TheView Viewpoint A way forward on the North Korea crisis By PhiIip Bobbitt THE し S. CANNOT COEXIST WITH A NUCLEAR-CAPABLE North Korea. lt would not only endanger Americans at home but also deter the U. S. from protecting allies that were threatened or attacked by North Korea. That could mean the end Ofthe American alliances with Pacific countries, a key pillar ofglobal security. But options for getting Pyongyang tO give up its nuclear ar- senal are not good. North Korea already holds U. S. allies hos- tage tO attacks we cannot control—and may already or will soon pose a similar threat tO the U. S. homeland. That presents an unacceptable risk ofretaliation for anyAmerican military action. There is nothing the U. S. can d0 for North Korea that might induce it tO denuclearize, because its leader, KimJong Un, uses his country's war footing against the U. S. t0 justify and maintain his totalitarian regime. lnternational options are hardly more promising. There is nothing the world community, including China, can d0 t0 North Korea by enforcing sanctions, or for North Koreaby relieving it ofthem, that would make it renounce itS nuclear weapons. The leadership iS convinced, with some reason, that only the threats it poses tO Others keep it in power. One does not commit suicide for fear ofdeath. THERE IS, HOWEVER, one option that has some promise: induce a nuclear guarantee for the North Korean regime from China. IfChina can be convinced t0 give a credible guarantee that it will defend North Korea against a U. S. invasion or pre- emptive strike, and North Korea can be induced tO accept it, then there could be a way out Ofthe current impasse. There are important advantages tO China in such an arrangement. lts leaders wouldjoin the establishment ofgreat states that take responsibility for world order, bolstering their domestic legitimacy. And the deal would provide a way out 0fa mounting crisis that could fuel regional chaos. North Korea too might find reasons tO accept China's protection, especially from the U. S. First-strike technology is developing quickly: over the past decade, strides have been made in the surveillance, tracking and analysis , targeting and detonation procedures needed for a successful preemptive strike. Getting under China's umbrella now could provide Kim a greater chance oflong-term regime survival than a nuclear arsenal vulnerable t0 developing U. S. first-strike and antimissile technologie S. Moreover, Kim could gain legitimacy at home and abroad via an agreement modeled on the Helsinki Accords that would recognize North Korea's borders and finally end the Korean War. Our aim must be to reorient Kim's paranoia, making him fear losing an opportunity for security in the eyes 0fhis own people more than he is afraid 0f dependence on China. Our allies might be better offt00. With an arsenal oflong- range nuclear missiles, North Korea can raise doubts about whether the U. S. would risk an attack on the American home- land ⅲ order t0 protect South Korea andJapan. Unfortunately, this concern has been heightened by some ofthe rhetoric dur- ing the 2016 U. S. presidential campaign ・ NO one will take this radical proposal seriously unless we stop kidding ourselves about the incentives we can realistically employ t0 compel the North Korean regime. N0thing short 0fan ironclad guarantee ofpreservation for the regime will modify Kim's behavior. He will starve his people and run almost incalculable risks because he has no other credible choice. And no guarantee 仕 om the U. S. is credible to the North Korean leadership. TWO other points: As it is our alliances that are most threatened, we should shore them up through consultations with TOkyo, S eoul and Canb erra. What d0 they want tO see from us? HOW can we avoid confrontations with their leaders without hamstringing the protection Of our legitimate security interests? Second, our threats only validate Kim's rhetoric by making it 叩 pear that there is a p10t by the Americans t0 destroy his regime, a fundamental premise Of his dome stic propaganda and his thinking. THE COURSE 0 ACTION I propose iS neither easy nor risk-free. Relations between North Korea and China are strained. Linking their security interests might increase the chances Ofa Chinese- U. S. confrontation, and it would tie Chine se nuclear strategy tO a surrogate state that is inclined tO get intO conflicts. But countering nuclear proliferation through extended deterrence is a proven strategy. lt was the deployment 0fAmer- ican nuclear forces in Europe and. ASia that achieved the gre at victories Of non- proliferation in Germany and Jap an, two states that faced a mortal threat and had the wealth and technology to acquire their own nuclear weapons. That they did not was partly the re sult 0f extended deterrence , a concept Often neglected but that lies at the heart ofthe current crisis. ln the case ofNorth Korea, ex- tended deterrence iS a more promising option than anybeing offered now. And time iS not on our Side. Bobbitt is 0 professor 可 w れ d the director 可市 e Centerfor N 砒 i0 れ Security CO mb University. A more detailed version Ofthis article is av ⅲ厄 b 厄 at time. C0m/b0bんt加0r市た0re0. ALLIANCE 粮 DANGER The pro posal lnduce China tO bring North Korea under the protection Of itS nuclear umbrella.ln exchange fO 「 giving up its own weapons, Pyongyang gets an end tO the Korean War, eased sanctions and international recognition. 一ト 0 」 339 3 をエ VO A8 SNO 一ト V エト S コ 1 コ一 21

was unimaginable even a year ago, When Clinton seemed tO be coasting toward the White House and demographic change fueled dreams Of a permanent national maJ0rity. NOW, eight months int0 the Trump presidency, the party 100ks t0 face its toughest Odds since Ronald Reagan won 49 states in 1984. The Democrats are in their deepest congressional rut since the class Of1946 was elected, and hold the fewest governors' mansions—15—since 1922. Of the 98 partisan legislatures ⅲ the U. S. , RepubIicans control 67. During Barack Obama's presidency, Democrats lost 970 seats in state legislatures, leaving the party's bench almost bare. The me- dian age oftheir congressional leadership is 67 , and many 0fthe obvious early presi- dential front runners will be in their 70S by the 2020 election. Meanwhile, there's still no sign the Democrats have learned the lessons of the last one. "l've tried tO learn from my own mistakes. There are plenty; ” Clinton writes in her campaign 1 れ Oir What Happened. The b00k, released on Sept. 12 , casts blame on Russia, the FBI and the candidate herself, but never quite finds a satisfying answer tO the titular question. Even ifit did, these days the party seems t0 prize ideological purity over Clint0- nian pragmatism. iS no confusion about what we Democrats are against. The only disagreement; ” says strategist Neil Sroka, "is what we're for. ” Brink's trucks んⅡ of cash. Their Sept. 6 who were in the country illegally. But Which leaves the party confronting a pact with Trump, which pushed back a among the grassroots, any agreement puzzle. The momentum may be on the pair of fiscal showdowns and delivered with the President is viewed as cause for le 仕 , but picking up the 24 seats required hurricane reliefmoney tO storm-stricken suspicion. When Schumer dared t0 back tO retake the House, and the three states southeastern Texas, was hailed as a a handful of Trump's Cabinet picks earlier needed for control of the Senate, will fleecing by the Democrats. After a dinner this year, activists protested outside his mean luring back blue collar workers of Chinese food in the Blue Room of the Brooklyn apartment, hoisting s igns with in places like Ryan's Mahoning Valley White House a week later, the pair said slogans like GROWA SPINE, CHUCK. ln her district, where the steel plants are shells they had reached a tentative agreement San Francisco district on Sept. 18 , pelosi Of their former selves, small businesses with Trump tO sidestep the Justice was shouted down by activists whO were are boarded up and payday lenders seem Department's rollback 0f an Obama-era angry that her proposed immigration deal tO be on every corner. This used tO be a program that helped young immigrants with Trump did not cover more people. Democratic stronghold, but Trump won For all these challenges, the party's three ofthe five counties in Ryan's district. time in the wilderness could prove tO If Democrats don't refine their pitch to be an opportunity. A poll from CNN/ alienated white voters, Trump could win SSRS in August showed Democrats with UDemocrats 臧 0 ' t re-election With ease. resistance can an ll-percentage-point advantage over ′第れ e their ま tc ル only be part ofit,: ” Ryan says. 'We have t0 Republicans on a generic congressional be on the offense too. ballot. "Winning is the first goal of 飛リ 0 れ′れ S , lt's not clear whO has the influence governing, says Chicago Mayor Rahm President r 題 m or inclination tO spearhead that shift. Emanuel, a formerhead Ofthe Democratic Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer Congressional Campaign Committee. CO 題ー住ーれ re- and House minority leader Nancy Pelosi "You can't have a governing part without a e ー ec 0 れま t ぬ ease are seasoned dealmakers WhO can raise winning part. ' But before the party comes 30 TIME October 2 , 2017 4

tO absorb a different narrative. Hers iS a young democracy, she said in her speech, and the world cannot expect it tO over- come its challenges in the 18 short months since she has been State Counsellor. She argued that Muslims in Rakhine have equal access tO health care and education "without any discrimination; ” counter tO human-rights groups' reports. She offered for foreign diplomats tO visit Rakhine, but only the parts where Muslims have not fled, SO that the international community could learn "why they have chosen t0 re- main in their villages. ” Before she spoke, supporters gathered in the capital hold- ing signs supporting her. But Others are disappointed. "She was our role model, our icon, our leader, and we loved her be- cause ofhervalues,: ” says Chit Min Lay, a democracy activist and former political prisoner in Myanmar. "Some people say she's being pragmatic, but I don't know why she's acting this way. TWO months from now, a new 1 れ oral leader will draw the world's attention tO the Rohingya. PO pe Franc is will vis it Myanmar ⅲ late November, followed by a visit t0 Bangladesh. The Vatican established diplomatic relations with Myanmar just four months ago, under his leadership, and unlike Suu Kyi, he has regularly defended the Rohingya by name. The expectations for his trip are on display. Senate majority leader Mitch A Oh ⅲ woma れ grievesfor her as high as the challenges, at home and McConnell, who has championed Suu Kyi i 可〃 t so who died when their bo 砒 abroad. "I d0 hope he will address many for decades, called her the weekbefore her capsized 0ffBangladesh 0 れ Sept. 14 issues 0f all people ⅲ Myanmar in a way speech as public pressure on her rose. He that brings healing, not hatred; ” BO says. then defended her to the Senate. "She is "That is the challenge since a section here the same person she was before,: ” he said. is not happy t0 see the real peace. ” "She is trying tO improve conditions. she told TIME. Through it all, the R0hingya suffer. At this junction, managing the military SenatorJohn McCain ofArizonawrote her Human-rights groups on the ground say in Myanmar remains crucial, says the a letter, asking her tO reverse her decision the military operations in Rakhine con- country's top Cath01ic offcial, Cardinal denying U. N. Human Rights Council tinue, though Suu Kyi claims they ended charles Maung BO 0fYangon, 叩 pointed access tO northern Rakhine. McCain on Sept. 5. Bangladesh is planning t0 by Pope Francis. "Aung San Suu Kyi and others also struck language from the build a new refugee camp with 14 , 000 is walking a tightrope wallg ” he says. National Defense Authorization Act that shelters t0 accommodate the nearly half "Already dark forces are clamoring for would have increased U. S. military-to- a million people wh0 have arrived in the return tO army rule. ” military engagements with Myanmar's past month. The U. N. resident coordina- army. senator Dianne Feinstein Of Helping the R0hingya was an ur- tor ⅲ Bangladesh, RObert Watkins, be- gent topic at the annual gathering 0f California, who participated ⅲ Suu Kyi's lieves there could be at least 100 , 000 the U. N. GeneraI Assembly in mid- CongressionaI G01d Medal ceremony in more people lined up inside Myanmar try- September. Global leaders, from the U. N. 2012 , wants Congress tO re-evaluate itS ing t0 cross the NafRiver t0 safety. "They Secretary-General tO U. S. Vice President relationship with the army and Suu Kyi's all come with the same story. Their vil- Mike pence tO European and Asian min- government. "At the very least, the leaders lages have been burned, there are reports isters, discussed the criSiS in a series Of wh0 planne d and executed this camp aign of rape, offamily members being killed,' meetings and speeches. But Trump did ofethnic cleansing should be sanctioned, he says. "Sadly, no one family's misery is not mention Myanmar or the Rohingya all military-to-military contact should worse than any 0ther. " —With reporting crisis in his address to the body. be suspended, and preferential trade ロ At home, Suu Kyi wants the world by FELIZ SOLOMON/HONG KONG benefits with Burma should be ended; ” 27 0 dV—NlSVÅく 0

Warren is clearly thinking of running a month. “ The current model and the cur- for President in 2020. lfshe does, a crowd rent strategy Ofthe Democratic party is an will be waiting to cheer her on: ayear ago, absolute failure; ” declared Sanders, who under pressure from supporters ofinsur- plans tO seek a third term in the senate gent Senator Bernie Sanders, the Demo- next year as an independent. crats adopted the most progressive plat- Activists aligned with Sanders are form in their history, which called for free working t0 mount primary challenges college for families earning $ 125 , 000 or against centrist Democrats. Our Revolu- less and Medicare options for Americans tion, a group that rose from the ashes Of as young as 55. This march t0 the le 仕 has S anders' presidential camp aign, led a pro- become a sprint since Clinton's defeat. test in August outside the DNC, demand- Groups that support abortion rights ing a more liberal platform. Party staffers have stopped offering polite silence to tried handing out snacks and bottles of Democrats whO disagree. Others are de- water, but the hospitality did little to de- manding jail time for bank executives. fuse the tension. 'They tried to seduce us Small-dollar donors are goading pro- with doughnuts,: ” said former Ohio state gressive groups t0 advance liberal poli- senator Nina Turner, a protest organizer. cies and challenge lawmakers who balk. Some ofthe grievances hinge on strat- A group ofprominent liberal Democrats, egy as much as substance. Kamala HarriS, including some 2020 hopefuls, are push- the popular junior Senator from Califor- ing a national single-payer health care nia, backs Sanders' health plan and won plan—even though its strongest back- an endorsement from Warren during her ers acknowledge that it has zero chance election last year. But as California's for- 0f becoming law ⅲ this Republican- mer top cop, Harris declined tO prosecute controlled Congress. Representative bankers, including Treasury Secretary Luis Gutiérrez Of lllinois threatened on Steve Mnuchin, for their role in the 2008 Sept. 8 that Democrats may shut down financial crisis. She also spent part ofher the government in December ifCongress summer raising cash in the tony precincts doesn't provide a pathway for undocu- ofthe Hamptons. As a result, Sanders al- mented immigrants tO become citizens. lies say she's a Wall Street shill. "F0110w "Running on progressive values; ” strate- the money; ” says Nomiki Konst, a Sanders gist Adam Green tOld a candidates' train- supporter wh0 serves on the DNC panel ing seSSIOn in Washington thiS summer, tasked with forging postelection unity. hOW Democrats Will Win. ” NO one waits on the horizon tO broker History counters this, at least at the a peace. The DNC has been hollowed R. れ , with wife Andrea 0 d SO れ presidential level. The most progressive out, first by Obama's neglect and then by Brady, leaves れ ia れ st ⅳ in nominees in recent memory—Michael a Clinton campaign that raided its talent. Youngstown, 0 ん 0 , 0 れ 21 Dukakis in 1988 , Walter Mondale in Now it is trying to play catch-up, sending 1984 and George McGovern ⅲ 1972 ー $ 10 , 000 a month tO each state party tO together, first it has tO b anish the furies all suffered landslide defeats. But this help add bodies and channel activists' that threaten tO tear it ap art. liberal vision is most popular among the energy intO permanent organizations. younger ranks ofDemocrats. A survey in But the party is still $ 3.5 million in the THE COUNTERPOINT tO Ryan'S call for July ofyoung voters likely to participate in red, and Republicans are outraising it by moderation could be found onstage in primaries spells out where the Democrats a margin 0f roughly 2 t0 1. Meanwhile, August in a Hyatt ballroom ⅲ Atlanta. are headed: 43 % 0f 18-t0-29-year-01ds perez is serving as a visiting fellow at Senator Elizabeth Warren, the former said they were more liberal than the Brown University, Where he teaches a Harvard Law Sch001 professor and party, while 20 % described the party as cours e c alled Governanc e and Leadership consumer advocate, had come tO deliver in Challenging Times. conservative. ” a battle cry tO 1 , 000 grassroots activists. Efforts to mend the rifts of the 2016 Schumer says the party lost the White "The Democratic Party isn't going back election have fallen flat. Earlier this House in 2016 because it had a "namby- to the days of welfare reform and the year, the Democratic National Commit- pamby ” message on the economy. He's crime bill; ” she said ⅲ not-at-all-veiled tee (DNC ) launched a natio nal tour with not risking that again, working with criticism Of President Bill Clinton's Sanders and newly minted party chair- members from bOth chambers on an ag- mid-'90s strategy t0 peel 0ff Republican man Tom Perez, whO was elected in Feb- gressive, worker-focused message. The votes. "We are not a wing Of today's ruary. Things didn't go well. When Sand- blueprint, dubbed "A Better Deal,: ” has Democratic Party,' Warren declared to ers thanked Perez at rallies, his so-called Warren's fingerprints all over it, calling for her fellow liberals. "We are the heart and Bernie bros heckled the new chairman. a national $15-per-hour minimum wage soul oftoday's Democratic Party. The attempt at unitywas a footnote within and cheaper drugs, colleges and child 鯰をい

ln 2016 , Suu Kyi sat downwith Obama new position created for her, similar tO ⅲ the Oval Offce. Obama, hoping the Prime Minister. message on democratic reforms had been Her powers, though, were limited and the democracy more fragile than received ⅲ Myanmar, lifted U. S. sanctions anyone wanted tO admit. Myanmar's that had been in place for almost two de- constitution, writte n in 2008 by the then cades. "Essentially you were restricting ruling military j unta, guarantees the army the type 0f investment that could pull 25 % ofseats in parliament and vetO power Burma toward the international commu- over any constitutional change. Suu Kyi nity,' Rhodes says. "We believed that if cannot become President because her She and her government were 1 れ ore stable children are British citizens. Even if she and confident in their position, that they could, the army controls key ministries, would be in a stronger place tO take risks including Home Affairs, Border Affairs on behalf ofthe Rohingya. and Defence, under the leadership of Human-rights activists worried that commander-in-chiefSenior General Min only made things worse. "The message Aung Hlaing. "The NLD'S 2015 campaign tO the army was, you can get away with a promise was that they were the only po- tOken democratic concession, you can re- litical party that could confront the mili- tain control, let Aung San Suu Kyi be the tary, ' s ays human-rights activist Cheery figurehead, you don't have t0 stop your Zahau in Myanmar. "They have t0 live up abuses against the ethnic groups, and tO that promise. the sanctions are all gone," says R0th, the ln May 2016 , Suu Kyi told then U. S. Human Rights Watch executive director. Secretary 0f State J0hn Kerry that her "The Obama Administration was much country needed "space ” tO address the tOO quick tO claim victory, SO it does de- R0hingya crisis. She advised offcials serve some ofthe blame for what has h 叩 - tO not use the term Rohingya, arguing pened now. ” to the U. N. that the choice would pro- mote harmony. "She always felt people THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION has been outside Burma didn't understand [the far less engaged. Trump himself has not Rohingya issue's] complexities; ” says spoken tO Suu Kyi since taking Offce, ac- Mitchell. "She'd try to explain, but she cording to a National Security Council has not proven very effective at strategic (NSC) spokesperson. AmbassadorJoseph communication. Yun, the special envoy for North Korea urging the government and the military The Obama White House tried to policy, visited Myanmar in July and met tO facilitate humanitarian aid. The next push Suu Kyi tO embrace the interna- with Suu Kyi and the army chief, but his day, the state Department announced an tional community's help ⅲ Rakhine. ln trip focused solely on the U. S. relationship additional $ 32 million ⅲ aid to help the dozens ofmeetings With Obama or senior with North Korea, not on the Rohingya or R0hingya. Deputy Assistant Secretary Administration offlcials , S uu Kyi would humanitarian IS sues, according tO a state for Southeast Asia Patrick Murphy generally say the right things ” about the Department spokesperson. visited Naypyidaw for Suu Kyi's speech need tO protect human rights and minor- NOW the scale Of the recent violence and sat in the front row. He then visited ity rights and tO pursue citizenship solu- against the R0hingya may force Trump's Sittwe, the capital of Rakhine, but 10Ca1 tions, Obama's Deputy NationaI Security hand. Trump discussed the crisis Burmese offcials stated that he would Adviser Rh0des says, but she repeatedly with Malaysian Prime Minister Najib not be allowed tO visit the conflict areas argued that she could only go so far. Razak when he visited Washington tO the north, citing security concerns. "She would argue that ifshe essentially in early September, and they agreed An NSC spokesperson tells TIME that tried tO open the door tO the international that Myanmar needed to end the crisis military-to -military engagement between community playing a much greater role and allow humanitarian aid. Secretary the U. S. and Myanmar has so far been there, that would potentially undercut her 0f State Rex TiIIerson called Suu Kyi, nascent and that moving forward will be as suming c ivilian control Of the military, dffcult until Myanmar's security forces Rh0des says. "We, and particularly our stop the violence and displacement. "We Unlike Suu Kyi, embassy, would really keep the focus particularlywelcome Aung San Suu Kyi's on this issue, and that would at times commitme nt that Burma will accept the Pope Francis has allOW for more incremental progress, return 0fR0hingya refugees when it is safe like improved humanitarian access, but tO dO SO , ” State Department spokesperson regularly defended we were unable tO, in the context oftheir Justin Higgins says. "We call on Burma to the Rohingya divided politic s , secure more structural allOW an investigation intO the allegation changes, like addressing the citizenship Of abuses. ' by name status Of the Rohingya. " ln Congress, a range Of reactions iS 26 TIME October 2 , 2017

The satellites nrst detected e villages going in flames 0 取 Aug. 25.0 取 e by 0 取 e , entire 亡 0 取 S ips across western Myanmar were burning, just 0 rs after Muslim m a 取亡 s attacked 取 a 0 取 a ー army OS 亡 s in ま e Asian CO 取亡 ry Rakhine state. Soon a new crush Of refugees was pour- ing into neighboring Bangladesh. Tens 0f thousands 0fR0hingya, a predominantly Muslim ethnic group in maJ ority-Buddhist Myanmar, were fleeing the army 's appar- ent retaliation. Refugees tOld aid work- ers that the military had set fire to their homes and planted land mines on their escape routes. Myanmar's soldiers, they said, were shooting Rohingyawomen and children as they fled. This was not the first time the Myan- mar army had attacked the R0hingya, but the scale was far greater than ever before. More than 200 villages burned over the next three weeks. More than 420 , 000 RO- hingya flooded refugee camps, and nearly two-thirds were children. Humanitarian aid agencies UNICEF and Médecins Sans Frontieres were denied access tO conflict areas. The U. N. human-rights chiefcalled the crisis textbook example Of ethnic Cle ans ing. ln Myanmar, one V01Ce remained nota- bly silent. Human-rights icon and NobeI laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, now the de facto leader 0fMyanmar's civilian gov- ernment, did not condemn the atrocities. FellOW laureates were quick to point out the contradiction. Pakistani human-rights activist MaIaIa Yousafzai said "the world is waiting ” for her t0 speak out. South Af- rican clergyman Desmond Tutu prayed that Suu Kyi would be "courageous and resilient again. ” lnstead, Suu Kyi blamed a misinformation campaign ” and an- nounced she would no longer attend the U. N. General Assembly in late September. Finally, 25 days after the first village 24 TIME October 2 , 2017 was burned, Suu Kyi addressed the world. ln a televised global address from Myanmar's capital, in front 0f army offcials and foreign diplomats, Suu Kyi declined tO criticize the military. lnstead of reaching out to the R0hingya, she questioned the international outcry itself. Her government, she said, was concerned ” about reports Of villages burning ⅲ Rakhine, but had t0 weigh "allegations and counterallegations ” before taking action. She argued that the international community should pay more attention tO areas where there was peace than areas where there was conflict. "lt is very little known that the great majority 0fMuslims ⅲ the Rakhine state have notjoined the exodus; ” she claimed. "lt is sad that in meeting our diplomatic community, I am obliged t0 focus onjust a very few 0four problems. ” Her remarks p rompted outrage. "Her speech tried t0 sugarcoat ethnic cleansing, ' says Kenneth ROth, executive director of Human Rights Watch. This is how icons fall. The U. S. had championed Suu Kyi not just as the great savior Of her country but alSO as the model Of nonviolent disobedience in Southeast Asia. The U. N. had expressed expectations for Burma, as Myanmar was long known, under her leadership. Now she has revealed different priorities. "She sees herself very deliberately now as a political actor inside Of a changing Burma, not as an icon that essentially speaks out on human rights,: ” says Ben Rhodes, President Barack Obama's Deputy NationaI Security Adviser. " Her single-minded pursuit Of that objective 0f political reform inside 0f Burma has created a very glaring and tragic blind spot. ” More than a reputation is being destroyed. ln Myanmar, a country with a population twice that Of Texas and squeezed between lndia, China and Thai- land, instability could result in a mili- tary takeover Of the government, undO- ing democratic reforms. Terrorists see the persecution Of Muslims as a recruit- ing tool, and alre ady al- Qaeda militants are thre atening tO punish Myanmar for its violence t0 the R0hingya. The U. S. has pressured the Myanmar army t0 break ties it has maintained with North Korea. Meanwhile, China continues tO pursue economic interests in Rakhine tO secure strategic access tO the Bay 0fBengal. Hun- dreds of thousands of lives may depend on whether the once-revered Suu Kyi will eve ntually take a stronger stand. The road tO democracy is often messy. Beyond the long-standing civil conflicts between Myanmar's central government and myriad ethnic minorities, Suu Kyi iS under pressure from army generals WhO have vetO power over constitutional change, as well as Buddhist nationalists whose power is rising. The Trump Ad- ministration, which has articulated an "America first ” foreign policy, must de- cide how it will handle the first sweeping ethnic conflict on its watch. ln the U. S. Congress, some lawmakers want tO れ - pose sanctions and end limited military ties allowed under Obama. The U. N. Se- curity Council issued a rare statement on Myanmar condemning the violence, but a resolution rebuking Myanmar's army is likely impossible, given China's all but certain veto. And all the while, the exodus Of Rohingya continues. THE WORLD ル OV S tO crown heroes from despair. Suu Kyi, 72 , comes 仕 om one of her country's most storied families. Her father, GeneraI Aung San, founded the modern army and led the movement for independence from Britain in the 1940S. When she was still a child, he was assassi- nated and hailed as a martyr. The country spiraled intO civil war, and her motherwas later named an ambassador tO lndia and Nepal. Suu Kyi lived abroad as a young adult, studying politics at Oxford and working for the U. N. in New York City.