Chapter 7 The 三 d 0 引 a y As the 、 Mar neared the end Of its second year, more than one hundred battles had been fought, with many thousands ofmen wounded and killed. And still, neither side 、ö,ras wlnning. ln the North, it became harder and harder tO find men whO 、 Mere 、い旦 こ = ー : 去 willing to J0in the army. And the government 、 vas runmng out Of money tO pay for the war. The South had broken away to keep slavery. Yet, so far, Lincoln had avoided dealing ′っ 66

LinCOln had no trouble getting volunteers for the army. People in the North supported the 、 Mar, and everyone thought it 、 vould be over soon. Lincoln believed that to fight a war, the president needed more po 、 Mer than in peacetlme. There are some things the president is not supposed tO do without the approval of Congress. LincoIn went ahead and did them, anyway—he built up the army and spent money on 、 Meapons. He alSO limited freedoms that were set dO 、 in the Constitution. He said that people who threatened the war effort could be sent to prrson without a trial. They didn't even have to be told what their crlme 、 vas. Because the 、、 SO popular, Congress let Lincoln get away with it. The war did not end quickly. On both sides, soldiers died in bloody battles that didn't accom- plish anything. Lincoln's army didn't seem to have a plan for winning the war. People began to wonder if Lincoln was up to the job. The president is the 54

TIIL GEIWSWQG ADDI?LSS Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on thiS contlnent a new natIOn, liberty dedicated tO the proposition that all men are created equal. NOW 、 are engaged in a great civil war, testing 、 Mhether that natl()n or any nation SO conceived and so dedicated can long endure. ・ " are met on a great battle- field of that war. have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. lt is altogether fltting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense, 、 cannot dedicate, 、 cannot consecrate, 、 cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember 、 vhat we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. lt is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. lt is rather for us tO be here dedicated tO the great task remaining before us—that 0n1 these honored dead 、 take increased devotion tO that cause for 、 vhich they gave the last んⅡ measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish 伝 om the earth. 101

Chapter 9 The War WO ln 1864 , Lincoln's first term as president was coming tO an end. There was supposed tO be an election in N ・ ovember. But 、 Mas it possible tO hOld an election during a CiVil 、 Lincoln's advisers suggested putting it Off until the 、、 over. He refused. 。。石 cannot have free government without elections," he explained. So a campaign began, although people in the rebel states would not be voting ・ Lincoln's opponent was George McClellan, the general who wouldn't fight. ln his speeches, McClellan hinted that he would be willing to compromlse tO end the 、 h•,nar. Lincoln 、 vas not at all sure he would win the election. Many Americans were fed up with the 、ötar. They 、 vere ready tO VOte for anyone 、 MhO 80

Contents 410 ・ Was Abraham LincolnP Life in a Log Cabin The Wider World A Member of Congress The Great Debater Mr. President Civil War The End of SIavery A Two-Minute Speech The War ls ・ Won Farewell to the President Gettysburg Address Timelines Bibliography 1 つつつつ 0 1 1 9- -6 っ ~ 0 つん 1 つん / 4 1 っ ~ つつ / 4 , 4 -6 7 / 8 9- 0 0 0

Then Lincoln decided to go further. Quietly, all by himself, he wrote the Emancipation Proclamat10n. This proclamation did 〃 0 free all slaves. lt was an act of war, and it applied only to Confederate states. ln the rebel states, all slaves would be freed forever. But in DeIaware, slavery Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, remained legal because these states had stayed with the ・ Union. Lincoln 、 sure that, once the nat10n 、 reunited, it would be possible t0 end slavery in the whole country. But that had to be done by Congress. As president, he only had power to act against states that 、 rebelling. Of course there 、 Mas no 、 vay tO enforce the Emancipation proclamatlon until the Union had 、 MOn the 、 var. Just because the proclamatlon tOld Southerners tO free their slaves, it didn't mean they would. Lincoln knew this. He said he felt like someone trying tO make a law tO change the 69

with slavery directly. Now he realized he had to face the issue. . Abolitionists supported the 、 var because they thought it would end slavery. They wanted Lincoln to make it illegal once and for all. But even in the North, a lot of people were against this idea. LinCOln 、 afraid tO lose their support. So he hesitated. He wasn t sure that the president had the po 、 tO outlaw slavery. He had sworn tO protect the laws of the United States, and slavery in the South was legal. The president couldn't Just over- turn laws all by himself. That had to come 伝 om the people. Only the citizens of the country could change the ・ United States Constitut10n. At last, Lincoln came upon a way to do what he thought was right and at the same time obey the Constitution. A country at 、 var 、 vas allO 、 Med tO seize property that the enemy was using to fight the 、 var. Southern states were using slave labor in many ways that helped the war effort. Lincoln 67

song belonged to the whole country agam ・ Lincoln had been planning for this day for a long time. Bringing back peace 、 even more important than 、、 var. And it 、 going tO be just as difficult. ・ With Lincoln's encouragement, Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment to the Const1tution. This amendment 、 Mould outlaw slavery every 、 Mhere in the United States. ln his second inaugural speech, Lincoln had and his comrades stand- shows John Wilkes Booth for him. A photograph not everyone 、 cheering side the capitol building, he spoke tO the cro 、 out- back to the Union. But as 、 Melcome the rebel states said that he wanted tO were already plotting to kill the president. ing nearby. These men ↓①日、ーロく ES BOOTi-Ä

sentenced him to death. Then they ran to their father, lnterruptlng a meetlng, and asked him to pardon Jack. Lincoln listened gravely tO their case. Then he wrote out an official pardon on White House statlonery. Later, Tad also got Lincoln to free a turkey that 、 vas being fattened for Christmas dinner. Tad wanted to keep it as a pet. ()e named the turkey Jack, too. ) Lincoln didn't mind these interruptions. ln fact, he needed them. ln the middle of this terrible war and with all his worrres, Tad and Willie could make him smile. His sons 、 veren't the only people interrupting Lincoln. Almost anyone who waited long enough outside his Office 、 lnvited in. MOSt came tO ask for favors. For example, they hoped Lincoln would find a government J0b for them. Sometrmes 61

began to form regiments of black soldiers. As free men, they would now fight against their former masters. By the end of the war, almost 200 , 000 blacks had joined the Union army ・ 71