SPECIAL REPORT THE SECRET HISTORY 0 ド ELECTION 20 ユ 6 THE WHITE HOUSE WAS PREPARED TO CALL OUT THE M 旧 TARYTO GUARD THE VOTE FROM A RUSSIAN HACK BY MASSIMO CALABRESI things looked less innocuous. ln the days RIVERSIDE COUNTY DISTRICT ATTORNEY Michael Hestrin was at his desk onJune 7 , after the vote, more people started com- 2016 , when the calls started coming in. ing forward to say they'd also had prob- lt was the day ofthe CaIifornia presiden- lems with their VOter registration on pri- tial primary, and upset voters wanted mary day. ln at least half a dozen cases, the county's top prosecutor tO know that Hestrin and his investigators concluded, they had been prevented from casting the changes had been made by hack- their ballots. "There were people calling ers WhO had used private information, our offce and filing complaints that they like SOCial Security or driver's-license had tried tO vote and that their registra- numbers, tO access the central VOter- tion had been changed unbeknownst to registration database for the entire state them,: ” says Hestrin. Soon there were more of California. than 20 reports oftrouble, and Hestrin, a There the trail went cold. The Cali- 19-yearveteran 0fthe offce and a gradu- fornia secretary ofstate's Off1ce tOld Hes- ate of Stanford Law SchooI, dispatched trin's investigators that the state's system investigators tO county polling places tO hadn't recorded the lnternet addresses of see What was going on. the computers that had made the changes , At first what they found was reassur- SO there was no way tO learn the identity ing. Everyone who had been blocked from of the hackers. Hestrin could go no fur- voting had been offered a provisional bal- ther, but that wasn't the end ofit. The 1 ⅲ - lOt, and most had cast their votes that gering mystery Of the voter-registration way,. But as the investigators dug deeper, changes bred doubt among members of ILLUSTRATION BY BROBEL DESIGN FOR TIME

For the Record Number Of years for which a $5.25 million self-powered boat plans tO 可 around the world; converted om an open-sea sailing racing vessel by the group Energy Observer, the boat will 肥 0 れ SO 「 panels, wind turbines and a hydrogen fuel-cell system DISBEL IEF THAT 工 CAN REACH S UCH HEIGHTS. ' 一△ー曇 イ日 R STORIES △ 舮伍Ⅳ BEEN TOLD. ' BETSY DEVOS, U. S. Secretary Of Education, defending college students accused of sexual assault on campus, following meetings with bOth them and victims, as well as higher- education officials; DeVos, who will evaluate the government's policies on the matter, 引 SO said, "We can'tgo backtothe days when allegations were swept under the rug. Coca Production of the plant used tO make cocalnelsupan unprecedented 50% in Colombia ROGER FEDERER, 35- yea ト 0 に tennis star, reacting tO his record eighth Wimbledon men's singles title after becoming on 」 uly 16 the OIdest man tO win thetournament's championship in the Open era G000 WEEK 日 AD WEEK 'We'll first rip the heads off of these traitors.' Number ofyears Australian Senator Scott Ludlam served before recently realizing he wasn't qualified to serve in the first place, because he's a dual citizen of New Zealand; he'd been elected three times Cannabis Nevada faced a shortage Of newly legalized marijuana ・仂 are a death sentence, p/ain and simp/e. ' ANDREW MCCABE, acting FBI Director, describing prescriptions fO 「 medically unnecessary opioids in a scam that led tO the charging Of 412 health care workers— including 56 physicians—with related crimes that collectively defrauded the government Of $ 1.3 billion RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN, President Of Turkey, condemning terrorists and plotters ata 」 uly 15 rally marking the one-year anniversary Of an unsuccessful military coup against his government; more than 240 were killed and 2 , 000 were injured in the 2016 attempt 57Ab Name ofthe newfound star that University Of Cambridge's lnstitute Of Astronomy believes to be the smallest ever discovered; it'S approximately 2 , 000 tO 3 , 000 times dimmer than Earth's sun ILLUSTRATIONS BY BROWN BIRD DESIGN FOR TIME 'THERE'S NO SEPARATION OF POWERS, NO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION.' ISABEL SANTANDER, a 67 ツ ea ト 0 旧 retired auditor, explaining why she joined in a symbolic vote against President Nicoläs Maduro's plan tO create a legislative bOdy tO rewrite the country's constitution; opposition leaders say more than 7 million citizens participated in the 」 u ツ 16 referendum SOURCES: AP; ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS; BBC; CNN; LOS ANGELESTIMES

TheView Data I crunched the numbers on the U. S. government. Here's what I learned By Steve BaIImer I'M A NUMBERS GUY. THEY'RE HOW I UNDERSTAND THE WORLD— what's good and what's bad, what's working and what isn't. After I stepped down as CEO 0fMicrosoft and began getting more involved in philanthropy and civic advocacy with my wife, Connie, I realized that I had very little sense ofthe numbers behind the U. S. government. When I went searching for enlightening statistics, I found they were scattered or unavailable or incomprehensible—ifl could even locate them. That's what led to USAFacts: a platform, launched in ApriI, that offers a lOOk at the government by the numbers—about revenue, spending and outcomes—to create a common set Of facts that can serve as a foundation for the type Of informed debate that is essential to our democracy. So, to start those conversations, here are five areas where the numbers might surprise you—they certainly surprised me. BaIImer is theformer CEO ofMicrosoft, the owner 可市 e も os Angeles Clippers 0 d 0 co-creator 可 USAFacts with his wife, Connie OUR ROADS ARE IMPROVING From what l've read,l assumed that for 訓 we spend on infrastructure, we still have lOts Of roads, bridges and facilities that are outdated and in disrepair. Yet in 2014,just 3.3 % of the nation's interstate highways were in unsatisfactory condition, and the percentage Of bridges that are structurally deficient has declined from 24.1 % in 1990 to 9.6 % in 2015. Though whether the quality is good enough remains a legitimate question. A 0 , in 2014 , we spent $ 228 billion on transportation and transportation safety. Whether the spending numberis t00 high, t00 IOW orjust right is an essential question. Butwe should lOOk tO the outcomes: traffic fatalities declined om 51 , 091 in 1980 to 32 , 675 in 2014 , even though the number of licensed drivers increased from 145 million tO 214 million. MOST GOVERNMENT WORKERS AREN'T "BUREAUCRATS ” Government employees are Often portrayed as behind-closed- doors bureaucrats. But 9 out of 10 ofthem are not. They're people involved in direct services, whom we come in contact with daily: they're hospital workers, transportation staff, parks-and イ ecreation employees. The preponderance Of the 23 million public employees— across federal, state and local government—are directly serving the people. NearIy half work in education. And roughly 10 % are active-duty military 0 「 involved in police protection. WEALTHY PEOPLE GET MORE HELP PAYING FOR THEIR HOMES Housing iS a way in WhiCh people save money. Housing stabilizes people's lives. And, yes, housing iS expensive— SO much SO that one might thinkthe governmentwould provide the most assistance tO families that don't have stable housing, which limits their opportunity tO pursue the American Dream. And yet, 96 % Of 0 れ e Of America's largest housing-related subsidies-—-the mortgage interest deduction— benefits the richest 20 % Of households instead of helping ourleast fortunate afford homes. POVERTY STILL TRAPS FAR T00 MANY KIDS And black children are hit hardest: those born intO the lowest-income families have a 50 % likelihood Of staying there forlife. That's t00 little Ofa shot at being able to get ahead, and as a nation we can dO better. AMERICAN HOUSES ARE BURNING DOWN LESS OFTEN From 1980 to 2014 our population increased by 42 % , from 227 million to 321 million. And yet house fires are down about 50 % , om 734 , 000 to 367 , 000. This is driven by some combination Ofthe better way things get built now vs. then and the quality Of fire departments. Butl had no clue that house fires are way rarertodaythan when ー was- growing up. に く ILLUSTRATIONS BY MARTIN GEE FOR TIME 20 TIME JuIY31, 2017

Time Off Books NONFICTION Her food, her self IF YOUARE WHAT YOU EAT, ELEANOR ROOSEVELTWAS LEFTOVERS ON TOAST. Culinary historian Laura Shapiro has memorialized one 0fthe world's most celebrated cooks inJulia C ん旧 : A も and dissected American food culture in two 0ther works. ln her latest, What SheAte: Six emar た ab 厄 Women & the Food That Tells Their Stories, she studies the eating habits and hang-ups ofsignificant figures. Probing biographies, archives and her subjects' own writing, Shapiro argues that f00d and diet open revealing windows intO character. extraordinary circumstances produce extraordinary women; ” She writes, "food makes them recognizable. ” —LUCY FELDMAN FICTION Do-gooders in gangland RYAN GATTIS' NEW novel, Safe, pits tWO narra- tors against each other— both ofthem bad guys trying t0 be good. Ricky MendozaJr. , a. k. a. Ghost, a former addict whO cracks safes for the DEA, has decided to go rogue ⅲ a "ghetto Robin H00d' plot tO steal from gangsters tO pay offmortgages ofthose inneed. (lt's 2008 , and the financial criSiS looms. ) This puts him at odds with RudoIfo "Rudy ” Reyes, a. k. a. Glasses, a power- ん 1 gangster 's right-hand man whO hopes tO inform on his boss and start life fresh. At times, Gattis over- explains these men S motivations. He needn't— the pathos oftheir problems is inherently compelling. This macho, faster-than- a- speeding- bullet novel benefits from the extensive research Gattis has done on the L. A. gang scene —hiS previous novel,All lnvolved, was about the 1992 riOts— and that deep knowledge informs electrifying plot twists. TO navigate them, Gh0 st knows , he's "got t0 put a saddle on all the stuff that makes me be me and ride it. Strategy ・ Lying. Cleverness. AII the gifts I ever had that made me a damn goodjunkie have got to be used for good now. ” —SARAH BEGLEY 瓦 E 0 飛 00S V 瓦 T The cuisine in the Roosevelt White House was widely known as "the worst in the history Ofthe presidency. A Depression-era mentality certainly contributed— Henrietta Nesbitt, the COOk (the "most reviled" ever tO serve) dreamed up a low-cost lunch standby: 厄代 ove , whether kidneys, curried eggs shrimp and peas, 0 れ toast. The First Lady herself had little skill orinterest in the kitchen—the one dish she prepared with confidence, again and again throughout her marriage, was scrambled eggs, beaten and cooked in a chafing dish at the suppertable. "ltwas the onlyversion of homemaking she felt she was good at," Shapiro writes. " Everybody liked the eggs and the convivial atmosphere, and nobody questioned the casting. EVABRAUN The firstwords Braun spoketoAdoIfHitIerwere "Guten Appetit, ' uttered over a Bavarian sausage and beer she placed before him as a photographer's assistant. She was 17 , he 40,and theiraffairbegan shortlythereafter. Hitler hid their relationshipfrom the public through their 1945 suicides,which occurredthe dayafterthey married. But within the walls Ofthe Berghof, a zone untouched by wartime famine, Braun cherished her position in the seat tO his leftat lunch. Meals like sauerbraten (a pot イ oast dish), dumplings and spaghetti were Often shared among officials and guests (Hitler, a sweet-toothed vegetarian, was served from a separate tray)—but aside from a thirst for sparkling wine, Braun consumed very little. "She found his dietary regimen disgusting and said so, Shapiro notes. Secretary Traudl 」 unge described Braun as very proud ofbeing slim and dainty. 石 GU. 飛瓦 Y 飛 0 Ⅳ 旧 Sex and the SingIe GirI and as editor Of CosmopoIitan, Brown nevershied awayfrom sharingthe details Ofher life. Butwhen itcame tO fOOd, she could neverquite make up her mind. Attimes she declared herselfto be an expert cook—at others, a novice. She celebrated eatingand then decried the guiltthatfollowed.ln truth, Brown was a career dieter. Her favorite nighttime sustenance: a box Of sugar-free 」 e , mixed intO rub- berwithjusta bit ofwaterand finished with a dollop Of light yogurt. "FOOd and comfort, fOOd and safety, fOOd and emotional support—it's the Oldest relationship there is," Shapiro writes. "When she came backto her favorite 」 e ル 0 night after night, she was tasting perfect calm and sweet security. ILLUSTRATIONS BY CARRIE LAPOLLA FOR TIME 50 TIME JuIy 31 , 2017

TheBrief TICKER Some student debts could be wiped out Tens ofthousands Of people in the U. S. whO are behind on paying 0 幵 their private student loans could see their debts erased. The NationaI Collegiate Student Loan Trusts has been unable to prove g 引 ownership ofatleast $ 5 billion in defaulted loans. Abuse 0 工 German choirboys rampant Atleast 547 members Of a Catholic chOir for boys in Regensburg, Germany, were physi- callyor sexuallyabused by church members over 70 years, accord- ing tO an investigation. Georg Ratzinger, brother offormer Pope Benedict XVI, ran the choir from 1964 to 1994 but denies being aware Of any sexual abuse. lran sentences し S. studentfor "spying ” A U. S. grad student was sentenced tO 10 years in prison in lran after he was accused Of "spying under the cover Of research. Princeton scholar Xiyue Wang was arrested while researching his dissertation in 2016. Miniskirt gets Saudi 田 0 ーれ 0 れ arrested A woman shown wearing a croptop and miniskirt in a video ShOt in a conservative town in Saudi Arabia was arrested and questioned by police fO 「 violating the kingdom's strict dress code. The video had prompted great debate on social media. CRIME Acid attacks have become a brutal new trend in the U. K. By Tara John/London IN THE LATE SUMMER OF 2015 , SAMIR Hussain was walking out Of a movie near hiS hometown in London's outer suburbs when two men approached him. Charged words escalated into a fistfight, and suddenly one of them doused the 29-year-oId ⅲ a liquid that he says felt "too heavy to be water. lt was sulfuric acid, which sears and blisters the skin on contact. "I could just about open one 0f my eyes, and I could see him smiling at me; ” Hussain tells TIME ofhis attacker. "lt was sinister. ” NOW HussaIn wears a mask t0 help heal the scars that cover three- quarters 0f his face. He will bear the marks for the rest ofhis life. The horrific attack is just one in what has become a disturbing trend in the U. K. , especially in the capital city, London. According t0 the Metropolitan POlice, assaults using corrosive materials spiked by more than 70 % ()0 454 ) ⅲ 2016 , having risen steadily over the past three years. This year alone, more than 119 attacks have been recorded so far. 0 Ⅱ July 13 , five people were doused With acid Within the space Of 90 minutes in separate attacks across northeastern London. The trend is being driven not by a common motive but by imitation. Sulfuric acid in drain cleaners, bleaches and corrosive alkalies ⅲ battery fluid can be bought for as little as $ 1 in discount stores across the country. "People see 0ther people d0ing it, so they will naturally pick it up," says detective chief inspector Mike West, the MetropoIitan Police's lead f01' corrosive-based crime. The lack of a p attern in the types of victims makes it diffcult for police to respond tO the increase in crimes. ln south ASia, acid attackers disproportionately target women, but "here, two-thirds ofvictims are men; ” says Jaf Shah, executive director 'PeopIe see Other people dOing it, SO they will naturally pick it up. ' MIKE WEST, MetropoIitan POIice lead for corrosive- based crime ofAcid Survivors Trust lnternational. Some people suggest that S evere restr1Ctions on the sale and possession Ofguns and knives have inspired criminals tO turn tO alternative weaponry ・ The British public is beginning tO awaken tO the trend. A national petition calling for tougher laws on the sale of corrosive materials has received nearly 500 , 000 signatures. The government says it is considering life sentences for perpetrators ofacid attacks. "Life sentences must not be reserved for acid-attack survivors, lnterior Minister Amber Rudd wrote 0 Ⅱ July 16. All ofthis comes too late for Hussain, whO is still struggling tO come to terms with the trauma ofhis attack. He just hopes the new political consensus will produce practical results, "N0b0dy should go through something like this; ” he says. ロ CARTOON BANS Winnie the Pooh and Homer too Chinese censors temporarily restricted images and mentions Of Winnie the POOh on social-media platforms WeChat and WeibO after some users compared the honey-loving bear tO President Xi 」 inping. —Kate Samuelson KENYA The Kenya Film Clas- sification Board in 」 une prohibited showings Of a numberofanimated programs, including The Legend ofKorra, HeyArnoId! and A e ル ′ e Time, claiming they glorified "homo- sexual behavior,. RUSSIA An episode Of The Simpsons in which Homer Simpson plays Pokémon GO during a religious service was banned by a Russian 科 network in May after the Orthodox Church complained that itwas offensive. U. S. Martin Handford's Where's Ⅳ 0 ? was banned in U. S. libraries in the 1990S after someone complained about an illustration Of a woman partially exposing her 代 breast in one ofthe busy beach scenes.