肥市れ g c 肥′加 e guide 0 e 300 , 000 ″ e 貰れ e words UsefuI practical c on reasonable SO d serviceable He ゆ′可わ ene 癇 valuable p ′ 0 ″ね加 e advantageous constructive productive supportive reassuring Clear readable e ′ s ね a e comprehensible comprehensive 材 namb 材 0 indispensable 加 CO ove ′ t ル 4 リ es 0 ab ツ an essential new わ 00 ! Ov 300 , 000 synonyms that you can really use Easy-to-use A—Z format CIear sense divisions and useful example phrases tO clarify meanings Commonest synonyms listed first for speed Of reference FuIIIabeIIing ofliterary, technical, informal, and dialect words ldealfor word-games players A handy reference for all kinds Of writing: for study, at home, orin the office B N 0 - 1 9 - 2 8 2 8 4 1 - X Oxford University Press 5.99 RRP 0

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knowingly ・ kudos informed, significant, eloquent, expressive. 2 0 れ 0 加 g li 用 6 日 aware, astute, shrewd, perceptive, sophisticated, worldly, worldly- wise. 3 0 0 れ g infringement 可川 con- SCIOus, intentional, intended, deliberate, wil 血 1 , purposeful, calculated, 0 Ⅱ purpose, by design. knowingly adv would れ ot れ 0 れ g ツ h リ t 襯 consciously, willingly, intentionally, delib- erately, wilfully, pu 甲 ose 血 1 ツ , on purpose, by design, calculatedly. knowledge n ユ溌 taught 叩可 ow edge learning. erudition, scholarship, let- ters , education, enlightenment, wisdom. 2 his knowledge 可 the 覊切 e は understanding, grasp, comprehension, apprehension, cog- nition, adeptness, skill, expertise, profi- ciency, 10W - hOW , VO ⅳれ . 3 his knowledge 可物 e ar acquaintanceship, familiarity, conversance. 4 where dO ア硼 acquire the knowledge? information, facts, intelligence, data, news, reports, rumours. 452 knowledgeable adj ユ ow dg 田と叩 well-informed, informed, educated, leamed, em-idite, s 曲 OIar ツ , well-read, cul- tured, cultivated, enlightened. 2 knowledge- 側 t the wo ⅸⅲ可 t 襯 having a knowledge 0 acquainted with, familiar with, experienced ⅲ , expert ⅲ , conversant with, having an understanding Of. known adj 0 k れ 0 け recognized, acknowledged, admitted, declared, pro- claimed, avowed, confessed, published, revealed. kowtOW v ユ slaves 0 “加“れ g 加 their masters bOW, kneel, genuflect, prostrate oneself, throw oneself at the feet of, humble on selfto. 2 he's wa. w 加れ g manage- ment grovel, fawn, pay ( ou , curry favour, bow and scrape, toady;infsuck up to, lick the boots of. kudOS n prestige, g10 , acclaim, acclama- tion, praise, extolment, approbation, な i し ute, honour.

nippy ・れ 0 れ -comm t ppy adj icy, chilly, bitter, raw, pierclng, stinging ・ nlrvana n enlightenment, oblivion; para- dise, heaven; bliss, joy, peace, serenity, tranquillity. nlt-plcking adj captious , hair-splitting, quibbling, fault-finding, ultra-critical, criti- cal, cavilling, pedantic. nltty-grltty n crux, gist, substance, essence, quintessence; core, heart, centre, kernel, nucleus; essentials, basics, facts;infbrass- ね ( , nuts and bolts. nltwlt n m, ninny, idiot, nincompoop, dOlt, dunce, ignoramus , noodle, donkey;inf d0 , chump, twit, dimwit, wally, nerd, jerk, pillock. れ 0 adv no indeed, absolutely not, under no circumstances , by 0 means , never; i れ工 not on your life, 0 way; Amer infnope, Ⅱ 0 srree. れ Obb v ユれ 0 e 担 influence, bribe, over, secure the support of;infget at. 2 れ 0 励 the racehorse tamper with, interfere with, disable, incapacitate, weaken. 3 れ ob - ble e 行が 5 pr な steal, rob, embezzle;inf pinch, nick, swipe. 4 加励 the thiefgrab, seize, capture : inf nab, collar. noblllty n the 加 li are れ ot always w ァ lords, peers, peers of the realm, aristoc- racy, high society, the élite, the upper class;infnobs. 2 the 加と可ⅲ 5 deed mag- nanimity, generosity, selflessness, honour, integrity, bravery. 3 the 加 li ofthoughts loftiness, grandness. see NOBLE adj 3.4 he admired the 加と可 e れ g impressive- ness , splendour, magnificence, stateliness, grandeur. 5 the れ ob ofthe 記 d excel- lence, prime quality. れ Ob n nobleman, noblewoman, lord, lady, peer, peer Of the realm, aristocrat. れ Ob adj ユ the 加と叩げ市 0 れ d aristo- cratic, patrician, blue-blooded, titled, landed, born with a silver spoon ⅲ one's mouth. 2 加と e ホ noble-minded, mag- nanimous, generous, self-sacrificing, hon- ourable, virtuous, brave. 3 れ ob thoughts lOfty, grand, exalted, elevated. 4 可れ ob 02Pe0r0 れ rmpressive, magnificent, strik- ing, awesome, stately, grand, dignified. 5 ho 可ロれ ob 5 比れ first-rate, prime, choice, prize, quality; inf AI , top-notch. nod v 1 れ od 0 ' s head incline, bob, bow, dip, duck. 2 れ od 0 e れ g signal, gesture, motion, sign, indicate. 3 the リ市印偬 ga れ のれ doze 0 圧 drop 0 圧 fall asleep, nap, slumber. 4 明 Homer 加ホ make a mis- take, err, blunder, slip up. node n protuberance, swelling, lump, growth, excrescence, 10b , 10t , nodule, bump, bulge. れ 0 ・ n sound, loud sound, din, hubbub, clamour, racket, row, uproar, tumult, com- motion, rumpus, pandemonium. noisome adj disgusting, repugnant, revolt- lng, repulsive, obnoxious; offensive, nause- ating; unpleasant, disagreeable, horrible, detestable, loathsome. nolsy adj ユれ朝れ g 側 rowdy, clam- orous, boisterous, obstreperous, turbulent; ー可 rackety. 2 れ 0i musicloud, blaring, blasting, deafening, ear-splitting. nomad n itinerant, traveller, migrant, wan- derer, roamer, rover; transient, vagabond, vagrant, tramp. れ om adj the れ 0 ⅶれⅲ name only, titular, formal; theoretical, self- styled; purported, supposed. 2 0 れ omi れ sum token, symbolic; minimal, trivial, insignificant. れ om ate v ユ they れ 0 襯 i れ 0 比 d 5 ca れ市 - 面 name, propose, put forward, submit, present, recommend;inf put up. 2 nomi- れ 0 d hiS successor name, designate, appoint, assign, select, choose. れ 0 ル a gne ad 」 neutral, uncommitted, impartial, uninvolved, unallied. れ 0 ル e 0 ′ n atheist, agnostic, sceptic, doubter, doubting Thomas, unbeliever, dis- believer, cynic, infidel, pagan, heathen. れ 0 れ ce n ′ the nonc ・ for the present, for the moment, for the present moment, for the time being, for now, forjust now. nonchalance n composure, self-possession, sang-froid, equanimity, imperturbability, calm, coolness, unconcern, indifference, dispassionatenes s, detachment, detached- ness, apathy, casualness, carefreeness, msouciance, carelessness ; i れ工 C001. れ 0 れ ch 可 a れ t adj composed, self-possessed, imperturbable, unexcitable, calm, C81 , co ト lected, COOI calm and collected, ( 001 as a CUCUmber, unconcerned, indifferent, unemotional, blasé, dispassionate, detached, apathetic, casual, offhand, care- free, insouciant, easygoing, careless : 工 laid-back. non-combatant adj non-combative, non- fighting, non-belligerent, pacifist, cMIian, neutral, non-aligned, non-participating. れ 0 れ omm ー可 adj cautious, guarded, cir- cumspect, wary, careful, discreet, politic, tactful, diplomatic, prudent, playing one's cards close to one's chest, giving nothing away, sittmg on the fence, unrevealing

fixedness, determinaüon, perseverance, tenacity, application, doggedness. 3 CO ル 立 0 れワ m ra 祀 uniformity, evenness, regularity, stability, steadiness, invariable- ness, unchangingness, lmmutability. constant adj 0 co れ s 地れ t 平 d 畑襯 ra - 地 uniform, even, regular, stable, steady, fixed, invariable, unvarying, unchanging, immutable. 2 0 ( 0 れ 5 地れ t 化 0 襯可叩 con- tinuous, unbroken, uninterrupted. 3 CO れ - stant 0 れ e ⅱれ g continual, never-ending, endless, unending, non-stop, incessant, unceasing, ceaseless, pervetual, persistent, interminable, unremittmg, sustained, relentless, unrelenting. 4 0 CO れ s 地れロ faithful, devoted, 10Ya1 , staunch, depend- able, true, trustworthy, trusty. 5 C02 地れ t in his putpose firm, steadfast, steady, resolute, determined, >ersevering, tenacious, dogged, unwavering, unflagging, unshaken. 00 れ sta 飛ツ adv always, all the time, contin- ually, continuously, endlessly, non-stop, incessantly, ceaselessly, perpetually, persis- tently, interminably, relentlessly. 00 れ sterna on n surprise, amazement, astonishment, dismay, bewilderment, per- turbation, mystification, confusion, anxi- ety, distress, alarm, panic, fear, fright, dread, hO な or , trepidation, shock, terror, a 、 'Ve. constituent adj co れⅵ加 t 2 ホ compo- nent, integral, elemental, basic, essential. CO れ ue n ユ 0 れ y 記 the co れⅵ印な com- ponent, component part, part, ingredient, element, integral part, unit, piece, frag- ment. 2 地 g tO his CO れ 5 明お voter, elec- tor. constitute v ユ the countties 市 at co れ加 the rop 田れ Union form, make up, compose, comprise. 2 0 suggestion constituting 0 wam- ing be tantamont tO, be the equivalent Of, be, be regarded as, act as. 3 CO れ s 比 0 com- mittee appoint, inaugurate, formally estab- lish, authorize, commission, charter, induct, invest, empower, ordain. 4 consti- 0 new 5 ー establish, found, set up, institute, create. 00 れ st 代瞰れ n ユ the British CO れⅵ加 tiO れ lthe sodety's ( on 加目 0 れ bOdy Oflaw, system Of lawslrules, ccde, charter, canon; laws, rules, fundamental principles. 2 the CO れ s ル 0 れ Ofthe committees vaHes composition, make-up, structure, organization. 3 the CO れ - stitution 0 new schOOI establishment, founding, foundation, setting up, institu- tion, creation. 4 e 叩 having ロ 5 比 0 れ g CO れ s ル 加 0 れ state ofhealth, health, physique, 139 constant 。 construct101 ple 可ロれ e 硼 s ( 0 れⅵ寘 0 れ mental make-up, disposition, temperament, temper, nature, character, mood. CO れ st 代 n adj 10 co れ加 t na od ァ constituted, legal, law 血 1 , legitimate, authorized, statut01Y, chartered, vested. 2 0 co れ加 0 れ w にれ ess inherent, inbred, intrinsic, congenital, organic, inborn, lnnate. CO れ st 代瞰れ n go for ロ co れ t リ tio れ walk stroll, saunter, tum, airing. constrain v el constrai れ ed to ( 0 叩 era 比 force, compel, coerce, drive, impel, oblige, press, pressure, pressurize, urge, railroad, hustle. 2 記 ch co れ strained 厄可 resources hOld back, restrict, hinder, impede, hamper, limit, curb, check. restrain. 3 comstrain po c 叩 20 れ restrain, restrict, curb, confine, chain, shu ⅲ , lOCk up, 1 Ⅱⅱ SO , incarcerate. constrained adj 0 co れ 5 比ⅲれ ed 襯 0 れれ鉱 forced, uneasy, unnatural, inhibited, reserved, reticent, guarded. cons セ n 10 はれ d ( 0 れ立 ra t force, compulsion, coercion, obligation, pressure impulsion. 2 れ 0 constraints 0 れ their 0 は一ⅵ es restriction, hindrance, impediment, ham- pering, limitation, curb, check, restraint, damper. 3 切 e はア叩 po れな加 co れ - r れ t restramt, restriction, confinement, lmpnsonment, incarceration. see CONSIRAIN 3.4 CO な r ⅲれ t 可 ma れれ forcedness, uneasi ・ ness, unnaturalness, inhibition, resewed- ness, reticence, guardedness, repression. constrict v 1 constricted 00d vessels n make smaller, tighten, compress, contract squeeze, strangle, strangulate. 2 CO れは the OW 可 trafic impede, obstruct, hinder, hamper, limit, restrict, check, curb, inhibil construct v ユ CO れ立川は 0 housing e 立 0 ICO れ - 立け 0 btidge build, erect, put up, set up, raise, elevate, establish, assemble, manu- facture, fabricate, make. 2 CO れ st 川はロ p 可 eo ワ form, formulate, put together, cre- ate, devise, design, invent, fash- ion, mould, model, shape, frame, forge, engmeer, fabricate, manufacture. const 紲 C 0 れ n ユ bridge リれ d CO れ struction building, erection, elevation, establish- ment, assembly, manufacture, fabrication. see CONSIRUCT 1.2 0 れ impressive CO れ st 川 0 れ structure, building, edifice, assembly, framework. 3 the ( 0 t 川 0 れ可 0 5 印 t 明化 composition, formation, structure. 4 put 0 d 昨印 t CO れ st 0 れ 0 れ her words interpreta- tion, reading, meaning, explanation, infer ・

ment, bulletin, publication, proclamation. 7 the 0 ⅲ立 ' 5 立 release record, disc, album, book, 届 m. 徹 v ユ the tyrant relented and released the ' S 襯 Oth soften, become mercifull lenient, show mercylpity, give quarter, melt, capitulate, yield, give way, give ⅲ , unbend, come round, forbear, change one's mind; infdo a U-turn. 2 the 20 化加 d relented let up, ease, slacken, relax, abate, drop, fall 0 die down, weaken. 「 e 徹 ss adj ユ 0 「 el 印り 70 れ t unrelent- ing, ruthless, merciless, uncompassionate, pitiless, remorseless, unforgiving, implaca- ble, inexorable, cruel, grim, harsh, hard, cold-hearted, fierce, strict, obdurate, unyielding, unflexible, unbending. 2 0 relentless urge/ambition unrelenting, unremitting, undeviating, persistent, unswerving, persevering, unflagging, pun- ishing, unfaltering, unstoppable, incessant, unceasmg, non-stop, unabated, unbroken ー可 e a 徹 adj applicable, pertinent, apposite, material, appurtenant, tO the pointlpur- pose, germane, admissible, appropriate, apt, fitting. ab adj 10 reliablefiend dependable, trustworthy, trusty, true, tried and truel tested, faithftll, devoted, steady, steadfast, constant, unfailing, infallible, certain, sure, responsible. 2 「 el 地と evidence dependable, trustworthy, well-founded, well-grounded, authentic, genume, credible, sound. 3 0 i れ dependable, trustworthy, rep- Ⅱね b 厄 , established, safe, stable. reliance n ユ回 0 化加加 e 0 れ what 5 confidence, trust, faith, belief, conviction. 2 his 加回れ ce on れ co ag s depen- dence, leaning. reiic n ユ河 0 れⅵ , ⅲ the museum ancientl stO ⅱ ( object, artefact, antique, heir- 100m. 2 0 tr 襯 0 れ物 at 0 化可 0 れ 0 age vestige, trace, survivor, remnant. 3 regard the れ & 0 c 可 0 工併 TL 「 el 砒 iO れ - Ship souvemr, memento, keepsake, remem- brance, reminder. ー e 05 npl lookingfor 尺 0E0 れ li 岱 remains, reliquiae, fragments, sh . 2 exhume the corpse, dead body; remains. relief n ユ the i げ可 t 朝れ relieving, alle- viating, mitigating, assuaging, allaying, soothing, easing, dulling, lessening, reduc- ⅱ 0 Ⅱ . 5 記 L 下 1.2 the medicine brought li イ alleviation, mitigation, assuagement, palli- ation, ease, appeasement, abatement. 3 the reliefofthe s 地れ加 g 0 が e, / ci aiding, assist- ing, rescuing, saving. 5 LI 2.4 bring reliefto the s 地れ加 g 叩厄 aid, help, assis- tance, succour. 5 わⅱれ g i げ介 om the 襯 0 れ ot - 685 ・ reluctant relent 0 れ y respite, remission, interruption, break, variation, diversion, lightening, brighten- ing; inflet-up. 6 the 50 ie 内 / d0 は 0 relief replacement, substitute, stand-in, ⅱⅡ - ⅲ , locum, understudy. 7 details b ⅱれ g the 5 のワ硼ⅱれ sharp relief contrast, distinctness , vividness, intensity. 8 reli げ食 0 襯 his burde れ freedom, release, liberation, deliverance, exemption, extrication, discharge. see RELIEVE 5. relieve v ユ reliwe his pain/distress alleviate, mitigate, assuage, allay, soothe, soften, pal- liate, appease, ease, dull, abate, reduce, lessen, diminish. 2 relieve the s れ加 g 叩 / city bring aid tO, aid, help, assist, rescue, save, succour. 3 曲 e the 襯 0 れ 0t0 れツ bring respite tO, interrupt, break up, vary, lighten, brighten. 4 relieve the so 旧 i 明 guard take over 丘 om , take the place Of, stand ⅲ for, substitute 危 r. 5 relieve 市 e 襯可 their burdens free, release, liberate, deliver, exempt, extricate, discharge, unburden, disburden, disencumber, disembarrass. ous adj ユ reli 0 ⅳ 0 Ⅳ dis 硼 ssio れ 5 church, hOIy, divine, theological, doctrinal, spiritual, sectarian. 2 「 el 硼 s 0 が e churchgoing, G0d-fearing, godly, pious , devout. 3 2 0 0 e 0 れ tO detail scrupulous, consclentious, meticulous , zealous , strict, rigid, rigorous , exact, unfailing, unswerving, undeviating. rellnquish v ユ relinquish her right to the 蹴 up, renounce, resign, abdicate, surren- der, sign away. 2 relinquish his pos 0 れ depart 丘 om , leave, quit, vacate, pull out Of, abandon, forsake. 3 reli れ quish the habit give up, discontinue, stop, cease, drop, abstain om , forbear 仕 om , forgo, desist 仕 om. 4 reli れ quish hergHp release, let go, loosen, Ⅱ nloose. ー可 h n t, 加ア with h enjoyment, delight, pleasure, satisfaction, gratification, appreciation, liking, zest, 部 t0. 2f00d uhth h flavour, taste, tang, piquancy, spici- ness. 3 serve relishes with the meat condi- ment, sauce, chutney, pickle. ー可 h v 1 the れ dr 花 h ロ visit to the sea enjoy, delight ⅲ , like, love, adore, appreci- ate, revel ⅲ , luxuriate ⅲ . 2 市 d0 れ 't relish 0 ⅵ 5 れ介 om the 面は催 IOOk forward tO, fancy, savour. reluctance n unwillingness , disinclination, hesitance, hesita110', lack Of enthusiasm, loathness, aversion, disrelish, distaste. ー可 u a 飛 adj 10 河材は 0 れ t bride unwilling, disinclined, hesitant, unenthusiastic, grudging. 2 「 el 魃は 0 れ t tO go unwilling, disin- clined, 10a 市 , averse, slow, chary.

GUIDE TO THE THESAURUS IX Example sentences ( ⅲ italic e ) indicate the particular sense and illustrate the use Of the word. ln some cases, れ &,70 or more examples are gven; these are separated by a vertical bar. For example : asslmilate v 1. si 襯加 od 0 は引襯れ 0 0 e ⅲ加 0 硼ア absorb, take ⅲ , incorporate, digest, ingest. 2. 襯 i ア硼 r way 可ー乖加市 ei adapt, adjust, accustom, acclimatize , become like/similar, blend in, fit, homogenize. NOte that a solidus ( / ) is used tO separate alternative words in order t0 save space. solidus applies only t0 the れ 0 words it separates; thus %ssimilate food/facts' can be read as ・åssimi- late od ' and 'assimilate facts'. Groups Withi れ Senses ln general, the synonyms ⅲ an entry are separated by commas. However, there are cases ⅲ which the words ねⅡ naturally intO tWO or more distinct groups, which are separated by a semi- C010n. are various reasons for subdiV1d1ng a sense in thiS ・ grammatlcal 研″e ′ ences Some Of the words may function ⅲ a different way than others, for example: b ⅱ e 骭 ng... r 部川 being v 印 their と印れ g brief, information, guidance, preparation; instructions , directions … ln this case the words i れ st 冂↓け iO れ s and 市 0 れ s have been grouped separately because they are plural nouns. There are other grammatical reasons why synonyms may be split int0 groups. For example, the headword may function as b0th a transitive and intransitive verb, whereas some Of the synonyms may be intransitive only. ・ 0 ル sy れ 0 yms ln certain entries, lists Of words have been included that are not strict synonyms 0f the headword. For example : car n... motor car, motor, vehicle,... ; limousine, hatchback, estate...

disloyal, traitorous, perfidious, two-faced, double-dealing, untrustworthy, untllle, deceitful, deceiving, deceptive, dishon- ourable, dishonest, duplicitous, hypocriti- cal, unreliable, unsound, untruthful lying, mendacious. 3 e 加田ホ fake, artifi- cial, imitation, synthetic, simulated, sham, mock, bogus, ersatz, spurious, counterfeit, feigned, forged, make-believe, pseudo; inf phoney. ね ehOOd n 1 回 li れ g hoo ホ lie, fib, untruth, false statement, falsification, per- jury. fabrication, invention, piece offiction, fiction, StOIY, faiIY stoMtale, exaggeration; infterminological inexactitude. 2 g 社れ ls 曲 00d deceit, deception, deceitfulness, two-facedness, double-dealing, dissimula- tion, prevancation, equivocation, mendac- ity, untruthfulness, ガ u , perfidy, treacheO ′ , treason, casuistIY. falsetto n high voice, high-pitched tone, squeak, squeal. ねー v ユ竰 0 面 cu 襯創 t alter, counter- feit, forge, fake, doctor, tamper ⅶ山 , dis- tO , adulterate, Ⅳ e . 2 屋 their statement disprove, shOW tO 反 false, prove unsound, refute, confute, rebut, contradict, oppose; misrepresent, garble, misstate, 1第 . isquote. ね e ー v ユとげ 0 市れ g hesitate, waver, oscillate, fluctuate, delay, vacillate, be undecided, blow h0t and cold, shilly- shally, hum and haw, drag one's feet, sit on the fence. 2 r over her words stam- mer, stutter, stumble, speak haltingly. fame n renown, celebrity, eminence, nota- bility, note, distinction, mark, prominence, esteem, lmportance, greatness, account, pre-eminence, g10 , honour, illustrious- ness , stardom, reputation, repute; Ⅱ 0t0 ⅱ - ety, infamy. famlllar adj 太「エ 0 化 / 地 / ex 硼 se well- known, known, recognized, customary, accustomed, common, everyday, ordinary, commonplace, frequent, habitual, usual, repeated, routine, stock, mundane, run-Of- the-mill, conventional, household, domes- tic;infcommon or garden. 2 0 m Ⅲ atmosphere informal, casual, relaxed, com- fortable, easy, free, free-and-easy, at ease, at home, friendly, unceremonious, unre- strained, unconstrained, unreserved, open, natural, simple. 3 愈 m 朝れ地加 es close, intimate, dear, near, confidential, bosom, friendly, neighbourly, sociable, amicable, hail Ⅱ ow well met;inf pally, chummy, buddy-buddy, thick, thick as thieves. 4 0 切 e は加 him beingfamiliar with the staffover-familiar, over-free, presumptu- ous, disrespectful, forward, 旧 , impu- dent. impertinent, intrusive; inf pushy. ね m 川砒 wlth m Ⅲ with the m acquainted with, conversant with, versed ⅲ , well up ⅲ , with knowledge 0f, knowl- edgeable about, instructed ⅲ , 硼仕 with, at home with, no stranger tO, 0 courant with. famlllarlty n ユ柄愈 mili with tech- nique acquaintance with, acquaintanceship ⅶ市 , knowledge of, grasp of, mastery of. understanding Of, comprehension Of, ex ・ perience Of, skill with. 2 市 e 0 げ e 砒 mo 平 h e informality, casualness, ease, comfortableness, friendliness, lack ofcere- monylrestraintlreselve, naturalness, Sim- plicity. see FAMILIAR 2.3 the 襯 0 oftheir 「 ela 0 れ sh ゆ closeness, intlmacy, nearness , friendliness;infchumminess. ど FAMILIAR 3. 4 0 切加 s m 0 overfamiliarity, pre- sumption, presumptiousness, disrespect forwardness, boldness, impudence, imper- tinence, intrusiveness; liberties. famlllarlze v 1 瓰胆 ls 市 5 m make familiar with, make conver- sant with, acquaint with, accustom tO, habituate tO, inst111Ct ⅲ , coach ⅲ , train ⅲ , teach ⅲ , S ( h001 ⅲ , pnme ⅲ , indoctrinate ⅲ , initiate ⅲ tO. 2 れ 0 「 0k5 なル roadcaste m 0 幻れ g exotic 0 れな make 10wn , bring tO notice, bring tO public attention, make familiar. famlly n ユ hvo 癇 i ⅵれ g 加 ge parentl parents and child/children, household, ménage, clan, tribe; nuclear family, extended family. 2 she wa れな 0 ⅶツ chil- dren, offspring, little ones, progeny, descendants, issue, scions; brood; infkids. 3 the old ma れれ加 mi ツ relatives, rela- tions , people, next 0f kin, kinsfolk, kinsmen, one's own flesh and b100d , ⅸ . 4 可 0 加 e 角襯町 ancestry, extraction, parentage, birth, pedigree, genealogy, background, family tree, descent, lineage, line, bloodline. blood, race. strain, stock, breed, stirps ; dynasty, house; forebears , forefathers , antecedents, roots. 5 0 m 可 0 れな class genus, species, kind, type, class, group, taxonomic 部 0 Ⅱ p. m ・ n ユ m いれ g the village scarcity of food, food shortage. 2 wa 比 r 襯ⅲ e scarcity, lack, dearth, want, deficiengr, shortage, insuffciency, paucity, exiguity, drought. 3 dyi れ g offamine stawation, hunger, food-deprivation, lack Of fOOd, anorexia, inanition. famlshed adj starving, starving to death, stawed, ravenous, hungry, undernour- ished.

0 れ e ofthefamily 、 el ( 0 Ⅱ , receive, receive favourably, embrace, Offer friendship tO, integrate. 6 accept 市れⅵ地 0 れ say yes tO, reply ⅲ the affrmative, comply with. acceptable adj ユ 0 れ ( 印 t 劔 t wel- come, agreeable, delightful, pleasing, desir- able, satismng, gratifring. 2 0 sta れ dard work れ Ot c 印地 b satisfactory, good enough, adequate, passable, admissible, tolerable. 3 0 れ c 印地 b tisk allowable, t01- erable, admissible, bearable, supportable. acceptance n ユ the c 印地れ化 0 れ award receipt, receiving, ねⅡ g , obtaining, acquiring. see ACCEvr 1.2 the c 甲地れ化可 0 decision accedence, accession, acquiescence, endorsement, recognition, acknowledge- ment, adoption, admission. 5 記 ACCEVT 2. 3 the c 印地れ化可平 0 れ li undertaking, assumption, tackling, adoption. 5 ACCE 円、 3.4 the ac ( 印地れ化 oftheir 寸 0 ワ cc 印地れ化 what they 滬 beliefin, trust ⅲ , ね i 山ⅲ , credibility, reliance 0 Ⅱ . see AC.CEYT 4.5 c 印 - 地れ化碼 0 れ e ofthefamily welcome, welcom- ing, favourable reception, embracing, integration, approval, adoption. see ACCEvr 5.6 c 地れ化 s 加 0 れⅵ地ⅱ 0 れ yes, afflrma- tive reply, affrmation, confirmation, ratifi- cation. accepted adj ユ ( 甲 d 叩 i ⅲ佩 approved, recognized, sanctioned, autho- rized, received, allowable, acceptable. 2 the accepted ma れれ er 可 ha ⅵれ g usual, custom- ary, normal, expected, standard, conven- ⅱ 0 Ⅱ al , recognized, acknowledged, established, traditional, confirmed. access n ユ 0 building with 0 化 5 引 access 加 the れ市れ g ent1Y, entrance, way ⅲ , means Of entry/entrance; admittance, admission; approachability, accessibility; approach, means 0f approach; gateway, driveway, road, path, avenue, passage. 2 化 ss the priso れ /ptisonerlaccess 記虻 ⅲ工 brt れ iO れ admission, admittance, entrée, right Of ent1Y, permissionlopportunity tO enter/reach/use; accessibility, attainability. 3 側偬 ss 可 0 れ g 件 fit, outburst, attack, paroxysm, onset. access v access the 面地 / ⅲ工ömatio れ gain access tO, retrieve, galll, acqurre. accessibllity n the “化 b Ⅲ収可 s 側お可 明 te れ ment attainability, reachability, availability, approachability, achievability. see ACCESSIBLE 1.2 化 ssi 可市 e manager 加 the staffapproachability, availability, informality, friendliness, agreeableness, congeniality, affability, cordiality. see ACCES- s 旧 2.3 ss 化ⅲ工併浦砒 ion compre- hensibility, intelligibility, penetrability. see ACCESSIBLE 3. a00e9 b n 1 明化ル source 可明 t - tainment attainable, reachable, available, approachable, obtainable, achievable; inf get-at-able. 2 c s 化加 the staffapproach- able by, available, easygoing, informal, friendly, pleasant, agreeable, obliging, con- genial, affable, cordial. 3 郎化 ss 市ⅲ工の 0- ⅱ側 understandable, comprehensible, intelligible, penetrable, fathomable, grasp- able. accession n 1 化 ssio れ to the throne/title suc- cession, illherltance. see ACCEDE 2. 2 accession 加 the q t, agreement, consent, acceptance, acquiescence. see ACCEDE 1.3 0 recent acc お佩加 the 襯 s 襯 ( 0 〃 e は iO れ addi- tion, increase, augmentation, increment, gain, enlargement, expansion, extension. accessory n 1 his 化 sso お the raid accomplice, associate, confederate, abettor, helper, assistant, partner. 2 bicycle 0 お - SO attachment, fitment, extra, addition, adjunct, appendage, supplement. 3 c - SO ⅱ tna 比ⅲれ g her 側 t adornment, finery, trimming, ornament, ornamentation, embellishment, trappings, fashion detail, frill; handbag, shoes, gloves, hat, belt, rib- n. accessory adj 明 sso ワ 0 れが 0 は or addi- tional, extra, supplementary, contribut01Y, subsidiary, ancilliary, auxiliary, secondary, assisting. accident n 1 側 accident 砒 work 国れ indus- accident mishap, casualty, misfortune, misadventure, i 可Ⅱ disaster, tragedy, blow, catastrophe, calamity. 2 the 20h 化 were 田 d tO 0 れ ci な t crash, collision; inf smash, smash-up, pile-up. 3 met accident chance, mere chance, fate, twist Of fate, fortune, good fortune, luck, good luck, for- tuity, hazard;inf fluke. accidental adj cid 印地ー death れ acciden- 回 meeting chance, occurring by chancel accident, unintentional, unintended, inad- vertent, unexpected, unforeseen, unlooked- for, fortuitous, unanticipated, unplanned, uncalculated, unpremeditated, unwitting, adventitious. 2 0 れ accidental consideratio れ non-essential, inessential, incidental, extra- neous, extrinsic, supplementary, sub- sidiary, subordinate, secondary, accessory, irrelevant. accidentally adv killed/met accidentally by accident, by chance, unintentionally, inad- vertently, without design, unexpectedly, adventitiously, unwittingly; infby a fluke. see ACCIDENTAL 1. acclaim v 1 acclaim his ⅵけ 0 applaud, cheer, celebrate, salute, welcome, approve, honour, pralse, commend' hail, extOl' laud,

707 assemble, collect, group, muster, marshal, rally ・ roundabout adj 10 rou れ dabout 加 indi- rect, circuitous , meandering, winding, tor- 加 ous. 2 0 roundabout way 可れ g れ indirect, circuitous, discursive, oblique, crr- cumlocuto , periphrastic. rouse v ユ rouse the sleeping 朝れ d 「明 wake, wake up, call, get up. 2 he れホ it 町軈硼比 tO rouse wake up, awaken, get up, get out Of bed, rise. 3 r 硼 the げ OW ホ tO 0 は側記 m 加 patticipate stir up, bestir, excite, incite, egg on, induce, impel, inflame, agl- tate, whip up, galvanize, stimulate. 4 the teacher was ツ roused anger, annoy, ⅲ血 - riate, incense, exasperate, 、 ork up. 5 rouse 曲れ可 stir up, kindle, touch 0 圧 provoke, induce, evoke, call up, conjure up ・ rousing adj 1 ロ rousi れ g speech insplring, stimulating, exciting, stirring, inflamma t01Y, moving, exhilarating, inspiriting, encouragmg, vigorous, energetic, lively, spirited, enthusiastic, fervent. 2 市 e 加 - ing cheers hearty, vlgorous, loud, strong, great, tremendous. 瞰 n ユ troops ? 砒 to rout disorderly retreat, retreat, flight, headlong flight. 2 砌鉱 0 加砒 the れホ可 t e れ em. ア / 叩 20 な明 ts crush- ing defeat, defeat, drubbing, trouncmg, conquest, subjugation, overthrow, beating, thrashing; inf licking, pasting. v ユ they routed the enemy 比 0 叩 s 0 れ d chased them put tO routlflight, drive 0 圧 dis- pel, scatter. 2 they easily routed their enemy/ 叩 po れ e れ ts defeat, drub, trounce, worst, con- quer, subjugate, overthrow, crush, beat, thrash;inflick, give a pasting t0. e n course, way, itinerary, road, path. routine n 1 h お upset his routine pat- tern, procedure, practice, custom, habit, wont, programme, schedule, formula, method, system, order, way. 2 have d the comic's routine before act, performance, piece, 1 ⅲ e 靆可 spiel. routine adj c の out 加砒 i れ e procedure usual, normal, everyday, workaday, com- mon, ordinary, typical, customary, habitu- al, wonted, scheduled, conventional, standard. 2 he れホ the work t00 routi れ e bor- ing, tedious, tiresome, monotonous, hum- drum, run-of-the-mill, hackneyed, predictable, unexciting, umnspmng. row n 0 row 可叩 line, column, queue, proces sion, chain, string;inf crocodile. 2 row 可 vegetables line, column, sequence, series. 3 0 row 0 工砒 5 line, tier, rank, bank. ー 0W2 n 1 the two brothers had 0 「 ow argu- roundabout ・ ruddy quarrel, squabble, ⅱ圧 fight, conflict, alter- cation, brawl, affray, wrangle, free- for-all, fracas, mélée ⅱ可 falling-out, set-to, scrap. 2 the row co 癇れ g 介 om the party noise, din, clamour, ( 0n1n10 ⅱ on , rumpus , uproar, tumult, hubbub, babel, pandemomum. 3 the children got a row reprimand, reproof, scolding, chiding, lecture, cas tigation ⅱ可 dressing-down, telling-off, ⅱ ( ng -0 圧 talking-to, rollicking, flea ⅲ one's ear, bawling-out. 2W2 v the brothers are rowing ag ⅲれ argue, quarrel, squabble, fight, wrangle, brawl; inf SCrap. rowdy adj rowdy drunks unruly, disorderly, noisy, boisterous, loud, obstreperous, wild, rough, unrestrained, lawless. rowdy n ⅱ化 0 e ⅵれ g row 市お ruman, thug, hooligan, troublemaker, brawler;i 可 tear- away, tough, rough. 「 OY 可 adj ユ 0 加ア wave kingly, queenly, kinglike, queenlike, princely, regal, monar- chical, sovereign. 2 ro. ツ s リ打 0 れ d ⅲ gs majestic, magnificent, impressive, glonous, splendid, imposing, grand, superb. 3 ha 怩 0 「 0 ツ time excellent, fine, first-rate, first- class, marvellous, wonderful. rub v ユ翔と her sore れ eck massage, knead, embrocate. 2 川と the cat's back stroke, caress, fondle, pat. 3 rub the silver 厄 mp po ト ish, buffup, burnish. 4 rub the ditty mark/ 0 催 scrub, scour, wipe, clean. 5 tub ⅲ the Ointme れ t apply, put on, smear, spread, work ⅲ . 6 tub 0 側 t the message erase, wipe 0 圧 efface, obliterate, expunge, remove, cancel, delete. rub n 1 怩 her れ部 k 0 川と massage, knead- mg, embrocation, friction. 2 give the cat's ba 戓 0 rub stroke, caress. see RUB v 2.3 give the 川ロ rub polish, buffng, burnishing. 4 give t 00r ロ tüb scrub, scqur, wipe, clean. 5 there's the tüb diffculty, problem, trouble, drawback, snag, hitch, hindrance, obstacle, obstruction, impediment. rubbish n 12 砒 the lübbish ⅲ bins waste, refuse, litter, lumber, junk, debris , detri- tus, dross, rubble, scrap, flotsam and jet- sam; sweepings , leavings, dregs , offscourmgs , Odds and ends ; Amer garbage, trash. 2 地ⅲ g tübbish nonsense, stuff and nonsense, drivel, gibberish, balderdash, bunkum, twaddle, moonshine; 立 0 な havers ; inf rot, tommy-rot, bunk, gobbledegook, bosh, piffle, hogwash, codswallop, guff, tOSh. ruddy adj 1 a 川 d comがe短 0 れ red, reddish, pink, pinkish, rosy, rosy-cheeked, rubi-