110 THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY IN PHOTOGRAPHS Ph0tography Credits The a リ 0 「 / 5 particular/y grateful tO the 5 ね″ oft わ e ハ「ⅳ e Whyte め e リ m of the Canadian Rockies, fO 「 their as 引 5 ね n ( e with / 5 proiect. the photograph captions, "n. d. " means no specific date can be matched to the photograph, "ca. " means ・ circa", or approximately. Whyte Museum of the Canadian Rockies, Banff A. B. Thom: 14 , 24 A. L. Mumm: 39 upper Bert Prendergast: 80 lower BiII Gibbons: 91 Boorne and May: 9 lower, 10 Brewster Transport collection. 103 ′ 106-10 乙 109 Bruno EngIer: 95 Byron Harmon collection : front cover, 4 , 12 , 17 , 18 both, 19 upper, 20 , 22 , 23 upper, 26 lower, 27 upper, 32 both, 39 lower, 42 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 upper, 58-59 , 60 , 61 lower, 65 both, 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 72. 73 upper, 74 , 76 upper, 82 upper, 83 upper, 86 , 87 upper, 88 , 94 , 96 upper, 97 upper, 98 , 100 , 101 , 102 both, 105 , 108 lower, 1 引 Coast Publishing: 15 Ed Feuz 」 r. collection: 34 lower Edward Whymper: 51 Elliott Barnes: 75 , 76 lower, 77 , 79 upper, 80 upper, 82 -83 lower F. H. Slark: 41 both G. Morris Taylor: 93 lower George NOble: 21 , 23 lower George Paris: 25 lower H. WooIIey: 57 」 ohn Wood 「 u 幵 : 81 Lewis Freeman: 73 lower LIoyd Harmon: 96 lower Mary Schäffer collection: 55 , 59 lower, 62-63 , 70 MoIIie Adams: 63 lower Nicholas Morant: 107 upper Peter and Catherine Whyte collection: 36 lower Ph0tographer unknown: 2 , 7 upper, 19 lower, 27 lower, 35 , 37 , 52 , 61 upper, 64 厄升 , 78 , 87 lower, 79 , 89 , 90 , 97 , 106 upper, rear cover S. A. Smyth: 25 upper S. S. Thompson: 16 Stedman Brothers: 26 upper Underwood and Underwood: 108 upper Vaux FamiIy collection: 30 lower, 46 , 47 both W 」 . Oliver: 84 Walter Wilcox: 44 , 45 , 53.54 , 56 85 GIenbow-AIberta lnstitute, Calgary CharIes Horetzky: 38 Edgar Spurgeon: 40 Photographer unknown. 6 , 7 lower, 8 , 1 1 both, 28 , 92 , 93 upper, 104 upper ProvinciaI Archives of A e Edmonton Ph0tographer unknown: 64 right Jasper/YeIIowhead HistoricaI Society, Jasper Ph0tographer unknown: 104 lower Canadian Pacific Corporate Archives, Montreal 0. B. BuelI: 9 upper Photographer unknown: 1 , 13 , 31 , 33 both, 34 upper, 36 upper R. H. Trueman. 30 upper Author phOto. Marnie po 厄

THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY PHOTOGRAPHS 59 を一・尹←第いメ

50 THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY PHOTOGRAPHS G LJ ーロ E S

Above: Byron Harmon with Copyright ◎ 1991 Canadian CataIoguing in Altitude PubIishing Canada Ltd. Publication Data movie camera on Burgess Pass, Po 厄 , Graeme, 1956- 1917. Second, revised edition 1992 The Canadian Rockies: A History in Photographs 斤 0 尻 Cover: Teepee at Mt. Third, revised edition 1993 9 8 7 6 5 Assiniboine, 1920. ISBN 1 -55153-900-4 AII rights reserved. NO part of 1. ROCky Mountains, 石″ e Page: Gazebo by the this b00k may be reproduced in Canadian (). C. and Alta. ) ー lakeside trail, Lake Louise, ca. any form or by any means, History ー Pictorial works.* electronic or mechanical, 1900. l. Title. without permission in writing FC219. P64 1991 Back Cover: Captain Conrad from the publisher, except by a 971.1 ℃ 022 ワ O'Brien-ffrench with grizzly reviewer, WhO may quote brief C91-091280-7 bear, ca. 1950. passages in a review tO print in a F1090. P64 1991 magaz-lne or newspaper or broadcast on radiO or televison. Made in Western Canada P 「 inted and bound in Weste 「 n Canada by F 「 iesen P 「 inters, Altona Manit0ba. Altitude Publishing Canada Ltd. g 「 atefully acknowledges the suppo 「 t 0f the Canada/AIbe 「 ta Agreement on the cultu 「 alindust 「 ies. Design. R0bert MacDonaId, MediaCloneslnc. AItitude PubIishing Canada し t 土 The Canadian Rockies P.O. Box 1410 , Canmo 「 e AIbe 「 ta Canada TOL 0M0 AItitude GreenTree Program AItitude will plant in Western Canada twice as many t 「 ees as we 「 e used in the manufactu 「 ing 0f this b00k.

18 THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY PHOTOGRAPHS 第れは第 iNMENT BhYH H005E . BRNFF. Top: Caretaker at the Cave POOI, Cave and Basin, ca. 1915. Bottom: The re-developed Cave and Basin in 1914.

THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY 爪 PHOTOGRAPHS 5 RAILS INTO THE WILD Opposite: CPR train alongside the Kicking Horse River, n. d. Native peoples were the firstto see the Canadian Rockies. There is evidence to indicate they traveled, hunted and lived here at least II , 000 years ago. By contrast, the 、 vhite man s history in the Rockies began in 1754 , when 丘江 trader Anthony Henday glimpsed the eastern wall ofwhat he called "The Shining Mountains", om near lnnisfail, Alberta. The fur traders eventually established a handful of arduous routes across the Rockies, and a fe 、 notable scientlsts, adventurers, misslonaries and explorers added to the knowledge of the land with their travels during the early and mid 1800 ' s. But lt 、 the contact bet 、 and mountains during constructlon of the Canadian Pacific Ra11way in the 1880 ' s , which brought the Rockies into the limelight. ln the space Of less than a decade the rail 、 transformed the mountaln- ous wilds ofwestern Canada 伝 om a virtual blank on the map, tO a world famous destinatlon. Canada was only four years 01d when the idea of a trans- continental railway was first proposed As part of the dealto lure the resource-rich territory 0f British columbia into the country in 1871, Prime Minister John A. Macdonald promised a railway link tO the eastern provinces. The same summer, survey crews 、 dispatched tO begin locating a line for the rails across the vast breadth and unkno 、 terram Of central and 、 vestern canada•, surely one 0f the most formidable surveyrng pro)ects ever undertaken. From proposalto completion, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), as it officially became known, required more than fourteen years. ln the end it Ⅱ to a syndicate of 、 vealthy businessmen tO finance and re-finance the venture. The actual constructlon occupied four and a half years, and required the efforts 。朝 0 , 000 workers. The scandal, debate and financial strain of the troubled enterprise brought the young country to the political and financial edge numerous tlmes. Notthe least of the challenges to be met in the final survey and construction Of the railway, 、 the first Of six great mountam ranges 、 rose as impenetrable barriers tO westward travel into British Columbia, and the dream of umting Canada by rail ー the Canadian Rockies. Thus, our pictorial history of the Rockies begins in 1882 , as the end of railway steel approached the apparent chaos of peaks, valleys, lakes and glaciers, across which the existence of a viable route for the railway had メ e い 0 be proven.

を・ 鸞 ~ 第き燾物璽 34 THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY 爪 PHOTOGRAPHS Top: The Chateau under reconstruction, winter Of 1924- 25. Left: Swiss Guides Ernest Feuz 」 r. ()e 幵 ) , and RudoIph Aemmer, manningafire hose duringthe Chateau fire. Opposite: The wooden Rattenbury wing of the Chateau in flames, 」 u ツ 3 , 1924.

THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY PHOTOGRAPHS 71 PROFESSIONS AND PASTIMES Opposite: E Ⅲ 0 Barnes demonstrating hiS camera tO a Stoney Native at Kootenay Plains, 1907. Ever since the wife of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald rode on the cowcatcher Of a train 伝 0n1 Lake Louise tO Vancouver in the summer Of 1886 , the Rockies have seen an array of professions and pastimes ー everything from basic industry to madcap novelty. ln Banffs transltion 伝 01 れ frontier t0 、 t0 tourrsm centre, the pluck and perseverance Of the early surveyors, prospectors, loggers and railway builders, quickly gave way tO the savvy Of the marn street businessman. While most industrial enterprise in the Rockies faded into history, curtailed by economrcs, or prohibited by park regulations, tourism flourished. lt iS not surpr1Sing the most successful businessmen placed the tourist trade foremost amongst their diverse interests. Those 、 VhO rose tO the top in Banff— Dr. R. G. Brett, Jim Brewster and Norman Luxton ー all owned hotels. Luxton also founded the newspaper, どル′、 0 4 〃イ Ca 0 〃 , and was a key figure in 20 of Banffs oldest traditions: Banff lndian Days, and the Banff Winter CarnivaI. The lndian Days, during which Stoney Natives came tO Banff [ 0 entertain hOtel guests, reportedly origi- nated in 1889 when the CPR mainline flooded, stranding hundreds of idle patrons at the Banff Springs. The celebra- tion of Native culture was held annually until 1978 , and for many epitomized the mix Of 。、 west' and mountams, centralto the lure of the Rockies. Up untilthe first Winter Carnival in 1917, Banff had been a destination offering servlces ln summer only. The carnival 、 a gimmick in an ultimately successful attempt tO create 、 M1nter business ln Banff. Thelate 1920 s saw the beginning of another annual event, the Highland Gathering atthe Banff Springs Hotel. This celebratio n of traditional S cottish culture, became a popular, if some 、 vhat contrived, summertrme event. The Rockies' reputation for spectacular scenery allowed several photographers tO create prosperous businesses ln postcards and movies, bringing V1e 、 Of the mountalns tO the world. Most successful was Byron Harmon, who arrived in Banff in 19 丐 . Harmon is literally our prrncipal visual witness of Rockies' history. He was named official photogra- pher to the Alpine Club of Canada at its outset in 1906. By

THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY 爪 PHOTOGRAPHS 49 Opposite. Packtrain fording the became a talented skier, and Among the most success- Sunwapta River, National ん 1 guides were B ill Peyto , established a boat concesslon Geographic C01umbia lcefield at Maligne Lake. The boat Jimmy Simpson, Donald Expedition, 1924. 。℃ urly" PhiIIips, and Jim house he built there in 1929 ハわ ove : Campfire smudge at Bre 、 vster.With the advent still stands. The guiding Calumet Creek, A. C. C. / of the automobile in the business begun by Jim and Smithsonian Mt. Robson Expedition, 1911. Smoke from 1920 s, trail riding declined, Bill Brewster at Banff, smudges kept mosquitos and eventually became Bre 、 vster and Other business opportu- horseflies away. Transportat10n and Tours. mties presented themselves. 気 h the reso urcefulness they had demonstrated on the trail, many of the guides became entrepreneurs, providing a variety of services. J ⅱ m メ Simpson built Num-ti-jah Lodge at Bow Lake. CurIy PhiIIips

22 THE CANADIAN ROCKIES: A HISTORY PHOTOGRAPHS 膚川謝 Top:lnterior of Ban 幵 Springs Plans 、 dra 、 ln 1911 raftsmen worked with the Hotel, ca. 1914. to completely overhaul the finest materials.Windo 、 building, but initially 0n1 メ 、 vere lmported 伝 0n1 Europe, Opposite top: View from the terrace 0f the Banff Springs and stone 伝 0n1 Manitoba. one maJor expanslon 、 Hotel, ca. 1940. undertaken ー the 2 million The furniture and orna- dollar Pa1nter Tower, ments were pamstaklngly Opposite わ 0 om. Courtyard Of the Banff Springs HoteI, ca. completed in 1914. Between detailed to match period 1912. 1925 and 1928 , the remainder preces. Much Of the exterl()r Of the expansron and recon- of the building was eventu- structron tOOk place, ally finished in "RundIe yielding the main building rock" quarried 仔 om the we see today. Other addi- banks of the Spray River t10ns 、 vere completed in nearby. 1990. The CPR lavished a great deal of money on furnishing the pride of its ho tel fleet. Talented