/ を 1 を DATA WHERE ARE KIDS BULLIED? Morocco has one Of the lowest rates Of bullying among children ages 13 tO 15 , according tO the initiative Know Violence in Childhood. Here, the share of kids from a range Of countries WhO say theywere bullied: 16 % Croatia 1 % Morocco FIRED UP Firefighters jOin demonstrators in Barcelona on Oct. 3 during a daylong strike in the northeastern region Of CataIonia tO protest Spain's violent crackdown on people attempting tO VOte in a disputed independence referendum on Oct. 1. Catalan leader Carles Puigdemont has threatened tO declare independence after the vote, a move that could provoke Spain tO suspend home rule in the region. Photograph by Manu Fernandez—AP/REX/Shutterstock OPEN QUESTION The issue has divided lawmakers since 2004 , when then prime MinisterJohn Howard Australia has its say changed the Marriage Act t0 define marriage as on same-sex marriage being between a man and a woman. Twenty-one bills related to same-sex marriage have failed in the AUSTRALIANS ARE VOTING IN A NATIONWIDE ま poll on legalizing same-sex marriage, called the parliament since then. The fragile Liberal-National governing coalition, popular in conservative Marriage Law Postal Survey. Opinion polls suggest the result, expected on NOV. 15 , will be ⅲ favor 0f areas, iS split 0 Ⅱ the issue between reformers and traditionalists. Turnbull has backed a yes vote but mamage equality, but hurdles remain before that has shied away from taking a can be legalized. maJOr role in the campaign. POSTAL VOTE On Sept. 12 every WIDE BACKING Australia is one Australian wh0 has registered ofthe few developed nations yet tO vote was se nt a ballot ask- tO legalize same-sex marriage, ing, "Should the law be changed in spite 0f the maj ority 0f polls tO allow same-sex couples tO since 2007 showlng Australians marry? ” The governme nt, led in support. Yet this vote might by Prime Minister Malcolm not resolve the question; TurnbuII, has promised a vote in this poll, unlike normal on the issue in the parliament Australian elections, voting isn't by the end ofthe year ifthe ma- compulsory and anything less JOrity ofvoters opt for yes. But An estimated than a stellar turnout could strengthen LGBT activists point out that lawmakers 9.2 mi 伍 0 れ e 叩 opponents ofsame-sex marriage in the are not bound tO VOte along the lines Of had voted ⅲ the parliament. —TARAJOHN what the country says it wants. Ⅳ as 可 Oct. 3 WORLD 26 % U. S. 30 % Germany 47 % Peru 74 % Samoa

For the Record $ 846 , 6 9 Amount Of money that the 0 「 igi れ Breakfast at Tiffany's script, annotated by its star Audrey Hepburn, SO 馗 fO 「 at Christie's in London, setting a 肥 CO for the highest price paid fO 「 a film script at an auction ・ / 亡 seems crazy, exciting and わレ a 「肥ー わ氈由 a p ℃わ a わ 角〇Ⅳ my / seems わ m 〇 st pe 〇 p/e. ' 0 0 0 CHER, pop star, announcing The CherShow, a musical about her careerthatwiIJ open on Broadway in the fall 0f2018 1 HAD TROUBLE 'Dr. Seuss's EVEN illustrations are steeped G ETTIN G in racist MY SHOES 0 propaganda, ▽ 0N THIS caricatures MORNING.' 2024 and harmful stereotypes. ' MICHAELYOUNG, U. S. biologist, on being rattled aftergetting an LIZ PHIPPSSOEIRO, librarian, explainingwhy early-morning call saying she didn't accept the 10 Dr. Seuss bOOks he hadwon a Nobel Prize in that First Lady MeIania Trump donated tO a Medicineforhis research Cambridge, Mass. , elementary schOOI on biological clocks OSIRIS-REx The NASA spacecraft tOOk gorgeous photos Of Earth en route tO asteroid Bennu レ 0 つ・を , 0 つ PASSPORT G000 WEEK BAD WEEK Rex Tillerson PresidentTrump tweeted that the Secretary Of State is wasting time trying tO negotiate with North Korea Year by which SpaceX founder 日 on Musk says he will send a manned rocket tO Mars 3.95 b 0 取 Age Of a rock containing organic material found in Canada's Labrador region, thought tO be some Of the earliest known life on Earth, according tO new research published in the journal Nature 'IT WAS JUST A KILL B 〇 X. ' ILLUSTRATIONS BY BROWN BIRD DESIGN FOR TIME RUSSELL BLECK, 28 , describingthe scramble amid the barrage Of bullets that authorities say Stephen Paddock, 64,fired onto a countryconcertfrom the 32nd floorofthe MandaIay Bay Resortand Casino in Las Vegas on Oct. 1 , kiIlingatIeast59 people and injuring morethan 520 in the deadliest mass shootingin recent U. S. history 'NO REFERENDUM HAS BEEN HELD CATALONIA TODAY' MARIANO RAJOY, Prime Minister Of Spain, declaring the CataIan independence referendum invalid amid a bIOOdy police crackdown tO stop the VOte 4 TIME Oct0ber 16 , 2017 SOURCES: ASSOCIATED PRESS; FOX NEWS; VARIETY

し 190 , NO. 15 ー 2017 2 ー Conversation 4 ー For the Record News 斤 om the し S. and around the Ⅳ 0 「 / d 引 NeiI Gorsuch acts as ifhe's been on the U. S. Supreme Court foryears 引 Spain faces a constitutional criSiS with Catalonia 8 llan Bremmer: The danger of tinkering with the lran deal ユ例 Remembering rocker Tom Petty ユ 2 llndia's deadly culture wars 1 引 China wants tO lead the charge on battery manufacturing The Brief The View ldeas, opinion, innovations 1 引 What athlete s stand tO lose as the feds probe NCAA basketball coaches ユ引 Canadian Thanksgiving's A. merican roots 1 引 Bjarke lngels designs a campus for Dubai's space program The Features American Tragedy The deadliest mass shooting in recent U. S. history renews questions about drawing the line on gun rights Philip Elli0tt 0 れ d H Sweetland Edwards 18 Puerto Rico's Future Maria laid waste tO the U. S. territory but also gave the troubled island a chance at a fre sh start ByKarI c た 28 Breast-Cancer Awareness HOW care iS becoming more personalizedByAlice Park and Alexandra Sifferlin 36 Ron Chernow's Grant The biographer discusses his new bookonthe 18thU. S. President B. ア 0 市 ma れ 40 Time Off What tO watch, read, see and dO 4 引 Q&A with Blade れれ er sequel director DeniS Villeneuve 4 The 0 d “ Project, a magic kingdom 4 引 WiII & Grace returns to the small screen 50 lJennifer Egan's latest novel 5 ー Susanna Schrobsdorff: How to help victims of mass tragedies 52 ー 6 Questions— illustrated—by cartoonist ROZ Chast A ~ 0 〃 waits near 0 damaged bridge ⅲ Morovis, 2 . on Oct. 1 Photograph Andres Kudacki forTIME ONTHE COVER: The deadliest mass shootings in modern American history, based on a database collected by MOth er Jones; ・ the incidents date back to 1982 and include on ツ indiscriminate shootings that occurred in public places TIME Asia is published 可 TIME Asia (Hong Kong) Limited. TIME publishes eight double issues. Each counts as two of 52 issues in an annual subscriptlon. TIME may 引 so publish occasional extra issues. ◎ 2017 Time Asia (Hong Kong) Limited. AII rights reserved. Reprcxiuction in whOle orin wt wlthout wntten EHmission is prohibited. TIME and the Red Border Design are protected 物「 ou trademark registration in the U. S. and in the where TIME m a 乙 circulates. MemtH, Audit Bureau Of Circulatlons. Su地0h2博: lfthe postal services alertusthatyourmagazine is undeliverable,we have no 和「ⅱ ga も on unlesswe receive acMrected addresswithintwoyears. F 24 / 7s ⅵ , 池 am 0 浦′ e a s 回 0 ′ 9 online, pleæ v 忙徹 / / 、、 w. 朝引äsu . / ′ⅵ 8. p わ p. You may 引 SO email our Customer Services Center at eれqⅵ村儕@物ne田ね.* 0 「 call ( 852 ) 312 & 5688 , orwrite tO Time Asia (Hong Kong) Limited, 37 / F, Oxford House,Taikoo PIace, 979 King's Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong.ln 」 apan,these aree れ 4 ⅵ村角れ le れ 00E0 「 0120666236 (Free DiaI) 0r2-51-27FA ね go , MinatO-ku,Tokyo 1056227. A 部 t : Forinformation and rates, HongKongTeIephone: ( 852 ) 312 & 5169. Orvisit: 廿h冶航0.com/n面ねk肥 Reprint: lnformation is available at ine. 0 ゾれ肥 / hep . To requestcustom reprints, ⅵ sit ゼれ lerep .8 皿 Mailinglist: We make a ⅲ on ofour mailing list available to reputablefirms. lfyou would prefer that 、肥 not include your name, please cnntact ou 「 Customer Services Center. TIME Asia is edited in Hong Kong and printed in Singapore and Hong Kong. Singapore MCI ( 円 NO. 06 〃 08 / 2017. Malaysia KKDN permit no. PPS 676 / 03 / 2013 ( 022933 ).

0 も 0 g linesfor gasoline, 石た e this one in Sa れ 1u0 れ 0 れ Sept. 30 , were 0 common sight after the storm; president Trump tosses 0 ro れ 0 工を aper towels intO decade, people have been leaving in historic num- Puert0 Rico began September ⅲ its usual place, bers; more PuertO Ricans Ⅱ 0 、 live on the mainland on the dim edge ofAmericans' awareness. Just after Maria made landfall, a poll found that nearly halfof than on the island, and Maria will accelerate the ex- odus. The Climate lmpact Lab estimates that the Americans did not know Puerto Ricans were U. S. citi- storm could knock back per capita economic out- zens. That likely wouldn't be true a month later, but put by 21 % over the next 15 years. the confusion is understandable, given the island's lt's possible the storm will underscore the mes- muddy history with the mainland. sage many Puert0 Ricans have already absorbed: that Claimed for Spain by Christopher COIumbus a population 0f brown-skinned, Spanish-speaking on his second trip tO the New World, Puert0 RiC0 Americans counts forless. Yet senior Puerto Rican Of- ("Rich Port ” ) was taken along with Cuba and other is- ficials reckon that, along with sea cows, the storm can lands by the U. S. in the 1898 Spanish-American War. also produce a fresh start. Trump himself provided lt has remained part ofthe U. S. ever since, in no small the first evidence of the transformation during his part by ch0ice. Repeatedly if narrowly, voters have trip. Speaking ofthe territory's $ 73 billion debt, the opted tO maintain the status quo as a U. S. territory, President said, "We're going tO have tO wipe that out. ” though with 10 times as many people as the 0ther A White House offcial later disavowed the promise, four U. S. territories combined. Puerto Ricans are in- and a recovery package is only just taking sh 叩 e ⅲ deed citizens, but they have no voting representa- Congress. But it was wind at the back ofthose urging tive in Congress and cannot VOte for President. The both sides, supplicant island and historical master, commonwealth arrangement leaves PuertO RiCO in tO escape a shared history. the gray zone that is familiar in bOth Latin America and the Caribbean, where economic, political and in- IF PUERTO RICO 、 A STATE, it would rank in termittent military domination by the U. S. has been area near Connecticut, the nation's richest. But in a fact oflife ever since the Monroe Doctrine. Only in terms ofincome, it would displace Mississippi as the PuertO RiCO, it's more direct. poorest ofthe poor. The poverty rate is about 45 %. When the U. S. Navy needed a bombing range, it "lfwe're going tO rebuild and reconstruct, it has set one up on Vieques, an islet Off the main island's t0 be for the right reasons; ” says Cruz, the San Juan eastern shore. ln 1976 , Congress gave PuertO Rico mayor. "We have tO reshape our society. As awful as a financial boon by allowing companies tO operate this has been, it's an opportunity." ln her baseball there tax-free. Twenty years later, Congress began to cap and glasses, Cruz has been at the vortex 0f the phase out the law. The island's government contin- political storm that followed the meteorological one. ued to spend, however, bridging the growing chasm She called out FEMA and parried the fusillade from by issuing bonds it could not pay off. Legally unable Trump. Yet even she hesitated to publicly broach tO de clare bankruptcy, it surrendered control of its the issue Of whether the emergency could restore finances, again by an act of Congress, to a federally the island's autonomy. 'We are all shying away from appointed oversight board. "This board is strangely that, because we don't want the discourse to change, reminiscent Of the Executive Council, which ruled she tells TIME. "We don't want it to be about politics, the island between 1900 and 1917 , " writes Jorge we want it tO be about 1 ⅳ es. ” Duany Of Florida lnternational University. PuertO "Of course; ” she adds, 'politics affect lives. ” Ricans call it the "junta. ” NOTE: DAMAGE IS A HIGH ・ RANGE ESTIMATE. IRMA ESTIMATE INCLUDES DAMAGE TO GEORGIA, PUERTO RICO AND THE U. S. VIRGIN ISLANDS. SOURCES: MERCATUS CENTER; BLS: MOODY'S ANALYTICS; CENSUS A population already i ng DEBT Per capita S20 , 366 PU ERTO R ℃ 0 $2 , 144 U. S. UNEMPLOYMENT August 2017 10 上 PUERTO R ℃ 0 4 IJ. S. WAGES Average weekly S509 PUERTO R ℃ 0 $1 , 121 U. S.

6 Questions R02 C as ま The author Of the new graphic memoir GOing IntO Town: A Love Letter tO New YO on tourists, the subway and pests in her beloved city Manypeop1ehavewrittenodestoNewYorkCity. at 、 yo ー NO. 1 pfor eo 厄 mo g Ⅷ ya 臧住 y 例取 et0 を at ま ? toManhattanforthenrsttime? YÖu 物帚伏引 5 。十叩“洋な工 ( “久 k で十代 , 工Ⅲ k 十畆 ( ワ 十し w 人 y 工 , ・仏計 0 ′ 0 0 60 : れこ「 : drWe 0 000 0 山巳 ese 多〃讐月′。。 00 Whatwasyourworst1ivingsituation? Ⅷ at YO ー favo ま g ⅲ Ce 取む P ? 久旧くト纒 ( 。 ( 十。市 しは異 say 工イ。第十 ( 久代ぞ。「 COCkRÖAcg€S. に・ 1 口に 1 ! ・、、わ 0 匕 00 川 / 90/Peo?te ヤ 0 Ⅷ a まま e ー顧 a Ma 面 a a 取 fo s ? What'syourfavoriteview? A 、計ナ w ぞ「 d09 長ぅ。計 S±anÅinø久「。十。 ( 久十。 A 当。 & 十 邸 5 久ハ 9 十 0 5 ( 十月 0 。も・づ ov 「しり久 r 計 . 工 代ぞいキに & ソ計 , 十し OU 00 0 一 朝ィ 1 にド」一ぞ ) 、 0 れ 0 ー ILLUSTRATIONS BY ROZ C 工 AST FOR TIME 0 .6. —SARAH BEGLEY 52 TIME Oct0ber 16 , 2017

Conversation TIMETO ACT WE'LL MISS YOU, NANCY RE "THE ANGELS OF IRMA ” RE "HERTIME ” [SEPT. 25 ] : [Sept. 2 引 : Your coverage 0f lt was with a heavy heart that Hurricane lrma would have I read 0fNancy Gibbs' resig- been better ifit made the nation. Along with SO many point that this is just the be- readers, I have savored her ginning oflosing billions 0f words ofwisdom, unfail- dollars and countless lives ingly expressed with pas- because ofclimate change. sion, warmth and preciS10n. Climate-change deniers say She has been the perfect role this is not the time tO talk model for aspiringjournal- about climate change. And ists and authors. ln her final they're right: now is the time pr0Ject, "Firsts: Women Wh0 tO dO something about reduc- Are Changing the World ” ing carbon emissions. These [Sept. 18 ] , surely the most recent storms occurred in the glaring omission is Gibbs her- am SO proud 0f Clint0 n, and I regime Of Hanoi. The inno- heart ofoil land in the Gulfof self. To quote Gibbs, she has cannot begin tO express hOW Mexico. Was it earth's way of cent South Vietnamese civil- certainly earned that "special much this article meant tO saymg, "HOW about using re- lan casualties are only passing place in heaven forwomen me. ln 30 years at my work- bystanders in the story. who shine the light and share newable energy, fellas? ” place, I witnessed that as Richard Seigle, it with others. ” Duong Nguyen, MCLEAN, VA. women aimed tO go higher, Anne Maree Teasdale, YUCCA VALLEY, CALIF. likability trumped compe- WHY HILLARY LOST OCEAN GROVE, AUSTRALIA tence and worthiness. RE "HILLARY CLINTON SELECTIVE MEMORY Writes the First Draft ofHer Yvonne Schwab, RE "THE WAR THAT BROKE I HAVE BEENA TIME SUB- the Country ” [Sept. 2 引 : History ” [Sept. 2 引 : I wasn't a scriber since I was in the U. S. HUNTINGTON BEACH, CALIF. fan ofeither Donald Trump or The Vietnam War touched Armyin 1951. I am 88 now countless families, taking an Hillary Clinton, but the fact and feel as ifl have just lost a that I did not vote for her had SETTING THE RECORD dear friend. I eagerly looked immeasurable toll 0 n Amer- STRAIGHT ln For the Record ic ans. Thank you for provid- nothing to do with her being for Gibbs' column and was re- (Sept. 18 ) , we incorrectly stated that freshed with her ideas. I know ing this article SO that we can a woman. Many chose not NASA has been tracking asteroids since 1890. NASA was created ⅲ remember the waste in lives tO vote for her because they the days ofthe glossy print 1958. ln the same lssue, a Ticker item magazine are numbered, and that was expended for uned- questioned her honesty and wrongly stated that New Jersey GOV- I am hanging on with TIME ucated decisions. lt seems we integrity. This is mentioned ernor ChriS Christie would name a replacement for Senator BOb Menen- are about tO make the same nowhere in this ' poor me as long as it continue s tO de- dez ifthe Senator were convicted Of diatribe. I do believe we are liver news in a knowledge- mistakes again. corruption-related charges. ln fact, able and eloquent fashion. I Tom Westlund, ready for a female President, this is only one ofseveral possibili- ties. AISO in the issue, in "The Phi- WiSh Gibbs continued success j ust not Hillary Clinton. MARINETTE, WIS. losopher King; ” we misidentified the and happiness. My enjoy- Jim Packett, DURHAM, N. C. title of Ethan Rarick. He is associate ment oflife has been substan- director Of the lnstitute Of Govern- READING REVIEWS ABOUT mental Studies at the University of tively improved because of Ken Burns' PBS series The I WANT TO THANK SUSANNA California, Berkeley. ln "The Angels S chrob sdorff for putting into her unwitting presence and Vietnam Ⅵ厄ら I came tO the Of lrma ” ( Sept. 25 ) , we mischaracter- ized the number Of students affected contribution. conclusion that Americans words so many thoughts I by Hurricane lrma. The storm af- Ma ⅱ 0 れ s h Tenhundfeld, care only about their side and have had about what hap- fected more than 2.4 million children their enemy, the communist pened in last year's election. I MILFORD, OHIO across the Caribbean. 1 H E A N 0 を 0 TALK TO US SEND AN EMAIL: letters@timemagazine. 00E please dO not send attachments Se れ d 0 letter: Letters tO the Editor must include writer'sfull name, address 0 〃 d home telephone, may be editedfor purposes 可 clarity or space, and should be addressed to the nearest ofice: HONG KONG - TIME Magazine Letters, 37 / F , Ox ′ d House, Taikoo Place, 979 King's Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong; JAPAN - TIME Magazine し e ers , 2- 1-27F Atago, Tokyo 10 6227 , Japan, PIease recycle this magazine and EUROPE - TIME Magazine し e e , PO BOX 63444 London, SEIP 5F 」 , UK; remove inserts AUSTRALIA - TIM E Magazine Letters, GPO Box 3873 , Sydney, NSW 2001 , AustraIia; and samples NEW ZEALAND - TIM E Magazine e , PO Box 198 , ShortIand St. , Auckland, 1140 , New Zealand before recycling FOLLOW US.• facebook.com/time @time (Twitter and lnstagram) TIME October 16 , 2017 2

Frontiers Of Medicine Being diagnosed with breast cancer can make a person feel powerless, but there are some things women can dO tO potentially improve hOW they feelthroughout the process. Here are some strategies recommended by experts and others that are still being explored—that may enhance the effectiveness and reduce the side effects of treatment. —A. S. Surprising things that may improve breast- cancer treatment H E A し T H Y E A T ー N G Y 0 G A P H Y S ー C A し A C T ー V ー T Y A healthy diet filled with IOts Of fruits Up tO 80 % Of women with breast cancer Exercising during treatment won't be easy and vegetables, which contain fiber and in North America use complementary for everyone, but it can be worthwhile or integrative therapies, and one Of the when women feel uptO it. "Exercise is antioxidants, iS good preventive medicine. When researchers in a 2016 study asked most studied Of those is yoga. A steady one Ofthe bestthings women can dO forthemselves," says Dr. Ann Partridge, women whatthey had eaten as teenagers, practice may even lessen the side effects Of treatment.ln a 2017 study, doing yoga director Of the Program for Young Women those whO reported eating about three with Breast Cancer at Dana-Farber Cancer servings Of fruit a day as teens had a atleast twice a week improved sleep and reduced daytime drowsiness in women lnstitute. ・・ Walking three tO five times a week 25 % lower risk ofdeveloping breast can make a huge difference in howyou feel cancerlater on than those whO ate less. with breast cancer.lt may 引 SO help after during treatment. " lt's good for the brain t00. Eating well throughout treatment is SO treatment is over. A 2016 study Of 200 helpful, says Partridge. "Take care ofyour breast-cancer survivors found that women A study Of 87 breast-cancer survivors found that those whO did 12 weeks Of exercise temple," she says. You don't necessarily whO practiced yoga had less fatigue have tO startjuicing, but "don't overdo it and fewer markers Of inflammation than scored better on some cognitive tests than with carbs or comfort foods. women WhO didn't exercise. those whO didn't. M E D ー T A T ー 0 N lt's a 0 important tO take good care Of your mind, says Partridge. "When you are emotionally not dOing well, you feel things more physically. " Partridge says that when people feeltired, stressed or upset, they may perceive their physical symptoms Of cancer as worse. She recommends adopting calming practices like mindfulness meditation. A 2014 review Of research found that meditation is effective at treating symptoms of mood disorders that are common among women with a recent breast-cancer diagnosis, like anxiety and depression. T R E A T M E N T T ー M ー N G Research is stillin the very early stages. But in 2014 , researchers atthe Weizmann lnstitute Of Science found evidence in mice that cancer treatment might be more effective in the evening. 旧 their study, a mouse's daytime production Of steroid hormones hindered the effects Of certain receptors that are targeted by cancer drugs. Scientists don't know if humans may be more receptive tO treatment at night, but if evening treatment proves effective, shifting care a few hours may be a simple waytO make medications more powerful. S し E E P SIeep is criticalfor good health, and experts recommend that adults get seven tO nine hours each night. Growing evidence 引 SO suggests that the amount Of sleep a woman gets each night is linked tO a better chance Of survival from breast cancer.ln a 2016 study, researchers discovered that women whO sleptless than five hours a night on average before they were diagnosed with breast cancer were nearly 1.5 times as likely tO die from their disease as women whO reported sleeping seven tO eight hours a night. ILLUSTRATIONS BY 」 AMES KIM

ー 0 VEGAS WITH し OV き FROM ORLANDO BY RICARDO 」 . NEGRON-ALMODOVAR Dear Las Vegas, You now belong tO a club where membership is unwanted. The eyes Ofthe world are upon you, but not because ofyour shining spectacles Of lights and entertainment; no, the reason is fartoo bleak. Your sister cities, fellow members Of the unsolicited club, know what you are going through. We see you. We feelfor you. We are here foryou. Many will come tO your aid in this desperate time Of need. You will experience insurmountable amounts OfIove and strength tO push on. Many will 引 so come forthe show, and once deadlines are met and assignments completed, they will go on tO the next Story. Butforyou, this is not a scene that ends when the cameras roll out. Building communitywill be the keytO your healing process. Debates will ignite. Theories will be rebutted. Division will come tO make its claim. Butyou mustn'twaiver,. You are tougherthan this and you have tO focus—right now—on providing ways SO that those whO have been directly affected find their road tO recovery. You will be overwhelmed, but please be patient. SO many needs will arise, and not everyone will be readyto deal with their own personal situations at once, which is whythere must be a system in place not only tO address the initial situation but 引 SO forthe long run.lt is imperative that no one falls through the cracks in these moments of hardship that have now become far t00 common. Barely overa yearago, the OrIando community suffered from the worst crime in American history againstthe LGBTQ + and Latinx community. We suffered, yes. But we a 0 organized, and we let the world know that united we were stronger. We willjoin you through the darkness, and we will stand with you 訓 the way. Negron-Almodovaris a survivor Ofthe Pulse nightclub tragedywho works tO create safe spaces for the LGBTQ + and Latinx community in CentraI FIorida So why are measures like closing background-check loophole s and limit- ing high-c 叩 acity magazines not already law? lt's partly because a small but ⅲ - tense group Of gun-rights advocates op- pose them. A paltry 3 % 0f households own half of all 0f the guns in America, and they vote. lt is they wh0 argue most vocally that if existing gun-control laws can't stop mass shootings, why would new laws be any better? Change might make people feel good, this argument goes, but it wouldn't protect Americans. "Short ofa total ban on firearms, nothing being suggested would have st0Pljed this kind 0f shooting," says Dudley Brown, president Ofthe National Association for Gun Rights, ofthe Vegas massacre. ln one sense, history supports that argument. ln 2004 , Bill Clinton's ban on semiautomatic rifles, known as assault weapons, expired. But rather than spiking back up, the rate 0f gun homicides con- tinued to drop. From 1993 t0 2014 , that rate declined from seven firearm-related homicides per 100 , 000 Americans tO half that, according tO the Centers for Disease Control and prevention. Gun-rights ad- vocates used that as an example Of gun- control laws not working. ln truth, Clin- ton's "ban ” was so んⅡ ofloopholes no one believed it had been responsible for much ofthe decline in firearm-related deaths in the first place. But it is less logic than political fear that has thwarted the passage 0f even modest gun-control measures. AS the NRA and like-minded groups have be- come expert at harnessing a relatively small group 0f uncompromising gun- rights advocates, politicians fear being targeted in their next election. The com- bination Of money and motivation has been powerful. SO fierce was the NRA's opposition t0 Hillary Clinton lastyear that 1 in 8 ads on the air in OhiO was on guns; that ratio was 1 in 9 in North Carolina. Trump won bOth states. "The source Of the NRA's power is not simply money, says Adam Winkler, a law professor at UCLA and author of Gunfight: The Bat- tle Over the Right tO BearArms inAmenca. "The NRA's power comes from the ability tO swing voters in tight, close elections. There are a 10t Of single-issue, pro-gun voters out there that listen tO the NRNs recommendation. ” And, in the space Of gun-rights groups, the NRA is considered one Of the more moderate voices. That power opened the door t0 ex- pand gun rights on the state level. After 2004 , while advocates for limits on guns atte mpted t0 fight their way back on a federal assault-weapons bans, gun- rights groups were pushing t0 unravel restrictions elsewhere. At the state level, concealed-carry laws were loosened or abolished at a rapid clip. Many states started accepting the gun-license stan- dards oftheir counterparts, Often regard- less 0f whether they were more lax than their own. ln Nevada, 38 % 0f adults own guns, private gun sales are legal, and there are no state regulations limiting magazine c 叩 acity. Even on the federal level, where there appeared t0 be a political stalemate, gun- rights advocates found ways tO make progress on the margins. ln 2010 , a gun- parts manufacturer asked the Bureau Of AlcohoI, T0bacco, Firearms and Exp10- sives (ATF) for permission tO market a "bump stock ” that when fitted tO a semi- automatic weapon would allow the single- fire device tO unleash a constant barrage ofbullets. While the sale and ownership Of machine guns have been strictly con- trolled since the 1930S and such we 叩 ons are very rare among civilians, the com- pany argued their device would benefit handicapped gun enthusiasts, and the ATF assented. Right up until Vegas , gun-rights ad- vocates were trying tO advance laws loosening gun restrictions through the Republican-led Congress. Buried in the Sportsmen's Heritage and Recreational Enhancement (SHARE) Act, which was 'The NRA's power 00m05 曾 om the ability t0 swing 0te ー 9 ⅲ tight, 可 05e 可 00ti0 53 ADAM WINKLER,law professor at UCLA

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Democratic leader Nancy PeIosi is push- ing for a Select Committee on Gun ViO- lence, a move that may leave Republicans red-faced when they oppose it. Others are considering hOW tO wrangle Republicans t0 〕 0 ⅲ previous attempts t0 finally fund the Centers for Disease Control and pre- vention programs tO figure out just hOW much of a public-health risk guns pose. And those lobbying for tighter controls on guns say they'd rather focus on the big, stalled fights than the ones that might make a difference on the margins. "The instances Ofgun violence in thiS country using fully automatic weapons or weap- ons approximating fully automatic fire are a SI れ a11 minority Ofthe gun violence; ” says Billy Rosen, deputy legal director at Everytown for Gun Safety. Some are hoping for help 仕 om an un- likely quarter: President Trump. Sen- ate minority leader Chuck Schumer tried to find some daylight between Trump and the NRA, which spent a re- cord $ 30 million on his campaign against Hillary Clinton. "Before he was a candi- date and marched in lockstep with the NRA,: ” Schumer said, "Donald Trump expressed very a reasonable position on gun control. ” ln a way, Trump does remain the big- gest unknown. He became the first Presi- dent tO address the NRA's convention in 34 years, in April, but in 2000 he wrote, "l support the ban on assault weapons, and I support a slightly longer waiting pe- riod to purchase a gun. ” And the Presi- dent does pride himself on being a deal- maker. West Wing aides worried that a single segment on cable television, or a moment in Trump's visit tO Las Vegas on Oct. 4 , might provoke an impulsive state- ment with the power tO reshape the gun- rights debate in America. But the presi- dent stayed on message when asked about gun control as he ViSited survivors at University Medical Center in Las Vegas. "We're not going to talk about that today; ” he said. Former White House strategist Stephen Bannon tried t0 quash talk 0f such an unlikely deal telling Axios that the blowback for any Trump surprise on gun control would destroy the President's governing coalition. Bannon is probably right that Trump won't flip, because the cornerstone Of this debate, after all, isn't really about guns. lt's about something IT'S ALWAYS MEN BY 」ル日リ PO Ⅵ 0 Another mass shooting in America, another round Of questions. Was the shooter a terrorist or a lone WO げ ? (Read: "Was he Muslim?") Did he have a political agenda? Was he mentally Ⅲ ? Why would someone dO this? One question we never ask: Was the shooter a man? The answer iS always the same. Ofthe 134 mass shooters who have preyed on Americans since 1966 , three have been women, making mass shooting a 98 % male enterprise. Ninety percent of murderers are men—firearms are used in close to 70 % of homicides. Plenty has been written aboutthe relationship between masculinity and guns: hOW gunmakers centeradvertising campaigns on macho status, hOW a startlingly high proportion Of mass shooters have a history ofabusing women, hOW more than half Of mass shootings involve a man killing ()r trying tO kill) an intimate, taking Others out along with her. Butthe reality Of American men and gun violence iS as much about a hypermasculine fetishization Of murdertoys as it is abouttribalidentity, a deepening identification ofselfand clan that radicalizes marginal views and magnifies personal entitlement and social distrust. ThiS iS a communal masculine ideology, not an individual one. There is no lone WO げ . There is a rabid WO げ pack. Almost half ofthe world's civilian-owned guns are in the hands ofAmericans. But those guns are not distributed equally. Many are hoarded by "super-owners," a group Of mostly male extremists whO make upjust 3 % Ofthe adult'population but own an average Of 17 guns apiece. Women are increasingly buying handguns fO 「 protec- tion, and that seems tO be their actual motivation: they own a single gun, and they keep it in case Of an emergency (one sus- pects that the imagined assailant they are protecting themselves from is a man). MaIe gun owners are more likely tO bind their recreationallives and identities tO guns and "gun culture," according tO Pew: they hunt, go shooting, watch gun イ elated shows on TV and seek out more gun-related recreation and information. ThiS intersects with Other aspects Of identity: 95 % Of conservative Republican gun owners agree that "the right tO own guns is essentialto their own sense Of freedom. ” White men are much more likely tO own guns than non-whites, and the super-owners amassing arsenals Of weapons are particularly likely tO be white, male and conservative. Among gun hoarders—those whO own atleast five guns—almost half say being a gun owner is "very important" tO their identity. Being friends with Other gun owners 引 SO increases the probability that a person will tie their identity tO gun ownership, and gun owners tend tO socialize with Other gun owners: 54 % Of men whO own guns say all 0 「 most oftheir friends own guns t00. 旧 Other words, there is less a broad American fixation with guns than there is a subculture Of mostly white, mostly male, mostly conservative gun obsessives. Within this group, gun ownership is as much a hObby and an effort at self-defense as it is a way tO forge an identity and bond with a like-minded community. The gun is simply the (extremely literal) external symbol Of the underlying ideology: white male power comes through physical domination. These are the same men we have been hearing a lOt about lately—angry and displaced white men. From their slipping status comes fear,. What a feeling, then, tO hO 旧 a gun—especially if you feel entitled tO dominance but see your Other channels for it waning. There is no greater power than the ability tO kill, a power made SO easy that a man doesn't have tO train or build physical strength 0 「 think creatively 0 「 work for it; he merely has tO curl a fingertip and POP POP POP ・ The fear that drives the demand for more guns and renewed male authority iS, Of course, irrational. The vast majority Of people never need a gun for protection (the presence Of a gun in the house makes you more vulnerableto deadlyviolence). Violent crime in the U. S. has been decliningfor years. Women, immigrants and people Of colorare dOing betterthan in the past, but we are not anywhere close tO overtaking the white male grip on power. This reality-based narrative, though, does not serve the interests Of the wealthy few whO benefit colossally from one party's one-percent benevolence, or the companies that make astounding sums when credulous citizens are distracted intO looking the Other way.lt makes political and economic sense tO encourage conservative white gun-owning men tO double down on their identities by giving them advocates in Congress and their own set Of facts.lt certainly makes financial sense forgun manufacturers, WhiCh thrive on selling consumers multiple firearms and accessories. Why dO you need more than one gun? "Why dO you need more than one pair ofshoes?" Philip van Cleave, president ofthe Virginia Citizens Defense League, asked, in the Guardian. 仕 is undeniable that more guns mean more gun deaths. But we choose tO let this ecosystem thrive, even as we bleed out. We comfort ourselves with vapidities about "lone wolves," these unpredictable animals whose behavior cannot be restrained or tamed. HOW many Of them have tO strike before we realize there's a whOle pack out there, some ofthem preying but 訓 ofthem eating their fill, while the rest Of us cower? FilipoviC is an attorney and writer