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one 0f the president's big campalgn promises, he ment company Mithril Capital, publicly supports eliminating a large p art 0f the drug approval pro- has abandoned it. Without the power to limlt pnc- cess; namely, phase II and lll clinical trials, which lng or more restnctlve patent laws, Sebelius notes, test effectiveness. The rationale is that would it is unclear how the federal government could shave several years and millions 0f dollars 0 a have anylmpact on dnng costs. 、 I m b3ffed]I ave company S lnvestment in expermental products. no idea what it is that is intended tO actually cause But that is unlikely t0 reduce pnces, says James drug prices t0 go down," she says. Love, dire ctor Of Knowledge Economy lnterna- Although Trump insiste d he would force for- tional, a nonprofit re search orgamz ation focused eign countries t0 pay more for U. S. -manufactured on vulnerable populations, because, "the し S. drugs tO lower pnces, Love believes this is an lets companies charge whatever they want here. lmpos sible demand. Many fore ign governments ln 0ther words, the price does not depend on the have the power tO negotlate pnces or refuse tO up-front investment. And, says Winston Wong, make drugs available on the basis of price. That means they can't be easily pushed int0 payng WhO iS a consultant tO pnvate lnsurers, the govern- ment lacks the means tO force drug companies tO more. And anyway, says Love, who was mtegral ⅲ lower prices if development costs drop. He adds that pharmaceutical companies are looking for a less ngorous approval process. He alSO points "THERE'S JUST NO out that te sting for safety only and not benefit—as Phase Ⅱ and III trials do—could accomplish the RELATIONSHIP opposite goal. "we could potentially be spending BE ハ VEEN THE PRICE more for the rapie s that are totally useless. Lowering manufacturing COStS reduce OF A DRUG AND Ⅵ外・ IAT drug costs, says Mike Kelly, CEO 0f Kantar IT COSTS TO MAKE." Health, a pharmaceutical industry consulting company. "The cost 0f manufacturing a drug is infinitesimal compared tO what it gets priced at, he says. Moreover, the dramatic price difference bringing $l-per-day AIDS drugs t0 lndia ⅲ 2001 , between branded and generic drugs underscores that point, says Love. Branded drugs are, on increasing foreign pnces would have no bear- average, 32 tlmes 1 れ ore expensive than genencs. lng on what Americans pay. Pharma charges as "There's just no relationship between the price Of much as they can, everywhere they can. a drug and what it costs tO make. He notes that many proposed methods 0f cut- Kathle en S ebelius, secretary 0f he alth and ting drug costs would hurt patlents in the U. S. human services from 2009 tO 2014 , says that and globally, whether through reduced access or without any ability tO negotlate or llmit prices, diminished scientific scrutiny. His ideas, mod- the federal government is unlikely t0 succeed in eled on hOW foreign governments control costs, lowering them. Medicare, the federally funded include thre atenmg companie s with the loss 0f their monopoly if prices aren't reduced. insurance provider for people age 65 older (and the single biggest drug purchaser in the coun- Sebelius emphasizes that, despite the cost and try), is prohibited by law from negotiating pnces ・ reuew tlme, most new drugs emerge in the U. S. And unlike many other countries, the し S. has no But she dispute s claims by the pharmaceutical entity with the power tO control prices. industry that re strainlng its ability tO make a profit Sebelius also points to the lack of oversight on would slow innovation. She points out that the other aspects ofpricing. lmproving the laws that money spent on direct-to-consumer advertismg surround patents and the loopholes that enable of prescnption drugs—which federal law made companies tO evergreen" their drugs (that is, possible ⅲ the 1990S and is forbidden ⅲ most extend the patent life without making sub stan- countnes—ls recouped through s ales and leads tive change s) —as well as preve nting unwarrante d Americans toward purchasmg the more expen- spikes in generic drug pnces (see Martin Shkreli's sive drug. 'Without government intervention, she Darapnm or Mylan's Epipen) from entering the says, market strategies tO force down prlces will not wo ⅸ . 'They may be fine for compames, says market—could all promote competition, she says. S ebelius, “ but they don't benefit consumers in the None ofthese measures have been publicly pro- osed by the Trump administration. TO the con- U. S. or anyplace else in the world. trary, the president has repeatedly vowe t0 curta ln s ort, e c angesthatmany peoplebelieve would reduce drug pnces are the very ones not on government regulation. And although granting the table—at le ast not publicly. ロ Medicare the ability to negotiate drug pnces was DRUG-ADDLED: lndustry experts say Trump's proposals tO elim- inate rules fO 「 test i ng new d rugs could put more ineffective drugs on the market. 十 ÅL に 9 、 S 工 OVS NOH NEWSWEEK 51 02 / 24 / 2017

P A G E 0 N E / C 0 L L E G E S ー ツ OM 引 E BOYS IN BLACK MASKS' lnside the black bloc, the decades-old violent tactic that divides liberals and wreaked havoc at Berkeley IT WAS THE first black bloc for Neil Lawrence, a third-year undergraduate student at the Uni- versity 0f California, Berkeley. He had demon- strated with Black Lives Matter and seen people in bandannas ShOW up at events and smash things. But after the Berkeley College Republi- cans announced controversial Breitbart News editor Mi10 Yiannopoulos would be speaking on campus, Lawrence decided it was time for a more aggressive form Of protest. "lt became clear tO me and my close friends that the tone Of living in America iS changing, and in order tO stop being scared, we started organizmg," he says. I, a transgender Jew, don't have a prob- lem with violence against fascists. Through a friend who was involved in the local Antifa (anti-fascist) group, Lawrence learned activists were planning a black bloc. AS a 5-feet-2-inch person whO has never been in a fight, he says he wanted the safety that comes from being part Of an anonymous mob. On February 1 , hours before Yiannopoulos was about tO speak, Lawrence and around 150 Oth- ers gathered offcampus where Antifa told them tO meet. They got their gear and outfits ready. He was dressed in all black and had a T-shirt wrapped around his face, leaving a slit for his eyes. A person with a megaphone told the group the route they'd be marching, and they set 0 伍 toward campus. Along the way, they chanted, "NO borders, no nations, fuck deportation. Lawrence didn't carry anything, but others had flags and projectiles. Berkeley students had spent weeks planning a nonviolent protest. They gathered outside the venue where Yiannopoulos would be speaking, wavmg signs and calling for the event to be shut down. And then the black bloc showed up. They clashed with the police and Yiannopou- 10S supporters. They set fires, threw M010t0V cocktails and smashed windows. One of them pepper-sprayed a woman as a reporter inter- viewed her. Off campus, they vandalized shops and halted traffc. At around 9 p. m. , the univer- sity canceled the event, but the demonstrations continued for several hours, until those dressed in black slipped into the night. Campus police made JLlSt one arrest. The demonstrators caused an estimated $ 100 , 000 in damage on campus, the university said, and an additional $ 400 , 000 to $ 500 , 000 elsewhere, according to Downtown Berkeley Association CEO John Caner. The school has tried tO distance student activists from these more aggressive ones, describing the latter in a statement as agitators who invaded the cam- pus and disrupted nearly 1 , 500 peaceful protest- ers. " Others have said students were among the masked ones. President Donald Trump called the demonstrators professional anarchists thugs and paid protesters" and implied that the university should lose federal funding. BY MAX KUTNER 当 @maxkutner NEWSWEEK 20 02 / 24 / 2017

an opimon piece for the student newspaper, 'TO World Trade Organization conference in Seattle, people with platforms wh0 decide when a protest when activists used sledgehammers, eggs filled should and should not be viole nt: You spe ak 仕 om with glass-etching solution and Other equlpment. a place ofimmense privilege. The people who use black blocs are generally Others on the le 代 condemned the tactics. For affliate d with anarchist or anti-fascist move - ments, whose members Often overlap, despite Berkeley-area actiVISts, the event was an unwel- come reminder Ofthe divisions black blOCS caused some ideological differences. One activist has said that this country S anarchist movement was during the Occupy movement ye ars ago ・ lt got reborn after that event , and that anarchism really nasty, one Occupy organizer recalled in now 。 is always going tO be married t0 the Black the Sa 〃 Francisco Chronicle after the recent UC Berkeley demonstration. "A 10t ofmy friends and BIOC tactic. ” Though evidence ofright-wmg act1V- ists using the strategy is sparse, Craig Toennies, other people dropped out [of Occupy] because they were afraid. ” Another loc al activist told the a member 0f the anarchist colle ctive O ccupy LOS Angeles Anti Social Media (OLAASM) and a past newspaper, Bre aking wmdows and fighting with black bloc participant, says by email that "black police is not what we're about. ' Journalist Chris Hedges once called black bloc participants "the blocs are merely a tactic and can be replicated by anyone, anywhere and at any time. cancer ofthe Occupy movement... [who] confuse The Trump presidency has brought more visi- acts 0f petty vandalism and a repellent cynicism bility for people who use black blocs. The person with revolution. And Scott Adams, creator Of dressed in black who punched "alt-right ” leader the D 〃な comic strip, a UC BerkeIey graduate school alumnus and a self-proclaime d 。 ultra- Richard Spencer on lnauguration Day in Janu- liberal," wrote after the incident, referring to ary was one ofthem, and many Of the 200 or SO OPENALLNIGHT: Some studies Yiannopoulos, "l've decided t0 side with the Jew- people arrested that day were t00 , according tO suggest black 凱 OC activists. But people have been using the strategy ish gay immigrant whO has an African-Americ an actions hurt the causes they sup- in the U. S. steadily for years, including during boyfriend, not the hypnotized zombie-boys in po 杙 by alienating the Occupy and Black Lives Matter movements. black masks who were clubbing p e ople who hold the general public. Those involved in anarchist and anti-fascist different points ofview. The activists ⅵ 0 厄 nt ツ disagree move ments e mphasize that their with that claim. efforts go beyond donning masks 十 and breaking things ・ A large part 0f whatwe d0 is notput onblack clothes ”” and fight the police," says Jame s Anderson, an editor at lt's GOing DO 、も an anarchist, anti-fascist and anti-capitalist website. MOSt Of what we dO is actual community organizing," like helping people J0in umons or advocate around envlron- mental and housing issues. Toenmes agrees, saymg, When l'm orgamnng my co-workers tO resist exploitation by our bOSS, I don't suggest we wear black tO work and smash the place up—although that might be worth considering sometlme in the future. HEROES OR TERRORISTS? Reaction t0 the UC BerkeIey black bloc has been mixed. BerkeIey stu- dent Juan Prieto published a blog post titled "ln Defense 0f the Vio- lence at Berkeley," wntmg, A peace- ful protest was not going tO cancel that event.... Only the destruction of glass and shooting 0f fireworks did that. " Alumna Nisa Dang wrote in A1139 、ヨ OQVNV 、 N コ YSOO N(I 」 AV NEWSWEEK 22 02 / 24 / 2017

Congress, where both chambers are controlled by Republicans ・ We haven't seen the 血Ⅱ onslaught oflitigation, but more than 50 lawsuits are already in prog- ress. One involves the emoluments clause ofthe Constitution, which bans government offcials from profiting from foreign interests. TWO for- mer white House ethiCS czars, Norl れ Eisen frOI れ the Obama administration and Richard Painter from George 、 \7. Bush's white House, are helping years as public interest groups work overtlme tO lead a lawsuit charging that the president's fail- make sure that every rule change is legal. Admin- istrative law is suddenly glamorous, says Jeffrey ure tO s ell his busine ss inte re sts and put them in Rosen, president 0f Philadelphia's National Con- a blind trust violate s the Constitution. The suit is being filed by Citizens for Responsibility and stitution Ce nte r. Ethics in Washington (CREW), and the group On February 7 , the NaturaI Resources Defense enlisted famed Harvard Law professor Laurence Council, the Commumcations Workers of Amer- Tribe to be part ofthe legal team. lca and advocacy organization Public Citizen sued Trump and his new director of the Offce But the suit illustrates the diffcultie s awaiting of Management and Budget over the two-for- those trymg t0 sue Trump. Courts have been loath one rule. 2 リわ〃 c C 〃 DO 〃 4 /. T 川川ア argues tO get between the branches Of government on a thorny issue like the constitutional gift ban. And that the president has exceeded his constltutional it can be hard t0 find plaintiffs who have what authority and that the proposed rule would pre- the courts call "standing —proof that they were vent agencies 仕 om faithfully executing the laws. harmed by the pre sident's actions. lt's not enough Allison Zieve, who he ads the litigation group at just tO be a citizen registering a complaint. You Public Citizen, has been astounded by what she jokes isthe "wackiness" ofthe Trump rule-making have t0 show that you were personally injured. CREW is argulng in court that havlng tO sue Trump over the gift ban is cost- ing it money by diverting its limited O E THING THE I. AWYERS resources 仕 0n1 itS usual work Of chas- lng government scandal. The court OF THE ANTI-TRUMP may not buy that kind 0f reasoning ・ RE I STANCE HAVE GOING Finding anothe r plaintiff—say, a major hOtel chain that claims it's losing cus- FO THEM: THE PRESIDENT tomers tO Trump hOtels because for- H S BEEN SLOPPY. eign diplomats want t0 curryfavorwith the president—won't be easy. One thing the lawyers 0f the anti- Trump resistance have going for them: The president has been sloppy. The travel SO far, noting that the administration has ways tO ban fror れ those seven Muslim-maJorlty nations scale back regulation that are not SO vulnerable tO legal challenge. She adds that Trump's efforts to was so poorly crafted that it gave lawyers an opening t0 block it in federal court. Depart- reverse years Of safety, envlronmental and Other litigation can be head spinning at times. "We're ment Of Justice lawyers kept insisting it wasn t feeling a little overwhelmed every day," she says ・ a Muslim ban, but on Fox News, former New York Mayor and Trump adviser Rudy Giuliani After the appeals court upheld the temporary said the policy emerged from an effort to take restraining order on the Trump immigration ban, the president chirped in a tweet, See you the sweeping Muslim ban Trump touted early in in court. " purcell, the Washington state solicitor the campaign and then make it legal. ln another case, Trump-resistance lawyers general, seemed more than eager tO take up the found an opemng WIth the administration s care- president's challenge. And after the decision, Fer- lessness. Trump s executive order declaring that guson hailed the victory, saymg, NO one is above two regulations should be nixed for every new the law, not even the president. The president should withdraw this flawed, rushed and danger- one that is enacted made for a snappy campaign ous promse, ut lt runs 0 0 a numstratlve aw, a somewhat sleepy area 0f jurisprudence that's the country. lfhe refuses, I will continue our work tO hOld him accountable tO the Constitution. ”ロ likely t0 get a lot more attention during the Trump P A G E 0 N E / T R U M P A1139 、 NV > 一 1flS N 一 LS コ「 NEWSWEEK 15 02 / 24 / 2017

many untimely demises Of Russian dissident$ WhO have died under suspICious ] ournalists and 0thers that AFIO'S Ole son decided since the former KGB colonel came tO power 18 to include them all in his list, no matter that foul years ag0' his precaution is well founded' says play was ruled out in some. One such is the 0dd Oleson: "One or two or three' you could always explain away, but dozens?" death 0f former putlll crony MikhailLes111 a Washington, D. C. , hotel room ⅲ late 2015. Some Through the years, poison has felled many a accounts speculated that he may have been Kremlin critic. On February 2 , Kara-Murza, a talking tO the FBI t0 avoid corruption charges former Washington, D. C. -based television cor- Ole son note s. police ultimately de cide d he stum- respondent active in Russian liberal opposition bled and died from acute alcohol poisoning ・ parties and movements Putin S was "Not that l'm overly suspicious, but he would hospitalized. His wife t01d reporters the diag- have been a pnme candidate for [assassination] , IIOSIS was acute poisoning by an undetermined substance. ' lt was the second time Kara-Murza, what he was dOing and what Putin has shown that he has done with others, ” Oleson said. 35 , had mysteriously fallen ill. 'You have tO wonder. Observers were quICk tO compare Kara-Mur- Kara-Murza was still suffering from the effects za s misfortune tO that Of Alexander Litvinenko, of his 2015 poisoning—ne rve damage on his le 代 a disenchanted former Russian secunty agent side that caused him tO walk with a cane—when poisoned tO death by radioactive polonium in he Ⅱ ill again earlier this month. As with that ear- London in 2006. Scotland Yard leveled a finger lier incident, his doctors say they can t pin down at the Kremlin for the murder 0f Litvinenk0, say- exactly what put him in the hospital again. His ing the evidence suggests that the only credible explanatlon iS one way or another the Russian state is involved in Litvinenko s murder. ” Bntain demanded Moscow extradite the alleged per- "ONE OR TWO OR petrator, Andrey Lugovoy, t0 stand trial' but the Kremlin declined. Lugovoy, wh0 called reports THREE, YOU COULD of his re sponsibility in Litvinenk0's de ath nothing ALWAYS EXPLAIN but invention, supposition, れ or now has a seat ⅲ the Duma, which provides him immunity AWAY, BUT DOZENS?" frOI れ prosecution. Litvinenko, whO British intelligence was sup- porting while he did pnvate work for a business risk-analysis firm, was said tO be investigating wife said she has sent samples 0f her husband's Spanish links t0 the Russian mafia when Lugovoy, b100d , hair and fingernalls t0 a private laboratory a former KGB bodyguard, allegedly slipped the in lsrael for analysis. polomum intO his tea. The context Of his murder Unlike many Of putin s uctims, Kara-Murz a has is plumbed in a he art-pounding new b00k on the powerful American friends 100king out for him. affair, A どり , E 工 2 豆 ~ 0 な 0 〃 : T んビ D 師ⅲ怩 S 知ワ One 0f them is Senator J0hn McCain 0f Arizona, ビリ 0 工廱ⅲた 0 4 〃 d R 豆 4 Ⅳ 4 ′ With whO tOOk tO the Senate floor tO denounce Trump どⅣおら by British journalist Luke Harding. for vaguely equating putm's murders with some 。 Litvinenko wasn't exactly Jame s B write s unspecified Amencan ones. Kara-Murz a 0 knew Harding, a veteran foreign correspondent for T んビ that there was no moral eqmvalence between the G リ市 4 〃 newsp 叩 er. But he was passing British United states and putin's Russia, ” McCain fumed. intelligence sensitive information about the links I repeat, there is no moral eqmvalence between between Russia mafia gangs active ⅲ Europe that butcher and thug and KGB colonel and the and powerful people at the very top 0f Russian United states 0f Amenca … . TO allege some kind power—including putin. " Altogether, Litvinenk0 Of moral eqtuvalence between the tWO is either would say, the Russian president, his ministers ternbly misinformed or incre dibly biased. and their mobster pals comprise what could only ー Former し S. General Barry McCaffrey called be called a mafia state. Or, as O'Reilly put it t0 Trump's whitewash ofputin's thuggery"the most Trump recently, 、、 He's a killer. anti-American ever made by a C01 れ - "There are a lot ofkillers. We have a lot of kill- mander in chief. ers, ” Trump responded in a remark that seemed Oleson's list makes the point. Next time, per- to defend putin and drew widespread rebukes. apsO'ReiIIyshouId lt's been imposslb e tO prove putm a a an him tO name any critics killed on the order Of an ln any Ofthe 30 or SO deaths he or hiS are Amencan president. ロ suspected Of carrying out. But there are Just SO CRIMEWITHOUT PUNISHMENT: AIexander Litvinen- ko, a disenchanted former Russian security agent, was poisoned tO death by radioactive po- lonium in 2006. 十 A1139 、 ZSI 一 3M V 「 SVIVN NEWSWEEK 19 02 / 24 / 2017