bloody death 田•d cmell torments; other whiles imprisonments, banish- ments, & other hard usages; being loath his kingdom should goe downe'. These were troubled times but nevertheless Bradford was 0 timistic claiming that eventually he would see ・山 e む山 prevaile, and the churches Of GOd reverte tO their anciente puritie, and recover their primative order, libertie, & bewtie'. He feared ⅲ the meantime that conditions could become increasingly threatening ⅲ England for the puritan groups like his Pilgrims who saw themselves 'sincere servants Of GOd' because Roman Catholic or papist' forces raised their heads from time tO time the DeviI Satan 'then begane t0 take him t0 his anciente strategemes, used of old against the first Christians' and 'then begane tO SOW errours, heresies, 田•d wounderfull dissentions amongst the professours them selves, (working upon their pride & ambition, with other corrupte passions incidente tO all mortall men, yea tO the saints them selves ⅲ some measure,) by which WO 血Ⅱ effects followed; not only bitter conten- tions, & harrburningsy schismes, with Other horrible confusions, but Satan t00ke occasion & advantage therby tO foyst in a number of vile ceremoneys, with many unproffitable cannons & decrees, which have since been snares tO many poore & peaceable souls even tO this day . Punishment against puritan groups ⅲ EngIand had become severe by the s ねれ Of the seventeenth century Bradford said, causing many tO flee from EngIand in the same manner that he and his fellow PiIgrims would be forced tO dO. He claimed the violence against purist religious groups could be terrifymg and 、 w no less than that Of ould practised towards the Christians when they were c omp elled & drawne t0 sacrl- fice t0 idoles; for many indured sundrie kinds Of tormente, Often rackings, & dismembering Of their joynts; confiscating 0f ther goods; some bereaved 0f their native soyle; Other departed this life under the hands of the tormentor; and some died in banishmete, & never saw ther cuntrie agame' and these victims Of religious persecution had tO b e counted against 、 those worthy martires & confessors which were burned ⅲ queene Marys days & otherwise tormented, many (bOth studients & others) fled out Of the land, tO the number Of 800 '. ReIigious refugees formed new churches abroad once they escaped and 'became severall congregations' in European towns such as 'Wesell, Frankford, BassiII, Emden, Markpurge, Strausborugh, & Geneva', although once abroad, these people inevitably became embroiled ⅲ a 'bitter warr Of contention & persecution about the ceremonies, & servise-booke, and Other popish and antichristian stuffe, the plague 0f England t0 this d '. Bradford claimed that the religious conflict dividing E ngland was now being fought between his Pilgrims wh0 had formed a group 0f separatists tO return tO the New Testament's simplicity SO they could worship GOd ⅲ their own manner on the one hand, and the newly- established and wealthy Church 0f England with its corrupt bishops The P リ阨れ 尾 ac ん s the da, ッ ん 0 opposed the decadence 可 the 0 〃リ lar c んリ尾ん demanded 0 strict ad ん e e e か doc 〃 e 0 れ d e prepared ね die for t か bel . 20

25 December 7. 8. 9. passengers, possibly connected with the Leyden congregation. 29. William Wright, married PrisciIIa Carpenter, was one Of the OIder om Worc e ster, E ngland. 28. John WinsIow, brother of Edward, passenger on the M 佖″ 0 , 27. William Tench, very little known. 26. James Steward, no further record Of him at Plymouth after 1623. brought over an apprentice by one Of the Other passengers. 25. Hugh Statie, a yeoman, not a freeman until 1642 may have been the Church at Leyden. 24. Moses Simonson, possibly a minor when he enugrated, member Of he ermgrated. 23. Thomas Prence, future Governor, had just reached majority when 22. WiIIiam Pitt, probably returned t0 EngIand prior tO 1627. London. 21. William PaImer, nailer, one of the older passengers, possibly from 20. Austin Nicolas, may have been 0f Flemish origin. 19. Thomas MO れ on , possibly from AusterfieId, York, home 0f Bradford. ⅲ the ス e 18. Benedict Morgan, sailor, of Clerkenwell, London, returned to England 17. William HiIton, possibly fishmonger, of Northwich, Chester. 16. Robert Hicks, fellmonger of London. 15. Martha Ford, who was delivered 0f a son the first night she landed. 14. Master Ford, first name unknown, husband of Martha Ford. Master Flavel, his son. 13. Thomas FIaveI, probably from one of the suburbs 0f London, with a servant tO one Of the Other passengers. 12. PhiIIipe de la Noye, sixteen years 0f age when he arrived, probably 11. Stephen Dean, miller, bachelor, another Of the 'lusty yonge men . 10. Thomas Cushman. only and returned t0 England with the お 0 れ e. Robert Cushman, WOOI carder and agent, wh0 came for observation William Coner, Bachelor. John Cannon, bachelor 朝 om London. 127 'SO he led-away the rest and left them; but when they came home at them till they were better informed. tould them that if they made it mater 0f conscience, he would spare it wente agamst their consciences tO work on that day. SO the Govenor usual,) but the most Of this new-company excused them selves and sald called Chrismas-day, the Govenor caled them out t0 worke, ( was remember one passage more, rather 0f mirth then Of waight. On the day tensions ⅲ the future and he said by way 0f conclusion: 'OnlY I shall the newcomers behaved on such an important day there would be Bradford. He was one 0f the old guard who believed that 朝 om the way final incident recorded on Christmas Day by the tireless Governor The likely success or failure of the settlement was soon indicated ⅲ a

drink and dance and make love to lndian wenches. This debauched behavior, which peaked some years later at the Merry Mount Mayp01e affair, eventually had t0 be suppressed by a punitive raid under C aptain Standish ⅲ order t0 re-establish the origl- nal discipline 0f the Pilgrims. The Merry Mount affair started, Bradford tells us, when Thomas Morton, a well educated but unscrupulous ad- venturer, arrived and tOOk control Of a nearby plantation at Mount Wallarton. The pleasure-loving Morton immediately changed the name of the location tO Merry Mount and began t0 plan some fun. Bradford claimed that 'after this they all fell to a great licientious- ness, and om then on led a most dissolute life'. Before long, Morton had become 'lord 0f misrule, and maintained ( it were) a school 0f sin. They set up a may-pole with much drinking, dancing and consorting with the lndian women'. Then tO make matters worse the pleasure seekers were forced tO trade their guns, powder and shOt ⅲ return for food om the lndians ⅲ order t0 maintain their abandoned lifestyle. At this point the PiIgrims lost patience not only was this pleasure camp undermining their puritan values but with arms and ammunition the lndians would become more 0f a threat. Having tried ⅲ vain t0 persuade MO れ on tO reform his ways, the Pilgrims eventually decided t0 storm the pleasure camp and take Morton and his revellers by force. Sending Captain Standish and a raiding party fully armed into the camp, the PiIgrims caught Morton and his men unawares, disarmed them, tied them up and dispatched MO れ on back tO England on the next ship. Although it was a victow for the way 0f life advocated by the PiIgrims it was not without some price. Once back in England, Morton published a bOOk attacking the Pilgrims for their dictatorial methods. By the end Of the first decade, however, Pilgrim publications like Mo ' S e 厄 0 れ and Winslow's G00d News 工川 New E れ 0 厄れ d had mspired Other religious groups t0 cross the Atlantic and t0 share in the re source s Of the New World. BY 1630 large shiploads 0f puritans under the leadership of Governor J0hn Winthrop established other settle- ments ⅲ the Massachusetts Bay area which came under the auspices Of the powerful Massachusetts Bay Company. Before long the different settlements were forced tO create a Feder- ation ⅲ order tO work together and tO defeat the common lndian enemy by then, with Squanto and Samoset long dead, the lndians opposed such massive numbers invading their country. Then ⅲ 1643 the New EngIand Confederation was created out 0f the fO colonies Of Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, New Haven and PIymouth basically for defence against lndians, French and Dutch rivals ⅲ New EngIand. TWe New England Confederation was the first union 0f independent colonies and was a model for the later Articles 0f Con- federation, which led ⅲ turn to the Union of the United States. lndeed Bradford said himself was t0 the admiration 0f many, and allmost wonder Of the world; that Of SO small beginnings SO great 'SO the light here kindled hath shone tO many . things should insue 0 nce the settlement ん ad become established the Pilgrims e 尾 able build s リ bs 厩 I houses これ P mo 砒ん 130

1606 Escape From EngIand 1606— 1608 お 0 こん s CO れ s 佖 e 佖の e ん 砒加 e S04 and CO 佖 e , lands & gs , 佖れ d 佖〃 e 加工 e れ & 工佖襯″を 0C4 佖こ佖 ce , れ was c ん , 佖れ d ん 0 0 んこ 色佖 71 , e s わ 4 ? れ佖 4. B 00e を佖 CO れ e 市 ey knew れ他わ 4 ん e 佖 s 佖の , ん e 市 ey s ロ e 佖肥佖 new 厄 0 佖 ge , 佖れ d get gs 市 ey んれ e れん ow , れわ 0 佖 dear place, & subjecte the misseries 0 工 ) 佖 7 ア , was わ 4 佖 4 市 0 0 佖れ佖 d 夜色観襯 0 desperate, 佖 case 厄佖尻 e , & 佖 ss 夜 e 0 se ん夜 ~ William Bradford Bradford begins his story with the religious conflict and persection in England, which drove puritan groups like his PiIgrims 仕 om their native soil. TO s ねれ with he says ⅲ order to 'truly unfould, I must begine at the roote & rise Of the same. 盟 le which I shall endevor の manefest ⅲ a plaine stile, with singuler regard untO the simple trueth in all things, at least near my slender judgmente can attaine the same . Referring to the religious upheavals which had divided England since the break from the Roman Catholic church by Henry ⅥⅡ who created the Church of England, Bradford tells of the dreadful persecu- tion that had swept around the country like a wive of terror. At- tacking the catholics for ushering ⅲ a new dark age he complains, 'lt is well knowne untO the godly and judicious, how ever since the first breaking out 0f the lighte of the gospell ⅲ 0 Honourable Nation of England,' that there had been periods of grosse darknes of popery which had covered & overspred the Christian worled'. Bradford claims that puritan groups like his Pilgrims or saints, he called his sect, were persecuted through 'warrs & opposissions ever since, Satan hath raised, maintained, and continued against the Saincts, 仕 om time tO time, ⅲ one sorte or other'. He claims that dissenting religious groups were punished by the government and 0 れ hodox church ⅲ a cruel manner. 'Some times by 19

Goodman, John 94 ー 95 , 96 Great Meadow Creek 80 G reat Pond 79 Green Gate 30 Guiana 33 ー 34 Holland 4 , 27 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 48 Hopkins, Elizabeth 61 Hopkins, Steven 115 ー 117 HowIand, EIizabeth (born TiIIey) 9 , 12 HowIand, John 9 , 12 , 27 , 60 , 79 lndians 69 , 70 , 71 , 75 , 79 , 81 , 82 , 84 , 85 , 87 , 90 ー 95 , 97 , 102 , 103 ー 107 , 118 ー 121 , 125 University 0f 28 , 29 28 ー 41 passim, 44 , 129 Leyden, H011and 7 , 8 , 9 , 11 , Kingston 87 , 88 King James 1 8 Kennebec River settlement 34 J ones River 88 97 48 , 57 , 59 , 62 , 63 , 66 , 73 , 74 , 92 , Jones, Captain Christopher 17 , Jamestown 34 lpswich 78 plague 105 , 115 graveyard 80 challenge Pilgrims 125 ー 126 115 ー 117 , 119 , 122 Massasoit, Chief 6 , 105 ー 109 , Martin, Marie 13 92 , 111 M artin, Christopher graveyard 77 Long P0int 77 Lincolnshire 26 13 , 17 , 50 , the voyage 54 ー 64 を as m departs for England 112 ー 113 123 72 , 73 , 75 , 78 , 79 , 83 , 85 ー 92 44 , 45 , 48 , 49 , 53 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 外イ 0 ァ″ 0 7 ー 11 passim, 17 ー 18 , 外イ 0 ″ 0 Compact, The 9 , 67 ー 68 M ore, J asper 79 M ourt, George 5 外イ 0 リ ' s e 0 〃 5 , 130 Mullins, Alice 14 MuIIins, Joseph 14 MuIIins, PrisciIIa IO, 14 , 111 Mullins, WiIIiam 14 N0ttinghamshire 26 Obbattinnua 120 Old Tom's HiII 74 Pamet River 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 78 Pilgrims American leg thre atened 46 arrive at Cape C0d 64 arrive on the br e 126 ー 127 assimilation ⅲ HOIIand 27 ー 28 beliefs and principles 2 buildin 90 00P. 00t0d 113 ー 114 death 63 , 77 debate on move tO America 31 ー 33 Guiana 33 ー 34 decision t0 flee England 22 ー 23 Leyden 30 ー 31 departure 49 ー 50 disease ⅲ first winter 91 , 111 ー 112 divide after Speedwell loss 52 ー 53 escape from E ngland 22-23 exports 124 ー 125 final departure 53 find corn seed 74 ー 75 first birth in colony 75 fortress built 126 guard formed 98 health problems 78 illnesses 62 ー 63 lndian attack 81 lndian contact 103 ー 106 lndian sighting 96 ー 97 lndian treaty 108 ー 109 land grants 91 landing 68 mass landing 87 ne Otiate with Virg1ma ompany 34 ー 38 133

them tO just search for an easy life; they were embarked on a far greater mission than just the search for a modern garden Of Eden. The very luxuries that attracted them tO Guiana could have proved their und0 ing. Finally, the pro-Guiana group was outvote d by the pro- America group wh0 argued that although'the counfrie was both 嶽 11 ば u Ⅱ and pleasante, and might yeeld riches & maintenance tO the possessors, more easily then the Other; yet, Other thmgs considered, it would not be SO fitt for them' and 'such hOtt countries are subject to greevuos diseases, and many noysome lmpedlments, which Other more temper- ate places are freer from, and would not SO well agree with our English bodys. Againe, if they should ther live, & doe well, the jealous Spaniard would never suffer them long, but would displante or overthrow them, he did the French ⅲ Florida' (where Spanish soldiers had massacred a Huguenots refugee group e arlier). The pro-Guiana group also had plenty 0f arguments against America, claiming that'if they lived among the English which were ther planted, or SO near them tO be under their government, they should be ⅲ great danger t0 be troubled and persecuted for the cause 0f religion, if they lived ⅲ England, and it might be worse. And if they lived t00 farr Of, they should neither have succour, nor defence from them . NevertheIess, the choice was made 、 tO live a distincte bOdy by them selves, under the generall Government 0f Virginia'. After all, one of the reasons why they were leaving H011and was their fear 0f losing their EngIish identity; ⅲ the English colony ⅲ America they could at least give their children the English language education they wanted for them and teach them to observe the Sabbath, unlike the Dutch whom the PiIgrim E dward WinsIow claimed profaned this holy d . The Pilgrims selected Virginia and not New EngIand. Virginia was first settled ⅲ 1607 at Jamestown by English settlers under the auth- 0 ⅱ 0f the Virginia Company established ⅲ 1606. Although these Virginian settlers may have b e en Christian , they were motivated pri- marily by commercial gain. The Pilgrims certainly knew about New England. Captain John Smith's 1616 book Desc 盟 0 れ New E 0 厄 provided ample infor- mation about this area and was based on his 1614 voyage. His accounts were not attractive the reports 仕 om Virginia; also the Pilgrims would have been put 0ff by the abortive 1607 Kennebec River settle- ment by the Plymouth Company under Sir J0hn Popham. None 0f the PiIgrims wanted t0 start Off completely on their own, SO none Of them put the case for New England. Having agreed on America the Pilgrims now decided t0 ask the Virgima Company if it would allow them tO set up a religious colony near the 1607 Jamestown settlement and the King 0f England if he 'would be pleased t0 grant them freedome 0f ReIigion' even though he had forbidden them tO practise their puritan style Of worship ⅲ his own kingdom. lt was a b01d and daring request. 34

Postscript: The Founding of America れ was the 佖 d 襯佖 0 襯佖 4 , 佖れ d 佖″ OS WO e 可 the 0 , ・市可 SO s 佖〃わを gs so 0 佖これ gs s ん 0 insue, as 肥″ e ? れ佖れび研佖れ市佖 ん e s ん 0 d be such 佖 s 0 placefor so 佖 the ん 0 ds people, 夜 ~ SO s ん佖 佖 SCO •ge C 佖色 e 0 ん e ひれ e れ佖 0 William Bradford The Pilgrims survived the second winter, despite the thirty-five extra mouths tO feed and eAJoyed an even better harvest ⅲ the sprmg 0f 1622. The お 0 e managed to get back to EngIand, although French pirates highjacked the vessel on the way and stOle most Of the goods. The London investors had tO be kept happy by the promises from the PiIgrims that Other ships would take lucrative cargoes back t0 England ⅲ future years. The Plymouth PIantation grew from a population 0f eighty-five ⅲ 1621 , more and more Pilgrim settlers arrived. Ships like the Anne and the んれ e 佖 es arrived within a year and by 1623 the bulk 0f the original Leyden c ongregation sailed int0 Plymouth Harb or, reuniting many families. This was a most emotional moment all the original Pilgrims were now together ⅲ the Promised Land. Bradford sums up the feelings when he reports that 'These passen- gers, when they saw their low & poore condition a shore, were much daunted and dismayed, and according t0 their divers humores were diversly affected; some wished them selves ⅲ England againe; others fell a weeping, fancying their own nuserie ⅲ what they saw now ⅲ others; Other some pitying the distress they saw their freinds had been long ⅲ , and still were under; ⅲ a word, all were full Of sadnes'. Bradford married again and continued Governor but, the years went by, his jOb became more diffcult. The new settlers were not always well behaved 'the first comers . Some Of the more rebellious settlers even had tO be expelled from the settlement. This proved counterproductive however because the rebels set up alternative pleasure camps' where other rebels could 129

Dutch and EngIish fought over colonial possessions claiming dlfferent parts 0f America. Explorers like Sir Walter Ralegh were ⅲ favor one moment and then beheaded the next. The English King Henry ⅥⅡ had broken with the Roman Cath01ic Church, creating the Church Of England t0 facilitate his divorce and the seeds 0f bitter religious strife began tO take root. The EngIand that the Pilgrims left was an England undergoing great change and upheaval. During the first quarter 0f the seventeenth century James I authorized the new Bible; Shakespeare was writing provocative plays like 佖 portraying the problems 0f kings and princes. Ben Jonson was irritating people with his satirical essays; MiIton was elevating people's thoughts with such poetic works 佖佖 d e ん os J0hn Donne was seducing his ladies with love poems and Francis Bacon was startling society with his scientific essays and lectures. The Pilgrims were not the first t0 sail the Atlantic Ocean for America. Christopher C01umbus had achieved this honor ⅲ 1492 but they were among the first tO settle the continent for the English. Others like Captain J0hn Smith and the settlers 0f Virginia had explored the east coast from the early seventeenth century. There was plenty Of information on the new world. Commercial interests had settled Virgima ⅲ 1607 at Jamestown and b00ks had been published extolling the virtues of America a new world for the brave. Nevertheless it was still a long way and a very risky undertaking. Escaping from the oppressive English authorities and seeking a land where they could practise their religion in peace, the Pilgrims estab- lished the importance 0f personal principles from the start By fighting SO hard for their religious freedom, they created documents like the 1620 Mayflower Compact and the 1 3 New England Confederation and established the important principles Of freedom Of conscience, freedom 0f religion, the right t0 life, liberty 田 the pursuit 0f happiness, enshrin- ing the basic concepts and rights 0f the First Amendment 0f the Con- stitution of the United States. The Pilgrims brought with them t0 the new land such concepts freedom Of opinion, right tO dissent, the prmciple Of fair and open debate, the practise Of electing governments democratically and the idea 0f having a written document establishing the rules and regu- lations Of government. The Mayflower Compact ⅲ time mfluenced the Constitution of the United States. The Pilgrims also created a new code 0f morality and behavior. They asserted the rights 0f people against the British Crown, established the concept 0f the common good, 0f the general will 0f the people, 0f the greatest happiness 0f the greatest number and, through their dlsciplined leadership, laid the basis for government by the people, for the people and Of the people. Despite the religious ideals the Pilgrim settlement was established on a commercial footing 朝 om the s ねれ . The Plymouth Plantation was an

22 March SuddenIy out of the woods two or three 'savages' presented them- selves and this time they were unknown and appeared more menacing. These lndians whetted and rubbed their arrows and strings and made a show 0f defiance. WinsIow said Captain Standish and another man, with their muskets, went over the brook to them, followed by two of the seamen, but as they drew near, the lndians ran away. This day was also an important one because, after over four months in the colony, they were able t0 bring the last of their people and possessions ashore from the 佖″ 0 e WinsIow said that with much ad0, they got their Carpenter, wh0 had been sick with scurvy for a long time, t0 prepare their shallop and t0 use this boat to fetch all the remaimng people and possessions from the ship tO the new settlement. Another very fair, warm day enabled the PiIgrims to get on with building and planting, at least until they were interrupted onc e again by their new friends who reappeared out of the woods. WinsIow relayed that Samoset came again bringing with him Squanto, the lndian wh0 had travelled overseas. They brought with them some skins t0 trade and some red herrings. As it turned out Squanto had only arrived back ⅲ the PIymouth area himself a year or so before from E ngland, where he had been on a trip with a fishing ship under the command 0f Captain Dermer. On discussing his story further the PiIgrims learnt that Captain Dermer had persuaded Squant0 tO travel back tO EngIand t0 show the EngIish what the lndians were like, in order tO create confidence among future New England commercial traders and to teach the English people something 0f the lndian language. Squant0 had then been brought back t0 Plymouth ⅲ late 1619. Dermer had probably saved Squanto's life, because, while he was away, the plague struck down most 0f his family and friends. When he landed back ⅲ PIymouth most 0f them were dead. Squanto was now anxious tO serve a go-between and offered tO introduce these new EngIish visitors t0 his Chief, Massasoit. The PiIgrims eagerly accepted the invitation. WinsIow said that the lndian King then came tO the top of a nearby ⅲⅡ , and had in train sixty men. Squant0 went up t0 him and brought word that the PiIgrims should send one person t0 parley. WinsIow himself then went and invited the lndians tO trade ⅲ peace. He said the PiIgrims sent the King a pair Of knives, and a copper chain with a jewel ⅲ it. The Pilgrims did not forget the lndian taste for good food and drink either; they sent such luxunes brandy, biscuits and butter which were all willingly ac c epte d. Chief Massasoit seemed confident that these new arrivals had come ⅲ peace. Winslow said he came over the brook with some twenty men following him leaving all their bows and arrows behind them. At this show of peace, MyIes Standish and lsaac Allerton with a half a dozen musketeers went forward and met the King at the brook, and they 107

administrative knowle dge t0 good use when he was appointed the foreign affairs representative and, when ⅲ England on PiIgrim business, began his own business a merchant engaged ⅲ extensive trading ⅲ New EngIand. His first wife Mary gave birth to a still-born son on board the M 佖 0 ⅲ Plymouth Harbor ⅲ March 1621. She herself died one month later. But Allerton already had other children by her, including Barth010mew, Remember and Mary. He then married a daughter of Elder William Brewster. Emotions ran high when the Pilgrims found out he was using their business nussion tO England tO develop his own trading organization, and he became most unpopular because he had gone agamst some Of the basic principles they believed ⅲ . The latter part 0f his life was difficult the Pilgims lost faith ⅲ him and he fell out with them. He finally moved t0 another district. He died ⅲ shame ⅲ New Haven ⅲ 1659. 0 血 n BiIIington om the start BiIlington was the black sheep of the Pilgrim family. Bradford claims he came from 'the profanest family' 0f the lot. om the start he was a villain and, time went on and the strains Of building a new world increased, he went 仕 om bad t0 worse. He came from London and was possibly 、 trained t0 husbandry' He married an English woman, Helen, and they had two children, J0hn and Francis. J0hn Billmgton was thmty when he and his family sailed ⅲ the M 佖 IO e Bradford claims 'they were an ill-conditioned IOt and unfit for the company Of the planters' and 'I know not by what friend shuffled intO their Company . Having committed the first punishable offence ⅲ 1621 by challenging the authority 0f his Plymouth Plantation le aders , Billington c ontinued to rebel until he finally murdered a fellow Pilgrim, following an argu- ment, and was executed about September 1630. Pris cilla Mullins The pretty Priscilla was the darling 0f the Pilgrim colony. The daughter of William MuIIins and his second wife, AIice, she was about sixteen years 0f age when the M 佖 10 sailed. She alone survived when her parents were struck down by diseases soon after arrival. An attractive catch and just the right age for breeding, she was sought after by all the single men ⅲ the group. EventuaIIy ー following an introduction by Captain MYles Standish she married the shy Southampton cooper J0hn Alden with whom she had eleven children before dying at Duxbury ⅲ 1650. PrisciIIa was the most romantic figure in the colony and the heroine 0f Longfellow's poem, 肥 CO s ん切可 MYles S 阨れ市 s ん , MYles Standish and J0hn Alden were both involved ⅲ attracting the attention of the most sought-after bride ⅲ the colony. 10