out, figure out, fathom, find the key tO, decipher, clear up, get tO the bottom Of, unravel, disentangle, unfold; inf crack. solvent adj financially sound, debt-free, creditworthy, ⅲ the black. sombre adj 1 dressin somb 祀 clot れ時 dark, dark-coloured, dull, dull-coloured, drab, d ⅲ′ . 2 i れ 0 SO 襯 b mood sombre expres- 0 れ gloomy, depressed, sad, melancholy, dismal, doleful, mournful, joyless, cheer- less, lugubrious, funereal, sepulchral. somebody n herfather's 0 so 川 ebo 0 れ the 比硼れ VIP, person ofnote, notable fig- ure, notable, public figure, dignitary, celebrity, name, luminary, personage, household name; infbigwig, big noise, big shOt, big wheel, big cheese. someday adv theyll get there someday some- time, ・ one day, one Of these days, at some time ⅲ the future, at a future time/date, one Of these fine days, sooner or later, by and by, eventually, ultimately. somehow adv get 市記 somehow by some means, 111 some way, in one way or Other, no matter hOW, come what may, be fair means or foul, by hOOk or by ( rook ⅱ可 come hell or high water. sometime adv we must visit her sometime someday, one day, one Of these days, at some time ⅲ the future, at a future time/ date, by and by. see SOMEDAY. sometimes adV we see her sometimes occa- sionally, on occasion, 0 occasions , Ⅱ 0 、 and then, now and again, 朝 om time tO time, once in a While, SO Often, 0 ・ and on. somno 徹 adj ユ曲れ g som れ印 t sleepy, drowsy, half-asleep, heavy-eyed, do , groggy, comatose; infdopey. 2 0 SO 襯れ明 t dmg soporific, sleep-inducing. song n ユ 0 0 砒 i. 0 g ballad, popular song, pop song, ditty, chorus , shanty, carol, anthem, hymn, psalm, chant, canticle, lay. 2 the song ofthe birds warble, chirp, trill, whistle, pipe. sonorous adj 1 the so れ 0r0 リ 5 tO れお Ofthe minis- ter deep, rich, 血Ⅱ , round, resonant, resounding, booming, ringmg, reverberat- ing, vibrating, pulsating. 2 ロ SO れ 0r0 5 収 可 ro lmpressive, imposing, majestic, 10 , , high-sounding, grandiloquent, declamatory. orotund, euphuistic, fustian. soon adv 1 there soo れ shortly, ⅲ a short time, ⅲ a little while, before long, ⅲ a minute, in a moment, any minute, in the near future, in a twinkling, ⅲ the twin- kling Of an eye; infbefore you know it, before you can say lack Robinson. oronto ⅲ two shakes ofa lamb's tale. 2 How S00 れ れア側 get here? quickly, promptly, speed- ily, punctually, early. soothe v 1 soothe the ba quieten, quiet, calm, calm down, pacifr, settle, settle down, hush, lull, tranquillize, mollifr. 2 soothe the pain ease, assuage, alleviate, allay, moderate, mitigate, temper, palliate, soften, lessen, reduce. soothsayer n seer, augur, prophet, diviner, sibyl ・ sophisticated adj 1 sophisticated city- dwellers worldly-wise, worldly, experienced, seasoned, suave, urbane, cultured, culti- vated, polished, refined, elegant, stylish, cosmopolitan, blasé. 2 5 叩 hi d produc- 寘 0 れ techniques advanced, highly-developed, ultra-modern, complex, complicated, elabo- rate, intricate. sophistication n the 5 叩厩ⅵ ca 加れ ofthe city- dwellers worldliness, , , urbanity, urbaneness , culture, refinement, elegance, POise , finesse, savoirfaire. sophistry n casuistry, quibbling, equivoca- tion, fallaciousness, fallacy. 30P0 ⅱ C adj s 叩 0 c drugs sleep-inducing, somnolent, sedative, tranquillizing, nar- COtiC, opiate, somniferous. 30P0 ⅱ升 C n given a 5 叩 0 c sleeping potion, sleeping pill, sedative, tranquillizer, nar- COtiC, opiate. SOPPY adj 1 soppy lovefilms mawkish, maudlin, sentimental, oversentimental, overemotional, slushy, mushy, sloppy;inf schmaltzy, corny. 2 boys thinking ホ soppy silly, foolish; infdaft, wet, SO 化 3 soppy 0 砒 the boy next door infatuated with, ⅲ love with, enamoured Of, smitten with, keen 0 Ⅱ ; infsweet 0 Ⅱ , wild about, crazy about, stuck on. sorce rer n mag1Clan, wizard, enchanter, 、 varlock, necromancer, magus , thaumatur- gist ・ sorce reSS n maglcian, witch, enchantress , necromancer, thaumaturgist. sorce Ⅳ n black mag1C, magic, witchcraft, witchery, wizardry, necromancy, black art, enchantment, thaumaturgy. sordid adj 1 sordid hovels filthy, dirty, foul, unclean, grimy, sooty, soiled, stained, mucky, squalid, shabby, seedy, seamy, slummy, sleazy. 2 sordid cr ルな vile, 応 ul , base, low, debased, degenerate, dishon- ourable, disreputable, despicable, ignomin- ious, ignoble, abhorrent, abominable. 3 sordid 襯 0 れれ de mean, greedy, avari- cious, covetous, grasping, mercenary, miserlv, nizzardlv, stinxv;i れ f xrubby.

3 n 可 e barrel, cask, pipe. 瞰 t4 v 1 the ram d her with his horns push, thrust, shove, ram, bump, buffet, prod, poke, jab, knock, bunt. 2 his 厄 d nine abut, jOin, meet, con, 」 0 ⅲ . 3 b リ intO ロ : 0 れ ve 0 ⅱ 0 可 b 材ⅲ 0 private 川 0 れ er inter- t•upt, intrude/interfere in, put one's oar lnto; i れ工 StiCk one' S nose intO. uttocks n bottom, posterior, rump ; åindquarters ; inf behind, bum, backside, sit-upon, B 、気 arse; Amer inf butt, ass. on n 1 0 れ S 0 れ the sweater fastener, ;tud, link. 2 the れ 0 れ 0 れ the ra 市 0 disc, 朝 ob , switch. u せ onhO v 厖れ 0 れ ho 厄 the MP accost, way- lay, take aside, importune, detain, grab, catch, talk at. 2S5 n ユ 0 立 0 祀 ss prop, support, abutment, strut, reinforcement, stanchion, pier. 2 buttress tO the family mainstay, upholder, sustainer, cornerstone, pillar. ress V れ ss the 0 れ om, 厖れ r お s ア 0 社 r argume れ tstrengthen, reinforce , prop up, ppo , shore up, underpin, brace, uphold, defend, back up. uxom adj plump, large-bosomed, big- bosomed, full-bosomed, shapely; inf busty. uy v ユわ岬ロれ硼記 purchase, make a pur- chase 0f, pay for, invest ⅲ , procure. 2 he bought his way i れ bribe, suborn, corrupt; inf grease someone's palm, square, fiX, rig. 3 ッ Offthe customers pay 0 圧 drop charges. uy n ロ go buy purchase, acquisition, deal, bargalll. uzz n 1 the buzz ofthe 加 buzzing, hum, hummmg, murmur, drone, Whirr, whirring, his s , s ibilation, whisper; 蹴 bombination, bombilation, susurration, susurrus. 2 the buzz Ofthe telephone/machines nng, ringmg, purr, purring. 3 the buzz is he's gone rumour, gossip, news, chitchat, report, whisper, scandal, hearsay. buzz v ユ bees 2 云れ g hum, murmur, drone, whirr, his s, whisper, sibilate ; bombinate, bombilate, susurrate. 2 telephone/machi れ buzzing nng, reverberate, purr. 3 tO れ g 社お buzzing gossip, chatter, natter, tattle, spread rumours. 4 叩 buzzing 硼 t bus- tle, rush, dash, hurry. 5 the ロ化 was buzzing be active, be busy, be bustling. by prep 1 the house the sch001 next t0, beside, alongside, near, close tO. 2 e れ ter by the side 面 0 月 come the quiet ro ロホ through, along, over, by way Of, via. 3 go the i 旧 - ing past, ⅲ front Of. 4 there midday no later than, at, before. 5 arrested the p 沁 ICO れ地け him by telepho れ e through the agency/meanslinstrumentality Of' under the aegis Of, through. 6 meet 朝 0 れ ce through, because Of, as a result Of. bygone adj past, departed, dead, former, one-time, previous, forgotten, lOSt, 0f01d , Olden, ancient, antiquated, Of yore, ObSO- lete, extinct, out Of date, outmoded, ア僞並 . by-law, bye-law n 1 al regulation, rule, regulation, statute. bypass n 0 のア s round the city ring road, detour, circuitous route, roundabout way, alternative route. bypass v ユ bypass the city make a detour round, go round, pass round. 2 のア s the 市が es get round, circumvent, find a way round, avoid, evade. 3 のア僞 s the 5 お - 襯 0 れ 0 れ d go the 14 れロ ger ignore, pass over, miss out, circumvent, avoid, go over the head Of; inf short-circuit. bystander n onlooker, looker-on, observer, eye 、 witness, spectator, 、ßÆtcher, viewer, beholder, gaper, passer-by; infgaw- per, rubberneck. byword n 10 b»vordfor reliability slogan, catchword, motto, example 0f, personifica- tion 0f, embodiment 0f. 2 0 とホ dying out proverb, maxim, adage, aphorism, apophthegm.

GUIDE TO THE THESAURUS IX Example sentences ( ⅲ italic e ) indicate the particular sense and illustrate the use Of the word. ln some cases, れ &,70 or more examples are gven; these are separated by a vertical bar. For example : asslmilate v 1. si 襯加 od 0 は引襯れ 0 0 e ⅲ加 0 硼ア absorb, take ⅲ , incorporate, digest, ingest. 2. 襯 i ア硼 r way 可ー乖加市 ei adapt, adjust, accustom, acclimatize , become like/similar, blend in, fit, homogenize. NOte that a solidus ( / ) is used tO separate alternative words in order t0 save space. solidus applies only t0 the れ 0 words it separates; thus %ssimilate food/facts' can be read as ・åssimi- late od ' and 'assimilate facts'. Groups Withi れ Senses ln general, the synonyms ⅲ an entry are separated by commas. However, there are cases ⅲ which the words ねⅡ naturally intO tWO or more distinct groups, which are separated by a semi- C010n. are various reasons for subdiV1d1ng a sense in thiS ・ grammatlcal 研″e ′ ences Some Of the words may function ⅲ a different way than others, for example: b ⅱ e 骭 ng... r 部川 being v 印 their と印れ g brief, information, guidance, preparation; instructions , directions … ln this case the words i れ st 冂↓け iO れ s and 市 0 れ s have been grouped separately because they are plural nouns. There are other grammatical reasons why synonyms may be split int0 groups. For example, the headword may function as b0th a transitive and intransitive verb, whereas some Of the synonyms may be intransitive only. ・ 0 ル sy れ 0 yms ln certain entries, lists Of words have been included that are not strict synonyms 0f the headword. For example : car n... motor car, motor, vehicle,... ; limousine, hatchback, estate...

ses 0 れ・ set 569 0 れ n ユ recording s 0 れ period, time, spell, stretch; inf get-together. 2 the ロ弁 れ 00 れ sessions 市 e summit 地慊 S meeting, sit- ting, assembly, conference, discussion. 3 “が at the s 地可 t 5 iO れ schOOl yeam schooi term, term; Amer semester. 50t v ユ set the b00k5 do therel ロ house ⅲ 20 ⅸ厄れ d put, put down, place, lay, lay down, deposit, position, rest, locate, lOdge, situate, station, posit;inf stick, park, plonk. 2 set the ア os ⅱれ the 側れ d lset ajewel the Hng fix, embed, insert, lOdge, mount, arrange, install. 3 れ t0 ア叩 put, apply, lay, place, bring intO contact with' touch. 4 5 就ッ 0 「 mi れ d tO it apply, direct, aim, turn, address, focus , concentrate, zero ⅲ on. 5 set one's watch adjust, regulate, syn- chronize, coordinate, harmonize, ( 0 Ⅲ - mate, callibrate, rectifr, set right. 6 5 the machine tO s 地 fix, make ready, prepare, arrange, organize. 7 set the 地 b lay' make ready, prepare, arrange. 8 set her hair fiX' style, arrange, curl, wave. 9 the sky set 0 d set with sequins decorate, adorn, ornament, deck, bedeck, embellish, fur- bish, bejewel. ユ 0 set 市 i れⅲ m 面 0 可 set れ 0 れ 化 put, cause tO be, start, actuate, insti- gate. 紙 ihejelly/concrete wontset soli 山 , stiffen, thicken, jell, harden, cake, congeal, coagulate, crystallize, gelatinate. ユ 2 the れ れ g go down, sink, dip below the hori- zon, vanish, disappear, subside, decline. 3 setthem れ g set 0 氏 start, begin, motivate, cause. ユ 4 set 0 れ , record set up, establish, fix, create, bring intO being, bring intO existence, institute. 5 set 0 date/ timefor the meeti れ g fix, fix on, settle, agree on, appoint, decide om stip- ulate, determine, designate, select, choose. arrange, schedule, ( on ⅱロ 11.16 set dO 、Ⅷ ル s lay down, impose, establish, define. determine, stipulate, prescribe, ordain allot. ユ 7 set them tasks assign, allocate, allOt, give, gwe out, distribute' dispense• mete out, deal out, dOle out, prescribe. 8 set her 覊ハ北お at れ aught evaluate, valu- ate, valve, assess, pnce, rate, estimate, reckon, calculate. 19 s 加 Ots set towards home direct, steer, orientate, point, incline, bend, train, aim. set about 1 set 0b0 clearing 叩 begin, start, make a start on, commence, set tO, get tO work, get down tO, get going, tackle, undertake addres S oneself tO, attack, enter upon, put the wheels ⅲ motion, set ⅲ motion, set the ball rolling, lead 0 圧 put intO execu- ⅱ 0 珥 put one's shoulder tO the wheel' put one' s hand tO the plough;inf get cracking, get sail intO, wade intO. 2 set aboutthe i れ ttuders with 0 attack, assault, assail, belabour;infsail ⅲ tO. set apart 1 ha ⅵ硼 r setti れ g him 叩 0 れ介 0 襯 the rest differentiate, mark 0 圧 distinguish' sin- gle out, demarcate, characterize. 2 set 0P0 れ somelogsfor れ t lay aside• put aside reserve. set aslde set 滬 e mo れがöodfor 厄 t 鉱 lay aside, lay by, put away' put aside set apart, save, keep keep, put down, store. stockpile hoard' deposit, stow away, salt away• squirrel away; infstash away 2 set 滬 e the れ ew 平 0- ア件 put aside, put tO one move tO one side , cast aside, discard' abandon' dispense with, drop. 3 5 就碼滬 e 0 肝 differencesfor れ ow put aside, forget, disregard, ignore, dis- count, bury, consign tO Ob ⅱⅵ on. 4 set 滬 e thejudge's li れ g overrule, overturn, reverse, ⅡⅡⅢ , render null and void, annul, quash, dismiss, reject, cancel, repudiate, abrogate. set back set と 0 戓 theirprogress hinder, impede, obstruct, hOld up, delay, SIOW down, retard, check, thwart. set down ユ set 面 w 0 list 可 q ⅵ tn な write down, write out, put ⅲ writing, ( 01 ⅡⅡⅱ t tO writ- ing, put down, mark dowm jOt note down, record, register, tabulate, catalO 肥 . 2 set hisincompetence dO “加 inexpetience put down, attribute, ascribe, assign, lay at the door Of, charge. set 杙 h 1 h r the city set out, start out, depart. see V SET 0 町 1.2 setfotth their de 襯ロれホ declare, state, expound, describe, detail, delineate' sub- mit, present, bring forward, advance. set れ t 鉱 has set ⅲ begin, start, commence, arrive, come, come intO being. 0 set Offfor the city set out, start out, set forth, depart. see v 0 町 1.2 set 0 0 と Otn と detonate, explode, blow up, ignite' light. 3 set 0 口盟乃 , ofselli れ & 0 れ the stock market cause, begin, start, commence, initiate. set ⅲ motion, prompt, touch 0 incite, stimu- late, encourage. 4 0 d 化れ g Offthe 可 h enhance, bring out, heightem intensifr, increase, emphasize, ShO 、 0 価 , throw into relief. set on thugs setti れ g 0 れ the 0 旧川れ attack, as sault, strike, beat, beat up, fall upon, pounce on, go for, fly at;inf mug, sail ⅲ tO. set out 1 set outfor the city 囮 set 0 set h , start out, depart, leave, take one's departure, get under way' embark, sally forth; infhit the road. 2 did れ 't set out tO h 社 them intend tO, have the ⅲ - tention Of, aim tO, have the aim Of, mean tO, have ⅲ mind, set one's sights on, aspire tO. 3 set out goods 0 れ 0 co リれ t 鉱 lay out, arrange, dispose, present, exhibit, display, array, expose tO view. 4 set 0 their demands set forth, declare, state, describe, detail, submit, present. see SET V SEI' FO 竄田 2 set up. ユ set 叩 0 砒 in his 川 emo put up, erect, raise, elevate, construct, build, assemble. 732

haste, ⅲ a rush, expeditiously, briskly, promptly, precipitately, hotfoot, at 血Ⅱ tilt; ー可 before one can say Jack Robinson, before the ink is dry 0 Ⅱ the page, like a bat out ofhell, like greased lightning. pport n amnity, bond, empathy, har- mony, sympathy, understanding, close/spe- cial relationship, link 田 adj rapt ⅲ thoughtlrapt 0 な印 tio れ absorbed, engrossed, preoccupied, intent, concentrating, pensive, meditative. 2 rapt the music r 叩い m enraptured, enchanted, entranced, spellbound, bewitched, captivated, fascinated, charmed, thrilled, transported, blissful, ecstatic, ravished. rapt u n joy, ecstasy, elation, exaltation, exhilaration, bliss , euphoria, transport, rhapsody, ravishment, enchantment, delight, delectation, happiness , enthusi- asm; i れ fcloud nine, seventh heaven. rapturous adj jo ) イül , joyous, ecstatic, elated, blissful, euphoric, transported, ⅲ transports, rhapsodic, ravished, enchanted, delighted, happy; infon cloud nine, ⅲ sev- enth heaven. aviS n rarity, rare person/thing, anom- aly, aberration, freak, freak ofnature, won- der, mawel, nonpareil, nonsuch, Of a kind. rare adj 1 ロ rare specimen unusual, uncom- mon, out Of the ordinary, exceptional, atypical, singular, remarkable, phenome- nal, strange, recherché, unique. 2 make 0 rare ロ ra れ infrequent, few and far between, scarce, sparse, sporadic, scat- tered, thin on the ground. 3 exhibit 0 rare skill outstanding, superior, first-rate, spe- cial, choice, excellent, very fine, incompa- rable, unparalleled, peerless , matchless ⅱ可 AI , top-notch. rarely adv she ra 祀 visits on rare occasions , seldom, infrequently, hardly/scarcely ever, hardly, scarcely, almost never, little, once ⅲ a while, only now and then, not often; infonce in a blue moon. rarity n ユ the ranty ofthe specimen rareness, unusualness , uncommonness , singularity, strangeness, uniqueness. see RARE 1.2 the raHty 可 the OC 硼汀 e お infrequency, scarcity, sparseness, sporadicness. see RARE 2.3 the ra 可 h な superiority, excellence, incomparability. see RARE 3.4 that book な 0 rarity rare personlthing, rara ロ s , anomaly, freak, wonder, mawel, one of a kind. see RARA AVIS. rascal n 1 the child's ⅱれ rascal imp, scamp, scallywag, mischief-maker, little 669 PPO rather devil. 2 that m ロれ is ロ rascal scoundrel, villain, rogue, blackguard, ne'er-do-well, good-for-nothing, wastrel, reprobate, cad; i 可 rotter, bounder, creep, rat. rash adj 10 rash ) 硼れ g wom ロれ reckless, impetuous, hasty, rmpulsive, madcap, over- adventurous 、 adventurous, overbold, auda- cious, brash, daredevil, foolhardy, harum-scarum, devil-may-care, headstrong, hot-headed, incautious , careless , heedless , thoughtless, imprudent. 2 ロ rash act reck- less , impetuous , hasty, impulsive, incau- tious , careles s , unthinking, ill-advised, ill-considered, foolish, imprudent, injudi- cious, hare-brained, unwary, unguarded. rash n ユ 0 rash 0 れ h 角化 skin eruption, out- break, breaking out; erythema, hives , heat rash, nettle rash, nappy rash. 2 ロ rash 可 burglaties outbreak, spate, torrent, Ⅱ 00d , wave, plague, epidemic, succession, series, run. rasp n the rasp ofknives ag ⅲれ立 plates grating, grinding, scraping, scratching. rasp v 1 rasp the 覊げåce s 川 00 市 abrade, file, sand, sandpaper, scrape, scratch. 2 ・・ go away," rasped screech, shrill, squawk, croak, stridulate. 3 his h ロⅵ硼 r ツ ra 平引 it rasps my れ e 津 grate (upon), jar (upon), irritate, irk, set one's teeth on edge, れ lb one up the wrong way. ras ping adj rasping れ oise/voice grating, scratchy, jarring, discordant, creaky, harsh, rough, gravelly, croaking, c.roaky, gruff. rate n ユ rate 可 i れ比 r お t percentage, ratiO, proportion, scale, degree, standard. 2 the rate per day pay, payment, fee, remunera- tion, price, COSt, charge, rent, ねⅱ価 ; ⅲ工 damage. 3 walk 砒 0 great/swift rate pace, stride, gait, motion, speed, tempo, velocity, measure. at any rate in any case, anyhow, anyway, nevertheless, at all events, ⅲ any event, Ⅱ 0 matter what happens. rate v 1 how would you rate his örr れ ? adjudge, judge, assess, appraise, evaluate, value, put a value on, measure, weigh up, grade, rank, classify, class, categorize. 2 1 rate him 0 com.刎訛 fO regard as, con- sider, count, deem, reckon, account, esteem. 3 he rates 平 e は be worthy Of, deserve, merit, be entitled tO. 41 dO れ 't really rate him ロ regard as good/talented , think highly Of, hOld ⅲ esteem, esteem, value, admire. rather adv 1 ー would rather れ ot go sooner, preferably, by preference, 斤 om choice, more willingly, more readily. 2 sheis tactless rather than tude more, more truly. 3 ロ rather than 0 と 00k correctlyls trictly speak- ing, tO be exactlprecise. 4 he is rather 硼 t 平 0-

ture. 2 obtained expeHment research, expenmentation, observation, trial and error, tIY-out, analysis , testing. experiment v ex ア 1 れ明 t 0 れ明 ima な lexpeH- ment neu•' tnethods conduct experiments , carry out trialsltests, conduct research; test, investigate, examine, explore, obsewe. experi mental adj e m 印回 basis/stage trial, test, trial and error, expIorat01Y, empirical, investigational, observational, pilOt, tentative, speculative, preliminary, probationary, at the trial stage, under review, under the microscope, the drawing-board. expert n 0 れ expert 0 れ 0 れ ci 印 t Rome lexperts 0 れ g go authority, past master, special- ist, professional, adept, pundit, maestro, virtuoso, 、 &Tizard, connoisseur; cognoscenti•, i 可 01d hand, dab hand, ace, buff, pro. expert adj 明 expert tennis が skil 血 1 , experienced, practised, qualified, k10W1- edgeable, specialist, professional, profi- cient, adept, master, masterly, brilliant, accomplished, able, deft, dexterous, adroit, apt, capable, competent, clever, well- versed, aufait; infwizard, ace, crack, to notch. expertise n skill, skilfulness, mastery, mas- terliness, proficiency, knowledge, com- mand, professionalism, deftness , dexterity, facility, ability, knack, capability, compe- tence, cleverness; i れ工 know - hO 、 . expiate v expiate his 、催 0 れ gdoi れ g atone for, make amends for, make up for, do penance for, pay for, redress , make redres s/reparation for, make recompense r. expiation n atonement, redemption, penance, redress, reparauon, recompense, purgation; amends. expire v 1 yo な「わⅸ has ex yo 肝 0d CO れ tra は ex 化ⅵれ May be no longer valid, run out, finish, end, come tO an end, terminate, conclude, discontinue, stop, cease, lapse. 2 the 0 d. expired mid- night die, pass away/on, decease, depart this life, perish, breathe one's last, meet one's Maker, give up the ghost, go to the great beyond, cross the great divide; inf kick the bucket. 3 expire OW ツ while the X- ray being 地 k 明 breathe out, exhale. expiry n the expity ofthe contract p 0 expiry 可 the ビ finish, end, termination, conclusion, diS continuation, cessation, lapse, expiration, invalidity. 2 the expiry 可 the patient death, pas sing away/on, decease, demise. see EXPIRE 2. explain v 1 ex がれ the oced リ gwe an explanation Of, describe, define, make clear/plain/intelligible, spell out, interpret, unfold, clarifr, throw light on, clear up, decipher, decode, elucidate, expound, explicate, delineate, demonstrate, teach, illustrate, expose, resolve, solve. 2 explai れ their 0 0 れ s give an explanation for, account for, give a reasonljustification for, justify, give an excuselalibilapologia for, defend, vindicate, mitigate. explanation n 1 the e 厄れ atio れ ofthe ro 化 - d リ description, definition, interpretation, clarification, deciphering, decoding, eluci- dation, expounding, explication, demon- stration, illustration, exposure, resolution, solution. 2 ロれ expla れロti0れ可 their mot 加 account, justification, reason, excus e, defence, vindication, mitigation, apologia. expla natory adj by way of explanation, descriptive, illustrative, lnterpretive, demonstrative, illuminative, elucidative, elucidat01Y, explicative, expository, justifi- catory, exegetic. expletive n swear-word, oath, curse, obscenity, epithet, exclamation; ⅲ工 dirty word, four-letter word; Amer infcuss-word. explicable adj explainable, accountable, definable, understandable, interpretable, intelligible, ascertainable, resolvable, S01 Ⅱ - ble, justificat01Y. explicate v 1 e 翫ロ胤昨 0 ワ text explain, explain ⅲ detail, make explicit, clarifr, make plain/clear, spell out, interpret, eluci- date, illuminate, expound, unfold, untan- gle, put intO plain English. 2 explicate 0 れ idea develop, evolve, work out, constlllct, formulate, devise, build, concoct, assemble. explicit adj 1 explicit insttuctions clearly expressed, easily understandable, detailed, clear, crystal clear, direct, plain, obvious, precise, exact, straightforward, definite, distinct, categorical, specific, positive, unequivocal, unambiguous. 2 explicit criti- lexplicitsexual d お iO れ outspoken, unrestrained, unreserved, uninhibited, 0 Ⅱ , candid, frank, forthright, direct, plain-spoken, point-blank, Ⅱ - 仕 ontal , no holds barred. explode v ユ the r ⅸル昨 exploded blow up, detonate, burst, fly apart, fly intO pieces, go 0 圧 erupt;i 可 go bang. 2 explode thefirework detonate, set 0 圧 let 0 圧 fire 0 圧 let fly. 3 explodein ロれ g 昨 glve vent to, blow up, rage, rant and rave, storm, bluster;inf fly 0 価 the handle, hit the roof, blow one's ( 001 / top , blow a fuse, flip one's lid, freak out. 4 explode 0 myth disprove, invalidate, refute, repudiate, discredit, debunk, belie,

dexterity, proficiency, mastery. 2 his ease 可 一 0 れれ er naturalness, casualness, informal- ity, unceremoniousness, lack Of reserve/ constraint, relaxedness, amiability, affabil- ity, unconcern, composure, aplomb, non- chalance, insouciance, urbanity, suaveness. 3 ease ofmind peace, peacefulness, calm- nes S, tranquillity, composure, serenity, repose, restfulness, quiet, contentment, security, ( om . 4 0 life Ofease com危ル contentment, content, enjoyment, afflu- ence, wealth, prosperity, prosperousness, luxury, opulence; bed Of roses. ease v ユ ease the れ mitigate, lessen, reduce, lighten, diminish, moderate, abate, ameliorate, relieve, assuage, allay, S(K)the, soften, palliate, m01 ⅱ , appease. 2 the st 併•m 加朝れ eased lessen, OW less, moder- ate, abate, diminish, quieten, slacken 0 圧 3 ease her mind ( om 危 , give solace tO, solace, console, soothe, calm, quieten, pacifr. 4 ease his omotio れ make easyleas- ier, facilitate, expedite, speed up, assist, help, aid, advance, further, forward, smoothlclear the way for, simplifr. 5 ease 仕 intO 20S on guide, manoeuvre, inch, edge, steer, slide, slip, squeeze. easy adj 1 明 t not diffcult, simple, effortless, uncomplicated, straightforward, undemanding, painless, trouble-free, facile, idiot-proof. 2 明 e ア compliant, exploitable, susceptible, accommodating, obliging, amenable, biddable, docile, gullible, manageable, manoeuvrable, tractable, pliant, yielding, trusting, acqui- escent. 3 0 れ ea 襯 0 れれ natural, casual, informal, unceremomous, unreserved, unconstrained, unforced, easygoing, aml- able, affable, unconcerned, composed, care- free, nonchalant, insouciant, urbane, suave;inflaid-back. 4 側 mind at ease, trouble-free, untroubled, unworried, at peace, calm, tranquil, composed, serene, quiet, contented, secure, relaxed, comfO - able. 5 go 砒田ア 0 偬 even, steady, regu- lar, comfortable, moderate, unexacting, undemanding, leisured, unhurried. easygoing adj even-tempered, placid, happy-go-lucky, serene, relaxed' carefree nonchalant, insouciant, tolerant, unde- manding, amiable, patient, understanding, imperturbable;inf laid-back, together. eat V 1 eat chocolate consume, devour, swal- 10W , chew, munch, gulp down, bOlt, wolf, ingest, tuck ⅲt0靆可 put away, scoff 2 eat out leat in the i れ g have a meal, take food, feed, partake of food; breakfast, lunch, dine, banquet;i 可 snack, graze. 3 eat away material/rock erode, ( 0 Ode , wear, 235 ease ・ ecclesiastl gnaw away, cnrmble, dissolve, waste away rot, decay, destroy. eavesdrop V listen ⅲ , snoop, spy; monit01 tap, wire-tap, overhear; inf bug. ebb v ユ the tide 曲 d go out, flow back, retreat, draw back fall back, fall away, recede, abate, subside, retrocede. 2 its 厄収 ebbed decline, die/fade away, die out, lessen, wane, decrease, diminish, flag, dwindle, peter out, sink, weaken, deterio- rate, decay, degenerate. ebb n ユ the ebb ofthe tide going out, flowing back, retreat, retreating, drawing back, receding, abating, subsiding, retrocession. see EBB v 1.2 the ebb 可 02 0 decline, dyinglfading away, lessening, waning, decrease, flagging, diminution, dwindling petering out, sinking, deterioration, decay degeneration. see EBB V 2. ebony adj black, jet black, pitch black, coal black, black as night/pitchlhell, sable, ebullience n exuberance, effervescence, buoyancy, exhilaration, elation, euphoria, high-spiritedness , jubilation, animation, sparkle, vivacity, enthusiasm, zest, irre- pressibility; high spirits. ebullient adj exuberant, effervescent, buoj ant, exhilarated, elated, euphoric, high- spirited, ⅲ high spirits , jubilant, animatec sparkling, vivacious, enthusiastic, irre- pressible. eccentric adj odd, queer, strange, pecu weird, bizarre, outlandish, freakish, un- common, rrregular, abnormal, aberrant, anomalous, non-conformist, unconven- tional, singular, idiosyncratic, capricious , whimsical, quirky;inf way-out, off-beat, dotty, nutty, screwy. eccentric n oddity, queer fish, freak, char acter, case, crank; infoddball, weirdo, nut nutter, screwball. eccentricity n oddness, queerness, strangeness, weirdness, bizarreness, freak ishness, unconventionality; peculiarity, irregularity, abnormality, anomaly, foible, idiosyncracy, caprice, whimsy, quirk; inf way-outness, off-beatness. see ECCENINC adj ec 可 e as 0 n clergyman, minister, par- son, priest, vicar, chaplain, padre. church- man, churchwoman, man/woman Of the cloth, preacher, reverend, cleric, hO ツ woman, prelate, abbé, divine, theologan. ecclesiastic ad 」 church, churchly, reli- g10us , spiritual, non-secular, non-tempora pastoral, priestly, ministerial, hOly, divine clerical, sacerdotal; inf churchy.

285 ねー adv ユ it's れ ot 「加 h 側ⅵ「 0W0 刃「 tO the night a long way, a great distance, any great distance, a good way, afar. 2 r the 一角 r soon tO a great extentldegree very much, much, much, a great amount, considerably, by a long way, markedly, immeasurably, decidedly, far. by by ねー and away to a great extentl degree, very much, much, by a great amountldeal, by a long way/chalklshot, considerably, immeasurably, decidedly m k ツ , positively, easily, beyond the shadow Of a doubt. ねー a れ w ・ s 田 h 「 0 れ d 如 everywhere, ⅲ 1 places, exten- sively, here, there and everywhere, widely, broadly, worldwide. ね′ 0 瞰 her clothes/ideas 0 out weird, bizarre, outlandish, unorthodox, unconventional, radical, extreme, esoteric;infway out, n ′ . go ねー t ッ側れ g ma れ go 角「 get on, get on ⅲ the world, 反 successful, succeed, make one's way ⅲ the world, make headway/ progress, gain advancement, make a name for oneself, climb the ladder ofsuccess, rise ⅲ the world, set the Thames/worIdl heather 0 Ⅱ爬 , cut a swath;infgo places. ・ 0 ねー the play's OK so 「 up now, until now, up tO this point, tO date. ね′ adj ⅵ t 「 0 化 s far-away, ね r-o dis- tant, remote, out Ofthe way, far-flung, far- removed, outlying, inaccessible, back of beyond, God-forsaken. ね′ 0 ・ n 1 0 ⅲれ g 0 bedroomfarce slap- stick, slapstick comedy, burlesque, satire, parody, travesty, buffoonery, absurdity, ridiculousness. 2 市れ te ハ喊 w e 担 0 e mockery, absurdity, sham, pretence, piece Of 血ⅱⅱ , joke. ね′ CIC adj 10 工 cic si 地 0 ⅱ 0 れ ridiculous, ludicrous, absurd, laughable, risible, pre- posterous, facetious, silly, foolish, nonsen- sical, asinine. 2 afa c comic, slapstick, custard-pie, humorous , amusing. ′ 0 n ユ how m 魃市 the 5 ? ticket price, transport cost, price, cost, charge, fee. 2 戓叩市 e s passenger, traveller, fare payer, ticket payer;infpick-up. 3 the ca れハれ g がれ fOOd, menu, diet, table, nourishment, nutriment; meals, eat- ables, rations, pr0VISions, ( 01 Ⅱ mons , ViCt- uals, viands;infeats, nosh. ね′ e v ユ how did ア側 ? get on, proceed, get along, progress, make out, dO, manage, succeed, prosper. 2 れ d と with him turn out, go, happen, proceed, progress. farewell interj goodbye, so long, cheerio, adieu, ciao, 0 OS , 0 可 W de 曲 ; infsee far ・ fasc a on farewell n 「群怩 0 花 sad goodbye, adieu, leave-taking, parting, send-off, departure, departing, going away. far-fetched adj improbable, unlikely, remote, implausible, incredible, scarcely credible, unbelievable, diffcult to believe, dubious, doubtftl, unconvlncing, strained, laboured, strange, fantastic, fanciful, unre- alistic;infhard tO swallowltake. ね′ m n farmland, land; smallholding, hold- ing, farmstead, steading, homestead, grange, plantation; SCOts ( ro 代 : Amer ranch; A station. farm v 1 , the れ d cultivate, bring under cultivation, ⅱⅡ , work, plough, plant. 2 her h れ d れ s 反 a farmer, practise farm- ing, cultivateltill/work the land, rear live- stock, dO agricultural work. 3 行な her - fo , れ ei 幼肝 ' 5 市 d れ foster, care for, have ⅲ care, mind, babysit. farm 0 ュ . 危れ 0 t his work contract out, subcon- tract, delegate, assign tO Others. 2. 危 m ー out 0 0 れ朝 e rent, rent out, lease, let. 3 , TI out the 曲 have fostered, have cared for, send tO a childminder, put ⅲ care. ねー m ・一 n agriculturalist, agronomist, small- holder, yeoman; Scots crofter; Amer rancher. farmlng n agriculture, agronomy, hus- band1Y, tilling, tillage, cultivation, agribusiness, geopomcs. ね′ 4 ー ted adj 1 れ ot near-sighted, t た sighted long-sighted, hyperopic, hyper- metropic. 2 「ぶ d ⅲ his 朝 0 化 e having foresight, prudent, prescient, discerning, judicious, shrewd, provident, politic, canny, cautious, careful, watchful, wise, sagacrous. ね代 h 部 adj 加と t almost out 可 sight more distant/advanced. 5 FURTHER adj 2. ね′物 e ー adv she stopped 0 れ d w 側滬 come れ 0 た 市 tO a more advanced point. see FURTHER adv 2. farthest adj most distant. 田 1 { E 釭 . fascinate v captivate, enchant, beguile, bewitch, enthral, infatuate, enrapture, entranæ, hOld spellbound, transfix, rivet, mesmerize, hypnotize, allure, lure, tempt, entice, draw, tantalize, charm, attract, intrigue, delight, absorb, engross. fascinating adj captivating, enchanting, beguiling, bewitching, enthralling, ravish- ing, entrancing, compelling, spellbinding, riveting, gripping, alluring, tempting, enticing, irresistible, seductive, charming, attractive, intriguing, delightful, absorbing. ね SC a 0 れ n captivation, enchantment, action. attrac-

569 ing 滬印 t retiring, departing, leaving• withdrawing, ex-, former, past, late. outgolngs npl costs, expenses, expendi- ture, outlay, overheads. 0 瞰 g n trip, excursion, j aunt, expeditiom pleasure trip, tour, mystery toum arring;inf SP1n ・ 0 ね nd h adj strange, unfamiliar, unknown, unheard-of, Odd, unusual, extra- ordinary, peculiar, queer, curious , eccentric, quaint, bizarre, grotesque pre- posterous, fantastic, 硼 , weird;inffreaky• wacky, far-out, off-the-wall. outlaw n fugitive, outcast, exile, pariah, bandit, desperado, brigand, criminal, ro し ber; inf *. 0 瞰 w v ユ outlaw the thiefbanish, exile, cast out, expel, send away, repudiate put a price on someone's head. 2 0 砒厄 w the sale 可 q ban, bar, prohibit, forbid, embargo' make illegal, disallow, proscribe, interdict. 0 瞰ね y n expenditure, expenses, spending• outgoings, money spent, cost, price• charge, payment, disbursement. 0 瞰 t n water 側な way out, exit, vent, vent-hole, outfall, valve, safety-valve, duct' blow-hole, channel, trench, culvert, cut, conduit. 2 0 れ硼 t r her emotion/cyeativity means Of expression, Of release, release mechanism, safety-valve. 3 硼 t r theirfam produce retail outlet, market, market-place, selling-place, shOP' store. 0 瞰 ne n 10 れ側市れ e 可 0 が 0 れ s draft, rough draft, rough, sketch, tracing, skele- ton, framework, layout, diagram, plan, design, schema. 2 give 0 れ側市れ e ofwhat happened thumbnail sketch, rough idea• quick run-down, abbreviated version, sum- synopsis, r S ⅡⅡ 1 き , points, bones, bare bones. 3 draw 0 れ outline 可市 e buildi れ g contour, silhouette, profile• lineaments , delineation, configuration, perimeter, circumference. 0 瞰 ll れ e v ユ側れ e the shape sketch, delin- eate, trace, silhouette. 2 outline ア 0 r 滬 e sketch out, give a thumbnail sketch Of' give a rough idea Of, give a quick run-down on, summanze, precls. ou 00k n 048m 硼日 00k on life view, point ofview, viewpoint, perspective, atti- tude, frame Of mind, standpoint, slant, angle, interpretation, opinion. 2 the hO 記 has 0 e 碼明 t 側 0 view, vista, prospect, panorama, aspect. 0 瞰 g adj outer, outermost, out-of-the- way, remote, distant, far-away, far-flung, outgoings ・ outrageous beaten track, backwoods. see 0 [ OF 1 旧 E WAY 1. outmoded adj old-fashioned, unfashion- able, out Of fashion, out 0f style, outdated, out Of date, dated, p 並 , mod 邑 behind the times, antiquated, archaic, obsolete ; ⅲ工 old-hat. 0 Of date adj ユ 0 砒 - 可 - 面 te clothes out- dated, dated, old-fashioned, out 0f fashion, behind the times, archaic, obsolete. see 供灯 - MODED. 2 the lice れ ceis out 可面 expired, lapsed, elapsed, invalid, void, null and void• 0 瞰 Of the way adj ユ out-of-the-way がお outlying, outer, outermost, remote, dis- tant, far-away, far-flung, peripheral, iso- lated, lonely, inaccessible, obscure, 0 the beaten track, unfrequented, backwoods. 2 ] dO れ ' t れ d his methods out Ofthe way uncom- mon, unusual, Odd, peculiar, abnormal' strange, curious, extraordinary, out Ofthe ordinary, outlandish. 0 瞰 Of WO 水 adj 0 れ硼 t - 研 wo ⅸは 0 月 is 0 砒 可 wo ⅸ unemployed, jobless, out 0f a j0b, redundant, laid 0 圧 idle; inf on the dOle. slgmng on ・ outpouri ng n outflow, effluence, efflux, flux, outflux, debouchment, cascade, del- uge, spate, stream, spurt, jet' torrent. output n production, product, amountl quantity produced, productivity, yield' har- vest, achievement, accomplishment. 0 瞰 ge n 1 outrages ( om 襯れ記り the soldiers atrocity, act Of violence, evil' act Of wicked- ness, crime, hO な or , enormity, brutality, barbarism, inhumane act. 2 the sacking 可 the men was 側比 ag 引 the 厖れ g お側 out- rage offence, affront, insult, abuse indignity, scandal, desecration, violation. 3 硼 outrage ⅲ the citize れ s angem 血Ⅳ , rage, indignation, wrath, annoyance, shock, resentment, horror, amazement. outrage v outrage the community anger, infuriate, enrage, incense, madden, annoy, shock, horrifr, amaze, scandalize, Offend. 2 outrage the churches/women abuse, mal- treat, misuse, desecrate, defile, pro- fane, rape, ravage, ravish, ViOlate. outrageous adj 1 his outrageous ha ⅵ硼 r when d 川れ intolerable, insufferable, insup- portable, unendurable, unbearable, impos- sible, exasperating, offensive, maddening, distressing. 2 CO 川 m れ硼比 ageo な 住は S atrocious, heinous, abominable, wicked, vile, foul, monstrous, horrible, hor rid, dreadful, terrible, horrendous , hideous ghastly, unspeakable, gruesome. 3 0 砒 ra - geo リ 5 pnces immoderate, exorbi-

dab v d ロと 0 れ e ' 5 e 引 dab アれ t 0 れ pat, press, touch, blot, smudge, besmear, bedaub. dab n 1 give 0 れ e's 0 quick dab pat, press, touch, bIOt, smudge. 2 add dab げれ t, / touch, bit, speck, spot, trace, drop, dash, soupqon, tinge, suggestion, hint, modicum. dabble v 面ⅲ politics toy with, dip intO, scratch the surface of, flirt with, tin- ker with, potter about with, trifle with, play with, fiddle with, dally with, have a smattering Of. 2 dabble 0 れ e ' 5 れ ge et ⅲ w 砒昨 dip, splash, paddle, wet, moisten, dampen, sprinkle, spray, spatter, slosh. dabbler n 0 面 b e ⅵれ 0 れ dilettante, ama- teur, non-professional, layman, laywoman, tinkerer, potterer, trifler, dallier. daft adj 10 da. 滬 silly, absurd, stupid, foolish, idiotic, insane, crazy, mad, lunatic, nonsensical, senseless , fatuous, ridiculous, ludicrous, asmine, witless; i 可 dopey, cracked. 2 the d ロ bO. アⅲ the village simple, simple-minded, feeble-minded, slow-witted, dim-witted, dull-witted, touched, deranged, unhinged, demented, out Of one's mind, insane, mad;infnot all there, not quite right, crazy, mental, nuts, nutty, dopey, crackers, cracked, potty, barmy, batty, cuckoo, bonkers, dotty, dippy. 3 she's da. about him besotted by, infatuated with, obsessed by, doting on, enthusiastic about; infcrazylnutslnutty about, pottyldotty about, sweetlgone on. dager n stiletto, dirk, poniard, skean, bayonet, knife, blade, sheath knife, bowie knife. daily adj 1 0 面野れ平叩 0 0 ( ⅲ ng each day, everyday, diurnal, quotidian, cir- cadian. 2 0 daily OC 硼洋印化 everyday, day-to- day, routine, ordinary, C01 れ mon , commonplace, usual, regular, habitual, customary, wonted. daily adv ⅵ 5 れ her da every day, once a day, day after day, day by day, per diem. dainty adj 1 面ⅲ朝 ina 引面ⅲ little ホ petite, neat, delicate, exquisite, refined, tasteful, fine, elegant, graceful, trim, pretty. 2 ロ d れ収 morsel tasty, deli- cious, appetizing, choice, delectable, palat- able, flavoursome, savoury, toothsome, luscious , juicy, succulent. 3 ロ d ⅲれ e 砒 particular, discriminating, fastidious , fussy, choosy, finicky, finical, refined, nice , scrupulous, meticulous, squeamish. dainty n dainties with ロ emoo れ 0 titbit, deli- cacy, sweetmeat, confection, fanqr, bO れれ e と硼朝巳 dais n platform, stage, stand, podium, pul- pit ・ dale n valley, vale, glen, dell, coomb; scots strath. dally v 1 d g 0 れ the way home dawdle, delay, loiter, linger, tarry, waste/kill time, take one's time, while away time;infdilly- dally. 2 面 with his 0 乖 0 国 0 Ⅱ y uhth 0 れ idea trifle, toy, ⅲ , ⅱ nker い可 01. dam n 0 Hver dam barricade, barrier, bar- rage, wall, embankment, obstruction, hin- drance. damage v damage 0 れ内叩 e r 印砒砒 io れ d( damage tO, harm, mjure, hurt, impair, abuse, spoil, mar, deface, defile, vandalize, wreck, destroy, ruin, play havoc with, dev- astate, dO mischief tO, tamper with, muti- late. damage n 1 damage tO 0 れお叩 e y / r リ地 - tion harm, 1 可 u , hurt, impairment, abuse , defilement, defacement, detriment, vandal ・ ism, destruction, ruin, havoc, devastation, mischief, outrage, accident, IOSS, suffering. 2 what's the damage? cost, expense, charge, bill, account, tOtal. damages nplreceive 面川 ages 立 om the CO リ compensation, indemnity, reparation, reimbursement, restitution, satisfaction. dame n peeress, baroness, noblewoman, lady, dowager, aristocrat, 部 0 れ de dame. damn v ユ dam れ ed the ア t curse, doom, execrate, imprecate, excommunicate, anathematize, proscribe, interdict. 2 habit- 0 damning curse, swear, blaspheme, maledict, use bad language. 3 dam れ ed り neighbours condemn, censure, criticize, cas- tigate, denounce, berate, reprimand, reprove, abuse, lnveigh against, excoriate. 4 口がロ y damned the cHtics criticize, attack, flay; inf pan, slam, slate, 10Ck , blast, take tO pieces, take apart. damn n れ Ot worth a 面 m 川れ Ot 田 damn jot, whit, iota, h00t, れ 0 hOOts; inftinker's damn, brass farthing.