- ィを第三一 十 SMOKE ON THE WATER: A North Korean missile launch from 2016- Pyongyang's aggressive testing has alarmed the Trump administration. Of his own: tO complete an invasion Of South Korea W1thin a week using asymmetnc capabilities (including nuclear weapons and missiles). Reunification Of the two Koreas under Pyongyang s rule, as ludicrous as that possibility seems tO the outside world, has always been the foremost goal ofboth Kim and his father. For a while, in the wake ofthe famine in the late 1990S that killed tens ofthousands 0f North Koreans and the deep, relentless poverty that followed, military strat- egists began t0 discount that possibility, believing it t0 be rhetoric unmoored from reality. AII you had t0 d0 was look at the satellite images 0f Seoul and Pyongyang at night, one brightly lit and the other dark, t0 see which half 0f Korea was strong and WhiCh was weak. And although the economic disparity hasn't changed much, the North's weaponry has, its war plan has, and its dictator's bellicose rhetoric has. The young man known in china as "Fatty Kim the Third" (Kim Jong Un is the randson Of Kim Ⅱ Sung wh0 was the su reme leader of the Democratic People's RepubIic of Korea (DPRK) from its founding in 1948 until 1994 ) appears t0 be seri- about leading a nuclear power. ln speechesy he men- tlons the reunification far more Often than his father did, North Korea watchers say. lfthe U. S. launches a pre-emp- tive strike, Kim appears likely tO hit back, starting with an artillery b arrage—thous and s 0f rounds pewhour ・一・・ー-ーー。一ー。ー一ー~ーー一 Without movlng a single soldier in its million-man rmy,%aysformer CIA analyst BruceKlingner, now at the For the past two years, the U. S. and South Korea have been practicing pre-emption exerclses. ln 2015 , they adopted a new war plan, OPLAN 5015 , that includes attacks on the North's nuclear and missile facilities, as well as decapitation attacks" against Kim Jong Un and the rest Of the North Korean le adership. South Korea also developed its own pre-emptive attack plans and has acquired, U. S. and Korean offcials say, weapons capable Of destroying some 0f North Korea's weapons Of mass destruction. ln addition, Seoul has built an elaborate defense system, which includes the recent delivery of the U. S. terminal high altitude area defense system, which shOOts down incoming missiles in the final phase oftheir descent. The U. S. does not want to have to pre-empt, ofcourse. As Trump s national security adviser, H. R. McMaster, said on t0 dissuade the North from deploying nukes on long-range missiles. "NO one is lOOking for a fight here, ” insists another ¯Trump adviserøwhowasnotauthoriz ed to spe ak about this matter on the record. Whether it does will come down tO how Kim reacts tO the pressure now being put on him by the West. The し S. knows relatively littleabouttheyoungnan s psyche and stability, but what it does know lsn't encouraging. ln addition tO his ggressivemissiletestingprogramsl<imhasanewwarpl 37 N E W S W E E K M A Y 0 5 . 2 017

against DPRK artillery, aerial bombardments and in an urban warfare environment polluted by 5 , 000 metric tons of DPRK chemical agents. Even if that artillery barrage and push int0 the South gave the North the initiative, there is no question, military planners all say, wh0 would ultimately prevail in a second Korean War. The U. S. and South Korea have far t00 much firepower, and if Kim decided to go to war, that would be the end Ofhis reglme, whether he knows it or not. Heritage Foundation, "the North could launch a devastat- ing attack on Seoul. WouId the two sides be able to de-escalate at that point? A senior North Korean military defector has said that under Kim s new war plan, the North intends tO try t0 occupy all 0f South Korea before significant し S. rein- forcements could flow in from Japan and elsewhere. This lnvaslon could start, Cha wrote in his recent bOOk, T ん ー襯 2 わ S , by terrorizing the South Korean popula- tion with chemical weapons. An arsenal Of 600 chemically armed Scud missiles would be fired on all South Korean airports, train stations and manne ports, making it 11 POS - Sible for civilians tO escape. The North's arsenal of medium-range mis- siles could also be fitted with chemical war- heads and launched at Japan, delaying the flow of U. S. reinforcements. And those reln- forcements would be urgently needed on the Korean Peninsula, since the し S. has only 28 , 000 troops ln south Korea, and the South's armed forces, though far better trained and eqmpped than the North's, consist 0f 660 , 000 men, more than 300 , 000 smaller than the North's. U. S. war planners believe North Korean forces would tO try tO overrun South Korea's defenses and get tO Seoul before the U. S. and the South could respond with over- whelming force. As Cha says, As wars go, this would be the most unforgiving battle conditions that can be imag- ined—an extremely high density of enemy and allied forces—over 2 million mechanized forces all converg- ing on a tOtal battlespace the equivalent Of the distance between Washington, D. C. , and BOSton. The United States would immediately dispatch four to Six ground combat divisions Of up tO 20 , 000 troops each, 10 Air Force wmgs Of about 20 fighters per unit and four tO five aircraft carrlers. ln Cha's scenario, し S. and South Korean "soldiers would be fighting with little defense "Without movin a single SOldier in itS mhlon-man army, the North could launch a devastating attack on SeouI." 0 But this would not be a one-week walkover, like the first Gulf War against Saddam Hussein, when his forces were arrayed like clay pigeons in the lraqi and Kuwaiti deserts, where they were easily destroyed by し S. air power. Con- ventional thinking in the Pentagon is that it would be a four- tO six-month conflict with high-intensity combat and many dead. ln 1994 , when President Bill Clinton contem- plated the use of force to knock out the North's nuclear weapons program, the then-commander 0fU. S. -Republic of Korea forces, Gary Luck, told his commander in chief that a war on the peninsula would likely result in 1 million dead and nearly $ 1 trillion ofeconomic damage ・ The carnage would conceivably be worse no 、 glven that the U. S. believes Pyongyang has 10 t0 16 nuclear weapons. If the North could figure out a way t0 deliver one, why wouldn't Kim go all in? HAS THE messagmg SO far fror れ the Trump administra- tion regarding North Korea made war more or less likely? Trump was sobered by the Obama administration s coun- sel that things with North Korea were becoming more dangerous. He initiated a comprehensive policy review shortly after taking offce, which led to press reports that all options ” were on the table (including use 0f force) in dealing with North Korea. T00 much may have been made ofthat, given that, in any formal review, all aspects 0fP01- ICY are scrutinized. When President-elect Trump was told North Korea had claimed it had reached the "final stage 0f preparations tO test-launch an intercontinental ballistic missile, ” he tweeted, "lt won't happen. " Kellyanne Conway, counselor tO the president, explained that Trump had sent a "clear warning tO North Korea and put Pyongyang on notice. She added that "the president of the United States will stand between them and missile capabilities. Shortly after taking offce, Secretary of State Rex Tiller- son said the era of"strategic patience"—the Obama admin- istration phrase for its policy—with the North was over. And 十 TOP GUN: Vice President Mike Pence looks out at North Korea 行 om an observation post. Many say a pre-emptive strike by the U. S. could lead tO a war that would kill a million people. 38 N E W 5 W E E K M AY 0 5.2 017

HE BATTERIES OF North Korean artillery lie on just the other side Of the divided peninsula's demilitarized zone. There are thou- sands Of them—some hidden, Others out in the open. ArtiIlery shells are stored in an elaborate network 0f tun- nels; and though much 0f the weaponry and ammunition is old, し S. forces stationed in South Korea have no doubt they would be effective. Less than 40 miles to the south is the sprawling city 0f Seoul, the capital Of South Korea, with a metropolitan area Of 24 million inhabitants. Ever smce a cease-fire ended hostilities between North and South Korea in 1953 , the res- idents of Seoul have lived with the knowledge that a war with their brethren in the north could break out again; it iS a notion not Often acknowl- edged but embedded in their DNA. And now, again, the fraught Korean Penin- sula seems a single miscalculation away from calamity. Since his election, President Donald Trump and his foreign policy team have esca- lated their rhetoric about the North, insisting that U. S. patlence with North Korea's nuclear and missile program has run out. Pyong- △ yang has responded W1th rhetoric even more bellicose than usual. On April 20 , a state-owned newspaper threatened that Pyongyang would deliver a super-mighty pre-emptive strike ” against the U. S. , whose forces were in the midst Of masslve military exerclses with their South Korean ally. No one Seoul is heading for the bomb shelters yet. Prag- matism, and an abiding assumption that nothing terribly bad will actually happen, prevails. "NO matter how much ten- SIOns mcrease, we Just go about our lives," says park Chung Hee, a 40-year-01d businessman whose grandfather was killed in the Korean War. "What else can we do But everyone living on the peninsula knows that those North Korean artillery battenes are there to pummel Seoul if another war breaks out. And that ifit does, Seoul will get hit, and hit hard. The amount of time from the instant a shell is fired t0 mpact ⅲ the South Korean capital?Just 45 seconds. U. S. alarm about North Korea has spiked for two main reasons. The first is the aggresslve missile-testing reglmen N E W S W E E K 36 pyongyang has carried out under Kim Jong l-Jn. During his four-year reign, pyongyang has already test-fired 66 mis- siles, more than twice as many as his father, Kim Jong ll, did during his 17 years in 0 伍 ce. Kim's regime has gradu- ally increased the range Ofits missiles. Combine that with North Korea's efforts tO miniatunze itS nuclear arsenal SO that its 10 tO 16 bombs can fit ontO a warhead, and you have tWO streams coming together—range and miniatur- lzatlon—that you don't want tO cross, says retired Admi- ral James Stavridis, now dean 0f the FIetcher Sch001 of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. Some U. S. commanders fear the North can already put a nuclear warhead on a missile. Admiral Bill Gortney, head 0f the North American Aerospace Command, told Congress tWO years ago that he believes pyongyang can use a medi- um-range missile tO deliver a nuclear payload, me aning it can hit South Korea or Japan. The consensus intelligence estimate is that the North is now 18 tO 36 months away from sticking a nuke on a missile that can reach LOS Angeles. AII that explains why, from both current and former mil- itary offcials, there has been increasing talk 0f pre-emp- tion. ln November 2016 , GeneraI Walter Sharp, former commander Of し S. Forces Korea, said that ifNorth Korea puts a long-range missile on a launch pad and the U. S. is unsure 0fits payload,Washington should order a pre-emp- tive attack tO destroy that missile. But the grim reality is that a pre-emptive strike, agalnst North Korean missiles or nuclear facilities—or both— could well mean war. Should the day come when Trump The estimate is that the North is 18 to 36 months away from sticking a nuke on a missile that can reach LOS Angeles. believes he needs tO order a pre-emptlve strike against targets in North Korea tO eliminate a direct threat, the し S will not be able to take out all ofthe North Korean artillery front-loaded near the border. NOt," says former National S e curity Council staffer Vic- tor Cha, "without using tactical nuclear weapons," which is not something the U. S. would consider, given that Seoul is right down the road. A U. S. strike, simply put, could well trigger the second Korean War. WHAT WOULD another armed conflict on the peninsula lOOk like? During the Korean War, which lasted from 1950 t01953 , some 2.7 million Koreans died, along with 33 , 000 Americans and 800 , 000 Chinese. ln any pre-emption scenano now, the し S. would try to keep the strike limited to the task at hand; at the same time, Washington would signal ⅲ any way it could—probably via the North's ally in Beijing—that it did not seek a wider war. M AY 0 5 , 2 017

HOLDING THEIR BREATH: An anti-terrorism drill in SeouI. Many believe the South Korean capital would get hit hard in a war between the し S. and Pyongyang. even though McMaster said every option "short Of war' was being considered, he also said a nuclear-capable North Korea is unacceptable [and] so the president has asked us t0 be prepared t0 give him a full range ofoptions t0 remove that threat tO the American people and tO our allies and partners in the region. ' HiS use Ofthe word 襯 0 リ seemed t0 imply a use offorce and made the governments in Seoul, T0kyo and Beijing nervous. Has Trump drawn a red line tO use all means necessary tO prevent North Korea from completing its intercontinental ballistic miSSile program? Or iS he dOing a "madman across the water ” bluff in order tO spook North Korea and instill some panic in the Chinese, hoping tO prod the latter intO using their economic leverage ( 85 percent Of North Korea s external trade is with China) tO rein in Kim? Former CIA analyst Klingner notes that, given the rapid ace@NortWKoreak2016tesEprogranvandthere tendency tO test a new president early, it might not be long before Trump gets reports of another North Korean long- issileornuclear te steThis is when thingycould ge very perilous. Another missile test does not constitute a crisis Of the sort that should trigger another Korean War. lt would, if anything, give the U. S. more leverage with China Pyongyango Yet all the chatter about pre-emption—some Of which has also N E W S W E E K 39 M A Y 0 5 , 2 017 lSSue itS own threats about pre-emption. ln a recent report widely read in the Pentagon and intel- ligence community, Klingner argued that the talk about pre-emptlon, and declarations that all options are on the table, needs to stop. "Advocacy of pre-emption both by North Korea and by the U. S. and its allies is destabilizing, he wrote, and could lead tO greater potential for either side tO miscalculate. Pyongyang may not realize that the more it demonstrates and threatens tO use 1tS nuclear prowess, the more likely allied action becomes during a crisis. Each side could misinterpret the other's intentions, thus fueling tension, intensifying a perceived need tO escalate, and raising the risk Of miscalculation, including pre-emptive attack, ” Klingner continued. "Even a tactical military incident on the Korean Peninsula always has the potential for escalating tO a strategic clash.With no appar- ent off-ramp on the highway t0 a crisis, the danger 0f a military clash on the Korean Peninsula is again rising. at iS where we are no 、 V. AS an alternatlve tO makin threats, several current and former diplomats, intelligence analysts and military offcers say, reducing tenslons now quire adyvquieedeploymentofadd itionaLmi ・ - tary har ware tO the reglon, as wel as a behind-the-scenes application 0f Chinese diplomatic muscle from what many analysts believe t0 be an increasingly exasperated BeiJing. ー Thoseare the thingsthaemaymget Kim Jong Un's head straight. One miscalculation away from the next Korean ar is way t00 close tO foranyones comfort. ロ

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⑧ s ⑧⑧ MAY 0 5 , 2 017 / v 0 L . 168 / N 0 . 16 ー N T E R N AT ー 0 N A L Russia Brothers in Harm France The (Far) Right Stuff 30 「 a 可 The Professional Occupation Venezuela The Caracas Curse 24 26 DO NOt Drink Until Further Notice Do 20t Drink Until Further Notice g01 、 33 N E W W 〇 R L D 46 Robots A Wriggle in Time 48 Saturn The Hiss of Life 51 AnimaIs Tomb With a View 52 HIV Sugar Daddies Can Kill 十 THIRSTY YOUTH: Fountains are marked in a FIint, Michigan, high school. DonaId Trump's focus on infrastructure coincides with an urgent need tO transform c and state water systems in the U.S. D E P A R T M E N T S W E E K E N D 54 The PIace to Be Stockholm ー nte rvi ew Matteo Cibic 60 Books The Garden of Peter Marino; 」 effrey Rosen; paula Cocozza Screening Room American Gods 3 Radar Louise Lawler 64 Parting ShOt ¯The Sun, 570 Meters, Hiroshima' 引 G S H 〇 T S F E A T U R E S PariS With a Stroke of Le Pen MosuI, lraq GapYear Srinagar,lndia Have a Seat? Washington, D. C. IOO Daze 4 56 34 Madman Across the Water Taking out N01th Korea's nuclear we 叩 ons won't be quick, and it won't be easy. The Great American PothoIe QD 8 1- 62 40 D onaIdTrump'sinfrastructu renlan i s (a) too small; (b) won't work; (c) is a giveaway to the rich; (d) all of the above. M “なん e 在 , Co 叩夜・ PA G E 〇 N E 2 ー A ト Qaeda 18 Drugs 22 lslands FOR MORE HEAD 凵 NES, GOTO NEWSWEEK.COM Newsweek ( 旧 SN2052-1081 ) , is published weekly except one week in 」 anuary, 」 uly, August and October. Newsweek (EMEA) is published by Newsweek Ltd (part of the 旧 T Media Group Ltd), 25 Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 5LQ, UK. Printed by Quad/Graphics Europe Sp z 0.0.. Wyszkow, Poland Arttcle Treprints.com/Newswe 1 N E W S W E E K M AY 0 5. 2 017

トす 気・ 0 0 を , 、ん二き 酥し第当こら ~ 亠シ : いょ第・ゞえ 1- , 第物はツな物ー 十 BURIED ASSET: Some particularly industrious bad- gers tunnel under a large carcass until the ground collapses, giving that digger a week Of private feasting. energytobury a carcass larger 山 itselfshowsthe tenacityand determinationthatittakesto survive ln nature, ” Harrison con- tinues. "The badgerinthevideo clearlyunderstoodthebonanzait hadfound and took 血Ⅱ advantage ofit, regardless ofhowexhausting burying the carcass might have been. That badger was no ol. GRAVE-DIGGING BADGERS EXPLAIN THE Justlike ⅲ Other animals, some MYSTERY OF THE DISAPPEARING COWS badgers seem t0 be more willing than otherstotake on achalleng- EVAN BUECHLEY, adoctoral beenwitnessed buryinganything ingtask, says Howard Clark, a biggerthanitself, letalone a calf studentattheUniversityofUtah wildlifebiologistwhoworkswith was disappointed. He'd spentalot carcass four times itS Size. a consulting group ⅲ California oftime and effortdraggingacow and has studied kitfoxes andbad- As Buechley and other study carcass tO a 、 area and then authors—includingEthan gers. He adds thatbadgers may staking it down t0 studywhat Frehner, a senioratthe University playa largerthanexpected ro 厄ⅲ scavengers might come tO eat ofUtah—explain, the badgers breaking down and recyclingthe nutrients 仕 om large animals. itand how. Butitappearedthat excavated large holes underneath some creatures, perhaps a band 0f the cows thatthen collapsed, Badgers are found 仕 om coyotes, had dragged itaway. allowing the animals t0 make Mexico tO the United States tO His chagrin turned tO elation, their bovine quarry disappear. Canada, where they have been classified as endangered. They though, upon downloading The れ VO creaturesthen spentup photos 仕 om the motion- tO lldays intheirnewunder- are doing better ⅲ the United triggered camera next t0 the kill. ground abode, feasting on dead States, though they have been The pictures revealed a badger meat and sleeping. extirpated 仕 om many areas, and Robert Harrison, a wildlife their population is declining. completelyburying the cow, something that has never been biologist at the Umversity 0fNew Buechley says the finding —witnessed beforeAnothero exicowhowasn tinvolved ・ howsthe -importanceofthis the seven carcasses he left out in the paper, says the finding and kind ofbasic research intO the video "[give] us but afleetingand the wilderness had almost been natural world, which is becom- mg more dffcult t0 get funded. burie d by another badger in alluring glimpse into the world (Th1S studywas supportedby a ofbadgers, a world many 0fus under れ VO days. biologlstswould love t0 enterand grant 仕 om the National Science Priort0thisfinding, detailed ⅲ Foundation. ) Says Buechley, If stay infor a long,longume. Being astudypublished on March31 ⅲ we don t know such a conspicu- mindful, ofcourse, that eating the を s 川 No ん A 川加 4 〃 Na 加 - ous behavior ofone ofthe most rottenmeatin adirtburrowsuits —ralist,badgerswere known onlyto widespread animals in North badgers much better than us. "cache, or bury, small creatures "That such a small animal America, [rmagine alll we don't like rodents and, on thelarge end know aboutthenatural world."ta wouldexpend the timeand ==jackrabbitsÄbadgerhadneve BY DOUG MAIN NEWSWEEK 51 MAY05, 2017

an early March mormng on Washington, D. C. 's K Street—the boulevard synonymous with political influence the way New York's Fifth Avenue is with high- end shopping or the Champs-Elysé e s with love. L0bbyists and lawyers, bure aucrats and bankers gath- ered for a conference on America's infrastructure nightmare. And many 0f them were ln a rut so deep not even the nifty model ofsleek subway cars next tO the coffee and croissants could lighten their mood. They all knew President Donald Trump has been promising a massive plan tO rebuild America's infra- structure since the day he descended that Trump Tower escalator ln 2015 and announced his unlikely bid for the White House. And they all knew that no plan has yet been announced. And that makes many people antsy, even angry. Those wh0 live 0 代 govern- ment largesse are eager for his rhetoric tO turn 1ntO a golden shower ofdollars. And those millions 0fAmer- icans stuck in traffc (the average driver is Jammed up 43 hours a year) or rolling their eyes at the (sad!) state of New York City 's LaGuardia A1rport—both former Vice President Joe Biden and Trump have likened it tO a Third World country—want some one (anyone ! ) tO d0 something (anything ! ) to fix this damn me ss. WhiIe shoveling down NuteIIa crepes and green- power smoothies, plenty 0fthe experts at that power event were alSO chewing on grave concerns about what the president will propose to, as he promised, completely fix Amenca's infrastructure. ” Ob ama Transportation Se cretary Ray LaH00d says America one big pothole " and laments that raising the gas tax or taking Other reasonable measures tO fix the coun- try s transportation rat ne st are 0 代 the table. S enator SheIdon Whitehouse , a Democrat from Rhode lsland, 他 ars Trump's plan could turn into a boondoggle for private lnvestors. Even conservative Texas Republi- can Repre sentative Blake Farenth01d is doubtful that the rosy scenarios for getting a few public dollars and using them tO entice the pnvate sector tO bulld tons Of roads will work. "That's going to be tough," he says. Later that morning, a few blocks away at the White House, the president metwith his infrastructure team, N E W S W E E K 42 including Secretary of Transportation Elaine Ch ao, and top advisers and the New York billionaires Trump tapped t0 head a kind 0f business advisory board for his infrastructure push: Richard Le Frak, whos e fam- ily's company is a behemoth 0f New York real estate, and Steven R0th, one of G0tham's largest realtors. The president told the group he wants t0 see money going t0 roads and bridges and sewer repair right away, and he doesn t want states tO screw around with regulatory delays. But anyone hoping for actual, you know, was played for a sucker. Trump didn't present his plan that day, or any day since. We have only that glint of an ide a he flicke d at in his joint address t0 Congress ⅲ March, when he called for a $ 1 trillion investment in infrastructure. Buthe le 代 it unclear how much 0f that would be direct govern- ment spending on roads and bridges and the like, and hOW much would be tax breaks tO induce private com- panie s t0 build such things. Adding t0 the confusion, a couple ofweeks later, when the president tossed his ー wish-list budget t0 Congress—the one that got all that attention for hiking defense spending and bringing down the curtain on the National Endowment for the Arts—there was no $ 1 trillion line item for roads and bridges. ln fact, his proposed budget had money for infrastructure than is currently being spent, and programs such as Community Development Block Grants, or CDBGs, were cut back significantly. Trump and administration offcials keep saymg a big infrastructure plan is coming, perhaps even tacked on t0 another bill—"l may put it in with some- thing else because it's a very popular thing," he told The N どル物ⅸ襯 in early April. But so far, everyone is just guessing. House Minority Leader Nancy pelosi keeps saymg, 'Where's the bill?" and Republicans don't seem tO know much more than she does. The House s top member on infrastructure issue s, Bill Shuster, a Pennsylvania RepubIican who chairs the transportatlon committee, thinks Trump might tuck his plan intO a must-pass reauthorization Of funding forthe Federal AuationAdministration later this year. Some think it could get stuffed into a big tax reform proposal, but that seems improbable since many Democrats vow to block any package until Trump releases his returns. And that seems about as likely as him swapping Mar-a-Lago for a sixth-floor walk-up. For a president W1th high negatives, a masslve infra- structure intervention has the unusual appeal Ofbe ing popular with everybody. (During the presidential pri- maries, b0th Trump and Bernie Sanders often cited the high- quality road s and airports in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates or lnchon, South Korea, while b emoaning the shabby state Of Ame rica's infrastruc- ture. ) P011s show that a huge percentage ofAmericans favor spending more on infrastructure, WhiCh iS no surpnse in a country where roads are potted, sewer pipes leak, bridges buckle and dams burst. ln March, M A Y 0 5 , 2 017

0 十 MINE CONTROL: Critics say Venezu- ela is making the same mistake with mining that it has with petroleum; it's still relying on natural resources instead Of building a more balanced economy. 0 0 0 0 0 The Caracas Curse VENEZUELA'S RELIANCE ON OIL HAS DESTROYED ITS ECONOMY. NOW IT HAS A NEW PANACEA—MINING—THAT ANALYSTS SAY WILL LEAD TO ANOTHER DISASTER been a surge ofinterest 仕 om estimates. Every night, people ACROSS THE globe, countries companies in Canada, Europe with massive Oil reserves are line up ⅲ front ofbakeries, often poor, corrupt and ineffl- pharmacies and supermarkets, and Africa. Yet critics say Venezuela is cient, relying almost exclusively hoping t0 buy what they need making the same mistake with on petroleum instead Of invest- in the morning before there's nothing 厄代 . ln mid- tO late mrnmg as it has with petro - in Other industries. When leum; it's still relying on natural pnces are high money abounds, April, protesters filled the streets ofCaracas and other resources instead ofbuilding but when prices fall, the econo- a balanced economy. The only my Often spirals intO disaster. maJOr cities tO protest the way for the country tO become government, where the police Such a meltdown IS now stable again, they say, is for Mad- playing out ⅲ Venezuela, which used tear gas and clashes 厄代 more than a dozen dead and uro tO diversifythe economy, has the world's largest proven 0 ⅱ reduce corruption and set aside many more wounded. reserves. During the late 2000S , funds for downturns. Nowthe government, which the nation's 0 ⅱ and gas industry Another problem with Ven- helped fund President Hugo blames many ofits problems on ezuela's thirst for mining: the Chåvez s ambitious social pro- economic warfare' by foreign envlronment. About 70 percent grams—from building massive powers and local business inter- Ofthe country's fresh water is ests, has a new panacea: mllllng. housing pr0Jects t0 employing the. southoftheArc housandso€Cubandoctor nAugust last yearypresid Minero, and critics fear that But not long after Chåvez's Nicolås Maduro opened up mcreased mineral excavation the Arco Minero, an area in death in 2013 , 0 ⅱ prices began will pollute the water and leave the Amazon that amounts tO t0 slide, and that, coupled with it undrinkable;especially for the widespread corruptlon and poor 12 percent Ofall ofVenezuela s area S many indigenous people. government- owned land, for economrc management, has led As Alicia Moncada, an indige- large - scale mimng operations. tO the country 'S 、 vorst economic The area is replete with gold nous Venezuelan WhO teaches cnsis in its history. TOday, history at the Central University copper, coltan and diamonds, Venezuela suffers 伝 om hyper- ⅲ Caracas, puts it, "lt's basically among Other natural resources, inflation that might hit 1 , 660 the whole VenezueIan Amazon and experts say it's worth about percent this year, accordingto hat is put at nsk. " ロ 10 billion. Maduro says there' ternational MonetaryFun BY BRAM EBUS NEWSWEEK 33 MAY05 , 2017