Conversation Theresa May. I simply cannot TIME 100 understand how TIME ar- RE "THE 100 MOST INFLU- ential PeopIe ” [May 1 ー 8 ] : rives at its choices for this list. TIME may have received a Henry D. C00 た e 共 , deluge ofangry social-media 0 S NAB RUC K, G E RMANY comments 仕 01 Ⅱ Filipinos WhO were livid over former HOW CAN SUCH ARE- Colombian President César spected person like Henry Gmria's unfavorable depic- Kissinger suggest thatJared tion 0fPhilippine President Kushner's being a graduate of Rodrigo Duterte. But on be- Harvard, a businessman and halfofso many other FiIi- “ familiar with the intangible s pinos, I say congratulations ofthe President ” will make for getting it right. We are him successful in the Trump witne s sing a mind-boggling Administration? Are the se phenomenon—the fanaticism the criteria tO be adequate for over Duterte, whO, in the eyes the role? Ridiculous. Kushner me think ofthe women in AS A NURSE WHO HAS ofhis rabid supporters, seems would never have had thejob my life who were widowed at worked in bereavement care t0 be infallible. Gauria's piece of"trusted adviser ” ofany for almost 40 years, I know a young age. There were no and Samantha Power's on President were it not for his grief"manuals ” they could the face ofgriefvery well. Life Leila de Lima were spot-on. being Donald Trump's son- rely on. Yet they all did what is letting go ofwhat we think Claude Despabiladeras, in-law. There are many better they had to do under their is a given in this world. I en- qualified people t0 do the job. circumstance s and de alt with courage Sandberg t0 use the QUEZON CITY, Christina Pa Ⅳ 02 , it magnificently. What makes money made from her book THE PHILIPPINES SheryI Sandberg and TIME t0 help 0ther widows wh0 are CALUIRE-ET-CUIRE, FRANCE think the widows ofthe struggling and much p oorer I AM AMAZED THAT YOUR liSt recognized SO many in- world need a handbook from than she. They will find their I SUBSCRIBE TO TIME FORA significant people but ig- weekly digest ofworld news, her? Give me a break! strength somehow, but it nored the most significant but with so many double is - な George, might be harder because they genius alive today: Elon sues, you should perhaps re- are trying tO make ends meet PORT CHARLOTTE, FLA. Musk. SpaceX, Tesla and brand as a fortnightly maga- on a dime, not a silver dollar. SolarCity have changed the zine. NOW there's yet another I encourage her tO dO it out Of AS A PSYCHIATRIST, I COULD double issue, but this time not have given b etter grief environment. COlin Kaeper- kindne ss. Our acts of kind- nick didn't even vote in the with no news content at all. advice than that expressed ness are all that remain When U. S. presidential election. lnstead the issue iS by Sandberg. But even more we pass from this life. Tim DuClos, t0100 self-obsessed people important is tO try tO never Ma ワ A れれ W01pert, writing twee pieces about 100 take for granted the ones we LOS GATOS, CALIF. LANCASTER, PA. other self-obsessed people. love while they are alive— This is tOO much. call it "love before death. ” As NO MENTION OF ANGELA MerkeI? She is the most Michael Scott, her grief conveys, such rela- SETTING THE RECORD prominent politician in the tionships are more important LOCHCARRON, SCOTLAND STRAIGHT ln "The Beginning E. U. and instrumental in pro- than our work, as impo rtant of the End ” (ApriI 24 ) , two photo viding s anctuary for refugees. captions misstated the locations in as that work may be. TALKING ABOUT GRIEF Mosul ofa police sniper post and She was shunted aside by the RE "LIFE AFTER DEATH ” 仕 Steven Mofic, a nearby alley. They were in the likes 0fStephen Bannon and [April 24 ] : This article made Aqeedat neighborhood. MILWAUKEE P ー 0 N E E R 5 TALK TO US SENDAN EMAIL: letters@timemagazine. 00E Please dO not send attachments Send letter: Letters tO the Editor must include writer'sfull name, address 0 d home telephone, may editedfor purposes 可 cl i 収 or space, 0 れ d should be addressed to the nearest ofice: HONG KONG - TIME Magazine し e ers , 37 / F , Oxfo House, Taikoo PIace, 979 King's Road, Qu Ⅳ Bay, Hong Kong; JAPAN - TIME Magazine Letters, 2-51-27F Atago, Tokyo 1056227 卩 apan ; PIease recycle EUROPE - TIME Magazine し e e , PO Box 63444 , London, SEIP 5F 」 , UK; this magazine and remove inserts AUSTRALIA - TIME Magazine し e e , GPO Box 3873 , Sydney, NSW 2001 , AustraIia; and samples NEW ZEALAND - TIME Magazine ers , PO Box 198 , Shortland St. , AuckIand, 1140 , New ZeaIand before recycling FOLLOW US.• facebook.com/time @ti me (Twitter and lnstagram) TIME May 29 , 2017 2

The View Viewp oint Trump's aggressive moves in a sloppy game Of political chess may be his undoing By BOb Ferguson THE MOST AGGRESSIVE OPENING IN CHESS IS CALLED the King's Gambit. On the second move, White sacrifices a pawn that typically protects his king for a blitzkrieg assault on Black. lt's audacious. With no preparation, no careful groundwork,White signals his intent t0 wipe his opponent 0 仟 the board. ln the early 20th century, the King's Gambit led to many brilliant victories. But through careful preparation, grand masters discovered that they could place White on the defensive by capitalizing on weaknesses created by the aggressive opening. President Trump is playing the political version 0f the King's Gambit—and his electoral victory was certalnly an example 0f early success. But his approach leaves vulnerab ilities that undermine his attacks. Trump's first defeat—his travel ban targeting people from Muslim-majority countries—is a good example. My offlce brought a lawsuit challenging that Executive Order and, within a week, stopped it nationwide. How did we dO it? First, we studied Trump's moves and prepared. During his campaign, Trump said he wanted tO create tOtal and complete shutdown Of Muslims entering the United States. ” His adviser Rudy Giuliani explained t0 FOX News, "When he first announced it, he said, 'Muslim ban. ' He called me up. He said, 'put a commission together. ShOW me the right way t0 do it legally. ' ” Like White sacrificing a pawn on the second move, the President telegraphed his intent tO act aggressively. Once Trump t01d the nation he wanted the travel ban, we marshalled our resources and prepared arguments for the move we knew was coming. Second, we did not accept Trump's playing field as he presented it. We blunted his action by moving the field 0f battle tO the courtroom. ln that setting, Trump was on the defensive. After all, it isn't the loudest voice that prevails before a federal judge—it's the Constitution. Third, we capitalized on the weaknesses created by Trump's early moves. For example, Trump's team did little, if any, vetting of the travel ban. They failed t0 ask their own executive agencies tO review the Executive Order. ln short, it was sloppy. Additionally, we used Trump's words against him. Those statements about creating a "Muslim ban"? They became evidence ⅲ our complaint that the Executive Order was partly motivated by animus against Muslims. AFTER 、 STOPPED the president's original travel ban, Trump issued an all-caps tweet: "SEE YOU IN COURT! ” But we had already seen him in court—and defeated him there twice. His tweet revealed only one thing: that the President was playing two move s b ehind. Trump's aggressive nature will be his undoing. His firing of FBI Director James Comey is the latest egregious example. We have seen this story before: disregard for the rule 0f law. Sloppy execution with shifting rationales. A President's own Administration caught off guard. The key to restoring the rule of law is tO blunt Trump's aggre s sion and put him on the defensive. That's why I joined 19 fellow attorneys genera 1 in calling for the appointment 0f an independent special counsel tO continue Comey's work investigating Russian interference in our elections. Will see more reckless and aggressive behavior from this Administration. And I will continue t0 meet weekly with key members 0f my team tO anticipate Trump's next moves. WHEN TRUMP RECENTLY SIGNED an Executive Order de s igned tO threate n our national monuments , we were prepared. I penned a letter tO lnterior Secretary Ryan Zinke, warning that any harm tO our tre asured landmarks would run contrary tO federal precedent dating back t0 Theodore Roosevelt— and would result in legal action from my offlce. Additionally, the President recently restarted a coal-leasing program on federal land, despite his refusal to obtain an updated environmental assessment, as required by la 、 A(. Together with the attorneys general of California, New Mexico and New York, I challenged the Administration s action, filing suit in federal court. My fellow attorneys general and I will CO ntinue tO anticipate Trump's aggressive moves and hold him accountable. We will be prepared And we will counter his unlawful, ill conceived gambits. Frankly, that our j0b. We represent the first line 0f defense to uphold the rule of law What became of the King's Gambit? T0day it is rarely seen at the top levels Of international chess, because elite players know how t0 re act—by turning aggression intO weakness. Ferguson is 0 れ i れ ter 〃 0 ⅱ 0 〃 rated chess master 0 〃 d the attorney ge れ era for Washington State ALL THE WRONG MOVES President Trump has signed 36 Executive Orders in his first four months in Office. By companson, Presidents Obama and Bush 43 averaged 35 and 36 orders peryear, respectively. At a campaign rally, Trump said reversing the Trans- Pacific Partnership required the mind of a "grand chess master. And we don't have any ofthem. ' The U. S. has 93 grand masters, second only tO Russia, which has 238. S 3 トっ 3 エーート H 山己 VO 」 17

す E S 1 S [ 0 YA [ す Y PRE51DENT'S AC 0 5 AüE GOVEütKitERåT ー N51 打 U 0 5 AND に PZOPLE Televi iO S in theWe t ing were tune 0 れ Ma, 15 t0 reports that Trump ad 0 肥 d ⅲ市 g れ 02 with the Russian Foreign Mimster PHOTOG AP BY NST JONATHA BY MICHAEL SCHERER AND ALEX ALTMAN

JUNE SUMMER MOVIE PREVIEW Another big friendly giant 0 b0 b0 9 The hulking creature at the center Of the fantasticalfilm 0 町 a is friendlier than she may seem. FoIIowing his trippy Snowpiercer, Korean director Bong 」 00n - hO spins atale Ofa younggirl ()n Seo Hyun) and her strange, shy pet, Okja, whO attracts the attention Of a zoologist ( 」 ake GyIIenhaaI). When a vain CEO played by a creepy-as-ever Tilda Swinton sweeps up Okja and takes her tO New York, the girl sets out tO save her. As child- creature bonds go, this story— and its concept art—trend more toward Pan's Labyrinth than Free Wi 〃 y. The Netflix film 引 SO bridges international waters, dialogue switching between Korean and English. 0 町 a (June 28 ) 16. The mistress Of gore A Girl Ⅳ 0 s 亶 ome AIone Night director Ana LiIy Amirpour's second film, The Bad Batch, begins with cannib als' cutting 0 代 a girl's limbs (Suki Waterhouse). .The scene sets 、 the tone for a movie about misfits dumped in the desert by the government. ー lt was inspired by Amirpour's watching her orthop edic - surge on father saw 0 a patient's leg as a child. "lt 、 was him with plastic goggles sawing a man's leg 0 with a hacksaw,just like in the film. There 's no modern gadget," she says. "lt 's j ust a man sawing." Her dad consulted as she wrote, saying, "lf I were ⅲ the desert, I would saw it 0 burn the amputated nub and then put ash on it tO keep out infection ゞ ' The Bad Batch (June 23 ) Sofia Coppola's latest focuses on ahouseful ofladies during the CivilWar. But they're no Little Women. The residents ofa girls' boarding school—the headmistress (Nic01e Kidman), a teacher (Kirsten Dunst) and a young pupil (Elle Fanning)—take ⅲ a wounded Union soldier (C01in Farrell) and end up battling for his sexual attention. (lt's a remake ofthe 1971 classic starring CIint Eastwood. ) As the plot darkens, so do Coppola's signature visuals. "ln the beginning it's very romantic; ” she says. The director used a lOt offlorals and pastels t0 create "a so 代 , feminine world. ” Slowly, it transforms intO Southern GOthiC. For inspiration, Coppola looked to portraiture 仕 om the period, WiIIiam EggIeston photos and the ' 70S nature photography that informed her 1999 breakout, The 巧 r. れ Suicides. "There's alot about powerbetween male and female dynamics; ” she says ofthe new movie. "ln The Virgin Suicides, the women don't make it. But in this one they take charge ofthings. ” 4 he Begulled (June 23 ) T 工 E BEGUILED: FOCUS FEATURES; OK 」 A 】 NETF 匚 ILLUSTRATION BY CARRIE LAPOLLA FOR TIME Baby Driver's insane chases AnseI EIgort plays a getaway driver with an iPOd full of rad tunes and no fear of death. The physics Of one marquee stunt—EIgort transports three bank robbers through a narrow alley full of deadly traps—have never been seen on film, says stunt driver 」 eremy Fry. Here's how they pulled it 0 幵 : Baby Driver (June 28 17 lnflation, in lb. per SC4. 111. , Number tO keep Of takes the tires TOtaI hours of prep from gnppmg the road Angle Of t00 much rotation— in and out Of the stunt Speed, in miles per hour, at which Fry ini tiated the stunt; he came out dOing about 30 m. p. h. 46 TIME May 29 , 2017

Patrick Stewart classes up the john He began his career inthe Royal Shakespeare Company, conquered space-time in StarTrek: The Next Generation and led the X-Men tO glory. Next up: voicingthe poop emo 」 i he Em 可ー Movie ( 加ツ 28 DO you use the poop emoji often? unpleasant, SO disgusting.l did ー have used it, yes. lt's a quite at one point suggest that he explicit visual statement Of hOW should be called "Mr. Matter, you feel about something. and his first name "Fecal. ” But Of course that wouldn't go down Somebody wrote an entire 「 0 厄 with the fans so well, because, about poop? lt's not about poop, you know, he has tO be " POOP. actually, it's about an emo. 」 i That's his image, and that's his representing poop. SO there are very descriptive name. IOts Of poop-influenced jOkes in it, most Of which he makes himself, By the way, when your children actually. He's quite self-mocking, were t , did you have a which is kind ofcharming. preferred euphemism fO 「 NO. 2 ? Yes, bigjOb. HOW did you get intO character? There is no getting intO character, because lfeel as though this is a ro l've been waiting 訓 my life tO perform. ReaIIy? There are two words that l've loved since ー was young: fecal matter. lt's a phrase that lreally like, because it's SO HOW dO you make poop classy? You cast an Englishman whO's a knight Of the realm whO can speak with an upper-class accent. You cast me. 24. Christopher Nolan's war The visionary director (lnception) turns tO history in Dunkirk. The film was shOt on location at the same time Of year as, and using S01 e Of the real boats that tOOk part ⅲ , the 1940 evacuation Of AIIie d tro ops from that port. Nolan found there was no better way tO bring t0 life, at lmax scale, the hazards the troops faced— including not only Nazis but weather and the sea. "We found it challenging enough—those logistics," NOlan says. ・ 'And we didn't have anybody trying tO drop bombs on us. ” Dunkirk ( 」 y 21 ) Sci-fi's most innuential comic finally becomes a film Proof that teens make the best heroes For superhero billionaires (lron Man), geniuses (the Hulk) and gods (Thor), saving the world may be a breeze. NOt SO for Spider-Man, whO returns tO high schoolthis year. He's an average, stressed-out teenager, though he aspires tO be a member Of the Avengers instead Of captain Of the soccer team. "lt's not SO easy tO relate tO Tony Stark," says 20- yea 「 -0 Tom Holland, whO plays Spidey. "But everyone's gotten tongue-tied around a crush. " Holland watched 」 Ohn Hughes films like The Breakfast CIub tO prepare tO play Peter Parker, though he admits he needed little tutoring since he was "quite awkward in high school." Angsty teens trying tO come tO grips with their own power Often make the best heroes, like in the original X-Men movies 0 「 Kick-Ass. Holland has another in mind: "Mygoalis fo 「 [Parker] tO be my generation's Marty McFIy. " Spider-Man: Homecoming JuIy 7 One ofthe many things the French simplydo better iS comicbooks, or bandes dessinées. Take VI をれ andLaureline, createdby Pierre Christin and Jean- CIaude Méziéres in 1967 and published until 2010. lt recountedthe adventures Ofa stOic, intergalactic-time cop and his puckish side- kick, and influenced several gen- erations. George Lucas seems tO haveborrowed 仕 01n it liberally for star Wars—including thelook ofthe Millennium Falcon, princess Leia's gold bikini and beingfrozen in carbonite—as didlaterblockbusters likeIndependenceDay and TheFifth Element. But Christin and Méziéres' greatestcontributionto the genre was their novel concept Ofthe distant future as alived-in place where technologyfrequentlyfails, as well as theirvision Ofthe COS れ 10S as avastbazaar ofever stranger creatures. NOW it falls tO another Frenchman, director Luc Besson ( T e ro. 工 ussiO れ 04 Lucy), tO introduce Va ⅱ 0 れ tO anewgeneration. ′ね and the City Of a 新 0 a d 円 a e お ( 加ツ 21 )

Wonder Woman's upgraded threads Wonder Woman's outfits have been the subject of controversy over the past 76 years ( t00 revealing! t00 conservative!). As such, the costume that the Amazonian warrior as played by GaI Gadot dons in her first live-action feature was carefully crafted by costume designer Lindy Hemming (The Dark Knight). 0 れ de ′ Woman (June 2 The filmmakers wanted tO highlight her wa rrior status With real armor (rather than latex) Real-life love, rewritten Emily Gordon れ d Silicon Valley'sKumailNanjiani co-wrote 0 comedy abouttheir courtship. Ⅳ可ⅲた t GO た dO W 0 iS white, asecretfrom hisPakistaniMuslimfamily; shefellmysteriously illa れ d ル putinto medically induced coma. Then 市 gotma 汀 ie 心 The movie d bidding waratSundance, ultimately se 伍れ g 和 r $ 12 mi Ⅲ 0 れ . Here, their tips on hOW tO write 0b0 t ツ ourow れ love 0 ⅳ : Details matter : Things like Gordon's favorite brainT-shirt "don't matterto anyone but us, but they're nice , textured details we wanted tO make sure were there; ” she says. Humor earns depth : “ If there's ajOke and itworks; ” says Nanjiani, 'you buy currency you can spend in going tO an emotionally deeper place. ” Outside inputhelps: "That's howyou make it 0 story instead Ofyour story; ” says Gordon. "lt needs tO resonate with people who haven't gone through it. ' Sjnce She iS a harbinger Of peace, most Of her weapons are defensive, like bullet-blocking bracelets 10. SaIIy Hawkins' whimsy She'll charm your pants 0 then giggle conspiratorially about your pantslessness. She did it ⅲ her starmaking turn as an optimistic teacher in 2008 ' s Happy-GO- uc た切 and she does it again this summer in Maudie, playing real-life Nova S cotia folk artist Maud Lewis. As the arthritic , mpoverished, inconceivably cheerful Maudie, Hawkins hums sweet songs and dances like a little girl on the toes Of her husband. But these innocent idiosyncracies aren't childish- ness. They're born Of a sense Of wonder— which Hawkins possesses by the gallon. Maudie (June 16 ト the comics, Wonder Woman didn't get a sword and shield until th e 1980S Yes, Wonder Woman iS still in heels, because as Gadot tO TIME, "She can be bOth strong and sexy" お he Big Sick (June 23 ) 1 Oscar-worthy German shepherd When you're directing a movie that c 0- stars a dog, it helps if the canine thespian is a German shepherd. Megan Leavey tells the true story Of a U. S. Marine (Kate Mara) and her combat dog, Rex For director Gabriela Cowperthwaite it's not just the breed's history as working dogs that makes shepherds the DanieI Day-Lewis Of their species. "You're IOOk ing at this bOdy that's not that far 0 代 from a wolf, yet you're seemg a face that's full of expression," she says. "That com- bination is pretty beautiful. lt's hard tO take your eyes 0 Of them. " lMegan Leavey(June 9 45

long-standing commitments for the the FBI website. "A government bas d U. S. not to share intelligence from on individuals—who are inconsistent, allies without permission. Trump's fallible and often prone to error—too second National Security Adviser, H. R. easily leads tO tyranny on the one extreme McMaster, argued that the decision or anarchy on the Other. was "wholly appropriate; ” adding that ln practice, this means the FBI is built to resist loyalty requests from a the President did not even know the source Of the information he described televised hearing in the presence ofTIME President. Andrew McCabe, the bureau's reporters on May 8. Three days later, the acting director and a candidate for the tO the Russians. McMaster, whO wrote a book about military offcials' failure to President admitted that Comey's pursuit job, has testified t0 the Senate that there will be no letup, whatever the wishes challenge a doomed strategy in Vietnam, of the Russia investigation played a role appeared t0 be threading the needle, in hiS dismissal, after first announcing tO of the President, in the inquiry into his maintaining his loyalty t0 Trump, while the world that he was only acting on the campaign s contacts with the Russians. recommendation Ofhis Deputy Attorney "There has been Ⅱ 0 effort tO impede carefully protecting his own reputation our investigation tO date,: ” he said. "You by declining to deny the facts of the General, who faulted Comey's handling of cannot stop the men and women Of the Hillary Clinton s emails. President's actions. FBI from doing the right thing, from AII these claims have put the country And SO the Russia specter continues protecting the American people, from and its caretakers on notice. For a small ー tO descend from several directions on group 0f influential offcials, the proper upholding the Constitution. ” the executive mansion. Anger at U. S. response tO this test has been tO go public, Deputy Attorney General R0d Rosen- Attorney General Jeff Sessions' decision stein has echoed the same line. ln OfFIce tO recuse himself 仕 om the investigation albeit anonymously. A f100d 0f leaks has les s than a month, he wrote a memo urglng led Trump to tweet a false accusation resulted, allowing the national press tO Comey's firing on the grounds that the FBI that President Obama had wiretapped 血 16 Ⅱ its role as a check on the powerful. director had mishandled the investigation Similarly, officials at the nation's his campaign at Trump Tower. Trump into CIinton's emails. For less than 48 lnvestigative agencies continue tO remind has never given up that claim, even as hours, Trump adopted this memo as his evidence compounded against it. lnstead themselves Of their professional code. justification before recanting, and then "lt is significant that we take an oath tO he has argued that the entire Russia- openly citing the Russia investigati09 as support and defend the Constitution and meddling investigation is a sham—and not an individual leader, ruler, Off ℃ e or the cause. With the embarrassing episode that "wlretapping' can mean things not entity; ” reads an explainer on the oath on behind him, Rosenstein says he plans to found in the dictionary— even railing at a 21 Republican Senator B0b Corker, surrounded 妙 reporters 0 れ May 16 , sha 甲 criticized 0 White House in growing 市覊 rra. S 31 コ 3H N 一 31 の N 化 39 ・ d N08VV 3Md00 一の H3 トコ 3H 】 S30Vd S コ 0 一 > 3 d

For more on these stories, visit time.com/ideas SNAPSHOT Sweden's SOIar Egg sauna Residents ofKiruna,the northernmosttown in Sweden, routinelygoto great lengthsto staywarm. Buttheirnewgolden sauna serves a higher purpose.ln a change that has unsettled some locals, the town's city center is quite literally being moved two miles east—a relocation necessitated by the town's unstable foundation. TO ease the transition, a Swedish developercommissioned art duo Bigert& Bergstrom tO build a community meeting spotwhere people could gatherto discuss the changes. The result: SOIar Egg, a golden egg-shaped sauna thataims to promote "thoughts Of rebirth. " Ofcourse, inside it still functions like an actual sauna; a wood burner keeps the temperature between 167 and 185 —Julia Zorthian DATA THIS JUST IN A roundup Of new and noteworthy insights from the week's most talked-about studies: 0 TEENS ARE DRINKING LESS CDC data shows that the prevalence Of underage teen drinking in 2015 was 32.8 % ーー its lowest point since 1991 , when the rate was 50.8 %. 0 PEOPLE WITH HIV ARE LIVING LONGER A report in Lancet HIV that analyzed data from over 88 , 000 people in 18 cohort studies worldwide showed that people infected with HIV in recent years are living roughly 10 years longer than those whO were infected in the 1990s,Iargelythanks tO anti-HlV drugs and improved health care. The birth of the U. S. police force the first having been created ⅲ 1838 ⅲ WHEN PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY NAMED BOSton. As the city's commerce boomed, the week of May 15 as National P01ice Week, businesses campaigned tO transfer the cost Of he noted that law enforcement had been a permanent property-protecting force tO the protecting Americans since the nation's birth. citizenry, arguing that it was for the collective But in fact, the U. S. police force is not SO 01d. good. Other major U. S. cities followed suit, ln colonial times, the closest analog was prompted ⅲ part by the rise 0f organized usually avolunteer night watch. Watchmen labor and the arrival ofwaves Of immigrants. got abad rap for drinking on duty, so when Those made anxious by such changes called towns tried mandatory service, citizens would for law and order. But the rise 0f political Often pay someone else tO serve instead—・ machines and then Prohibition opened police ironically, a cnminal or a community thug, forces up tO new kinds Of corruption. says Gary POtter, a crime historian at Eastern lt was later, in Kennedy's lifetime, that a Kentucky University. The best early example movement tOOk hOld tO professionalize the oforganized policing is one today's offcers U. S. police force, which ultimately enabled might prefer not tO see as a comparison point: the system we have in place today. slave patrols, the first ofwhich was formed ⅲ the Carolina colonies in 1704. —OLIVIA B. WAXMAN police forces as we would recognize them now date tO the mid—19th century, For more on these stories, visit time.com/history 0 HISTORY EXERCISE KEEPS YOUR CELLS YOUNGER A large, multiyear study in Preventive Medicine found that people's telomeres—the parts of DNA that get shorter as we age—were significantlylonger in those WhO exercised Often, compared with those whO were sedentary. ー丿 . Z.

By 1943 , ⅲ the midst 0fWorld War Ⅱ , nearly 4 ⅲ 10 0fAmerica's nonagricultural workers were employed in manufactur- ing, producing steel, ships and aircraft for the U. S. war effort; later, such work- ers produced homes, cars and air condi- tioners for the ascendant postwar mid- dle class. The jobs were often steady and unionized, the pay good, and the require- ments rarely more than a high school di- ploma and a solid work ethic. But all that started t0 die ⅲ the early 1980S. Some 19.5 million Americans held manufacturing j0bs in 1979 , an all-time down t0 about 16.7 million. By 2024 , ac- cording tO projections from the Bureau Of Labor Statistics, Just 7.1 % Of Americans will work in manufacturing. The reasons are many, but the prime culprits are globalization and automation. ln 1991 , China accounted for 2.3 % 0fthe world's manufacturing exports. ln 2001 , the country joined the World Trade Or- ganization, and by 2013 , China's share 0f global exports was 18.8 % , according t0 a 2016 study in the A れれ u Review 0fEC0- nomics. countrie S such as Mexico and the Philippines have also increased their ex- ports. Labor in these markets tends tO be substantially cheaper than in the U. S. , and trade deals like NAFTA make it easy for American companies tO produce goods ⅲ far-flung locales. TO economists, however, America S shrinking manufacturing j obs have le s s to do with free trade than with robots. The U. S. still produces world-class air- planes, car parts and heavy machin- ery. Companies Just need fewer people tO make them. The result, according tO the Brookings lnstitution, is that whereas it tOOk 25 jObs tO generate $ 1 million in manufacturing output in 1980 , tOday it takes just 6.5 jobs. Many of the nation's factories are more productive than ever, and there is growing demand for work- ers in so-called advanced manufacturing roles. From 2013 tO 2015 , 132 , 000 such jobs were added, according t0 Brookings ・ But these positions increasingly re- quire specialized technical training after high school, with preference often going tO those with degrees in science, technol- 0 engineering and math. And the work will be less about fitting pieces together manually than overseeing the rob Ots that do it. Today, according t0 research from 34 TIME May29, 2017 ・ DO れ Zering, Rexnord's u ⅲ 0 れ rep, 砒 the United Steelworkers も oc 1999 ゞ he's worked 砒 the companyfor 44 ツ e 肝 s the Boston Consulting Group, robots per- form about 10 % Of manufacturing work around the world. By 2025 , they are pro- jected t0 account for about 25 %. "High- skill workers in factories will be managing processes; says DavidAutor, aprofessor ofeconomics at the Massachusetts lnsti- tute of Technology (MIT), "rather than showing off manual dexterity. Autor's research shows that Ameri- can workers WhO lOSt their manufactur- ing jobs as a result of trade shocks, like competition from Chinese imports, are likely to make less money and collect more disability benefits over the ensu- ing decade. He predicts a similar fate for the women and men at Rexnord. "Unless they get very lucky, there won't be an- other employer out there saying, 'Great, I can use a few more ball-bearings guys, says Autor. Even the rescued Carrier jobs may be vulnerable. ln an interview about the deal with CNBC in December, UTC chairman and CEO Greg Hayes said a $ 16 million investment tO automate tasks in the plant would ultimately reduc e the workforce. And the company is moving ahead with the closure 0f another plant in Huntington, lnd. , which workers had 0 House Speaker Paul Ryan, as part of the on domestic sales and imports favored by cluding the bo rder adj ustment tax, a levy his Rexnord tweet, has Trump backed in- has been in place since 1994. Nor, despite agreement among the three nations that want tO re negotiate the sweep ing trade not t0 terminate NAFTA, though he does ers 0fCanada and Mexico, he has agreed mies. And after consulting with the lead- between the world's two largest econo- the value Of the strategic relationship manipulator, a sign that he recognizes longer publicly calls China a currency Sive stances on trade. The president Ⅱ 0 has softened some Of his most aggres- the nation S economic carnage, Trump But after pledging to put an end to ofbusiness-friendly Cabinet Secretaries. ln addition, he has appointed a number tions in the name ofspurringJ0b growth. and workplace safety reporting regula- rolled back Obama-era environmental Australia and Japan. The President also ment among a dozen countries including Partnership, the 2016 free-trade agree- pulling the U. S. out 0f the Trans-Pacific most notable move on trade has been SO far, the Trump Administration's Reagan, Clinton and George 、 M. Bush. workplace commissions under Presidents town's carnevale, WhO served on national Ⅱ 0 easy way out 0f this; ” says George- some 700 people will be laid 0 圧 deal. When it shutters by early next year, hoped would be included in the Trump

necks run $ 1 on special. Between shifts recently, TJ Bray and Kyle Beaman set- tled intO a booth there tO unwind. Bea- man, 62 , worked in quality control at Rexnord, while Bray, 33 , started working at Carrier 15 years ago, one day before his high school graduation. A year ago, Bray thought he would be the one out of a jOb. Carrier's parent company, United Technologies (UTC), announced plans tO close its lndianap- Olis plant and move its jObs tO Monter- rey, Mexico. Then Trump got involved. At campaign rallies, the candidate re- lentlessly hammered the company as a j ob killer, turning Carrier into a symbol of the devastation he said globalization had wreaked on the nation's workers. After Trump was elected, UTC, which has done billions of dollars in business with the Department Of Defense, agreed tO keep union jObs in lndianapolis in ex- change for a tax-incentive package and; presumably, an end t0 the President's bar- rage. "I am thankful t0 the President for what he did; ” says Bray. But even grateful workers worry that their paychecks may not survive futur rounds ofautomation or COSt cutting. Tor rie Bennett, a 13-year plant veteran, sa the mood at Carrier now "is like being in an ugly relationship. They've said they want tO leave you. SO you're on guard. ' Trump's intervention reinforced the expectation that he can prevent Other companies from moving manufacturing jobs overseas. Asked what he would say to the President ifhe had the chance, Bea- in a statement. But the company, which man, who worked his last day at Rexnord in April, is frank: "Can you help us? lfyou netted $ 68 million ⅲ the 2016 fiscal year, noted that "diff ℃ ult decisions are a part can't help us, be man enough t0 tell us. A lot ofpeople are banking on this. Donald oftoday's business environment. TO be a viable company that contributes tO eco- Trump, can you save us? ” nomic growth, we must meet customers needs with high-quality products at com- But that 、ⅵⅡ not revive an entire way AMERICA'S MANUFACTURING roots reach back almost to the dawn of the of life ⅲ the Midwest—or address the petitlve prices. host ofknotty economic, social and politi- nation. Samuel Slater, a cotton spin- If Trump's Carrier deal was a reminder ner's apprentice from England, opened of how the bully pulpit could be used to cal issues that come with its demise. "The what's considered tO be America's first make the private sector bend, Rexnord's blue collar life is all l've known; ” Bousum closure shows itS limits—and Offers a says, drawing from his glass of whiskey. textile factory in Pawtucket, R. I. , in 1790. lesson in the challenges Of reversing a 'How the hell am I going to survive? ” Nine children pushed foot treadles to global economic trend decades in the make spindles 0f yarn. From that tiny making. When Trump tweeted about V V WORKPLACE has a third place, operation grew tens ofthousands Offac- Rexnord again, on May 7 , he said the deal where colleagues go tO celebrate a pro- tories making everything from the ce- tO leave the country was made during his motion, toast a retirement or simply ment lining the Erie Canal tO the tracks predecessor's Administration, and alluded blow off steam. For many at Carrier and for the transcontinental railro ad tO the Rexnord, that place is Sully's, a sports bar assembly-line M0del Ts that ushered in t0 levying "big" taxes on the Mexico-made across from the Carrier plant, where long- the automobile age. goods the company will sell ⅲ the U. S. 」一製当」 4 主麕雪ヨーを目 = After 58 ア ears ofmanufacturing bearings at this をれ west 加 d 0 0 石 s , Rexnord is moving its operations tO Monterrey, Mexico る 3