180 ( 4 ) A 4. ( 1 ) 付録Ⅱ英語論文文範集 There is noticeable discrepancy between ・・ There are several objections to Waller's idea that ・・ 前報・後報・別報およびそれらと現論文との関係の表し方 ln a previous paper ( また 0 よ note, communication など ) it was shown that ・・ ln an earlier paper of this serres on the permeability of ・・ was made on ・・ ln preceding papers, we studied ・・ The work recorded in this paper is a continuation and amplification of the study of ・・・ begun by ・・ ln a series Of studies, of which this is the first, I propose to ・・ ln the present and following papers in this series, ・・・ have been stud- a report Details and further developments will appear elsewhere. ied ・・ 論文の目的・内容 論文の目的 purpose this The object of paper, note, report, article, study, inves- IS show, present, tigation the present describe, consider tO determlne, 伊リ : The purpose of the present study is to determine how ・・ lt is the object of this paper to show that ・・ The present paper is devoted primarily to a study of ・・ This paper is concerned with the relation between ・・ The present paper deals primarily ( または essentially) with ・・ This paper reports preliminary studies on ・・ 伊リ : This paper reports thermoelastic experiments on ・・・ , undertaken The This The with a view tO studying ・・・ The investigation entailed as well some preliminary study Of the nature of ・・ present report gives data on ・・ The present report gives a brief survey of ・・ commumcation describes certain changes ln ・・ present paper outlines the method 0f ・・・ and gives the results ・・

付録Ⅱ英語論文文範集 201 gations which may be summarized as follows : While this paper was in (the) press, it was pointed out tO the author by Professor G. I. Taylor that ・・ A paper by Ber ( 1973 , E ェ第にの液 4 29 , 455 ) , describing ・・・ has recently come tO our attention ; the author suggests that ・・ Since writing this paper Ochoa and co-workers ( 1968 ) have published a series of papers は . B / 0 /. C んに襯 . 243 , 849 ー 884 ) deal ・ ing with ・・・ They have shown that••

付録Ⅱ英語論文文範集 Contributions from ・・・ , No. 110. 177 Scientific paper NO. 105 , Washington Agricultural Experimental Sta- tion. Papers from ・・・ , NO. 55. Joint contribution from the Department 0f Bi010gy (Paper NO. 36)and ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) Chemistry, University 0f California. and ・・ Co—operative investigations Of ・・ 仕事をした場所の特記 This work was begun while the author was at the ・・・ lnstitut% versity. 仕事の一部や予報をすでに発表した場合のことわり書き ・・ Uni ・ (This paper was) presented at the annual meeting of the Z0010gical Society of Japan, Hiroshima, Oct0ber 1972. preliminary reports Of some Of this work were presented at the Xlth lnternational B0tanical Congress, Stockh01111' JulY 1968 , and at the meeting 0f ・・ These results were discussed at the Symposium on ・・・ at ・・ 19 , 1973. Short notes on this work have (already) appeared (Smith' 197 の . part of this work has (already) been presented in a preliminary com- munication (Smith, 1969 ). 助成金や補助金 Supported ()n part) by a Grant in Aid for Fundamental Scientific Research from the Ministry 0f Education. Aided grants funds Supported Work supported by ・・ This study ( または research, work) has been supported in part bY a and in part by ・・ grant in aid ・・・ from ・・ This investigation was conducted with the aid Of funds supplied by•• The expenses of this research have been in part defrayed by ・ The investigation referred tO here was aided by grants from the Com- mittee on Research, University Of California. Progress of this study was facilitated by a grant—in—aid from•• The writer is indebted tO ・・・ for a grant ・・ The author wishes to acknowledge that these investigations have been June 14 ー

付録Ⅱ英語論文文範集 、 hiS paper is a record 0f observations on ・・ 181 ( 2 ) ( 3 ) A 5 ・ This paper is the first of a series in which the results of a study of ・・ w Ⅲ be presented. The present paper is a general preliminary report on our studies, part of which will be published in detail elsewhere. An attempt is made in this paper to decide between these possibilities, and a further object of the work is tO study ・・ 研究の目的・対象・動機などの表し方 The present study was designed to secure this information. The present investigations were initiated tO determine ・・ We have undertaken an mvestigation of ・・ The metabolism of ・・・ has been particularly studied here. ln the present study, observations of Duval on ・・・ are repeated, usmg the very accurate method Of ・・ lt is from this aspect that the author is interested in the subject. and we thought the experiment might be interesting and valuable tO repeat. 論 ' 文の内容を簡単に説明する時の言いまわし ln the present report, further observations with larvae of ・・ as well as with ・・ are described, together with some remarks about the experimental method and possible signifi- cance of the results. ln the studies reported in this paper the work of Charles was re- peated and extended and the effect Of was determined as a first contribution tO the solution Of the problem. In thiS communication a report iS made on ・・ ln the present paper this hypothesis will be proved experimentally. The methods are described below, together with the results of an in- vestigation Of ・・ The data presented in this paper are based largely on observations which ・・ The first part of our work, which is now being continued, is reported below. The results of this investigation form the subject of the present paper. くわしく書いてある文畆の紹介すでに文献にくわしく出ている事項をくり返

第 4 編文章論 なお , 同じーっの段落の中でも , 各文は互いに孤立させず適当の連結語を用いて前後 関係を明らかにするように努める . ( 5 ) 語気 : 同じ趣旨のことを表現するのにも , 語気 ( 口調 ) の程度には いろいろある . 論文には非常に謙遜な書き方をしたものがある . しかし , あま りにそれの度が過ぎると卑屈な感じを与えて不利である . また反対に , “自分 の考えはこうだ . それは非常に大切なことを言っている・読者ももちろん同感 であろう . ”と言わんばかりの , 自信のあり過ぎる強い口調は読者に不快の感 を与え , また , その意見が独断的ではないかと読者を用心させる結果になる . このように必要以上に卑下するのも , 強調するのも効果的ではない . 弱い言い方の例 : I hope you are finding this as interesting as I am. I am suggesting things that you will find sensible enough tO agree with. 強い言い方の例 : 、åy observations are absolutely correct. I believe firmly that you will take this tO be unquestionably true. なお , 論文の記述の中に , " 私がどうした , " " 著者がどうした " などと , 、、私 " や " 著 者 " があまり何回も出てくるのは目ざわりな感じがするから , 使用回数を少なくするよ うに工夫する . たとえば , 改良 : Thanks are due to ・・ The author's thanks are due tO ・・ Similar experiments 、 repeated. repeated similar experiments. 改良 : ln a previous paper, I ・ ln one Of my previous papers, l•• 改良。 : 重要なのである . しかし , いくら飾り気のないのがよいからといって , 修辞と ろ飾り過ぎない , ひかえめの明確簡潔なものであるべきで , 文体よりも内容が めの特別の工夫が必要な通俗的な読み物とは違っている・論文の書き方はむし するためのものであって , 人を楽しませ , 読者を引き付けその興味をつなぐた ( 6 ) 工夫・技巧 : 論文は自分の研究の成果や意見を世の同学の士に報告

178 付録Ⅱ英語論文文範集 undertaken with the aid of grants from•• Financial assistance, granted from ・・ and from ・・ is gratefully acknowledged. 参考 : 文部省科学研究費その他の英訳 ( 学術月報の 4 巻 10 号目次裏による ). 科学研究費交付金 Grant in Aid for FundamentaI Scientific Research 科学試験研究費補助金 〃 for Developmental Scientific Research 科学研究助成補助金 〃 for the Miscellaneous Scientific Research 輸入機械購入補助金 〃 for Laboratory Equipment desirable to be imported 研究成果刊行費補助金 〃 for PubIishing Research Result A 2. 著者名に付帯した脚注事項 ( 最後のヒ。リオドを忘れないこと ) ( 1 ) 所属の変更や一時的な地位 Present address : NOW at the lnstitute of ・・ Permanent address : Working for the medical Research Council. Guest investigator. Formerly Zoological lnstitute, Tokyo University. lnvestigation carried out during tenure of a Rockefeller FeIlowship. ( 2 ) 仕事の分担者の明記 W. A. McGugan1 and D. H. Laughland2 のように共著者の名に番号を 付け , 欄外にそれらを受けて , 1Technical officer, 2Chemist の ように書く . ( B ) 序 論 A 3. 論文の書き出し ( 1 ) 当面の問題を提起するもとになった事実や説の書き出し lt is well known that ・・ lt is well established that ・・ lt was shown in a previous paper (Jones, 1972 ) that ・・ ln a previous paper it was shown that ・・ ・ (Jones, 197 の . Recent studies on ・・・ have shown that ・・ Recently SnelI ( 1971 ) drew attention to the fact that ・・ ln a recent paper Smith ( 1973 ) described that ・・

第 4 編文章論 85 ままであると any が every one of Jhe conditions の意味か any one of the conditions であるかわからない . 」 This work requires several men. 0 cannot do it alone. [ ひとりではで ・・の意味なら一 "One man cannot ・・ きない・ と直さなければ , one を " 人は " という一般的意味に用いたものとする人があるかもしれない . ] This is “ 2 第ので inaccurate. [ ここで 0 ま apparently が seemingly の意味 か evidently の意味か不明 . コ The original position can yet be distinctly traced. 匸 " それにもかかわらず ' の意味だったなら , yet を文の初めに置く ; " 依然として " の意味だったな ら , yet ではなく still を使う . コ 代名詞がどちらをさしているか迷う例 : ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) 不明 明 不明 明 明 Since the results exclude these assumptions, they should be abandoned. These assumptions should be abandoned, because the results exclude them. [ 初めの文だと , they は results を受けてい るようにみえる . 」 When I proposed the revision of this interpretation, he said he was in favor 0f it. in favor Of 54C んだビて″ 5Z0 れ . ・ in favor of 5 んゆた・ 0 れ . [ 最初の文のままだと it が revision と interpretation のどちらを指しているか不明 ; その 場合の意味に応じて第 2 , 第 3 例のどちらかにする . コ 代名詞がそのさしている名詞のずっと前にあって混乱を起こす例 : イ、明 ln んな paper on the determination of amino acids in proteins 明 and in protein hydrolyzates, which was read before the seventh annual meeting 0f the Chemical Society of Japan, 五″だ 4 立 4 5 that ・・ 石 4 だ 4 , in his paper ・・ [ 初めの文だと , in his 5 that ・・ paper の his はだれをさしているのかは Miura ( 文の主語 ) ま で読まないとわからない . コ 両様に解される構文例 : 不明 明 リ月 The material was れ ot ″ 5 にイみにむ 04S に it was small. The material was れ Ot used, 工 0 だ it was small. The material was ″ 5 に d 刃 0 ーろに ca ″ 5 に it was れ all. 匸小さいから使わないのか , 小さいから使ったというわけではないの

186 付録Ⅱ英語論文文範集 for the loan of apparatus and permission to complete the work during last れ 1 er. for permitting me tO make the measurements in his laboratory for the use of X—ray facilities of the lnstitute of ・・ 図表の製作 ・・ was obtained through the courtesy Of ・・ ••was generously supplied by ・ for supplying the b100d for this study for (kindly) supplying one with samples of ・・ for the sample of ・・ for strains Of ・・ for (gifts (f) pure fatty acids (used) for material (used in this work) 研究材料の提供 for for for for for for その他 for for for for for suggestions made in the preparation Of the manuscript reading the manuscript secretarial help for identifying the species of flies from Hokkaid0 Supplementary data (unpublished) were kindly furnished by ・・ data) permission tO mention certain as yet unpublished results ( また 0 よ for the potassium estimations for determining ・・ analysis Of ・・ (doing) some tests on ・・ (the) preparation of•• (the) preparation Of these photographic records the Dhotograph(s) appearing in this paper (the drawing (f) the text-figures in this paper (preparing) figure 2 ( D ) 材料・方法 研究材料と方法は多種多様であって , 細かい事項についての文例を一々ここに掲げ切

付録Ⅱ英語論文文範集 179 ( 2 ) ( 3 ) In a recent years several cases 、・・ Since Overton's paper ( 1954 ) it has 0ften been assumed that ・・ Since these results were pubilshed I have continued the investigation and have found that ・・ Since this paper appeared went ( 1973 ) has published an account 0f his later experiments which shOW that ・・ Sand ( 1962 ) has brought forward considerable evidence t0 support his view that ・・ The suggestion that was first made by Overton ( 197 の . The machanism by which a fish is able to ・・・ has long been a matter Of interests tO zoologists. " 今までの文献にあまりない " ことの表し方 We have as yet very little information as tO what is involved in ・・ AS yet few investigations have been made Of the ways ln which the varrous competences ln " ・ Literature which deals with the exact relationship between ・・・ is scanty. NO experiments have yet been made which a110W one tO evaluate the probability that ・・ The close relationship Of ・・・ has long been recognized, but as no work on the role Of ・・・ seems tO have been undertaken in this connection, it was decided tO investigate this prob- lem. SO far as we know, the work reported here is the first specificially ()o far as we know は so far designed t0 elucidate ・・ as is known でもよい . ) 、 exiStS a considerable literature on ・・ done ln order tO estimate ・・ comparatively Although considerable attention has been paid t0 ・・ and nothing is known Of ・・ little is known of ・・ 不明・不一致などの点のあることの表し方 The relationship between ・・・ has never been clear. The nature of these components is still a matter Of speculation. Until recently methods were not available for comparing the concentra- tion Of ・・ but little work has been

200 付録Ⅱ ( I ) 英語論文文範集 文献表 A 22. 見出しの書き方引用文献表の見出しには references, literature, literature cited, bibliography などが用いられるが , references か literature cited とするのが 一番普通である . A 23. ( 1 ) 入れる . ( 2 ) ( 3 ) 細目についての注意 関係文献の参照・引用が完全でない場合のことわり書き . 見出しの下か脚注に The list of literature does not clairn to be complete. This is not claimed to be exhaustive. 次のことわり書きも見出しの下か脚注に入れる . References marked With an asterisk contain more comprehensive review of the literature ・・ これを見出しの下に * =key reference と書き表してもよい . その他 未発表のもの・・・ 孫引きのことわり書き : Personal statement tO the author. commumcation. Unpublished results ( または data). ・・ Cited by Landsteiner ( 196 の . 抄録が載っている文献の付記 : Abstract in C んに襯 . 房 t. 71 , 674 ( 1969 ). ( J ) 追加・補記 などという見出しでごく簡単に書き , 引用文献表の前または後に組み込んでもらう . い場合 , 編集係員の了解が得られたら , それを addendum, note, note added in proof 原稿を提出してからあとで , 追加実験や新しい文献などについてどうしても追加した A 24. 追補の文例 Since this manuscript went to (the) press, we have tested ・ results obtained indicate that ・・ The Since this paper was submitted for publication several modifications have been introduced which considerably improved the technique Of ・・ UnpubIished work of Dr. A. Sato, one of our co-workers, bears on the present expenments ・・ Dr. K. Fowler has kindly communicated the results of recent investi-