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TheBrief THE RISK REPORT The startling rise Of the brash young man wh0 would be King 0f Saudi Arabia By lan Bremmer MOHAMMED BIN SALMAN, FAVORED SON OF THE SAUDI King, has come a very long way ⅲ a very short time. His father, wh0 only became King in 2015 at age 81 , quickly named him Defense Minister and then deputy crown prince. He was given charge 0fVision 2030 , the landmark reform project intended tO modernize the Saudi economy and, by extension, Saudi society. OnJune 21 his father named him cro 、Ⅵ 1 prince, removing the final obstacle in his path toward the throne. He's likely t0 become King within a year as the ailing father is expected tO abdicate in order tO use his remaining time tO help the son make a solid start. The scale ofgenerational change is impossible tO overstate. Salman is 31 years 01d. He might reign for 50 years. As King, S alman will face enormously complex challenges. He must bring the Saudi economy into the 21St century by diversifying it away from a deep dependence on 0il exports, particularly given the lasting impact of technological changes that have pushed global oil supplies higher and prices lower. He must build a culture Of work among citizens whO are used to He has yet tO demonstrate the flexibility and subtl e ty needed to wm ove r those whO doubt him undemanding public-sector jobs and modernize Saudi attitudes toward women tO bring their talents intO the workplace. On foreign policy, Salman must find ways tO promote Saudi leadership and defend Saudi interests without wasting huge amounts ofmoney on unwinnable wars and endless proxy conflicts in the region. He must build new ties in ASia tO avoid excesslve depe ndence on relations with the U. S. , which improve d dramatically when Donald Trump replaced B arack Obama but might deteriorate just as quickly with the next U. S. President. He must do all this while maintaining the balance ofpower over time within a complex royal family that now has many thousands of members. ln fact, with so many ambitious cousins tO manage, foreign policy may be the least ofhis problems. THE SPEED OF SALMAN'S RISE caught many by surprise, and some fear it will provoke a palace coup as passed-over rivals—led perhaps by former crown princes Muqrin bin AbduIaziz or Mohammed bin Nayef—move to defend the influence 0f their branches of the royal family. But it's hard tO imagine such a move while Salman's father is alive, and unless the King dies ⅲ the coming months, he will have time to build more support for his son within the family. When Salman becomes King, he will have a much smoother start tO his reign if 0i1 prices recover enough tO provide extra reve nue to allow state spending on the projects and subsidies that keep the royals popular. Higher 0il prices would also help the government raise more money from the sale 0f shares in state Oil giant Aramco. Salman must also hope that the Saudi war in Yemen and the Saudi-led effort to force change on Qatar succeed, since he's directly associated with bOth. ln his short time on the public stage , S alman has already demonstrated clear strengths and weaknes ses. His bigge st challenge will be in building consensus— within a family, a kingdom and a region that all badly need it. He's come a long way ewl Crown Prince Mohammed bin S ma れ , 31 , could succeed his ailingfather within 0 ツ e r out whether this is the wait much longer t0 find succeed. We won't have tO audacious plan is likely t0 amb itious man With an which only an arrogant, toughest jObs, one in inherit one Of the world's bin Salman will soon in doubt. Mohammed survival iS very much kingdom's long-term and cultural change , the moving technological IN A WORLD Of fast- his mistakes. capable oflearning from have to show that he's all successful leaders, he'll alone is not enough. Like about 32 million, power Saudi Arabia, a country of who doubt him. Even ⅲ needed tO Win over those the flexibility and subtlety he has yet tO demonstrate sweep aside rivals—but power 0f his father t0 personality— and the through sheer force of man for the job. ロ

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Boko Haram kept Fatsuma's daughter Fatima for a year and a half before she escaped. Now that she has been reunited with her family in a camp for people displaced by Nigeria's war to defeat the lslamist insurgency, her mother says she doesn't trust her. The 14-year-old retreats intO silence for days, only to lash out explosively at the slightest disturbance. "We are afraid Of her sometimes," says Fatsuma, with an uneasy glance at her daughter sitting across the room. "When she came back from BOkO Haram, she was different, hard-hearted. ” Fatsuma believes it was because Fatima was forced t0 watch as B0k0 Haram fighters killed her brother ⅲ front ofher, and was threatened when she cried. Fatsuma hasn't seen her daughter cry since, but Fatima often wakes up the family in the middle Of the night with her screaming. MOSt unnerving Of all, Fatima soothes herself by chanting Bok0 Haram dirges. "I love her," says Fatsuma. "I am happy she is with me now, but B0k0 Haram still has a part of her. ” 38 TIME July 10 ー 17 , 2017

′ years, lived 物 a terrible secret. When she met a guy, she ou 旧 n ' 亡 reveal her last name until they had been on four or じ e dates. When she began 0 new job, she would immediately befriend the IT expert wh0 could help her block hostile ema . When she spoke 田江 h 0 new boss, She wouldforce an 0 田た田 ard conuersation about her romantic history. Her secret 田 as SO terrible because 江田 asn ' 亡 0 secret at all:for the 20S 亡し e years, nude photos 可 J 可亡 s have been only one GoogIe search, Facebook post or email 0 田 0 し Jefts is a thoughtful academic ⅲ her mid-3 OS, an archivi st and art historian at a Chicago university WhO never intended for images ofher naked body t0 circulate on the lnternet. But in 2011 , soon after Jefts ended her long-distance relationship with a boyfriend who lived ⅲ ltaly, ex- plicit screenshots from their Skype con- versations began tO appear online. They were emailed t0 her family and friends, posted on Facebook with violent threats against her and even appeared on web- sites devoted tO exposing people's sexu- ally transmitted diseases, with false alle- gations about her sexual history. There's a name for what Jefts has ex- perienced, a digital sex crime that has up- ended thousands oflives but still mostly eludes law enforcement.• nonconsensual porn, better known as revenge porn. The tWO are not quite the same: revenge porn is often intended tO harass the victim, while any image that is circulated with- out the agreement Of the subject is non- consensual porn. But bOth can result in public degradation, social isolation and professional humiliation. EnabIed by the technological and cul- tural upheaval that put a camera in every 58 TIME July 10 ー 17 , 2017 pocket and created a global audience for every social-media POSt, nonconsensual porn has become increasingly C01 mon. Practically every day brings reports of a new case: A 19-year-old woman in Texas was blackmailed into having sex with three Other teens after a former partner threatened tO release an explicit video of her. A 20-something ⅲ PennsyIvania had 1 加 4 Ratio Of men in a survey Of nearly 6 , 000 single adults whO said they have received a sexual phOtO 23 % Percentage Of those receiving nude photos whO reported passing them on tO others; men were twice as likely tO spread photos as women strange men coming tO her door after an ex-boyfriend posted her pictures and ad- dress with an invitation tO "come hOOk up. ” An lllinois sch001 superintendent in her 50S was fired after her ex-husband al- legedly sent an explicit video ofher to the s chool board. Some of these private photos and videos find their way tO porn sites, where "revenge ” iS itS own genre. Often, however, they're posted on social media, where all the victim's friends can see them. According tO documents obtained by the Guardian, Faceb00k received more than 51 , 000 reports Of revenge porn in January 2017 alone, which led the site tO disable more than 14 , 000 accounts. A 2016 survey Of 3 , 000 lnternet users by the journal D 地 0 〃 d Society found that roughly 1 in 25 Americans has either had someone post an image without permission or threaten tO dO so—for women under 30 , that figure rose tO 1 in 10. And a June Faceb00k survey by the anti— revenge porn advocacy group Cyber Civil Rights lnitiative (CCRI) found that 1 in 20 social-media users has posted a sexually graphic image without consent. The problem gained new prominence earlier this year, when hundreds ofactive- duty and veteran Marines were found tO be circulating explicit images Of women service members. The images were POSted in a secret Facebook group, passed around the way that their grandfathers might have traded copies of b . Dozens 0f service members have been investigated since the scandal broke ⅲ January, lead- ing the Marines tO formally ban noncon- sensual porn in April. ln May, the House Of Representatives unanimously VOted tO make nonconsensual porn a military crime subject tO court-martial. ln some cases, the perpetrators are hackers whO target famous women, searching for compromising phOtOS tO leak. Last year, Saturday Night Live star Leslie Jones was hacked and her nude pic- tures were spread online. ln 2014 , nude photos 0fJennifer Lawrence and 0ther fe- male celebrities were hacked and leaked in one Ofthe biggest nonconsensual-porn cases t0 date. And it's a problem nearly everywhere in the world: ⅲ May, nude photos purportedly 0f Rwandan presi- dential candidate Diane Shima Rwigara appeared online days after she an- nounced her intention tO challenge the

And unlike most BOkO Haram victims passing through the busy clinic's door into the dusty chaos of a sprawling camp for tens 0f thousands 0f peo- ple fleeing the fighting, the young women were taken t0 the Nigerian capital, Abuja, where they were placed in a specially designed residential fa- cility to help them recover from their ordeal. Over the next nine months they will be provided health services, psychological counseling, trauma therapy and remedial-education courses tO help them catch up on their lost schooling—similar t0 the rehabili- tation program previously set up for 21 Chib0k girls who were released in October. Their recovery will not be easy. But for every young womanwho iS whisked intO a comprehensive reintegration program, thousands more traumatized Boko Haram abductees have been thrust, untreated, intO communities that are not equipped tO tend tO their wounds. Parents have been reunited with chil- dren whO were beaten, starved and forced tO partici- pate in ritualized massacres. Some converted. Others fought for the insurgents. Many were r 叩 ed. Fatima still has nightmares about the time she was forced, along with several Other captive girls, tO stone a cou- ple to death for the sin 0f committing adultery. "I didn'twant tO dO it. But ifwe didn't throw the stone, they said they would kill us,: ” she says. "lfyou shed a tear, they will beat you with the side of their guns ・” AFTER SIX YEARS and more than 20,000 dead, BOkO Haram S ViCious campaign tO carve a caliphate out Of northeastern Nigeria is slowly coming tO a close. Founded in Maiduguri in 2002 by a charismatic preacher whO advocated a fundamentalist interpre- tation 0fthe Quran, B0k0 Haram evolved int0 a んⅡ - fledged insurgency ⅲ 2009 , eventually taking control 0f an area greater than the size 0f Belgium. But the group, under as s ault by a multinational force , started tO lose territory and strength in 2016. NOW the government is working to stabilize the region and ensure that the 2 million people displaced by the fighting can return home and start their lives over again. But for those kidnapped by B0k0 Haram, home is not always a refuge. Their communities may brand them as sympathizers or reject them out offear that their time in captivity has led to Manchurian Candidate—style indoctrination. Friends, neighbors and even family members may deride them as annoba—epidemics—・ a term alSO used tO describe the deadly Ebolavirus, which can infect anyone who comes t00 CIO se tO its victims. Without treatment, the abductees may not be able tO reintegrate intO society. And without understanding what they have been through, the communities may never be able tO accept them, leavlng an open wound tO fester as Nigeria seeks t0 bring this brutal chapter 0fits history tO a close. During the height 0f the insurgency, ⅲ 2015 , 42 TIME July 10 ー 17 , 2017 Fatima Akilu, a forensic psychologist and special- iSt in preventing and countering ViOlent extremism, was brought in tO assess the needs Of some 230 chil- dren who had just been released from Boko Haram captivity,. 'When we walked in, there was not a sin- gle sound; ” she says. The eerie quiet continued for several days as the psychologists attempted t0 en- gage with the former captives. Eventually, they brought in toys. At that point, says Akilu, the only sound they heard was one Of destruction. "They tore the heads 0 the dolls. They were stamping on the toy cars," she says. After weeks of therapy, the psychologists understood that during captiv- ity, B oko Haram fighters beat the children anytime they made a sound. They taught the children that

80 % were girls, some as young as 7. Girls and young women make better bombers because SOCiety sees them as harmless, SO they are rarely stopped at secu- rity checkpoints. They are alSO easier tO manipulate, says Fatima G. She might have befallen the same fate if her mother had not been abducted alongside her. "My mother is the one wh0 kept me safe," she says. "Many times the preachers came tO us, tO tell us tO go for suicide bombings, but whenever my mother saw them coming, she shouted at them and they le 庇 " Her mother also kept her from being forcibly married or raped, an all-too-common fate for female captives. When the 82 young women arrived at the clinic, the nurses were surprised tO see that none Of them were carrying babies, especially since the previous 21 Chib0k girls came out 0f captivity with four. ln the nurses' experience, most female captives had been forcibly married to fighters, a meaningless designation meant tO give religious sanction tO repeated rape. Women suspected of being raped by or mar- ried, willingly or not, to Boko Haram fighters are derisively known as "B0k0 wives ” and rejected by their communities for sleeping with the enemy. The stigma and suspicion can fOllOW a young woman for years, preventing her from going t0 sch001, getting married or even opening a business in a small Vil- lage, where secrets are impossible tO keep. Dada was 11 years 01d when she was kidn 叩 ped from Banki three years ago. She hadn't even started menstruat- ing when she was shoved before a circle 0f fighters with a man she had never met. After a few prayers, she was told she was married and sent to his hut. "I started thinking, HOW can they marry me? I am t00 young; ” she says. A few months later, she was preg- nant. "I never knew what pregnancy was. Just that my belly was growing bigger ・” Dada escaped when she was 8 months pregnant. She gave birth on the run and eventually reunited with her mother and sister in Maiduguri, where they share a one-room shack behind a busy roadside market. With her full cheeks, upturned nose and wide eyes, Dada doesn't look much older than her daughter, 18-month-01d Hussainia, whom she cradles in her 1 叩 . Dada tenderly plaits Hussainia's bushy hair intO neat cornrows. GOing back tO Banki is out 0fthe question, says Dada. lt wouldn't be safe for her daughter. She worries that her neighbors will say Hussainia has "bad b100d ” because her fatherwas a Boko Haram fighter. "A lot of people think those children are bad and dangerous and wicked,: ” she says. She has heard stories, backed up by UNICEF, of similar children being killed by the community and sometimes even family members. Dada once dreamed ofbecoming a schoolteacher in her village. That future is closed, she says. "lt used t0 make me angry when I thought about how he de- stroyed my life for getting me pregnant; ” Dada says. 44 TIME July 10 ー 17 , 2017 1 0 "lt makes me sick and it turns my head around, and I feel like collapsing. ” The only thing she can do now, she says, is ensure that Hussainia gets tO go tO schOOl. "My daughter will have what I could not. ” She has no intention Ofever telling Hussainiawho her father was. lfher daughter asks, she plans to tell her that he die d ⅲ the fighting. IN A SMALL GROUP-THERAPY SESSION on the Other side of Maiduguri, psychologist Terna Abege sits among a circle Of eight women whO are draped in brightly colored headscarves. He is teaching them a technique t0 stop the paralyzing flashbacks ofexplo- sions and killings that derailtheir lives—telltale signs Of posttraumatic stress disorder. He instructs the women tO put out their right hands in a stop gesture and recite the word tsa. ツ or stop. "We understand

や物ー第ぎ ー N 物をを AC 第・を一、物を第をマをて 0 0 planned t0 bring 0 Ⅱ for the summer, the The ice cream still needs scooping. A Tilt- at Wisconsin Dells and on Cedar Point's responses revealed an intimacy not usu- a-Whirl doesn't run itself. And that floppy, roller coasters in Sandusky, OhiO. AS a na- tion, we have lately endured the demise 0f ally captured in top-line statistics: 34 % weirdly heavy rubber frog that somer- comity and the fracture 0f factual truth. said they planned to hire a friend, 30 % a saults toward the rotating lily pads? Hit or miss, someone's got tO bring it back tO ・ Are we now witnessing the slOW death Of family member and 19 % said they were the catapult for the next lucky player. The the summer jOb? putting their kid on the payroll. work Of an American summer remams, The numbers are not encouraging. lt's a measurable economic activity sticky and sweet as cotton candy, which Fortyyears ago, nearly 60 % 0fU. S. teenag- that may not even be that much about doesn't sell itself either. ers were working or looking for work dur- money. On June 26 , former Vice presi- ButwhenJenkinson's Boardwalkwent ing the peak summer months. Last year, dentJoe Biden climbed back into the life- looking for seasonal employees last year, Just 35 % were. N0te the element 0f dec- guard chair where he spent the summer Of 1962 , as a suburban kid watching over the response was not at all what the com- laration: what the U. S. Bureau of Labor pany expected. TO 6 Ⅱ some 1 , 200 summer Statistics (BLS) tabulates are reports 0f an inner-city pool in Wilmington, Del. "I vacancies, an Easter-time jOb fair drew learned SO, SO much' ” he said at the cer- actually desiringwork during the months just 400 people. Applications did bounce when most high schools and colleges are emony where the POOI was renamed for up this year, but not nearly enough t0 re- 0 伍 lt is a statement of intent. Plotted him. Summer jobs are like that, a rite of verse a grave trend that summer employ- on a chart, the decline is unmistakable passage 100ked back upon over the course ers have noticed well beyond the Jersey and, since the turn Of the new century, of the life those eight or 12 weeks might Shore. precipitous—plummeting 15 points in 15 frame—or stand memorably apart from. "lt is getting harder tO find students years, tO where we are now: only about "I worked in a movie theater when I that will work,: ” says Toby Wolf, director every third youth working or looking for was 16 , ” says Judy Schram, now 64 , as of marketing at the boardwalk. "Each summer. her 7-year-old grandson Max dangles year it's getting harder and harder. None AII this as the nation's job outlook is a fishing pole with a magnet instead of 0f us has been able t0 pinpoint why. ls it what economists describe as “んⅡ employ- a hook over a gurgling stream of plas- a change in SOCiety as a WhOle? ” ment ” and as employers display a hale tic fish on the Point Pleasant board- ThiS iS a question tO chew over on appetite for summer help. ln a national walk. "I sold Christmas cards door-to- the long road trip from Glacier National online survey for CareerBuilder.com con- door. Oh, and I had a paper route—took Park—where concessions couldbe staffed ducted in February and March, 41 % 0f it over from my big brother when I was by Bulgarians on work-study visas—to companies said they planned tO hire sea- 10. My parents wanted us tO work. And Maine, which each summer struggles to 6 Ⅱ sonal workers—up sharply from 29 % in we had chores. Nowadays it's com- 妄 the lifeguard chairs above its beaches. The 2016. The annual survey captures more pletely different. Kids don't work now. same story hOlds at the water attractions than numerical truth. Asked who they The payroll offers at least partial 50 TIME JulYIO ー 17 , 2017

The Brief ℃ F COURSE, SOMETIMES A SPONGYPLAYGROUND IS NOT JUSTA SPONGYPLAYGROUND. ' —NEXT PAGE At the court, newJustice, 0 relatively harmonious bench d surprisingfinish tO the term courts , where Trump's order was quickly PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP'S TRAVEL blocked. ban (government offcials argue that White House lawyers fiddled with the it's not a ban, but the President's tweets order and in March came Ban 2.0. The beg to differ) is headed for the Supreme list ofoffending nations was trimmed tO Court ⅲ one ofthe biggest cases ofthe six, identified as terrorist hotbeds, and upcoming October term. That is, ifit U. S. authorities were instructed tO con- doesn't disappear—poof!—like an en- duct a study 0fthe vetting process for chanted carriage at midnight. travelers arrivmg 仕 OI れ foreign countries. A bit ofexplanation: on his first Any needed improvements tO the pro- weekend as President, Trump dropped cess were tO be implemented in time for a bombshell by issuing an Executive the order t0 expire after 90 days. Order that sharply reduced the number Again, federal courts blocked imple- ofrefugees allowed into the U. S. , and cut mentation, finding in Trump's campaign offtravel tO residents from seven, mostly rhetoric evidence that the order was tar- Muslim, countries. Chaos ensued. Trav- geted specifically at Muslims. This made elers Whose entryvisas were valid When it an unconstitutional discrimination their flights took offfound themselves against a religious faith, which his Ad- barred by the time they landed. Fam- ministration denied. ily members were separated. Workers Before adjourning for the summer couldn't return tO theirjobs. Protests onJune 26 , the Supreme Court agreed erupted and lawyers rushed into federal SUPREME COURT The Justices agree tO grapple with travel bans and phantoms By David Von DrehIe の 39Vb•N 一 A トト 39 、 d 」 V 7 PHOTOGRAPH BY BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI

the U. S. President's Mar-a-Lago resort in April. "lvanka Trump andJared Kushner are very important t0 U. S. -China rela- tions; ” says ZhanJiang 0fBeijing Foreign Studies University. "lt's a Chinese men- tality tO value these family connections. ” Family is a powerful diplomatic t001 that Trump and Kushner wield in China, often ⅲ the shape 0f Arabella, who learned Mandarin from the crib thanks t0 a Chinese nanny. With her 3-year- old brother Jo seph, she sung in Manda- rin at Mar-a-Lago, yet she was already a social media star in China for her dev- astatingly cute renditions Of traditional Chinese songs. The presidential per- formance has been viewed more than 2.2 million times on China's leading ln- ternet TV site, qq.com/ "Chinese people like to worship idols, and lvanka really triggered a fever in China; ” says Hu Xingdou, a professor ofeconomics at the Beijing lnstitute 0f Technology. "Plus, Thisfactory ⅲ Dongguan, China, makes shoesfor Trump れ d other designers she is very friendly t0 Chinese people, so she has a lot offans here. ' cations are still pending. There is no sign when he pledged t0 put "America first ” Social media fan clubs hail her as that that decision was rushed as a favor, and force U. S. companies tO bring manu- a goddess; ” while state media have and G-III Apparel Group insists that the facturingjobs back home. Some ofthe 80 described her as having an "elegant trademarks are simply defensive tO ward workers employed at one Chinese factory and poised s e. ” (Chinese leaders may off counterfeiters, especially as "trade- making blouses, dresses and Other items figure that, through Trump, they can mark squatting' is rampant in China. under Trump's label were paid just over more easily engage with her father. ) She Owing to her newfound celebrity, hun- $ 60 for a 60-hour workweek, according is particularly feted for her have-it-all dreds of trademark applications under to an outside audit published by the Fair feminism. ln a land Where everyone IS Trump's Chinese name—Yi Wan Ka— Labor Association ⅲ April. seemingly an aspiring entrepreneur and have been filed on myriad products and An investigation by New York City— s elf-help books crowd shelves, Trump's services. OnJune 14 the Chinese govern- based NGO China Labor Watch found speeches are scrutinized for pointers on ment granted preliminary approval for dubious labor practices at factories climbing the corporate ladder and staving nine Donald Trump trademarks it had producing lvanka Trump shoes, including offchauvinism in the offce and at home. previously rejected. His lawyer said they, excessive overtime, IOW pay and the Many Chinese also see Confucian values tOO, were defensive tO StOP unsanctioned possible misuse Of student interns. The in her decision tO convert tO Judaism for businesses from using hiS name. case made global headlines in late May, her husband and in her filial defense of The White House has argued that there when three CLW investigators were her father, despite his latent misogyny. is no improper conflict ofinterest. 'Jared arrested by the authorities, only tO be lvanka is the perfect woman, ' says and lvanka will fully abide by government released on June 28 on bail after being Zhang Hang, 32 , wh0 works for an IT ethics rules and will recuse when appro- detained for 30 days. G-III Apparel company in BeiJing. 'lvanka knows how priate in consultation with the Off1ce Of Group distanced itself from the factory t0 balance career and family—that's what White House Counsel,: ” said one White ⅲ question, saying the shoes had not been I should learn from her. ” House offlcial. Klem, the president Of made there since March. lvanka Trump's brand, told Congress in Yet Trump and Kushner look likely to BUT TRUMP'S BUSINESS ties threaten May that Trump has limited control ofher get more, not less, involved with China. tO undermine the shrewdness of her di- business and must consult with an ethics OnJune 18 they hosted former lowa gov- plomacy. On the same day that Xi and adviser ' prior tO certain actions; ” WhiCh ernor Terry Branstad, the new U. S. ambas- her father dined at Mar-a-Lago, lvanka were not specified. sador tO China, whO has known Xi since Trump 's brand had three new trade - Trump's business model mirrors that the 1980S , at the Trump Hotel in wash- marks approved ⅲ China for jewelry, ofvirtually all her competitors in the 叩 - ington. TWO days later, U. S. and 0ther leather handbags and spas. Those were parel industry: use low foreign wages and media reported that the Chinese govern- in addition tO 15 existing trademarks for minimal import levies tO maximize prof- ment had extended a special invitation to cosmetics, luggage, clothes, shoes, retail its. That's precisely what her father railed Trump and Kushner t0 travel to Be リ ing ⅲ and beauty services. More than 40 appli- against during hiS volcanic campaign, preparation for a presidential visit. ロ 34 TIME July 10 ー 17 , 2017 4