年前であったか急に飛び上ったことがある。その時 great and real beauties' ( 0 childish gewgawsy ribbands, and bone-lace.' は女のほうが男よりもずっと背が高かった。我々が 婦人自身がすでに自然の大傑作であるのに、装節 女の前へ出るとまるで。ハッタのような感があった。 いしゆく のお蔭で、そのうえにどうしようの、こうしようと 現今ではまたずっと萎縮してほとんど別属と見え いうのは全然不可能である。婦人がたはぜひこの点 る美人団ができた。 ばかげ を御一考願いたい。頭は人間の最高部に位するとこ 帽子などに馬鹿気た意匠を凝らして、いたずらに人 てみじ : : 手短 ろで、またもっとも美くしい部分である。 を驚かしたって、なんの役にも立たないという注意が かにいうと、自然はそのもっとも光栄ある作物の頂 あって、しまいに例の説教がある。 2 1 would desire the fair sex tO consider hOW 冠として頭を据えたのである。その上に入らざる装 こども くず かさ impossible 一 ( オ for them ( 。 add any thing that 飾を積み畳ねて、整った形を崩したり、小供らしい 玩具をびらっかせて、わざ / \ 本来の美を目に付か can be ornamental ( 0 what is already the master ・ ないようにするのは愚かである。 piece Of nature. The head has the most beautiful 常識の説法はたいがいこのくらいなものである。べ appearance, as well as the highest station, in a つだん面白いこともないが、過度を忌むという例には human figure ・ ・ in short she (nature) seems ( 0 have designed the head 餝 the cupola ( 0 the なる。もう一つ例を挙げる。 ひとしきり婦人の男装が流行ったことがある。これ most glorious 0f her works; and when we load も常識から見れば突飛である。『ス・ヘクテーター』の 評一 ( with such a pile 0 ( supernumerary ornaments, 学 we destory the symmetry of the human figu 月 0 百四号にスティールがこれを攻撃した。 文 'There is so large a portion Of natural agree ・ and foolishly contrive ( 0 call 0 the eye from おもしろ とっぴ っ 2Z9

しまう。理性のある人間はとうていあのような言語を avow them•' replied ・一 am much embarrassed, Mr. Los 「 e 二 ・ : 」とて『好古家』、ジ 使用することはできない : I would not will ・ ージ三世 (Antiqua 「 Y ・ G00 「 ge lll) の節を引いて the young ladY' - by ou 「 your 】 antiC and ingly use a strong word I trust hope 一ワ , pe 「 tinacity. 一 ( ま「 ou e 一 ( 一 plead' Mr. LoveI' answered Miss Wardour, that ou would consider the calls which ou 月 I am sure ou are incapable you will not, that ou w ill not waste, in an idle and fanciful indulgence 0 ( ou have as an 三・ placed predilecuon' time' which' well 「 edeem- affect my father, can neve 「 be sumciently acknowl- & 0 「「 0 「 CO = 三 M 「 . LO 0 一 000 me with ・ 0 」』目 ( 一「 0 0 ー 0 「 ( 一 on , 00 三 lay the ま = n 」一 0 = Of future distinction. Let me entreat that you could he out his own peace being affected' no man will would form a manly 「 esolution see me as a friend, as a つけくわ オリファントはさらに付加えて、「これは偶然彼の and from all I have ever heard of Mr. be, ます 言い方の拙いものを挙け得たのではない。彼の小説の Lovel. ought ( 0 be, mo 「 e welcome. but 会話は皆この種の竹馬式に属する。引用した章は、男 Forgive me 一 ( 一 inter 「 upt ou , Miss 「 a 「 dour ・ 論 You need not ( 「 my int 「 uding upon 。当三。。 ( 女とも激しい感動を起すべき場面であるのに、双方と 形 whe 「。一 have been 巴「 dY seve 「 elY 「。 p 「。 d 】もすこぶる冷淡な言葉を話させられている。特に女は、 but do not add ( 0 the seve 「 ity 0 ( 「 epelling 後にこの男の伯爵であることが解 0 てから、結婚する のだから、その心中よほどの感激を起していたのだ。 my sentiments the rigou 「 0 ( obliging me ( 0 d デ・ わか

But my time hieth 『 ( , 三 King A 「 thu 「 unto That unt 「 =ーー一 ( 一 0 ( ( h00 , ミ the king' Si 「 B 。」 0 「 0 》 ( he 「。ま「 0 ke thou E ー気 = = ) = 「 my ( h 。「 0 ( 。「 0 go thou lightly again and do my 0 。 m ・ mandment; 窃 thou a 「 ( ( 0 me lief and dea 「 . good 0W0 「 d 、 and go with 一 ( unto yonde 「 water- 0P0 「 0 no but th 「 OW 一 ( in. Then Si 「 Bedive 「 e side, and when thou comest the 「 e. 一 cha 「 ge 「 eturned again, and ( 00k the 0W0 「 d in his hand ・ th 「 OW 】 y sword intO that water and come agaln and then him thought sin and shame ( 0 throw and tell me what thou shalt see there. MY Lord' away that noble 0W0 「 d. And 当 ( he hid the said Sir Bedivere, your commandment shalt be swo 「 d, and 「 etu 「 ned again' and told ( 0 the king done, and lightly bring you WO 「 ds again. SO Sir B 。 ( li 「 0 「 0 。「 ( ed, an 』 the way he ま he 三 that he ha 000 鰹 the w 冪 0 「 = 0n0 his commandment. 「 hat saw thou the 「 e ~ said the that noble sword, that the pommel and the haft we 「 0 巴一 0 ( 「「 00 一 0 。 = 0 ,. and then he 三 ( 0 king. he said' 一 saw nothing but the w 窃 wap and the waves wan. ( 「 a 一 ( 0 「 unt 「 ue' said Kin 」 If I throw this rich sword into the himself 】 w 0 「 . ( = 。「。 0 ( = = 0 「 0 「 00m0 00 = ( 「 m A 「 ( = = 「》 now = 餝 ( = 】 0 = 0 ( ra 』 & me ( w 一 00. Who would have weened that' thou that hast been and 一 oss. And then Sir Bedivere hid Excalibur untO me 00 lief and dea 「 ~ and thou a 「 ( named under a ( 「 ee, and SO, as soon as he might he a noble knight, and wouldst bet 「 ay me ま「 the 論 came again unt0 the king' and said he had been 「 ichness 0 一 the 0W0 「 d. But now go again 一ミ h ( 一 形 at the water and had th 「 own the swo 「 d into the ( 0 「 thy long ta 「ご「 ing putteth me in a g 「 eat 」 eo 響 9 文 wa 〔 e 一・ . What saw thou there ~ said the king ・ a 「 dy 象 my life, ま「一 have taken cold. And but Sir, said he, 一 saw nothing but waves and wind.

( 2 ) if thou do now as I bid thee, and if ever I (Sir PhiIip Sidney) の『アーケ 1 ディア』 CAr ・ cadia) 、同人の『詩の弁』 ()n Apologie 「 or Pætrie 15 rnay see thee, 一 shall slay thee with mine own 95 ) 、フーカー (Hwker) の『教会制度』 (The Ecclesi ・ hands 一 for thOt1 wouldst for my rich sword see tstical Polity 1594 ) 等いすれ古典の影響を受けない me dead. Then Sir Bedivere departed and went ( 0 the swor ・ d, and lightly ( 00k 一 ( up, and went ものはない。それらのなかでもっとも有名なものは てき 『ューフューズ』であるが、ラテン要素がいかに文体 ( 0 the water-side; and there he bound the girdle about hilts, and then he threw the sword as far を変化させたかを見るにはフーカーの『教会制度』を into the water as he might; and there came an 適当と思う。文章の句切のあいたがたいそう長くて のぼ arm and a hand above the water, and met 一 ( はなはたしいのは四百五六十字に上るような長句を成 and caught it, and sh00k 一 ( thrice, and bran- している \Vherein I must plainl) 「 confess unto ) 0 that dished, and then vanished away the hand with the sword in the water. before•• : ••But When once, as near as my slender クラシカル・ディクション ability would serve, 一 had with travail and care このように古典語法の化を受けない、単純な ナチュラルスタイル 自然な文体であったのが、十六世紀には文芸復興によ performed that pa 「 ( 。 ( the A を三 advice and ぶんコンストラクンヨンおお って、ラテン語や、ラテン文の構造が大いに持込 councel in such cases, whereby he willeth 6 : ( ご「 all things,' and was come at the 」 ngth so まれることとなった。千五百二十四年に出たモーア (More) の『ュ 1 ト・ヒア』 ( U ( 0 三 a ) 、千五百七十九年 far, that there remained only the other clause to be satisfied, wherein he concludeth. that what に現われたジョン・ライリー (J0hn LYIY) の『ュー good must be held 一 there was 「 poor フュ 1 ズ』 QEuphues) や、サ 1 ・フィリップ・シデウ シンゾル 0

文学評論 wished the same. I st00d up on the 0ther side over us, swung dO 「 n SO 「 ift, and menaced and spread my arms 一 the ship swung down on SO perpetually with her plunging and passaging us, the patroon humoured his boat nearer in than upon the anchor cable. I began ( 0 think I had was perhaps wholly safe, and Catriona leaped made a fOOl'S bargain, that it was merely im ・ intO the a 守 . I was SO happy as tO catch her. possible Catriona should be got on board t0 me, and that I stood to be set ashore at HeIvoet all and the fishers readily supporting us, escaped a fall. She held ( 0 me a moment very tight, breath ・ by myself and with on hope of any reward but ing quick and deep 一 thence (she still clinging the pleasure 0f embracing James More, if I should want tO. But this was tO reckon without ( 0 me with b0th hands) we were passed aft ( 0 our places by the steersman 一 and Captain Sang the lass's courage. She had seen me leap w 三】 and all the crew and passengers cheering and very little appearance (however much reality) crying farewell, the boat was put about for Of hesitaion 一 tO be sure, she was not tO be beat by her discarded friend. Up she stood on the shore. 》 はしけお bulwarks and held by a stay, the wind blowing 短艇へ下りてみると、親船で考えたよりも、こと がよほどむずかしい。船は見上げるほど頭の上にあ in her petticoats, which made the enterprise more いかりづな る。あるかと思うと急に揺り落ちてくる。錨纜で留 dangerous, and gave Of a あふ められながら、横に傾いたり、どっと沈んだり、危 of her stockings than would be thought genteel おびたゞ つま in cities. 、 rhere 「 as no minute lOSt, and scarce ないこと夥しい。自分は詰らぬことをしたと考えだ幻 した。カトリオナはとても下りられやしない。自分 time given fO 月 any ( 0 interfere if they had お

アイデンチチー 二は、自己の同一性を人から認められる切なさのあま in diffe 「 ent pa 「お象 the garden some like hunts- やみ men with French ・ horns, some like peasants, and りに、かろうじて保存せらるる場合が多い。闇のなか なにがし へはいって、何の某という姓名が消えるやいなや道心 a ( 「 00P 0 ( ha 「 lequins and 00a 「 amouch in the little open temple on the mount. On the canal was は失せがちになる。仮面会は世の中を暗くする代りに、 自己の顔を暗くして、これと同様の結果を、煌々たる a 00 「 ( 0 ( gondola' ado 「 ned with flags and 「 eam ・ ラ ) ′プ ers, and filled with music, rowing about. All 燭光の下に収め得たのである。文明の洋燈をそのまゝ アイデンチチー に点けておいて、各自の同一性を消すほうの工夫を凝 round the outside 。 ( the amphitheat 「 e we 「 e きわ らしたすこぶる巧妙を極めた娯楽である。文明の圧迫 sh0PS' filled with D 「 esden china' japan' 。 ( 。 . and all the shopkeepers in mask. The amphithe ・ を受けた一部の自然をことさらに狂いださしむる必要 さしつかえ atre was illuminated 一 and in the middle was a から起った設備と見ても差支ない。ホレース・ウォル ポールがある仮面会の事を叙したなかに下の一節があ ci 「 cular bowe 「》 composed all kinds 0 ( ゴフ in tubs, from twenty ( 0 thirty feet high 】 under the る。仮面会の性質はこの一節でも想像ができる。 orange ・ trees, with small lamps in each orange, ダ「 hen ou entered, you found the whOle and below them all sorts of the finest auriculas garden filled with masks and spread with tentS' in pots 一 and festoons Of natural flowers hanging which remained all night e こ 3 ミミ 0 ト 0. ln one : There were booths for tea fror 当 tree tO tree. quarter was a ン宀 a PO 一 e dressed with garlands' and wine, gaming-tables and dancing, and about and people dancing round 一 ( ( 0 a tabor and pipe and rustic music, all masqued, as we 「 e all tWO thousand pe 「 00n ln 0h0 「 (. 一 ( dleased me the various bands Of 「 n10 anything saw. 》 168

houses ceased tO be the resort 0f the better which should not have been said. Remember, however, that ladies of the present day 「 must class 一 when merchants. lavv') 「 ers, and responsible hear things bawled aloud in the street which persons generally, left 0 frequenting the tavern 】 ough+ not ( ( ) be said in their hearing. 舅「 hat when they began ( 0 spend the evening in their happens 7 They do not hear them 一 they not own hon 】 es and in the society 0 ( their only make as if they do not hear them, but and daughters, ー then language purified itself. the words pass through their brains as a disagree ・ stories and jests previously laughed at became able object passes before their e , making no impossible, the old ribaldry disappeared and found mark and disappearing. 一 say that the shelter in holes and corners, and society, from Of the period was mainly caused by the separation the highest ( 0 tl 】 e 一 ow 窃 (. became distinctly Of the men from the women in their natural cleaner and purer in language. 一 believe, ( 0 を amusements. lt is nothing ( 0 the point that there under the 「 influence Of 「 omen that 一 ( became were assemblies, gardens, and places of meeting 一 cleaner and purer in reality. 「 ( is true that life became also much duller. The life of the bour- the fact remains that the national habits kept the great mass Of the men apart from the women geois suburban resident, the n 】 an whO ( 0 every evemng in ・ taverns, C offee-houses, a dull though innocent, home every evening all 評 and clubs, and that this separation caused a great the year round, is infinitely mo 「 e dull and mo- 学 deal 0 ( the con ゴ on coa 「 seness. This po ( 一 on デ notonous than that Of his great ・ g 「 andfathe 「 , whose proved by one fact. 「 hen the taverns and coffee ・ evenings were spent at the tavern, where every

religion and government, whereof a great many が固定したものに成った傾きはあるかもしれぬが、こ are ho = ow. and dry, and empty, and noisy, and れが彼の特色である、持って生れた性質であるという wooden, and given tO rotation this is the levia ・ ことは明白のように思われる。 『桶物語』は妙な表題であるが、何ゆえこんな名を付 than, from which the terrible wits 望 our age are said ( 0 borrow their weapons. The ship in けたかというと、彼は自序にその由来を弁じている。 danger is easily understood ( 0 be its Old antitype, 日く、近ごろのようにいわゆる才人 (wits) なるもの が続々輩出して、宗教や政治の欠点を捜し回ってむや the commonwealth. But how ( 0 analyse the tub, みに攻撃ばかりしているようでは困る。どうかしてこ was a matter of d 一ョ c 三 when, after long うあっ れを防遏する方法はあるまいかと、その筋ではいろい inquiry and debate, the literal meaning was pre- ろ、い配になっこ。 served 一 and it was decreed, that in order ( 0 pre ・ その先は原文で引用する。 To this end, at a grand committee some days vent these leviathans from tossing and sporting with the commonwealth, which of itself is too ago, this important discovery was made by a certain cur 】 ous and refined ()bserver 【 that seamen apt ( 0 fluctuate, they should be diverted from have a custom, when they meet a whale, ( 0 fling that game by a Tale of a Tub. And, my genius being conceived ( 0 lie not unhappily that way, him out an empty tub by way Of amusement, ( 0 divert him from laying violent hands upon the I had the honour done me ( 0 be engaged in ship. This parable was immediately mythologised 一 the perfomance.' the whale was interpreted ( 0 be Hobbes' Levia ・ than, which tosses and 三 a with all schemes of The ミ h をい P ~ f . このあいだ委員大会の席上で、ある物好きで

scented soaps which were largely patronised by he aired his political views, or tickled the ears fashionable beaux, and with a cake of one of of tl 】 e company with choice samples of his wit these he freely lathered his hands and face. and pleasantry, intermingled with jests from the He next dabbed his face with scented powder newest play or the gist Of the latest scandalous till 一 ( was as white as that of a miller, and story that had been circulated. Then this killing plastered his hair with scented pomatum, and creature,' having first smeared his upper lip having perfumed his pocket ・ handkerchief with with snuff, hailed a chair and was borne along ( 0 the door of the playhouse, where, instead of rose or 」 essamme 「 ater, tied hiS cravat and attending ( 0 the performance (his mind would adjusted his periwig, he finally sat down t0 dine about three, either alone or in company witl 】 have recoiled with horror at the thought !), he his friends. The repast concluded, he buckled on wandered om pillar ( 0 post, now laughing and his sword, brushed his hat with great care, gave chatting with his friends, and then pulling out by turns his watch and pocket ・ handkerchief. ダ「 hen 一 ( the 一 cock,' placed it with much ceremony on his head, and for a brief space surveyed himself the play concluded the beau usually repaired either tO the coffee-house or to the residence of in the mirror. When quite satisfied with his appearance the beau tOOk up his cane, ordered some boon companions, with whom he spent the a sedan-chair, and proceeded in state tO some remainder Of the night, lending a hand at crimp, coffee-house in the neighbourhood of St. Jame's ombre, 一 0 を or whist, over bowls of punch and (generally White's), where 一日 about an hour bottles of claret, until the small hours of the 1 イ 8

うぶん滑隘の趣味がある。それから二人の弟をむたい の象徴主義と一般である。作者自身で呑み込んでいれ あいだ に圧制するところから、弟がはじめの間は抵抗したがば済むことである。 ようす だん / 、むりに服従する容子まで、全体に生気がある。 なお一歩進んで論すれば、単に風喩であるがために あらわ ますその面目が躍然と顕れているにちかい。たとえ風価値を認められるものと、比喩としてはほとんど価値 喩としなくてもこれたけでじゅうぶん面白いのである。を認められないが、文学的に見て単独に価値を有する さてこ、に挙けた二つの反対した例からして、風喩ものとの優劣はどうであろうか。これも実例について の興味は二様だということが解った。一は地の文自身比較してみるのがいちばん早分りである。『桶物語』 が文学的で面白いこと、一は地の文の裏面に潛む本意のなかの三人の兄弟が親から新しい上衣を貰って、は と表面にあらわれた意味とのあいだに並行を見すこ じめて都会へ出てきた時の様子をスウイフトはこんな おもしろみ との面白味である。しかるに後者だけの興味ではいっふ ) に書いている。 こう吾人に満足を与えない。それから受ける興味はす 2 On their first appearance our three adventurers こぶる薄弱なものである。世の中には文章を褒めるに met with a very bad reception 一 and soon with ぐう、 寓意があるとか仮托があるとかいって、それが非常な great sagacity guessing out the reason, they こ、ろえ quickly began t0 improve in the good qualities 文学的の技巧のように心得ている者があるけれども、 まちが of the town 】 they writ, and rallied, and rhy 「 med, それはいうまで、なく間違っている。もちろん寓意と and sung, and said, and said nothing 一 they drank, か仮托とかの性質にも依るのは当然であるが、今述べ 評ている種類の風喩のごときものは、単に風喩である。 and fought, and whored, and slept, and swore, 学比喩的に、寓意と表面の意味とが比例を保 0 て書ぎこ and ( 00k snuff they went ( 0 new plays on the 3 なされてあるというだけである。それだけでは器械的 first night, haunted the chocolate ・ houses. beat the こつけ、 ふたり はやわか