Newsweek F E B R UAR Y 2 自 , 2 0 17 / v 0L . 16 8 / N 0 . 0 7 ー N T E R N A T ー 0 N A L 十 HANDS OFINNO- CENCE: ChiIdren in San Francisco pledge allegiance in 1942. 0 Russia Putin's Poison 20 CoIIeges ・ Zombie Boys in Black Masks' 18 」鬢ーまを - を N E W W O R L D EboIa ViraI Triage 46 05 MindYourBusiness COWS Brave M00 World 50 PharmaceuticaI Pilloried Grass Getting Bent Over Bentgrass 24 Attacking AIzheimer's Researchers have a bold new strategy for beating the dreaded disease: Stop it before it starts. 切 / た Do / 〃 Round 'Em Up 49 52 D E P A R T M E N T S F E AT U R E S W E E K E N D 引 G S H 〇 T S 54 The PIace to Be Washington, D. C. lnterview Maarten Baas 60 Books Mario Testino, Peter Bazalgette, Yiyun Li Screening Room Big Little Lies 63 Radar Sun Kil Moon 64 Parting Shot White Rhino, Namibia 2015 Bucharest, Romania Social Democrat Unrest Washington, D. C. Unsigned Opinion GreenviIIe, South CaroIina Homels Where the Bark FareweII Spit, New Zealand The Tide That Binds 4 56 6 8 34 With President Trump calling for a border wall, a ban on Muslims, mass depoftations and black site pnsons, what better time tO visit Manzanar, where J 叩 anese-Americans were confined based solely on race. 切爿んⅣ 0 “〃 62 10 P A G EO N E 12 Trump Resistance lsn't Futile Yemen Guns and Mothers 30NV V3 工 10d00 COVER CREDIT: ILLUSTRATION BY NAEBLYS/SHUTTERSTOCK Newsweek 0SSN2052-1081 ) , is published weekly except one week in 」 anuary, 」 u ツ , August and October. Newsweek (EMEA) is published by Newsweek Ltd (part Of the 旧 T Media Group Ltd), 25 Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 5LQ, UK. Printed by Quad/Graphics Europe Sp z 0.0. , Wyszkow, P01and For ArticIe Reprints. Permissions and Licensing www.旧Treprints.com/Newsweek FORMOREHEADLINES, GOTO NEWSWEEK ℃ OM 16 1 N E W S W E E K 0 2 / 2 4 / 2 017

But I wouldn't say it was surprising. ” He'd been expected t0 have Alzheimer's long before death, and saymg prevention has a better shOt Of success than I haven t yet, says Blackerby, 82 , a retired technical writer whose mother died from the disease, as did treatment for years. Another leading prevention proponent is Dr. Paul her three siblings. "lf l'm going to have it, I want to AISen , a neurologistvvho¯difeets-th€Älzheimer's e lnvolved ⅲー the study to try to keepothers,e The rapeutic Re se arch lnstitute at the Unive rsity Of cially my descendants, from having to go through the hell l've seen family members go through ・ Southern California. ln 2014 , Aisen teamed up with Sperling for a 1,150-person trial called A4. Short for Last December, Blackerby drove more than 100 miles from his home in southern Oklahoma to the Anti Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzhei- mer's, A4 tests solanezumab for prevention. The University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center drug iS given tO semors WhO have no signs ofdemen- in Dallas to receive his first infusion. He will make this same four-hour round-trip trek every month for tia but d0 have elevated amyloid levels, as measured by a PET scan ofthe brain. lt is looking for changes the next three years. over a 39-month periOd in cognitive function, self- For Don, a retired insurance agent, the motiva- c are abilitie s, brain tissue he alth and Othe r indic ators tion tO participate in A4 was his partner, Fran. He first noticed her Alzheimer's four years ago when he arrived at her house expectmg a dinner ofmeat stew, only t0 find a ne ar- empty pot. "She had remembered the onions, ” he recalls. "But she had forgotten everything else ・ Don (who asked that his last name not be used because he didn't want tO come across as self-promotional) tried to enroll Fran in A4, but her disease was t00 far advanced. Only he was eligible—a PET scan showed he had the hallmark amyloid logjam in his brain. He started gettlng infusions last fall at Brigham and Women s Hospital in BOSton. On a rainy day in late Novem- ber, Don, with a plaid-blue shirt sleeve rolled up past the elbow and an IV catheter in his right arm, remmisced about meeting Fran mne ye ars ago at a single S dance at Vincent's Nightclub EXPENSIVE in the suburbs south Of Boston. FAILURE: He's mild-mannered and surprisingly youthful for of Alzheimer's. "we still need to find out what the About 5.4 million Amer- benefits and risks are ' in patients not yet showing a 76-year-01d, gray-haired grandfather who raised icans suffer symptoms, Aisen says. SiX children on hiS own after hiS Wife died in a car from AIzhei- ー第 e 「 ' S. け no The trial asks a lot of its participants. A4 subjects crash 33 years ago. He beams when he talks about therapies are must be willing tO come tO a hospital once a month Fran retaining her sense Of humor and ability tO found soon, that number for more than three years tO recelve infusions con- play tennis, but he turns solemn when he describes is expected tO an unproven medicine for a disease they hOW it tOOk four tries tO explain tO her why he was triple by 2050 , don't have and might not get. There's no guarantee going t0 the hospital today. "She knows," he says at which point the cost of 0f benefit or even safety. And the trial is not partic- "but she forgets ・ care could top larly remunerative. Some participants can receive while .he's talking, a nurse comes tO deliver the $ 2 trillio up t0 $ 2 , 480 ifthey complete all the study protocols, saline flush that always follows Don s infusion. She including tW0 PET scans, four MRI scans, tW0 spinal introduces herself, although Don recognizes her from a prevlous visit. I can't forget your face, ” he taps and 42 infusion visits. But many dO not get any t01d you, You 100k just like mycousin ・ ' compensatlon, un ess you coun par lng validation. The amyloid in Don's brain has clearly not None of that dissuaded Jerry BIackerby from taking part in A4. "With my family history, I have impaired his memory, but it's there. And perhaps S01 0 (Z) dV 乙 0 コ > NVAA NEWSWEEK 31 02 / 24 / 2017

I expect the treatment effect tO be larger in an ear- the therapy he is receiving will halt further damage ・ lier stage ofdisease. " Results ofthe A4 study WIII be Or perhaps he will suffer the same fate as Fran. "I worry for myself. I worry for my kids. But I try not t0 known ln 2020. think t00 much about that, ” he says.'Right now, I Until then, EIi LiIIy is continuing to support A4 have t00 many obligations. and DIAN-TU, the two prevention trials that include solanezumab, but the company has already signaled that it plans tO focus on other therapies. Many aca- demiCS in prevention research are beginning tO con- G 0 0 0 G E N E S sider Other drugs t00. They are still committed to ー N N 0 R WAY prevention; they just want tO determine which ofthe AISEN, the A4 investigator, IS optlmistic about SOlan- anti-amyloid drugs works best. ezumab as a preventlve medicine. ln announcing the Last December, Bateman and his collaborators failure ofthe drug for symptomatic Alzheimer's at a announced they were adding a third drug to the maJOr scientific meeting late last year, he tOld a room DIAN-TU study, one that blocks the beta-secretase 血Ⅱ of doctors, neuroscientists and drug executives, enzyme responsible for producing amyloid. AISO, NEWSWEEK 32 02 / 24 / 2017

P A G E 0 N E / R U S S I A SPYTALK PUTIN'S PO ON The poisonin Of a Russian dissident is one Of more t an 30 suspicious attacks linked to VIadimir Putin and his cronies THE LIST of victims laid at the feet of vladimir Putin has gotten so long now that you need a chart to keep track of them. T00 bad BiII O'Reilly didn't have one in hand when Donald Trump brushed 0 代 the Fox News host's remark that putin and his cronies are "killers. But a chart is Just what the Association of For- mer lntelligence Off1cers produced in a recent edition ofits quarterly bulletin, The 加〃れ c . TO be sure, AFIO, which represents 4 , 500 for- mer CIA, FBI and military intelligence veterans, is steeped in C01d War hatred for the Krem- lin, but even if its chart is 0 代 by half, the list of Moscow s suspected victims would be grimly impressive.• There are over 30 names on the liSt. Peter Oleson, a former assistant director of the Defense lntelligence Agency, put the list together before longtime KremIin critic VIad- imir Kara-Murza fell deathly ill from poison in a Moscow hospital in February. And before a former KGB general, Oleg Erovinkin, was found dead in the back ofhis car in Moscow the day after Christmas. Erovinkin was suspected of being a source for Christopher steele, the ex-British intelligence offcer who assembled the notorious golden shower ' memorandum on alleged connections between President Don- ald Trump s camp and the Russian president. Steele has gone underground, and consider- ing the number ofdissidents, defectors, journal- ists, disaffected former putin cronles and rivals 当 @SpyTaIker ↓ : ' 0 00 BY 」 EFF STEIN NEWSWEEK 18 02 / 24 / 2017

も勢す W ほ H P R E D E N T T R IJ M P C A L 凵 N G FO R A B O R D E R WA L L , A B A N O N M U S 凵 M S , M A S S D E P 〇 R TATI O N S A N D B L AC K S げ E P R 旧 O N S , W H AT B E T T E R M E T O Ⅵ S げ M A N Z A N A R W H E R E 」 A PA N E S E-A M E R ℃ A N S W E R E C 〇 N F 爪 E D B A S E D S O L E LY 〇 N R AC E B Y

LAN KA VA SINGLE MALT WHISKY Kavalan Distillery Reaches Another Milestone VA ー - し AN CAR ! " WAORED'S'BEST 、 WHISKY " iYEÄRS IN NROW VA 2015 World's Best Single Malt Whisky Kavalan SOIist VINHO Barrique Five-time Winner of the IWSC Trophy for 'Spirits Producer of The a ヾ、を & SP, / Ⅳト ASIA PACIFIC WORLDWIDE WHISKEY SPIRITS PRODUCER ・ PRODUCER OF THE YEAR 】き 04 、 04P 〔『 04 、 IWSC TROPHY IWSC TROPHY IWSC TROPHY 2012 IWSC TROPHY 囈ツ - 2015 2013 2011 Asia Pacific Asia Pacific Spirits Producer Spirits Producer Asia Pacific 鬚 Spirits Producer 朝Ⅳト WORLD WHISKIES AWARDS WORLD ・ S BE ST SINGLE MALT WHISKY Ⅵ、 0 )OLIST 、 3 に . 7 ( ヨい 556 ・、、国。 1 紀ト・ 2016 World's Best Single Cask Single Malt Whisky Kavalan SOIist AmontiIIad0 WORLD WHISKIES AWARDS WORD ・ S BEST SINGLE CASK SINGLE MALT 2015 No. 1 2016 NO. 1 PIease dtink responsibly

N E W WO R L D / G R A S S GETTING BENT OVER BENTGRASS USDA a rees to not regulate genetically THIS IS the storyofan Oregon weed that nobody's high on. ln tWO areas 0f the state, and in nearby ldaho, a genetically modified (GM), weedy grass has spread beyond fields where it was grown by contractors affliate d with SCOtts Miracle - Gro, which developed it beginning in the 1990S in collaboration with Monsanto. Over more than a decade, SC0tts has spent millions trymg and failing t0 eradicate the plant, known as creepmg bentgrass, which is genetically modified t0 be reslstant tO the herbicide Roundup. ln mid-January, the U. S. Department 0f Agn- culture 's Animal and plant He alth lnspection Service (APHIS) announced it would deregulate the plant. This me ans S cotts could be free t0 bring the grass tO market, though it has vowed not tO dO so. lt also means the company W111 no longer be legally reqmred t0 pay t0 clean up the grass after 2017 , though it has promised t0 d0 SO. The move has been opposed by a W1de swath of individuals and organizations, and b0th the Ore- gon and ldaho departments 0f agnculture came out strongly against deregulation because Of its pote ntial impact on farmers and the emnron- ment. Oregon SenatorJeff Merkley also opposed it; spokeswoman Martina McLennan wrote an email that "uncontained GM crops that escape intO neighboring fields or waterways can pose a serious threat t0 the livelihoods ofnearby farmers and ranchers, not tO mention being a COStly nul- sance tO the entire community. Many local farmers fear the grass could get ont0 their land and taint their crops, which are tested for introduced genes before being sold t0 China, the European Union and Other areas that are averse t0 genetically modified organisms. If that happens, farmers wouldn't be able t0 sell their crops internationally, which could be devastating, says Jerry Erstrom, a farmer southeastern Ore- gon's Malheur County. The grass first spread in 2003 , ln north-central Oregon's Jefferson County, when windstorms blew seeds as far as 13 miles beyond where they were planted and intO such areas as the Crooked River National Grassland. ln 2010 , the grass Jumped 仕 om fields ⅲ ldaho, where the company was growmg it, ontO land in Malheur County, across the Snake River and intO Oregon. lt is now found in irngation ditche s in p art Of Malheur, where Monty Culbertson, manager of a large imgation pr0Ject in the county, says the grass IS scattered on about 20 square miles. And it S spread over a similar-sized area in Jefferson County. Jim King, senIOr vice president Of cor- porate affairs with SCOtts, says that last spring the company located 400 locations where the grass is still growing in Malheur, though some local farm- ers dispute that number, saymg it is higher. "We remain confide nt in the te chnology [meaning the grass] , the safety ofthe technology, and we don't believe it will have an impact on the envlron- ment," K1ng says ・ Creeping bentgrass needs a ste ady supply 0f water, and forthis reason it has been found almost exclusively in imgation ditches. This presents a problem, however—only Roundup is approved t0 BY DOUGLAS MAIN 当 @Douglas Main NEWSWEEK 52 02 / 24 / 2017

ETTING youRdegree ShOW on fire iS not, perhaps, a smart move. But that's exactly what the Dutch designer Maarten Baas did in 2002 , at the end of his last year at the NetherIands' renowned Design Acad- emy Eindhoven. For his degree-show collec- tion, S 襯 0 たら Baas t00k a blowtorch t0 pieces 0f secondhand furniture—which included some serious Baroque antiques alongside flea mar- ket junk—and then painted the charred results with epoxy resin. Halfusable pieces offurniture, half art, S 襯 0 was an instant success with the industry: ln 2003 , the Dutch furniture manufac- turer M000i began producing versions Of three chairs and a candelabra, which it still sells today. Before long Baas was torching grand pianos, high-back chairs by Charles Rennie Mackintosh and the classic 'zigzag' chair by Gerrit Rietveld, and high-end dealers were keen to sell his lim- ited editions. Baas has been breaking rules ever since—as hiS first maJOr retrospective, which opens in February at the Groninger Museum ln the Netherlands, will attest. Despite beingone 0fthe design industry s most recognizable and collectible names—his pieces BY are fe ature d in the colle ctions Of the Victona TO M & Albert Museum in London, the Museum of MORRIS BRONZE MEDAL: Baas, with a hand- welded chair from hiS new collection Of art-as-furniture, Carapace.

SC1ence mitlatives at the Alzheimer's Associat10n. of smoke—and the same could be true of when to That's what pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly deliver anti-amyloid drug the rapies ・ did in its latest trial ofsolanezumab, the drug whose trial failure before Thanksgiving had so saddened Reiswig. Lilly ha prevwus y teste SO anezuma H リ N 0 R E 0 S 0 F tWO huge studies, each involving more than 1 , 000 B ーしし一 0 N S し 0 S T presumed Alzheimer's patients. After those trials 0 THREE OF THE FIVE prevention trials are g1V1ng ended in failure, however, the company conducted drugs t0 elderly individual s wh0 are still cognitively PET scans and realized that up to one-third of its normal but have a high chance ofdeveloping Alzhei- study subjects didn't have the disease. SO Lilly tried mer's, either because Of elevated amyloid levels in again with only people who had confirmed amyloid their brains or because they inherited a risk-factor in their brains. The company also focused on only gene called APOE4. ln either case, the disease is by those with mild forms ofthe disease. Alas, the third no means a foregone conclusion for these subjects. trial was a flop t00. NOt SO in the Other tWO studies, which focus on Maybe solanezumab is a bad drug. However, those rare kin groups in which doctors know with the trials it did target amyloid as it was supposed t0, certainty, because 0f gene testing, wh0 will develop and it modestly outperformed a placebo by a range Alzheimer s in each family and at roughly what age ・ One such trial, led by the Banner Alzheimer's lnsti- "People would die of tute ⅲ phoenix, is being done in Colombia because ball r()()m danclng instead Of in it include s the world's largest known family with a mutation that triggers early Alzheimer's disease. nursing homes. The second study, run by the Dominantly lnherited Alzheimer Network TriaIs Unit (DIAN-TU) 0fWash- ington Umversity in St. Louis , include s the Reiswigs and more than 50 other families like them. ofcognitive and functional measures in clinical test- ing, even if it didn't meet the threshold needed for For us, the hope is that we re going tO stave 0 代 the damage and delay the onset of symptoms," says marketing approval. That's why Sperling and others are holding out hope for another explanation: that Reismg s second cousin Brian Whitney, whO knows he carries his family's Alzheimer s mutation. At solanezumab was simply given t00 far along in the 44 , he will soon develop Alzheimer 's if the therapy disease process, after irreparable harm has already he's recewing doesn t work. His hope for a long life occurred in the brain. If that's the case, it might hinges on DIAN-TU. prove 1 れ ore useful ifgiven sooner. 'l'm afraid that even by the stage 0f ve Ⅳ mild dementla, you've already lost 70 percent 0f the key neurons in the memory regions Of the brain," sper- ling says. "Ultimately, we need tO start treating peo- ple before there are symptoms ・ Researchers now know that amyloid starts tO accumulate in the brain at least a decade or tWO before the onset 0f cognitive problems. This stage Of the disease is referred tO by experts as pre-clin- ical Alzheimer's," although few people who qualify for this diagnostic label realize they have a problem. Dr. Jason Karlawish, a geriatrician WhO co-directs the University Of Pennsylvania's Memory Center, describes this as a real conceptual shift ” in our understanding Of the disease. Someday, you won t have to be demented to be diagnosed with Alzhei- mer's disease," he says. DIAN-TU s is a two-m-one study that s testing What's happemng in this early stage 0fAlzheimer s a pair Of different experimental therapies for their can be likene d t0 the kindling that starts a house fire. ability t0 keep Alzheimer s at bay. Participants don t Amy10id plaques slowly smolder foryears, consummg know iftheir getting a placebo or not, but they know the neuronal tinder in our brains. By the time demen- which Ofthe two drugs they are receiving otherwise. tla c s m, e e IS ragmg anditktoolatetosave ・ th hitney;i€s a Ro che drug called ganteneruma , and in Reiswig s case, it's Eli Lilly's solanezumab. house. Calling ⅲ firefighters at that point is a waste Of Both 曾 ug 、 target the amyloid protein behind time and money. You need t0 dial 911 at the first signs N ー S 駅′・ K 29 02 / 24 / 2017 LIFE BECOMES HER: A new aggress•ve attempt to prevent AIzhei- —mer's rather than treat- ing it is the most exciting development in the field in decades. INITIATIVE S 31 コ 3d7033d NOSV 「畄 08 コ OS 30N310S/SnYHVl•N vnnsun 洋」 3 コ b'N08A HEALTH ON EARTH: Ameri- can taxpayers are ponytng up tens of millions of dollars fo 「 trials as part of the U.S. :s na IOna p an tO prevent 0 「 treat AIzhei- mer's by 2025.

One ⅲ every five Medicare Alzheimer's but dO SO in different ways: Roche's gan- tenerumab breaks up the amyloid plaques that can dollars iS IÄ()W S ent ()IÄ P00P10 、 ith 0i0 、 0 パ 00d spur neuron death; Eli Lilly's solanezumab leaves plaques alone but can mop up free-floating protein tO prevent further plaque formation. other dementias. ln 2 ( ) 5 ( ) , れ will Solanezumab thus operates like an outreach coun- be one ⅲ every three dollars. selor wh0 helps take crime-prone youth 0 代 the stre ets of a grafflti-filled neighborhood. If the kids aren t left to form gangs, they won t vandalize the are a any further. The drug, by eliminating scattered amyloid, With Alzheimer S reqture around-the-clock care— stops the deuant proteins 仕 om clumping together and more than one-third Of all dementia caregivers and forming additional brain- destroying plaques ・ develop clinical depresslon. That's the idea, but researchers don't yet know As Gregory Petsk0, director of the Appel Alzhei- mer's Disease Research lnstitute at Weill Cornell whether a drug that has failed time and again as a treatment for Alzheimer S can prevent it. Some Medicine in New York City, says, Pretty much experts remain skeptical. They argue that further studies on anti-amyloid drugs are a waste when what is really needed are new therapeutic strategies—and that anyone whO still sees prom- 1Se solanezumab because it beat a placebo by some tiny amount is guilty 0f spin and wishful thinking ・ We re treating asymptomatic people with a drug that has no evidence whatsoever ofeffcacy, says Peter DaVles, a neurosclen- tist whO dire cts the Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease at the Feinstein lnstitute for Medical Research. "You might as well give them asprin. But the federal government cle arly thinks the trials are worth- while. ln addition to funding from drug compames and philan- thropies, taxpayers are ponymg MIND CRAFT: up tens of millions 0f dollars for drug therapy these trials as part 0f the country's national plan to every family is going t0 have a relative affected by can push back the onslaught effectively prevent or treat AIzheimer's by 2025. Alzheimer s, and that's going to change the way of Alzheimer's The consequences offailure could be dire. Approx- we live, the way we think, the way we plan for our by five tO 10 years, many imately 5.4 million Americans suffer from Alzhei- future—everything. more people mer s, and if no disease-delaying therapies are could avoid such an ago- found soon, that number is expected to nearly triple nizing end. by 2050 , at which point the cost Of treating and car- CA N ' T F 0 R G E T ing for all those people could top $ 2 trillion per year, YO U R FA C E ' after adjusting for inflation. That's up from $ 236 bil- 0 lion tOday. One in every five Medicare dollars is now DR. RANDALL BATEMAN had no warning the latest spent on people with Alzheimer's and other demen- solanezumab trial was going tO be a failure. He was tias. ln 2050 , it will be one 1n every three dollars. And racing around the house dOing chores in anticipa- those figures don't even include the hundreds of tion 0f a big family dinner last Thanksgiving when billions more in lost wages for family members wh0 he received an early-morning phone call on Novem- ber 23 from executives at Eli Lilly. was extremely take time away from their jObs tO care for loved ones. disappointed," says Bateman, who leads DIAN-TU. lt's not a question Ofa day 0 伍 now and again. People NEWSWEEK 30 02 / 24 / 2017