当 ッ THE SCHUYLKILL MALL IN FRACKVILLE, PA. , IS OPEN FOR BUSINESS, BUT YOU have tO lOOk hard tO know it. The stores that have shuttered—Sears, Kmart, Spencer Gifts, Hallmark Cards—far outnumber the dozen businesses that remaln. The customer-service offlce is cordoned offby a metal gate. The plants underneath the skylight droop toward a ring ofyellow caution tape, and the piped-in music echoes 0 barren walls. The mall used to have a dance club. Now it's a dialysis center. A decade ago, the Schuylkill Mall and its 90 stores, restaurants and knick- knack kiosks was a nexus of daily life in this part of pennsylvania coalcountry, where teenagers met tO flirt as warm-up-suited seniors walked laps around them. Crowds thronged to the annual Easter egg hunt and Lithuanian Days festival, a nod tO the region's ancestralties. "I had tO say excuse me a million times to get to work' ” says Jane Krick, a waitress at Suglia's Pizzeria & Restaurant, the last んⅡ - service restaurant standing. "lt was んⅡ Of people. NOW we get a million phone calls a day asking, Are you still open? ” lt won't be for long. ln early May, management gave the remaining tenants 60 t0 90 days t0 close up shop. Tenants expect the property to be demolished. The wrecking ball will put the mall in good company around the nation. By 2022 , analysts estimate that 1 out ofevery 4 malls ⅲ the U. S. could be out ofbusiness, victims ofchanging tastes, a widening wealth gap and the embrace ofonline shop- ping for everything from socks t0 swing sets. This year alone, more than 8 , 600 stores could close, according to industry estimate s, many Of them the brand-name anchor outlets that real e state developers once stumbled over themselves tO court. Already there have been 5 , 300 retail closings this year, including Sears, Macy's, JCPenney and Kmart stores. sears H01dings —which owns Kmart— said in March that there 's "substantial doubt ” it can stay in business altogether, and will close 300 stores this year. ln April, Payless lnc. announced it would close 400 of its shoe stores as part of its bankruptcy plan—on top 0f a separate 400 it had already scheduled to close. The mall st 叩 le RadioShack has filed for Chapter 11 twice in two years. So far this year, nine national retail chains have filed for bankruptcy ・ Local jobs are a maJ0r casualty 0f what analysts are calling, with only a hint 0f hyperbole, the retail apocalypse. Since 2002 , department stores have lost 448 , 000 j0bs, a 25 % decline, while the number Of store closures this year iS on pace t0 surpass the worst depths of the Great Recession. The growth of online retailers, meanwhile, has failed to offset those losses, With the e-commerce sector addingjust 178 , 000 jobs over the past 15 years. Some ofthosejobs can be found in the massive distribution centers Amazon has opened across the country, Often not too far 仕 om malls the company helped shutter. One Of them is in Breinigsville, Pa. , 45 miles from Schuylkill. But those are workplaces, not 1956 SouthdaIe Center, considered the nation's first enclosed mall, opens in Edina, Minn. 1974 1984 1987 1991 1982 Paramus Tesco, the POP star TheTV Park in U. K. -based Tiffany game ShOW New 」 ersey embarks S わ叩丁〃 The coming- groce ら is cred ited conducts the on her You Drop, of-age movie with opening first online "Shopping set inside Fast Times at the first mall sale tO a MalI Tour," a shopping Ridgemont food co u rt wh i ch va ulted mall, first High sets consumer, via the her tO airs; it runs much Of its p re-lnternet the top on and action in a technology of the 0 幵 u ntil California Videotex charts 2005 mall 32 TIME JuIY31, 2017

TheBrief TICKER Some student debts could be wiped out Tens ofthousands Of people in the U. S. whO are behind on paying 0 幵 their private student loans could see their debts erased. The NationaI Collegiate Student Loan Trusts has been unable to prove g 引 ownership ofatleast $ 5 billion in defaulted loans. Abuse 0 工 German choirboys rampant Atleast 547 members Of a Catholic chOir for boys in Regensburg, Germany, were physi- callyor sexuallyabused by church members over 70 years, accord- ing tO an investigation. Georg Ratzinger, brother offormer Pope Benedict XVI, ran the choir from 1964 to 1994 but denies being aware Of any sexual abuse. lran sentences し S. studentfor "spying ” A U. S. grad student was sentenced tO 10 years in prison in lran after he was accused Of "spying under the cover Of research. Princeton scholar Xiyue Wang was arrested while researching his dissertation in 2016. Miniskirt gets Saudi 田 0 ーれ 0 れ arrested A woman shown wearing a croptop and miniskirt in a video ShOt in a conservative town in Saudi Arabia was arrested and questioned by police fO 「 violating the kingdom's strict dress code. The video had prompted great debate on social media. CRIME Acid attacks have become a brutal new trend in the U. K. By Tara John/London IN THE LATE SUMMER OF 2015 , SAMIR Hussain was walking out Of a movie near hiS hometown in London's outer suburbs when two men approached him. Charged words escalated into a fistfight, and suddenly one of them doused the 29-year-oId ⅲ a liquid that he says felt "too heavy to be water. lt was sulfuric acid, which sears and blisters the skin on contact. "I could just about open one 0f my eyes, and I could see him smiling at me; ” Hussain tells TIME ofhis attacker. "lt was sinister. ” NOW HussaIn wears a mask t0 help heal the scars that cover three- quarters 0f his face. He will bear the marks for the rest ofhis life. The horrific attack is just one in what has become a disturbing trend in the U. K. , especially in the capital city, London. According t0 the Metropolitan POlice, assaults using corrosive materials spiked by more than 70 % ()0 454 ) ⅲ 2016 , having risen steadily over the past three years. This year alone, more than 119 attacks have been recorded so far. 0 Ⅱ July 13 , five people were doused With acid Within the space Of 90 minutes in separate attacks across northeastern London. The trend is being driven not by a common motive but by imitation. Sulfuric acid in drain cleaners, bleaches and corrosive alkalies ⅲ battery fluid can be bought for as little as $ 1 in discount stores across the country. "People see 0ther people d0ing it, so they will naturally pick it up," says detective chief inspector Mike West, the MetropoIitan Police's lead f01' corrosive-based crime. The lack of a p attern in the types of victims makes it diffcult for police to respond tO the increase in crimes. ln south ASia, acid attackers disproportionately target women, but "here, two-thirds ofvictims are men; ” says Jaf Shah, executive director 'PeopIe see Other people dOing it, SO they will naturally pick it up. ' MIKE WEST, MetropoIitan POIice lead for corrosive- based crime ofAcid Survivors Trust lnternational. Some people suggest that S evere restr1Ctions on the sale and possession Ofguns and knives have inspired criminals tO turn tO alternative weaponry ・ The British public is beginning tO awaken tO the trend. A national petition calling for tougher laws on the sale of corrosive materials has received nearly 500 , 000 signatures. The government says it is considering life sentences for perpetrators ofacid attacks. "Life sentences must not be reserved for acid-attack survivors, lnterior Minister Amber Rudd wrote 0 Ⅱ July 16. All ofthis comes too late for Hussain, whO is still struggling tO come to terms with the trauma ofhis attack. He just hopes the new political consensus will produce practical results, "N0b0dy should go through something like this; ” he says. ロ CARTOON BANS Winnie the Pooh and Homer too Chinese censors temporarily restricted images and mentions Of Winnie the POOh on social-media platforms WeChat and WeibO after some users compared the honey-loving bear tO President Xi 」 inping. —Kate Samuelson KENYA The Kenya Film Clas- sification Board in 」 une prohibited showings Of a numberofanimated programs, including The Legend ofKorra, HeyArnoId! and A e ル ′ e Time, claiming they glorified "homo- sexual behavior,. RUSSIA An episode Of The Simpsons in which Homer Simpson plays Pokémon GO during a religious service was banned by a Russian 科 network in May after the Orthodox Church complained that itwas offensive. U. S. Martin Handford's Where's Ⅳ 0 ? was banned in U. S. libraries in the 1990S after someone complained about an illustration Of a woman partially exposing her 代 breast in one ofthe busy beach scenes.

THINK OF YOUR MALL. Or think Of the one you went to as a kid. Think of the perfume clouds ⅲ the department stores. The floating Muzak. The foun- tains splashing below the skylights. The cinnamon wafting from the fOOd court. AS far back as ancient Greece, SOCiet- ies have congregated around a central marketplace. ln medieval Europe, they were outside cathedrals. For half of the 20th century and almost 20 years intO the new one, much ofAmerica has found their agora 0 Ⅱ the terrazzo between Or- ange Julius and Sb arro, Waldenbooks and the Gap, Sunglass Hut and H0t Topic. That mall was an ecosystem unto it- self, a combination Of community and commercialism peddling everything you needed and everything you didn't : Magic Eye posters, wind catchers, Air Jordans, slap bracelets. The giant department stores that held its flanks—Saks, the Bon- Ton, BIoomingdale's, Elder-Beerman— were miniature malls untO themselves, with their own e sc alators and sections and scents. ThiS was an experience replicated around the country from a single arche- type : Southdale Center in E dina, Minn. Opened in 1956 , it was the brainchild 0f Austrian architect Victor Gruen, a social- ist appalled by American sprawl he de- scribed as "avenues ofhorror. gathering places. The mall is both. And somehow walk through the same doors Gruen S response was America's first in the 61 years since the first enclosed and find something they all liked. Sure, modern mall, something he envisioned as one opened in suburban Minneapolis, the food was lousy for you and the oceans a hub for dense suburban developments the shopping mall has been where a huge 0f parking lots encouraged car-heavy that would include apartment buildings , swath of middle-class America went for development, something now scorned by hospitals and offce space. The building far more than shopping. lt was the home was fully enclosed, the storefronts faced contemporary planners. But for better or of first jobs and blind dates, the place worse, the mall has been America's public in, and large anchor stores were placed for family photos and ear piercings, square for the last 60 years. at separate ends tO attract customers where goths and grandmothers could SO what happens when it dis 叩 pears? and promote fOOt traffc tO the smaller Mi -1990S 2003 2005 1997 AnnuaI U. S. Retailers An estimated NetfIix create Cyber 140 malls launches online retail 1995 Monday tO as a home- sa les su rpass a year were $ 100 billion being built delivery promote fo 「 the first online sales around the movie Amazon sells ahead Of the time, more service, its first book; than 25 % holidays in 2016 it the online reported above the auction hub nea rly previous year e Bay opens $ 9 billion in fo 「 business revenue 3 : こを The interior 可市 e Sa れね 0S0 Ma 〃ⅲ Ma リ Esther, F . which has struggled tO ma ⅲⅲ工 00t traffc as stores have closed over theyears 3 ロ 1992 The Mall of America, with an amuse- ment park and initially 4.2 million sq. 化 Of reta ⅱ , opens in BIoomington, Minn. を ERI SANTA ROSA MALL: BRIAN ULRICH FOR TIME; SOUTHDALE, TIFFANY, MALL OF AMERICA, NETFLIX: GETTY IMAGES; FAST TIMES: EVERETT COLLECTION; BOOK: AMAZON 33

TIME VOL. 190 , NO. 5 ー 2017 3 ー Conversation 引 For the Record News from the し S. and around the world 5 lWhat comes after the Senate's failed effort to repeal Obama's health care law 引 Facts vs. alternative facts ユ例 MeralAksener, Turkey's IronLady ユ 2 ー Pamplona's annual bull run 1 引 Wildfires scorch southern Europe 16 llan Bremmer on the Arab world's sole working democracy What tO watch, read, see and dO 4 引 GirIs Trip is worth a trip tO the movie theater 4 引 The best Spider-Man movies, ranked 4 引 TheLast ' 1 ン C00 れ” Amazon S spin 0 Ⅱ F. Scott Fitzgerald's unfinished novel 501 Ryan Gattis' thriller Safe, and a historyofsixfamous womenbased on whatthey ate 52 ー 8 Questions for formerVice PresidentAl Gore The Brief 3 蘚ド " The View ldeas, opinion, innovations 1 引 Tears and the athlete's psyche ユ釧 The real origins Of summer vacation 20 ー Former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer mlnes government statistics for hidden truths 2 幻 David Von Drehle on "the Angel of Death Row ” Members 可 UlsterRifles wait tO evacuate Dunkirk - 斤 01 れ 0 れ improvised pier oflorries 砒 low tide 0 〃 e 1 , 1940 Ph0tograph 妙 March ofTime/ The LIFEPicture Collection/ Getty lmages; CO ー orizatio れ by Sa れれ Dullaway forTIME The Features Malls of America ロ The D 題れⅳ The Secret One-quarter ofall Spirit History U. S. mallsmayclose The U. S. readied federal The summer's biggest over the next five years agencies and even movie take s place during as our shared spaces WorldWar ll's darkest the military against continue tO move online Russia's efforts tO turnBy Stephanie ByJosh Sanburn 30 undermine the 2016 Zacharek 36 presidential election Q&Awith director ByMassimo Christopher N01an ONTHE COVER: Ph0tograph courtesy Calabresi 22 ByElizaBerman41 ofWarnerBros. TIME Asia is published 可 TIME Asia (Hong Kong) 凵 m . TIME publishes eight double issues. Each counts as 20 of 52 issues in an annual subscriptlon. TIME may so publish 引 extra issues. ◎ 2017 Time Asia (Hong Kong) l_imlted. rights reserved. ReprOductlon inwhole orin partwithoutwritten BHmission is prohibited. TIME and the Red Border are protectedthroughtrademark regtstration inthe U. S. and inthe countrieswhere TIME magazinecirculates. Bureau of Circulations. s : げ the (x)stalserviæs a に代 us that your magazine is undeliverable,we have no further obllgatlon unless ℃ receive a address Wlthin two a 「 s. CUSTOMER SERVICE AND 24 / 7 紀 e , 聞ー n 期・代一 ~ 5 曲 , ~ 、 t わ / / 物 w. れ e ー加 . c / 、 . rp ・ You m a 0 email ourCustomer Services Center at 日期ⅵ′魅än冶asla.com 併 call ( 852 ) 312 & 5688 , orwntetoTmeAs 旧 (Hong Kong) Limited, 3 〃 F, 0 0 「 d House,Taikoo 曰 aæ , 979 Klng's Road,Quarry Bay, Hong Kong.ln 」 a n , thesea 「 ee れ 4 ⅵ′å nQi れ冶ね . co れ 10 「 012066 236 ( 斤託 Dial) 0 「 2-51-27FAtago , Minato-ku,Tokyo 105 227. Ad 朝 : Forinformatlon and rates, Hong KongTelephone ( 852 ) 312 & 5169. Orvisit: ゼ01可れ0.com/れ漏始物忙 ReBfiTt: lnformation is available attime.com/dnwreprints. To request custom repnnts,vlsitdmerepr/n&. G0宿ル M 伽胸 t : We make a 虍 on ofourmailing listavailable to reputable firms. げ u would prefer that 、肥 not include your name, please contact ou 「 Customer Services Center. TIME Asia is edited in Hong Kong and pnnted in Singapore and Hong Kong. MCI (P) No. 058 / 08 / 2016. Malaysia KKDN permit no. PPS 676 / 03 / 2013 ( 022933 ). 2 TIME JuIY31, 2017

TheBrief ripple effects on efforts tO rewrite the leader Chuck Schumer says the GOP's tax code, revamp regulations and fund struggles have earned his party a seat at much-hyped bridges, roads and airports. the bargaining table. McConneII's first option is t0 try lt's an open question whether again, for the third time in a month, Democrats would decide, before the t0 shape a health care proposal that midterm elections, that they have can attract enough support from the an mcentive tO strike any sort Of moderate and conservative Wings Of compromise. But they might agree tO his caucus tO pass the chamber. But the a plan that would prop up two pillars gap between the tWO factions is vast Of Obamacare: the requirement that and 叩 pears t0 be growing. Senator all Americans buy he alth insurance Ted Cruz ofTexas cheered the right and the promise that government will with a proposalthat would provide subsidies for lower- scrap many key elements income citizens. The idea, ON THE ofObamacare, including championed by former TABLE regulations preventing Obama administratio n insurers from selling bare- offlcials Ezekiel Emanuel bones coverage on the cheap. and Kathleen Sebelius but Moderates oppose the idea, SO far no one in Congress, iS pointing tO an insurance- tO stabilize markets while industry report that estimates Congress considers moves tO that a plan like Cruz's would slOW rising health care costs. hike premiums for those How the White House likely tO need insurance. reacts tO what congressional Senators Lindsey Gra- Republicans choose t0 do ham of South Carolina and next i S another unknown. THE CASSIDY/ BiII Cassidy ofLouisiana Like McConneII, Trump was GRAHAM PLAN have pushed a plan t0 pre- caught offguard, having Preserve elements serve some ofObamacare's just wrapped a dinnertime Of Obamacare, but taxes, table proposed changes delegate federal strategy session with GOP money and decision- to Medicaid and distribute Senators when news broke Of makingto the states. $ 45 billion ⅲ federal aid to the health care bill's demise. PossibIe hurdle. states tO address the opiOid The President was defiant in に retains most ofthe epidemic. ln an effort tO win the face offailure, saying the bill's taxes on the wealthy, a nonstarter conservative support, Gra- next best thing to do would for conservatives. ham and Cassidy borrowed be tO let COSts continue tO Cruz'S idea tO allOW insur- climb and blame Democrats. THE CRUZ PLAN ers t0 sell skimpy coverage, "Let Obamacare fail; ” he Allow insurers tO while providing state-based tweeted. A President who begin providing cheap, safeguards for the sickest bare-bones coverage. once said health care would PossibIe hurdle: patients. The result is a plan be "so easy ” learned a hard The insurance that is likely too moderate for lesson about Washington: industry says it would conservatives and tOO conser- it's tough t0 take away raise coverage COStS vative for moderates. entitlement programs. for older, sicker A third option—most Americans. Meanwhile, the daunting painful for the GOP—is t0 task oftax reform looms, and workwith Democrats tO devise narrower it's not getting easier. Powerful factions fixes tO Obamacare. The mere suggestion in the GOP will fiercely protect their earned the ire ofconservatives, and cherished carve-outs in the tax COde. compromise could be a political liability And a party that's still without a signifi- for Senators whO spent years promising cant legislative achievement knows the repealto constituents. But it's possible pressure is building. "lfwe are stalled that Republican leaders, starved for out ” on health care, says a senior White a win, could scrape together enough House offlcial, "it will up the ante on support from Democrats tO pass a plan tax reform. " After the latest Republican tO bolster faltering insurers, slow the gamble gone wrong, it might not be wis e exodus from certain marketplaces and to bet on their next hand. —With report- lower premiums. Senate Democratic ingby ZEKEJ. MILLER/WASHINGTON ロ TIME JulY31, 2017 6 TICKER Australian 0n10n killed by し S. C02 Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull said he is "demanding answers" after a Sydney native was fatally shOt by a Minneapolis police officerfor undisclosed reasons. 」 ustine Damond, 40 , was killed by a single gunshot. after police responded toa911call she placed tO report a possible assault. Six activistsjailed ⅲ Turkey S ⅸ h u m a n ィ ights activists, including Amnestylnternational's local director, were jailed, pendingtrial bya Turkish court foralleged linksto a terrorist group. The government Of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has detained 50,000 people since a failed coup in 」 u Ⅳ 2016. R. KeIIy denies he held women ⅲ 'cult' The R&B singer R. Kelly denied claims in a BuzzFeed report that he has been holding aspiring female musicians against their will in an abusive "cult." His lawyer said he would "pursue his accusers and clear hiS name. Frozen pairfound 75 years later The frozen remains Of a couple whO disappeared 75 years ago were discovered on a SWiSS glacier. Marceline and Francine DumouIin went tO feed their cows in 1942 and never returned. THE SEBELIUS/ EMANUEL PLAN lncrease subsidies for insurers tO shore up markets and prevent a further rise 旧 prenmums. PossibIe hurdle: に doesn't even pretend tO repeal Obamacare. KOVIND: EPA; SEKULOW. CLINTON: AP ( 2 )

lt also comes, by the way, from a person his blond forelock, like an English Troy Dona- whO has gotten little enjoyment from most hue) is with him, and a neighbor, George (Barry of Nolan's movies, with the exception Of Keoghan, whose eager, earnest face practically the observant, deeply affectionate 2015 tears a gash in the movie), hops aboard at the documentary short Quay, about experimental last minute, uninvited but welcome enough. animators Stephen and Timothy Quay. N01an Rylance has the demeanor, the carriage is perh 叩 s best known for his trilogy 0fBatman and even the wardrobe Of a man whO stands films, particularly The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) , by what's right. When he boards his boat, which characterizes the Gotham superhero he's wearing a んⅡ tweed suit, complete with as a reclusive, reluctant loner With a bruised waistcoat. But his sense Of what's right has soul. But the movie's alleged darkness is ofthe nothing t0 d0 with propriety. lt comes, simply, calculated s ort. Like most Of Nolan's pictures ー fromthe heart. ln one ofthe film's quietest, most especially the elaborate puzzle movie lnception astonishing 1 れ 01 れ entS , he confirms tO hiS son, ( 2010 ) , a densely plotted dazzler that adds up with nothing more than a glance, that telling a t0 nothing—it's heavy on flashy technique that lie can sometimes be the right thing tO dO. strives tO convlnce us it's great filmmaking. Dunkirk, grand and ambitious as it is, is OF COURSE, Dunkirk is an action 1 れ 0 ⅵ e. NOlan different from any other NOlan movie. lt's calls it a "ride; ” the kind of cringe-inducing different from any other war movie, periOd. language e ncouraged by marketing dep art- steven Spielberg's saving private ッ 0 れ ( 1998 ) ments. But he clearly knows it's more than is Often hailed as a great war picture, and its that. The picture is intense and harrowing in Normandy-invasion sequence is brutally places. Those with fears ofclaustrophobia and effe ctive. But its intensity practic ally burns the drowning should steel themselves. The movie rest Ofthe story away. NOlan sustains Dunkirk's is alSO at times assaultively loud, a feature that dramatic tension from start tO finish. This is a meshes with eyewitness accounts. Yet it's SO supreme achievement made from small strokes, carefully paced and shaped that it never feels a kind of seurat painting constructedwith dark, like punishment. lt is also only 106 minutes glittering bits 0f history. N01an filmed largely long—its very economy is an act Of boldness. on location, at Dunkirk Beach. ()n certain lnstead 0f shrinking from this world, you scenes, a calm lake ⅲ the NetherIands stood ⅲ reach toward it. This is a picture that needs tO for the bulldoggishly choppy English Channel. ) be seen big, in lmax if you can. (That recom- The flying scenes, taut and thrilling, feature real mendation comes from a person WhO normally vintage Spitfires. When the small boats arrive' prefers dentistry tO lmax. ) How Dunkirk's unique visual style was achieved: ュ . T H E ー N す E N 5 ーす Y Cinematographer Hoyte va れ日 0 tema captured the relentless action by training hiS 厄れ S over the soldiers' shoulders 0 れ d れれ iZi れ g overhead shOts 市住 t allow for reflection between action た es. "Every shotyoujust ha 怩 tO askyourself,' he says, "what it wou 旧 e た e. ” 39

LightBox Europe burns in the heat of summer A wildfire sears the hills near SpIit, Croatia, on 」 u ツ 18. lt's just one blaze Of hundreds that firefighters are battling across southern Europe, from Portugal in the west tO Montenegro in the east, as high temperatures and low rainfall have turned the region intO a virtualtinderbox. Ph0tograph by EPA For more ofour bestphotography, visittime.com/lightbox

shops ⅲ between. ln the middle was a European-style central court with sculptures, an open-air café and an aviary. "Southdale set the tone for most malls after that; ” says Thomas Fisher, a profe ssor Of architecture at the University of Minnesota. lt didn't take long for thousands of acres Of farmland tO be converted intO massive centers for buying stuff, sur- rounded by blacktop— pyramids to the boom years,: ” the writer Joan Did- ion called them. Their construction was helped along by the lnterstate Highway System and enormous commercial in- vestments aided by changing tax laws. The white flight from citie s during the 1960S and 70S assured a customer base (and further isolated those le 代 behind in city centers). By the 1980S and int0 the ' 90S , malls had vanquished Main Street and colonized pop culture. They became grist for board games (Mall Madness), TV game shows (Shop 'TiI You Drop) and concert tours. (Tiffany's 1987 mall road show helped the teen star reach NO. 1 on the pop charts; Britney Spears replicated the strategy a decade later. ) Fast Times 滬 gemo High, the seminal 1982 61m about high school life, set much Of its angsty action inside LOS Angeles' Sherman 0 aks Galleria. Seven years later, the time-traveling slackers ⅲ Bill 0 れ d Ted's ExceIIent Adventure brought Joan of Arc, Abraham Lincoln, Genghis Khan and Other historical icons tO hang out at their local mall. Because where else would you go in suburban California in 1989 ? Malls had become "the new Main Streets ofAmerica,: ” as William Kowinski wrote in his 1985 book The Ma れ g 可 2007 FO 「 the first time since the 1950S , no new malls were built in the U. S. 2010 ー 13 Mall visits decline by 50% as online shopping beco m es increasingly popular 2012 Annual Ob 引 online business-to- consumer sa les top $ 1 trillion fo 「 the first time America. lnde ed, legal c ase s throughout the decade tested the argument that malls should not be seen as private spaces because so much public life happened there. (The courts didn't always agree. ) By 1992 , the New York Times could count 48 malls within a 90-minute drive ofTimes Square. That same year, the Mall Of America opened its doors in Bloom- ington, Minn. , with an amusement park at the center of 5.6 million sq. 化 0f re- tail that eventually grew intO more than 500 stores. 用 1 told, 1 , 500 malls were built in the U. S. between 1956 and 2005 , and their rate Of growth Often outpaced that 0f the population. Like all booms, this one couldn't last. The decline began slowly, in the mid- 2000S. The rise 0f online shopping and the blow of the Great Recession led to a drop ⅲ sales and foot traff1C at big-brand retailers like JCPenney and Macy's that anchored many ofthe country's malls. Be- tween 2010 and ' 13 , mall visits during the holiday season, the busiest shopping time ofthe year, dropped by 50 %. SOME OF THE GREAT mall die-offis what economists refer tO as a market correc- tion. "We are over-retailed; ” says Ron- ald Friedman, a partner at Marcum LLP, which researches consumer trends. There is an estimated 26 sq. 仕 . ofretail for every person ⅲ the U. S. , compared with about 2 ・ 5 sq. 化 per capita ⅲ Europe. Roughly 60 % of Macy's stores slated to close are within 10 miles Of another Macy's. A growing number Of Americans, however, don't see the need tO go tO any Macy's at all. Our digital lives are frictionless and ruthlessly efflcient, with retail and romance available at a 2015 jumpfrom and a 12 % e-commerce day fO 「 U. S. biggest single in sales, the $ 3.45 billion brings in Cyber Monday 2016 click. MaIIs were designed for leisure, abundance, ambling. You parked and planned t0 spend some time. T0day, much Ofthat time has been given over tO busier lives and secondjobs and 叩 ps that let you swipe right instead 0f haunt the fOOd court. Malls, says Harvard business professor Leonard Schlesinger, 'were built for patterns Of social interaction that increasingly don't exist. ” Younger Americans "100k at malls ⅲ an antiquated way,' says Dan Bell, a filmmaker who produces the Dead Ma 〃 Series on YouTube, an eerie record Of the nation's fading commercial temples. "They see it as, 'That was my parents' thing, and it's not my thing. BeII's videos of abandoned and dying mallS have received millions Of views online, eliciting hundreds Of messages a week from the same kids and teenagers whO wouldn't set fOOt inside a traditional mall. "When you go into a dead mall, it's like shock and awe at the same time; ” he says. "I think that's really appealing for a lot ofyoung people. lt's like watching the Titanic sink. There are still about 1 , 100 malls ⅲ the し S. today, but a quarter of them are at risk ofclosing over the next five years, ac- cording tO estimates from Credit Suisse. Other analysts predict the number will be even higher. Some ailing malls have al- ready moved on tO a second life. Austin Community C011ege ⅲ Texas purchased Highland Mall in 2012 and converted part Of it intO a tech-driven learning lab and library. ln Nashville, Vanderbilt Univer- sity Medical Center moved intO the sec- ond floor ofthe 100 Oaks Mall a few miles from downtown. The Southland Chris- tian Church ⅲ Lexington, Ky. , bought increase since its 旧 0 in 1997 share, a 5 , 689 % stock price hits $ 1 , 024 per in 2012. Amazon's halvingthe number open than 300 stores, announce closure Of n10 「 e Sears and Kmart 2017 34 TIME July 31 , 2017

TheBrief Dispatch Oppo sition politicians are not immune. This pastJune, a court sentenced an opposition lawmaker tO 25 years in prison in connection With a government leak case, one Ofa dozen WhO have been arrested. Kemal Kilicdaroglu, leader ofthe Republican People's Party (CHP), Turkey's largest opposition party, staged a 280- mile protest march from Ankara tO lstanbul in response, culminating in avast ' justice ” rally in lstanbul onJuly 9 that was the largest show of opposition in years. But the gray-haired, bespectacled opposition leader is in a poor position tO mount a genuine challenge tO Erdogan. His secular-establishment CHP has been unable tO win a national election for 15 years, and observers ofTurkish politics think he lacks the ruthlessness tO take on the President. Aksener, however, poses a unique threat tO Erdogan because her brand ofpolitics draws from a pool ofpro-business, religious and nationalist voters similar tO the President's. Her principled opposition to Erdogan's constitutional power grab has allowe d her t0 expand her 叩 peal t0 disaffected members ofthe rulingJustice and Development Party (AKP) and even to some left-leaning voters. "She is a major political threat tO President Erdogan, ' says Aykan Erdemir, a liberal Turkish politician who served in parliament with Aksener. "Aksener could be an attractive candidate tO Turkey's center-right electorate , and SO she has the potentialto steal voters from Erdogan and the AKP. " Born in 1956 in lzmit, a city outside lstanbul, Aksener won her first seat in parliament in 1995 as a member ofthe secular conservative True Path Party. She became a central player in Turkey's national political drama tWO years later, when the military issued an ultimatum to the government in what became known as the postmodern coup. ” Then lnterior Minister, Aksener stOOd up tO the armed forces' meddling, despite General Cetin Saner's threat to "impale ” her on a spike. She also declined to press charges against Saner. "She was not vengeful, which is something you cannot say about Erdogan,: ” says Erdemir. Like Erdogan, however, she is un 叩 olo- getically conservative. She says she has "con- cerns" about the presence 0f3 million Syrian refugees ⅲ the country and is hawkish toward Kurdish separatists; in the past she has op- posed peace talks with the militants ofthe Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), Turkey's adversary in a long-running war. alSO The ' 夏 ro 取 Lady' Of Turkey getting ready tO challenge を r oga 取 By Jared Malsin/Istanbul MERAL AKSENER DOESN'T RUN FROM FIGHTS. TURKEY'S former lnterior Minister is known informally as Asena, a mythological she-wolf. When the country's military took steps in 1997 tO remove the government from power, she tOOk a stand against its leaders. A general threatened tO have the young minister impaled "on an oily spike that we'll put in front Ofthe ministry.. ” Speaking about the conversation in 2013 , she downplayed the confrontation. "I did what I was supposed t0 d0 , ” she said. As she once defied the military, her supporters now hope she can stand in the way ofthe coll 叩 se 0fTurkey's democracy, one year after another attempte d coup. A veteran nationalist, Aksener campaigned vigorously against a constitutional over- haul proposed by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan that is set t0 replace Turkey's parliamentary system with one dominated by his own powerful presidency. Erdogan won a narrow, diS- 'Meral Aksener is puted victory in the referen- a major political dum on April 16 , but Aksener threat tO Erdogan .. won herselfa far higher pro- She could be 61e. She drew throngs to rau- an attractive cous campalgn rallies across candidate tO the country where she urged the public t0 vote no. Huge Turkey's center- crowds chanted, "Prime Min- right electorate. ' ister Meral! ” AYKAN ERDEMIR, senior fellow at NOW A. ksener S the Foundation for Defense of (pronouncedAk-she-ner) has Democracies been whispered as a possible challenger to Erdogan ⅲ the presidential election expected in 2019. Aides reveal tO TIME that she is planning to announce a new political party. Speaking at her lstanbul home in May, her face lit 叩 when she spoke about how she rattles Erdogan. "I ruin his comfort zone, she says, "because he knows I am a real competitor. ' FEW WOULD DARE stand up tO thiS regime. After a combined 14 years as Prime Minister and president, Erdogan has acted tO suppress nearly every source ofopposition, sidelining other leaders within his party, jailing opposition lawmakers and censoring critical news organizations. He has done SO while winning a series ofelections, modeling a style ofpolitics similar tO the conservative brand ofpopulism that swept Europe and America in 2016. The repression accelerated in the aftermath ofthe failed and bloody coup on July 15 , 2016. More than 50 , 000 people have been detained SO far, includingjournalists, students and civil servants. The crackdown has intensified lately. InJuIy 2017 , police arrested 10 human-rights activists, including Amnesty lnternational's Turkey director, on "terrorism" charges. 10 TIME JulY31, 2017 RENA EFFENDI FOR TIME

TheView BOOK IN BRIEF a baby because you're losing. That's pathetic. ” As Sasser well knows, however, there is indeed crying ⅲ baseball—and every other sport—even ifthe pros work hard t0 conceal it. Mary Decker Slaney famously sobbed on the track at the 1984 Olympics; she was the favorite going int0 the 3 , 000- m race but fell after tangling her feet with another runner's. "I worked my whole life for something that was gone in an instant; ” Decker Slaney told the Associated Press three decades later. "l'm not ashamed ofcrying. Given hOW much athletes crave success, the outsize commitment they make tO winning, and how devastating it can be tO fail, it's a wonder there isn't more on-field gushing after defeats. "Emo- tions start tO control the athletes," says Patrick Cohn, a sports psychologist who works with both youth and professional athletes, "rather than ath- letes controlling their emotions. ” TO experts wh0 help athletes deal with stress, Cilic's collapse appeared to be an example 0f catastrophizing— es sentially blowing things out 0f proportion in away that forfeits control. Sure, Cilic was hurt. But as long as he was healthy enough to continue, he could have convinced himselfhe had a fighting chance. "lt's much better tO minimize Ob- stacles and deal with them in a way that's calmer and more optimistic than lOSing control emotion- ally," says J0hn Murray, a sports psychologist whose clients include pro tennis players. But experts also say the rising stakes ofpro sports have made it harder for athletes to keep a handle on their emotions, even as it'S become more important. more money involved, SO more pres- sure,' says Murray,. ln North America alone, the pro and amateur sports marketplace is expected tO grow t0 $ 75.7 billion by 2020 , according to PwC, up from $ 52 billion at the start ofthe decade—a 46%jump. N0t surprisingly, the demand for mental coaching is soaring. Many elite individual athletes and most pro andbig-time college teams have sports psycholo- gists on their payrolls. The weight of expectation is particularly heavy at the top. After his loss, Cilic made a point of say- ing he had disappointed the coterie of family, coaches and trainers whO spent months helping him prepare. Such thinking is common ⅲ sports. "Eight out 0f 10 athletes we work with have social- 叩 proval concerns,' says C0hn. "Their big source Of pressure comes from their interpretation of what others think of their game. " Watching CiIic bawl from his La-Z-Boy ⅲ FIorida, Sasser remembered his own struggles on the field and knew deeper issues were at play. "A 10t ofpeople thought he was a wimp," sasser says. "He's not a wimp. ” The lesson of Cilic's tears, for both athletes and fans, is the need to work the mind as intensely as the body. 18 TIME JulY31, 2017 The risky business Of angel inve sting BUYING INTO THE NEXT FACEBOOK OR Netflix before it goes public may seem beyond the reach of all but tho s e with the deepest pockets. But asJason Calacanis explains in his new book, Angel, anyone can become an angel investor—as long as they're prepared to lose it all. (lt's "the highest-risk investing in the world,: ” he warns. ) There are ways tO mitigate JASON LA S risk, though. TO start, Calacanis suggests joining an angel syndicate 0 ミ、 like SeedInvest, FundersClub or to 脣“山独訂準ー AngelList (which 1 面要ー命忙一 om ーー第器物・ 響 ho rn 引 , 000 0 he uses), where S100 , 000 , 000 you can contribute as little as $ 1 , 000 as part 0fa group funding effort. As for picking the right company? Calacanis says tO lOOk for Other notable investors, at least tWO founders ()s insurance against one ofthem quitting) and proof that the company can keep itselfgoing for 18 months after receiving its funds. lfyou choose correctly, as CaIacanis did with Uber, the reward can be enormous. 'Someone has tO write these early checks," he writes. Why not you?" ー・ SARAH BEGLEY VERBATIM 'I wanted tO be represented, as simple as that. I just wanted an 0J1 Of 1 れ e. ' RAYOUF ALHUMEDHI, a 16-year-oId Saudi living in Vienna, reacting tO the news that AppIe will add an iOS emo. 」 i Of a girl wearing a headscarf, after she proposed one last September 0 0 CHARTOON At the oxymoron ー強収 se 収 m 0 崩。 W 「 0 ぉ・町 0 耘”イ虹 .8 川 reæn+ p 十 los+ 浦 scover primi+ive 凱 d Ⅵ川十 5 C 畆 war 川 Ode ræ+ored life carren 十 e 55 ⅵ r 耘 priva+e ん 6 汁 5 ド川 e 帚 石 0 ん計 0 ヴ lo 5 ロ JOHN ATKINSON, WRONG HANDS