Conservatives have been harsher. Breitbart has called black bloc demonstrators "terrorists... bent on the destruction Of the United States Of Amer- lCa. Law enforcement views them as opportun- ists WhO hijack mainstream protests. see folks employ the black bloc tactics en masse like that basically anywhere where you have either a conservative cause, such as What we had With the MilO event in Berkeley, or any time you have a guaranteed media presence, such as political conventlons, G-8 summits, says Kory Flowers, a police sergeant in Greensboro, North Carolina, and an expert on extremist groups. "Halfofthese folks don't know the particulars about the cause. Stephen Zunes, a University 0f San Francisco professor whO has studied social movements, tOld the Sa 〃 Fra 〃ロ 0 C ん川ⅲ c something similar ⅲ 2003. "They're basically hoodlums looking for a mass rally to ride the coattails 0 They don't have a political agenda. And the worst thing is that they don't have any leaders you can negotiate with. There is evidence that black blocs hurt nonvio- lent efforts. A 2015 study published in thejournal M za 0 〃 : ス〃加翔 10 〃 al Q リ 4 なケ found that from 1900 tO 2006 , nonv101ent campaigns around the world were more success- ful than violent ones. A reason is that fewer people are willing t0 participate m VIOlent movements, leading tO fewer resources. There iS alSO less public sympathy for those wh0 use violence. PreV10LIS studie S had found succe SS radical movements, but the research- ers dispute the earlier findings. "The folks that argue that these types oftactics were or are necessary are usually thinking 0f them in tacti- independence and U. S. civil rights movements as events he believes succeeded because they were largely nonviolent (but also had violent disruptors). "What we re talking about is mass reSIStance, mass disruption," he says. we re not saying, Everyb0dy go get a gun and kill a bunch ofpeople. 'MORE THAN 100 THUGS' ln the aftermath 0f the UC B erkeley demonstra- tion, some are wondering where the black bloc folks came from and why police arrested so few 0f them. University of Utah law professor and former federal judge Paul Cassell wrote in The Ⅳ 45 厄れ g 知〃 0 , "HOW is it that after more than 100 thugs organize d, well in advance, tO invade ト P A G E 0 N E / C 0 L L E G E S TH Y "CONFUSE ACTS OF VANDALI SM AND PE A EPELLENT CYNICISM WI cal terms, says Erica Chenoweth, a professor at the University Of Denver whO co-authored the study. "They 100k t0 the immediate tacti- cal impacts, like did they shut down a talk. " But violent efforts are less effective long term, she contlnues. Often COSt movements a great deal of sympathy and support. " They can also harm movements, because after the violence there tends tO be more support for leaders whO VOW tO restore law and order, Chenoweth found (and as Trump has done). Black bloc participants dispute those find- mgs. One ofthem, wh0 requested that N ビルル記た not print hiS name because ofprivacy concerns, says diversity Of iS necessary. He points t0 the black bloc in Washington, D. C., on lnau uration Day and the Women's March the following day as an example of how 1 erent types Of demonstrations should occur. Ander- son, Of lt's GOing Down, points tO the lndian the campus, and police were alerted tO the risk Of violence, again well in advance, [almost] no arre sts we re made the night Of the attack?" Flowers, the expert on extremist groups, says he isn't surprised there were SO few arrests. When there are SO many people demonstrating, he says, the priorities change at that point tO ] ust protect- ing lives and property. ' TO arrest a single protester might take multiple Offcers several minutes, which is an eternity in the middle 0f that very, veryvolatile mayhem. " lt's unlikely that investiga- tors will be successful identifying any ofthe dem- onstrators, he adds, gwen their disgulses. Anarchists and past black bloc participantssay their activities will continue. "AS the visibility Of fascism has grown, says OLAASM's Toennies, SO t00 has the visibility Of the resistance. peo- p e nee t0 now, andlhopefthatthey 0 now, that there are people like them wh0 are willing to fight back—by any means necessary." ロ H REVOLUTION. ” NEWSWEEK 23 02 / 24 / 2017

BERKELEY NAZ SCUH 0 十 IFYOU HAVE TO MASK: The black bloc activists at BerkeIey crashed a nonviolent demonstration, set fires, smashed windows and threw MoIotov cocktails. What people on both sides of this argument need tO understand is that black bloc isn't a group; it s just a tactic. Those whO dO it wear black, sometimes between layers Of "civilian clothes so they can slip in and out of their pro- tester ensembles. They Often carry gear that is defensive (masks tO protect against tear gas), offensive ( M010t0V cocktails) or both (a placard that can double as a shield). They attack store- message board tO record brainstorm ideas for a fronts and clash with police in a "hit and run better world. ” style, University OfSan FranCISC0 associate pro- The German press coined the term わわ c fessor Jeffrey paris has written. There is no for- in the 1980S , when activists in that country demonstrated for squatters' rights and Other mal network ofpeople and no set principles, just a belief that demonstrating peacefully doesn't causes. ln 1987 , The Ⅳビル物ⅸ Times described a accomplish nearly as much as a flash 0f rage. A German black bloc as a radical and embittered 2008 guide published online by CrimethInc. , a ge'tthat burned cars, smashed windows and network for anonymous collective action, says, hurled bottles and firecrackers. Act1vists went on "Don't get caught! stay safe(r) and smash the tO use the strategy in Canada, Brazil, the United state! ” A black bloc "communiqué" from 1999 Kingdom, taly, Switzerland and, during the Arab arlV1990 ・ are d store ront WIII OW ecomes a ven 0 e says, in the United States during protests against the some fresh air intO the oppressive atmosphere GuIfWar, and in 1999 it gained traction during a 0f a retail outlet … . A building facade becomes a "DON'T GET CAUGHT ! STAY SAFE(R) AND SMASH THE STATE! ” Åト 13 39V コ 3 IION 工 V 「コ 3 NEWSWEEK 21 02 / 24 / 2017

十 NO RETURN: The 135 people who died at Manzanar are honored with this memorial, even though some were buried back in the cities, towns 0 「 even farms from which they'd been taken. ln South Lake Tahoe, there's finally seruce again ・ I have emerged from the internment camp intO a gaudy, glimmering strip 0f Americana. As I fill up my rental car, I scroll through Twitter. This is a gut punch 0f an experience, my feed 血Ⅱ of heartbreak- ing pictures 0f children in Syria wh0 thought they were about tO become Americans. They Will efugees while ・ we restore ourselves tO greatness. Manzanar had itS own newspaper, the A14 れ 24 れ ar Free P . You can buy replica editions at the gift store. I bou ht three. lt is like an ordinary newspa- per, but there's a kind of clenched cheer to all the articles—which were published without bylines— that you suspect was the product Of offcial censor- ship or at least Offcial pressure. This is from the September 10 , 1943 , edition ofthe Ma れ 24 れ 4 お 2 尾 : "After all this is over, when Man- zanar iS nothing more than a dim memory in the cycle ofone's ⅱ , the High Sierraswill be remembered with fond dre ams and not Wlth cynicism or bitte rness. This did not come tO pass. Manzanar did not recede in our collective memories. Nor was it bur- nished by time intO something not entirely unpleas- ant, like one's middle sch001 years. Manzanar is still Manzanar, and it is stlll with us, even as the creosote crawls over the remnants Ofthe camp, and the winds come 0 代 the mountams, stirring up sand, and cars rush past on the highway en route tO more glamor- ous estlnatlons, IkeMammot a es. t oesn matter. Manzanar Will remam; Manzanar Will not allow us to forget. ロ VONO 工 NVIS ら 8V 31S SIONVH ら」 3 コ」 NEWSWEEK 43 02 / 24 / 2017

THE ANNOUNCEMENT came the day before Thanks- giving, but there was nothing in it t0 be thankful for: An exp erime ntal Alzheimer 's drug many thought would slow the disease s steady cognitive decline had failed tO make a significant difference ⅲ a masslve trial ofpeople with early signs ofthe illness. Marty ReiSW1g took the news hard. "I was Just sad," he says. "I was really hopeful that it would be life-changing for us. ” ReiSW1g doesn't have Alzhei- mer's disease—he's a 38-year-old real estate agent in good health. But he is part 0fa large extended family that's been afficte d by Alzheimer's for generations. His Uncle Roy died 0f the disease. SO did Grandpa Ralph. EIeven gre at-aunts and gre at-uncles. D ozens ofcousins. And now, Reismg says, 。 I ve got a 64-year- 01d father who's almost dead ofAlzheimer s. His family is one ofaround 500 in the world with a genetic mutation that means its carners will develop Alzheimer's at a much younger age than those with- out the mutation, for whom the age Of onset is typi- cally about 80. For the Reisw1gs, those with the gene become sick around their 50th birthday. Other high- risk familie s c an start showlng symptoms as e arly as their 1 id -30S or, ln some cases, their late 20S. Reiswig decided not tO learn his own gene status— there's a 50 ー 50 chance he inherited his father's 信 ul 収 DNA, and he prefers livingwith the uncertainty. HOW- ever, he isn't just idly waitlng tO me et his fate. Three ye ars ago, he signed up for an innovative drug study that could alter his family's genetic destiny. Once a month, a nurse comes tO hiS home,mserts a needle in his arm and watches as a bag 血Ⅱ ofliqtud slowly drips intO his bloodstream. As with most trials designed tO te st whether an experimental drug works—even for diseases that are akin t0 de ath sentence s—Reismg might be gettmg a placebo. But there 's also a chance his monthly ⅲ血 - sions include a drug that could stop him, his family members and others like them from losing loved ones t0 Alzheimer's. Or, at the very least, delay the disease long enough t0 give them many more good years, genetics be damned. The key is early intervention, before symptoms are evident and brain damage is t00 extensive. "That's how you stop the disease, says Rudy Tanzi, director Of the Genetics and Aging Research Unit at Massa- chusetts General Hospital. “ You don't wait. P U S H B A C K T H E 0 N S し A U G H T 0 THIS AGGRESSIVE attempt tO prevent Alzheimer S rather than treating it is the most exciting new devel- opment in decades, as well as a radical departure for researchers and the pharmaceutical industry. Tradi- tionally, drug companies have tested their therapies on patients whO already have memory IOSS, trouble thinking and Other signs ofdementia. lt's been a 10S - ing tactic: More than 99 percent 0f all Alzheimer s drugs have failed tests in the clinic, and the few that have made it tO the market only ameliorate some symptoms. NOt a single medicine has been shown tO slow the relentless progression Ofthe disease. But with this new approach, even partial success— an appreciable slowing 0f brain dege neration— could have a big impact, says Dr. Reisa Sperling, a neurologist whO directs the Center for Alzheimer s Re s e arch and Tre atme nt at B 0 ston's Brigham and Women's Hospital. If a drug therapy can push back the onslaught of dementia by five or 10 years, she says, many more people would die 0f ballroom dancing instead Ofin nursing homes. lt's a strategy being te ste d in five big clinic al tri- als that collectively will cost anywhere from $ 500 million t0 a whopping $ 1 billion. But prevention More than 99 percent of all Alzheimer's Prevention, a coalition Of leading lnitiative and co-chair Of the Collaboration for utive director Of the F-Prime Biomedical Research designing better trials, says Stacie Weninger, exec- made huge progress" in learning from mistakes and because we see failure after failure, but we have while gamble. "lt sometimes doesn't feel like it, advocates are confident these studies are a worth- in the CliniC. Alzheimer's dmgs have failed tests NEWSWEEK 26 02 / 24 / 2017