6 THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY PHOTOGRAPHS を , ま をい 物 . ン第′ 1-3 らこ 1 Wilson heard the thunder of The man grven the daunting Rogers was the right man avalanches coming 伝 01 れ the task of finding a route for for the job. He located an mountains above, and asked the CPR through the Rock- acceptable, if hazardous, line one Of the Natives the ies, and the unknown for the rail 、 across source Of the sound. He Selkirk Mountains further Kicking Horse and Rogers replied the avalanches were passes in 1882. For his west, was MaJor A. B. Rogers, an accomplished discovery of Rogers Pass in on snow mountam above rarlway engrneer om the the Selkirks ー the key to the the lake oflittle fishes. United States. 気 h an route ー the CPR a 、 varded Next day, Wilson and the Stoney, Edwin Hunter, rode outlandish n10 us tache, a him a 5000 dollar bonus profane vocabulary, a diet of to the lake. Originally cheque , which Rogers named "Emerald" by raw beans and chewing framed and never cashed. 引 son , this was the first tobacco, and unstoppable Not indestructible, Rogers recorded ViSit tO 、 vhat iS no 、 drive,"HeII's Bells" Rogers died 01 Ⅱ sustained in a 信Ⅱ from his horse in 、 one Of the most colour- known as Lake Louise. lt also marked the beginmng ful characters tO grace the 1889 , while surveying pages of Rockies' history. another railway in the US. Of the connection between One of the men in Major the CPR and the spectacular He was from all reports, scenery of the Rockies; a almost as tough as the Rogers command 、 ' 01 れ WiIson, who packed connectlon 、、 vould mountain landscape he lead to the establishment of supplies for the survey. ln faced in his work. August1882, Wilson was a mountarn tourrsm indus— Rogers drove himself and camped with some Stoney try and Canada's firstthree his men mercilessly hard, Natives at the CO nfluence Of earning from most he super- national parks ・ Vised a respect born out Of the Bow and Pipestone Tom Wilson became a Rivers, near the present S1te fixture in the Canadian fear. But if success 、 h,ras the of Lake Louise village. Rock1es, and something of a measure Of hiS actlons,

THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY 爪 PHOTOGRAPHS 45 Opposite: The Yale Lake Louise Club's camp in Paradise Valley near Lake Louise, 1894. Above: Samuel Allen near Opabin Pass, 1894. beauty and challenge of the explorer David Douglas in Rockies to the world. Walter 1827 , towered a mile higher Wilcox's first book, "Camp- than any Other mountains ing in the Rockies", became known in the Rockies. an lnstant success When Ultimately it 、 Mas proven published in 1896 , and went Hooker and Brown 、 through numerous prmtings mountalns Of less than and editions. average stature, but over a lt didn't takelong for the period of a decade, they lnterest Of the mountameer- inspired half a dozen ing elite to shift from the expeditions 1ntO the north peaks adjacentto the country. lt 、 on one Of Canadian Pacific Railway, to these expeditions, in 1898 , the unkno 、 ranges further Scottish mountameer J. 、・ . north. Atthe heart 0 「 this Collie and party made the lnterest 、 vas the mythic lure first reco rded observatlon of Mts. Hooker and Brown, and exploration of C01um- t 、 MO mountams adJ0ining bia lcefield. Athabasca Pass , which from observatlons recorded by

THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY 爪 PHOTOGRAPHS 101 Opposite: The entrance tO little in the way of heavy M uch of the original grade ROCky Mountains Park (Banff), equipment tO aid their task, is still in use today. The 1921. workers toiled for $ 5.00 per lcefields Parkway was Above: The Bow River and month plus room and officially opened in 1940 , mountains near Lake Louise, and the scenery it offered board. Horses brought in from the Banff-Lake Louise from the pralrres tO aSSISt ln the motorlst 、 vas heralded as Road, now the BOW Valley Parkway, 1921. t 、 Menty S 、 vitzerlands in the clearing OP erations were noticed tO suffer 、 vith the one. " The road was up- effects of altitude at Bow graded and paved between 1956 and 1961, and is still Pass, the highest point considered by many [ 0 be crossed by roadway ln the most spectacular drive in Canada. Many of the the world. construct10 n camps used by ln 1990 the lcefields the 、 vorkers became the sites of today's roadside camp- Parkway celebrated its 50th grounds ・ anmversary, and Jasper The finished product was Natio nal Park hosted a a ち 0 kilometre gravel road, reumon Of some Of those 6.5 metres in width, and in who had worked on the no place steeper than 8 %. original constructlon. マ′イを ~ 一

THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY 爪 PHOTOGRAPHS 89 こ第、イ 4 observatory, ( 、 vithout The Banff Park Museum, near the Bow River on Banff benefit of a gondola), and hiked over , 000 kilo- Aven ue, iS the Oldest natural metres in the line Of his history museum ln 、 vestern work. Sanson's last trip [ 0 Canada.Norman S anson 、 1tS curator 伝 01 Ⅱ 1896- the top of Sulphur was in 1945 , tO make observatlons 1942. The museum bene- of a solar eclipse. fited greatly from Sanson s Sanson contributed over dedicated work. His duties included the collection of one half of the specimens on display in the Banff Park plant and animal specimens Museum. Under his for the museum, and the administration , it became recording Of 、 veather data known as "The University 伝 om the observato atop Sulphur Mountain. ln all he of the Hills. ” The Museum was proclaimed a National made over 1000 tr1PS tO the Historic Site in 1985. The rurns 0 「 the observatory are on a summit of Sulphur Mounta1n no ー kno 、 as Sanson Peak. Opposite: lJpper Falls in 」 ohnston Canyon, n. d. Above: Norman Sanson (front row, 厄代 ) and friends at the observatory on Sulphur mountain, during Sanson's 1000th ascent, 」 u ツ 1 , 1931.

60 THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY 爪 PHOTOGRAPHS Above: Packtrain on The following year, during During a 19 ち expedition to Saskatchewan Glacier, Columbia Columbia lcefield, trail the National Geographic lcefield Expedition, 1924. guide J immy S impso n did expedition tO Columbia Opposite top. ・ The Glacier something he'd been lcefield, horses were again Belle" on Glacier Lake, 1902. wanting to try for years ー he taken ontO Saskatche 、 」 . N. Collie's mountaineering drove his pack horses along Glacier. Photographer party used the raft t0 cross the lake on their way t0 the Lyell the icy surface of S askatche- Byron Harmon got great lcefield 、 Glacier. Simpson S mileage out of the unlikely lmage Of a packtraln on 1Ce. motlvatl()n 、 a shortcut 〇 pposite bottom: lce cave at the terminus of Athabasca on the journey bet 、 Castleguard Meadows soon Glacier, 1914. Castleguard Meadows, on became a regular stoppmg the southern edge of place on trail rides between Columbia lcefield, and Jasper and Lake Louise, Sunwapta Pass. The horses organized by Jack Brewster. apparently took t0 the ice meadO 、、 rou- with little fuss, which is tinely reached by crossing the ice, and the excurslon surpriS1ng, the temperament Of the average became known as "The pack animal. Little did Glacier Trail. Simpson realize, he had started a trend.

Above: Byron Harmon with Copyright ◎ 1991 Canadian CataIoguing in Altitude PubIishing Canada Ltd. Publication Data movie camera on Burgess Pass, Po 厄 , Graeme, 1956- 1917. Second, revised edition 1992 The Canadian Rockies: A History in Photographs 斤 0 尻 Cover: Teepee at Mt. Third, revised edition 1993 9 8 7 6 5 Assiniboine, 1920. ISBN 1 -55153-900-4 AII rights reserved. NO part of 1. ROCky Mountains, 石″ e Page: Gazebo by the this b00k may be reproduced in Canadian (). C. and Alta. ) ー lakeside trail, Lake Louise, ca. any form or by any means, History ー Pictorial works.* electronic or mechanical, 1900. l. Title. without permission in writing FC219. P64 1991 Back Cover: Captain Conrad from the publisher, except by a 971.1 ℃ 022 ワ O'Brien-ffrench with grizzly reviewer, WhO may quote brief C91-091280-7 bear, ca. 1950. passages in a review tO print in a F1090. P64 1991 magaz-lne or newspaper or broadcast on radiO or televison. Made in Western Canada P 「 inted and bound in Weste 「 n Canada by F 「 iesen P 「 inters, Altona Manit0ba. Altitude Publishing Canada Ltd. g 「 atefully acknowledges the suppo 「 t 0f the Canada/AIbe 「 ta Agreement on the cultu 「 alindust 「 ies. Design. R0bert MacDonaId, MediaCloneslnc. AItitude PubIishing Canada し t 土 The Canadian Rockies P.O. Box 1410 , Canmo 「 e AIbe 「 ta Canada TOL 0M0 AItitude GreenTree Program AItitude will plant in Western Canada twice as many t 「 ees as we 「 e used in the manufactu 「 ing 0f this b00k.

58 THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY PHOTOGRAPHS J1mmy Simpson cut hiS 1920. Simpson parleyed his Simpson spent many of teeth in the trail business as skills into a successful his later days at Num-ti-Jah. camp cook workmg for hunting b usiness , cultivatlng AS With many mountaln Tom Wilson s company an elite and wealthy clientele men and 、 vomen, he was from 1897-1901. Simpson 01 れ the eastern United long-lived. He died in 1972 must have learned the ropes States. ln the 、 Minters he at age 95. The mountaln of traillife well, for from hunted and trapped alone in immediately north of the this humble beginning he the country north of Bow lake was named in his emerged as perhaps the most Lake. honour the following year ・ knowledgeable and profi- Simpson began building C1ent trail guide ever tO 、 Num-ti-Jah Lodge (pro- in the Rockies. Kn() 、 tO nounced numm-TAH-zjaah) Natives as Nashan-essen ー on the shores of Bow Lake WhiCh means 。、 M01verine go in 1920 , replacing a camp he quick" ー Simpson had a had operated since the early remarkable ability to travel 1900 ' s. The octagonal shape of the main lodge resulted s 、 viftly in the mountains. He from the desire to build a 、 alSO a great hunter, and large structure, 、 only is credited 、 vith taklng a world record bighorn ram rn short timbers 、 vere available. Above: Teepee at BOW Lake, Columbia lcefield Expedition, 1924. Opposite bottom: 」 immy Simpson, legendary trail guide and builder of Num-ti- 」 ah L0dge

100 THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY PHOTOGRAPHS に第■■ i 廳第 ! ■ー 5 印 P The federal government also in 1958. Altho ugh die-hard an enthusiastic supporter Of perceived the automobile as motorists had for decades a developed road linkmg central tO the future Of been making the bone- Lake Louise and Jasper ー a tounsm in the Rockies , and Jarring trip along railway route he called "The opened numerous roadside grades either side ofYellow- Wonder Trail. ” Coleman campgro unds. The percep- head Pass, the Yellowhead 、 Mould live tO see this idea tIOn proved accurate. The Highway was finally become reality. He traveled automobile's dominance has completed through Jasper south 伝 om Jasper on the lasted 1 ore than 70 years. National Park in 1968. partially completed road in ln 1926 , "The Kicking The first complete 1 男 6. Horse Tra11" was completed Journey by trail from Banff Construct10 n Of the through Yoho, utilizing to Jasper along the present lcefields Parkway com- abandoned railway grades day route of the lcefields menced in 1931, as a make- on the Big Hill above Field. Parkway was made in 1904 , work proj ect during the This roadbed would by a hunting party outfitted Great Depression. Cre 、 eventually become part of by Jim Brewster. Professor 、 vorked tO 、 MardS each Other the Trans-Canada H ighway, A. P. CoIeman, an old hand from Jasper and Lake the longest paved road in at exploration Of the Louise, meetlng at the Big the world. The section Rockies, made a similar trip Bend near Columbia through the Rockies opened three years later, and became lcefield in 1 男 9. With very

THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY PHOTOGRAPHS 75 Opposite: Z00keeper feeding a MOSt VIS1tors tO Banff at the wildlife, the zoo was cinnamon bear at the Banff Z00 , turn of the century had a removed in I 男 7. peculiar need tO obtarn a The Banff Buffalo 、 vilderness experience Above: "Sir Donald", one of the Paddock originated in 1897 , original bison at the Banff 、 vithout straying 0n1 the 、 Plains bison 、 vere Buffalo Paddock, 1906. lap ofluxury. The essence of do nated to the park. The this expenence 、 the last record Of a free-roamrng opportunity tO vie 、、 bison (buffalo) in the animals. Ever willing to Rockies was 1858. A century cater tO tour1StS needs, the earlier, it IS estlmated 30 ー 60 federal government con- million of these animals had structed a nature museum at ranged through central and Banffin 1895 , at which 、 tern : N ・ 0 rth America. stuffed examples of wildlife One Of the bison reintro- were displayed. ln 1904 , a duced to Banff, nicknamed Z00 and aviary were added "Sir Donald" after its donor, on the museum grounds. AS was thought to be the oldest it little mattered tO the eXISting range-born bison at VIS1tors that the animals the time. Sir Donald was 38 were captlve and not 、 vild, years old when he died. neither did it matter the Z00 Eventually, an array of other included wildlife not native animals 、 kept at the to the Rockies. One of the B u 1 。 Paddock. Today, most popular animals 、 vas a only bison remaln. polar bear! Reflecting a more contemporary outlook on

THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY 爪 PHOTOGRAPHS 57 、 " ild ' ' BilI Peyto (pro- ofJ. N. CoIIie in 1897 and nounced PEE-toe) typified 1898 , and Whymper and the eccentric characters Outram ln 1901. He 、 attracted tO the profession Of known as a man Of con- trail guide. 、 Ot a native Of trasts: his qtllet manners were offset by his wild garb the wild west, Peyto hailed and off-beat sense Of from an unlikely place ー humour. 、 After a stint in the Kent, England. Wanderlust Boer War, Peyto set up his brought him to Canada at age eighteen, and eventually own guiding b usiness. Later tO the mountams, 、 vhere hiS he served in the First World War, joining the park surpr1S1ng abilities as 、 servrce in Banff 、 voodsman, hunter and prospector flourished. Peyt0 upon hiS return. The overlook at Bow cultivated a self-taught Summ1t was a favourlte knowledge 。 f geology, and haunt of Peyto's, during spent several years prospect- expeditio ns which camped ing near Banff before joimng in the vicinity of Bow Lake. Tom Wilson's company ln Thus the 、 vaters in the 18 男 or 1894. spectacular view 伝 0n1 the Of Peyto, WaIterWiIcox 100k0ut became known as commented: CHiS forté、 doing things, nottalkrng Peyto Lake. aboutthem. ”引 d Bill was guide on a number Of lmportant mountameerrng expeditions, including those Opposite: "Wild" Bill Peyto, trail guide and outfifter, 1895. Above: Bill Peyto(Ieft), Hugh StutfieId (foreground) and 」 . N. COIIie at camp in the Mistaya Valley, during the 1898 expedition which discovered Columbia lcefield.