AT THE TURN Of the millennium, a young wom an move d tO a c abin on the Mull Of Kintyre, a headland in southwest Scotland renowned for the bleak beauty of its cliffs and the treacherous swirl of the currents below. There she took in tWO horses, and for a time the silent companion- ship ofthose geldings offered more in the way of healing than the countless prescriptions she'd been given by psychiatrists, or the well-meaning attempts by therapists tO excavate the most pain- ful parts of her past. Then, in early 2013 , she did something she had promised herself she would never d0 again: She bought a bottle ofvodka. The woman, who asked to be identified only as Karen, cannot recall the precise trigger that made her reach for a drink after 12 years of sobriety. But she does remember stumbling into the hospital in Lochgilphead, the nearest town. lntoxicate d and ne ar- delirious, she fe are d the suicidal impulses that had racked her since she was a teenager might prove t00 strong tO resist. Dr. Gordon BarcIay was making his rounds that day. A consultant in general adult psychiatry with a passion for Goethe, he was a more attentive lis- tener than the street drinkers who had served as Kare n's confidantes durmg past relap se s. From her hospital bed, she t01d him about the sexual abuse in her earlyyears, and how she'd learned to dull its searing legacy W1th alcohol. But the terror she felt while lying awake in bed as a young child, afraid t0 close her eyes, still lived inside her. lt was a story she had t01d t00 many psychiatrists and psychologists, but the endless retelling had never changed the way she 他 lt. lt was as if she was always waiting for the abuse tO begin again ・ ln that way, she was still 5 years old. "Everything was tinged with fear, ” says Karen, now in her mid-40s. "I was always driven by the past. Barclay soon realized Karen had post-traumatlc stress disorder (PTSD), a condition caused by exposure tO a horrific or life-threatening event that can lead tO a wide spectrum Of devastating symptoms, 仕 om bouts 0f overpowenng anxiety tO mind-saturating de sp alr, emotional numbness, night terrors and uncontrollable rage. Sufferers can expenence flashbacks tO a tlme when they thought they were about t0 die: high-definition replays ⅲ their minds, complete with smell, tex- ture and sound. Symptoms like these can persist for years, even decades, and leave people feeling so damage d that they can't help but push away even those they love the most. As Karen had discovered, PTSD can be mad- de ningly dffcult t0 tre at. She still remembers the panic in the eyes Of one SOCial worker When his attempts t0 get her t0 open up brought on the 血Ⅱ force of her terror. "lt didn't matter where I went—nowhere seemed tO be able tO Offer any help," she says. "The only way I knew how to deal with it was alcohol and also pre scnption drugs. Though Karen drew on her expenences tO forge a career ⅲ addiction support, she lived her life on a precipice. The abuse she had suffered did not just live on ⅲ her mind: lt seemed tO inhabit the very muscles, fibers and tissue 0f her body. This ViS ceral volcano was beyond he r COIISCIOLIS con- trol: lt manifested in panic attacks that felt like a giant screw turning in her gut, bouts ofnausea or the times when a lover s touch would cause her tO freeze like a startled deer. No matter how hard she tried to convince herself she was better, her body refused to believe she was safe. "I felt cowardly. I felt shut down," she says. "The fear in the body attached itselfto eve1Ything in life. Contrary to all she'd been told, the answer wasn t more talk. lt was less. Karen was trapped in her head, and with Barclay's help, she saw that the way to fix her mind was tO listen tO her body. "I would hate to knock talking therapy, but it can encase you more in the trauma—you almost become stuck in it, ” she says. They're really well-meaning people, but they screwed 1 れ e up even worse. Karen re ached thiS conclusion—one at stark odds with much of the therapy conventionally used for trauma—after Barclay introduced her to a new and relatively obscure method for treat- ing PTSD. The Comprehensive Resource Model (CRM) was developed overthe past decade by Lisa Schwarz, a licensed psychologist in Pennsylvania wh0 has practiced for 30 years. Fusing elements 0f psychology, spirituality, neurobiology and sha- manic power animals," Schwarz has taught the technique tO more than 1 , 500 therapists around the world, including more than 350 people in NEWSWEEK 26 APRlL07, 2017

work on infrastructure—such as water and sewage sys- aste treatment•nd-insta ・ llat ・ i ・ on Of energ y-savtng—・ equipment— in Cebu, the Philippines, Danang, \/ietnam, Bangkok, Thailand, and Batam,lndonesia. For instance, the city Of Cebu is advancing a pro 」 ect Of transforming waste plastic intO fuel, and the introduction Of dewatering devic- es for septic tank sludge by using the technologies Of a Yokohama-based company. 2015 , for the first time as a local government, Yoko- hama signed a memorandum Of understanding (MoU) for promoting cooperation with the ADB.ln 2 〇 16 , the city renewed the MOU at the ADB AnnuaI Meeting in Frankfurt, Germany, SO that the closer ties between Yokohama and the ADB continue to flourish, and a new technical assis- tance project is promoted in AsIa.In addition, Yokohama City holds an annualinternational conference for sustain- able urban development, ・ 'Asia Smart City Conference' by inviting representatives Of Asian Cities, international organizations and the Japanese Government and has incorporated a platform called "Asian Smart City Alliance' where the participants Of the conference can jOin the discussion tO share the knowledge on smart city develop- ment. These initiatives are promoted as well under collaboration with the ADB. The city Of Yokohama will continue international cooperation with ADB and Asian cities by sharing the experience, knowledge, and technical know-how gained through Y-P 〇 RT and Other projects. Yokohama believes the 50th Annual ADB General Meeting will yield meaning- fultalks, serving tO further enhance the city's relationship with the ADB. 。 4-1 号 ADB staff visit the Kawai water purification plant in Yokohama. ACIFICO Yokohama Prcmier Venue for MICE Yokohama has hosted many important international conferences, incltlding the Asia—Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic leaders' meeting 2 ( ) 1 ( ) and Fourth and Fifth Tokyo lnternational Conf ・érence ofAfrican Development (TICAD IV and V). Preparations for the 30th Ann11al ADB General Meeting are ⅲ fllll swing ⅲ Y0kohama, particlllarly at the main ventle, the PACIFICO Yokohama. PACIFICO Yokohama is the city's premiere MICE (Meeting, lncentive travel, Convention and Exhil)ition /Event) space. Japan National T011rism ()rganiza- tion (JNTO) international conference statistics have ranked PACIFICO Y0kohama first inJapan for both international conferences by facility and t()tal par- ticipants for over 1 ( ) years. Highly accessible b()th from withinJapan and abroad, Y()kohama offers visitors vari()llS opportunities t() enj()YJapanese cllltllre, fOOd and bealltiflll waterfront scenery that make it appealing as a tourist destination. AS MICE Will serve as a ma.j()l' CC()11()lIIiC engine for fllture Ⅲ・ ban development, ⅲ 2 ( ) 2 ( ) , YokO- hama will welcome new MICE facilities adjacent t0 PACIFICO Yokohama ⅲ Minato Mirai 21. Together with PACIFICO Yokohama, a new hoteI,Japan's larg- est mllltipurpose hall with a 7 , 6 ( ) ( ) square meter carpeted Sllrface and some 3 ( ) rooms ()fnew conference space Will create an even more comprehensive MICE space. OPEN YOKOHAMA Find Your YOKOHAMA YOKOHAMA 2017 http://adb2017.city.yokohama.lg.jp/en/

The problem, as Karen academic psychiatrist at King's C011ege London discovered, iS that even and an authority on psychological injury in the with the support ofthe most U. K. armed forces, backs innovation but warns sympathetic therapisty such that clinicians shouldnotplace undue faith in feelings areoften t00 much a new PTSD treatment before it is validated to bear. That's why Schwarz by rigorous research. not saymg we don t equips her clients with tOOls need tO treat [PTSD], but the impetus is to do tO give them the strength tO it right, because dOing it wrong can harm peo- confront the raw emotions ple and also dissuades people from going to get they've kept locked deep other treatments. inside for so long. lnspired The battle here is about more than the future of by Native American heal- PTSD therapy. Throughout history, some of the mg arts, mystical traditions biggest breakthroughs in SC1ence have been made and the practices 0f tribal by individuals whose hunche s prompte d them shamans, some Of these tO embrace convention-shattenng ideas—often before the data backed them up. Perhaps the big- resources reqtllre S01 れ e - thing 0f a metaphysical gest hurdle for mavericks in any discipline is that leap. These include vanous intellectual orthodoxies te nd tO perpetuate them- selves. lt's usually much easier t0 obtain funding breathing and visualization exercnses, and alSO work to tinker at the edges of what is already known, with eye positions—based rather than demolish cherished assumptions. Few on the theory that different funding bodie s make grants based on Albert Ein- stein s maxim: "lf at first the idea is not absurd, emotions correlate tO mm- then there is no hope for it. ” ute variations in the direc- tion Ofgaze. At key points The dominant school in psychology today is the process, Schwarz a11 れ S cognitive therapy, a form 0f talk therapy aimed tO help clients tap intO their at helping patients feel better by encourag- intuition by posing what she ing them t0 think differently and change their calls her "magical question behavior. Often used in tandem with medica- tO find out what aspect Of tion tO suppress symptoms ofdepression or anx- their trauma history needs iety, cognitive therapies are backed by a wealth to be tackled next: "Don't 0f scientific research. Although nobody claims think. Ask your body, not they work for everyone, they have become SO deeply embedded in a global, multibillion- your brain, and take the first dollar complex of pharmaceutical companies, answer that comes. The unusual aspects Of insurance firms and health departments that CRM do not stop there. Patients can learn to critics are only half-joking when they describe safely dissolve long-buried distress by making them as a quasi-religion. With such entrenched interests at stake, dissidents armed with an a sound—usually a prolonged, high-pitched alternative paradigm are sure tO face resistance, note—in a process known as toning. Par- ticipants can alSO call on imagmary beings in the form of power animals"—therapy-speak calls them 'finternal attachment figures ”—tO "They're really well-meaning accompany them through the darkest tunnels people, but they of their past. These often take the form of big cats, wolves, bears or birds. None Of these enti- me up even WO 「 se : ties are, Of course, real in any ordinary sense, but CRM practitioners believe these and other resources can help patients connect with what they call the core self ”—an mner essence perhaps even mockery—especially 朝 om empir- lmmune tO life S cuts and bruises. —ically minded psychiatrists allergic t0 anything WhiIe Schwarz is fired by the conviction that that sounds remotely like W00- W00. Nevertheless, there are plenty 0f therapists she can help countless people for whom existing ready tO argue that you don't have tO be a crank methods have failed, there is a risk that some specialists may assume talk Of ' power animals" tO question the lmlts 0 ta . T e SC 00 or "toning sounds iS fantasy-prone pseudosci- iS one tributary in a much wider movement Of entific nonsense. Professor Neil Greenberg, an PTSD specialists who believe body-oriented screwed NEWSWEEK 29 APR 比 07 , 2017

approaches can help people wh0 might never otherwise get tO the root 0f their problems. If they are right, the implications go far beyond treating the psychological scars Of rape acci- dents or warfare. There iS mounting evidence that childhood trauma caused by abuse, neglect or abandonment is behind much 0f the depres- S10n, anxiety and addiction suffered by adults. Western industrial civilization is founded on faith in the problem-solving power 0f the intel- lect. But if modern societies want tO heal from an epidemic ofmental illness, Schwarz and her allies believe that yet more thinking will not suf- fice: The true answers will be found beyond the veil ofthe everyday, rational mind. AT 55 , with shoulder-length curls and a ready laugh, Lisa Schwarz radiates a certitude that can t be learned from textbooks. If she hadn't ended up as a psychologist, it would be easy t0 enusage her interrogating suspects at a downtown police station in the small hours, using a blend 0f humor and streetwise charm tO extract confessions. Her forthright manner—by turns blunt and effu- sive—can provoke consternation among some colleagues. Fans, however, suspect that her confi- dence stems from the fact that she has "done her work "—therapy parlance for the exacting process of working through your own traumatic expen- ences before you can help others. As a teenager, Schwarz had hoped t0 spend her career cunng animals, but when she failed tO qualify tO study as a veterinanan, she opted for psychology and later began practicing in her hometown 0fPittsburgh. Though she was able t0 help trauma survivors le arn tO cope bette r with their symptoms, she observed that some never fully recovered. Schwarz's doubts about talking therapy crystallized when she suffered a pro- tracted breakdown that forced her tO question everything she had been taught. "TO be able t0 d0 this work," she says, "it helps t0 have gone through something yourself that tore you down tO skeletal proportions, and come back out Of that, like a phoenix that rises out Ofthe ashes. AS Schwarz began tO recover, a scene returned to her from childhood: her mother telling her and her brother t0 clear the dande- lions that sprouted on their lawn each spring ・ As they plucked the golden-yellow heads, the siblings soon discovered that the flower IS a cunning adversary that can be defeated only by painstakingly digging up its taproot. Schwarz saw the plant's tenacity as a metaphor for the HER FIRE-BREATHING DRAGON self-destructive patterns that trauma seeds in the deepest crevices ofthe psyche. TO dig up this "dandelion root"' Schwarz began to work with thera ists at the intersection ofmed- icine and ¯mysticism—from shamans practicing in AmerlC an suburbs tO a spiritual he aler from Afghanistan. Gradually, she acqmre d what she considered tO be the vital missing piece in talk therapy: t001S powerful enough t0 enable a survivor to safely confront feelings they had been running from their whOle lives. lt was these tOOls Barclay would later use tO treat Karen. At first, his methods struck Karen as a lit- tle odd. He started by using conventional talk therapy t0 win her trust. As they progressed, he began t0 draw on Schwarz s methods for the riskiest but most important part Of any trauma work—confronting the ugliest pain from the past, feeling it fully and then letting it go ・ His first step was to help Karen feel safe. Trauma survivors Often suffer 仕 0n1 something c alle d "dissociation ”—meaning they become numbed tO their emotions. psychologists believe this is a form 0f self-defense gone awry. Accord- ing tO one theory, when the brain senses it is about to be killed, it "unplugs" from the rest ofthe body t0 avoid the pain 0f a horrible death. (Such peo- ple might describe a brief out-of-body expen- ence—as iftheywere lOOking down on themselves from above. ) The problem here is that the brain s defenses are much easier tO SWitCh on than they are t0 SW1tch 0 Long after the threat has passed, trauma survivors may still feel profoundly cut 0 代 '"To be able to do this work, helps tO have gone through something YO 可 f that tO YO down t0 5k0 厄 t p 「 0P0 杙 i005 : ' 仕 om their feelings, and that can ruin relationships and fuel risk-taking behavior or addictions. ln PTSD treatment, this self-defense mech- anism can make treatment diffcult and even dangerous: The only way tO overcome a trauma iS tO confront unresolved emotions,but Clums attempts tO dO SO can trigger further dissocla— tion. Like a bomb disposal technician trying t0 disarm a booby-trapped device' the therapist must find a way tO defuse the patient's natural defenses W1t out t em owmg up. n one wrong 1 れ ove can cause lasting harm. Barclay began by asking Karen t0 mentally NEWSWEEK 31 APR 比 07 , 2017