13 acutely adv acutely co れ scio 0fhis を ov す y very, markedly, extremely, intensely, deeply, profoundly, keenly, sharply, painfully. adage n 碼 the 0 adage hasit saying, maxim, axiom, proverb, aphorism, dictum, precept, truism, platitude; 食社 apophthegm, gnome. adamant adj resolute, determined, firm, immovable, unshakable, uncompromrsing, unrelenting, unyielding, unbending' inflex- ible, obdurate, inexorable, intransigent. adapt v 叩 d s / れ ov 山靃叩 t 0 れ way 可ー adjust, tailor, convert, change' altem modifr, transform, remodel, reshape. 2 0 リ 襯社 adapt 加 the new environment adjust, conform, acclimatize, accommodate, famil- iarize oneself with, habituate oneself. adaptable adj 1 ロれ叩地 b dressl 明 adapt- way 可 ~ adjustable, convertible, alter- able, modifiable, variable, versatile. 2 ア側 must tty tO 0d02 地と adjustable, flexible pliant, compliant, malleable, versatile' resilient, easygoing, conformable. adaptation n ユ the 面叩地 ti0 れ可 0 d ss / れ el adjustment, tailoring, converting. alter- ation, changing, modification, remodelling. see ADA.vr 1.2 the ロ da. ア地 tiO れ tO 0 new 印ⅵ ro れ - ment adjustment, conformity, acclimatiza- tion, accommodation, familiarization, habituation. add v 1 added 明 extra れ te れ include, put onlin, attach, append, 尹 adj 0 ⅲ . 2 add the れリ m add up, add together, tOtal, count, count up, compute; inftOt up. 3 ・ 1 砒れ e , " added go on to say, state further; inf tack on, tag on; 尹 superim- pose. add tO this added tO theirpain increase, magnify, amplify, augment' intensifr, aggravate, exacerbate. add up 1 add 叩 the CO m れ可に es add, add together, tOtal, count, count up, ( 01 Ⅱ pute ; inftot up. 2 it ad ホ叩 tO EIOO amount tO' ( 01 e tO. 3 れ 0 adds up tO 0 d r amount tO, constitute, comprise, signifr; inf spell' spell 0 Ⅱ t. 4 れ doesnt add make sense' be/ seem reasonable, be/seem plausible; i れ工 ring tn-le, hOld water, stand tO reason. addendum n addition, appendix, codicil, postscript, appendage, supplement' adjunct. addict n ユ 0 d 川 gs 0i れ 0 市は abuser, user; infjunkie, freak, head, fiend, tripper. 2 0 film addict fan, enthusiast, devotee 危 1- lower, adherent;i 可 buff, freak, nut. addicted adj 1 ad 市 d t0 d 川 dependent, dependent on 靆可 hOOked. 2 addicted the acutely ・ adept cinema devoted, obsessed, dedicated; inf hooked. addiction n ロれ靃 di 0 れ t0 dmgsl 靃市 0 れ tO the ci れ ema dependency, craving, devotion. obsession, dedication, enslavement, habit. addition n ユ the add ⅲ 0 れ可ロれ extra 記れ te れ化 inclusion, adding on, attachment, appendage. 5 記 ADD 1.2 the 面 d ⅲ 0 れ可ロ row 0 工 e 引 check my 靃 d ⅲ 0 れ adding counting, totalling, computation, calcula- tion;i 可 totting up. see ADD 2.3 0 れ ad 市 tiO れ tO 市 e 角川 i ツ庫 0 increase, increment, extension, augmentation, gain, supple- ment, appendage. additlon ⅲ d ⅲ 0 れ , ア硼 ma take three わ 00 はれ add ⅲ 0 れ t0 扣れ e additionally, besides , as well, as well as. additional adj dd ⅲ 0 れゆ extra, supple- mentary, further, more, Other, over and above, fresh, supplemental. additionally adv 面 d 0 れ y he gave mo れ ⅲ addition, alSO, as well, besides , more- over, further, intO the bargain, tO bOOt. additive n ad 市 t ⅳ tofood lchemical additives supplement, addition, add-on; preservative E number. address n 1 the address 0 れ the envelope inscription, label, superscription; direc- tions. 2 moved tO 0 れ , address house, home, location, place, residence abOde• domicile' dwelling, situation; whereabouts. 3 0 れ address tO the crowd speech, lecture, talk' dis- sertation, discourse, harangue, diatribe, disquisition, phillipic. address v 1 address 明 envelope direct, label' inscribe, superscribe. 2 add the audi- 明化 talk tO, speak tO, give a ね lk tO' make a speech tO, lecture, give a discoursel dissertation/oration tO, preach tO' declaim tO, harangue; infspout tO. 3 address someone 0 OSS the street 墅 t , speak tO' hail' salute. 4 how 加 address the mayor speak tO, write, describe, designate; - ー denomi- nate. 5 address 0 remarks tO the ma れ ag direct, send, communicate, convey' for- ward, remit. 6 address 0 ball take aim at, aim at, face. address 0 れ 3 可 f tO apply one- self tO, attend tO, direct one's attention tO' turn tO, get down tO, devote oneselft0' take up, engage ⅲ , undertake, concentrate on. adduce V cite, put forward, mention, point out, quote, name, instance, present, Offen advance, propose, proffer. adept adj 面印 t at m 国面印 t 砒 0 れ g roses expert, clever, proficient, s 1 血 1 , accomplished, brilliant, talented, first-rate• masterly; inf top-notch, 用 , wizard' ace.

enlargement ・ enrol enlargement n 1 enlargement oftheliving ロロ increase, expansion, extension, magm- fication, amplification, augmentation, sup- plementation, supplement, multiplication, broadening, lengthening, elongation, deep- ening, thickening. 2 enlargement 可 the s 刎れ distension, dilation, swelling, bloating, intumescence, tumefaction, protuberation; bulge, protuberance. 3 photographic 明恤 e - ment magnification, blow-up, large print. enlighten V inform, make aware, instruct, teach, educate, tutor, indoctrinate, illumi- nate, apprise, edifr, civilize, cultivate, counsel, advise. enlightened adj informed, aware, edu- cated, knowledgeable, learned, wise, liter- ate, intellectual, tutored, indoctrinated, illuminated, apprised; civilised, refined, cultured, cultivated, sophisticated, liberal, open-minded, broad-minded. enlightenment n awareness, understand- ing, insight, education, learning, 10W1- edge , erudition, wisdom, instruction, teaching, indoctrination, illumination, edification, awakening; culture, refine- ment, cultivation, civilization, sophisti- cation, liberalism, open-mindednes s, broad-mindedness. enlist v 1 明 t soldiers/stafflenlist her help enrol, sign up, recruit, hire, employ, ter, take 0 れ , engage, obtain, procure, secure, gather, muster. 2 明ⅱれ the amy/ venturejoin, jOin up, enrollregister ⅲ , sign on/up for, enter intO, volunteer for. enliven v brighten up, cheer up, wake up, give a lift[boost tO, ginger up, buoy up, heaften, gladden, excite, stimulate, rouse, refresh, exhilarate, invigorate, revitalize, vitalize, light a fire under; i 可ⅸ up, jazz en mity n hostility, ill-will, hate, hatred, antagoms m, antipathy, aversion, ity, bitterness, spite, malice, venom, ran- cour, malevolence, animus. en masse adV as a group, ⅲ a bOdy, as one, as a 、 &/hole, in a mass. ennoble v e れれ ob d gnefl 明れ ObIi れ g the ロ砒 h 催 make noble/great, digniW, exalt, el- evate , raise, enhance, aggrandize, nobilitate , honour, gloriÜ, lionize. ennui n boredom, tedium, listlessness, lethargy, lassitude, la Ⅱ部 10r , sluggishness, dissatisfaction, melancholy. enormity n ユ the e れ onn 0 工 me, は / & gestion outrageousness, 、 e 、ト ness , vileness, monstrousness, hideousness, dreadfulness, heinousness , atrocity, cnlelty, brutality, depravity, nefanousness. 2 commit e れ omities in wa た time outrage, horror, evil, crime, atrocity, abomination, ⅵ 01a ⅱ on , villainy, transgres- sion, disgrace. enormous adj huge, lmmense, massive, vast, gigantic, C010S sal, astronomic, mam- moth, mountainous, gargantuan, prodi- g10t1S, tremendous, stupendous, excessive, titanic, Herculean, Brobdingnagian;inf jumbo. enormously adv 明 01m0 wealthy tO a very large/great extent, tremendously, markedly, hugely, mass ively. enormousness n e れ 0 ? 1 例れ ess Ofthe head hugeness, massiveness, vastness, lmmense- ness, magnitude, greatness, largeness. eno ugh adj enough food/time sumcient, ade- quate, ample, abundant. e れ 0 ugh n we 加 had e れ ough sumcient/ade- quate amount, suffciency, adequacy, ample supply, abundance, amplitude; plenty, 血Ⅱ measure; inf plenitude. enough adv れ Ot wam e れ側 h ゆⅲれ ts well enough suffciently, adequately, amply, sat- isfactorily, passably, tolerably, reasonably, fairly. en passant adv ⅲ passing, by the way, talking Of, while on the subject, that reminds me, apropos. enquire V see INQUIRE. enquiry n see INQUIRY. enrage V annoy, anger, infuriate, irritate, madden, exasperate, provoke, incense, irk, agitate, inflame, incite, make one's hackles rise, make one's b100d boil;infwind up, get one's back/dander up. enraged adj angry, angered, furious, annoyed, irate, livid, raging, fuming, 1 な i - tated, maddened, exasperated, incensed, provoked, irked, agitated, inflamed;inf mad, wild, wound-up. enrapture v delight, thrill, charm, capti- vate, fascinate, enchant, bewitch, entrance, enthrall, beguile, transport, ravish;inf blOW one's mind, turn on. enrich v 10 れ 0 寘 0 れ enHched make richl richer, feather the nest Of. 2 曲 the 50 川 enHch 0 れ e ' 5 q 材 i make richer, lmprove, enhance, add tO, augment, sup- plement, upgrade, refine, polish, amelio- rate, aggrandize. 3 e れⅱ the fabHc decorate, adorn, ornament, embellish, beautify, garnish, gild, grace ・ enrol v ユ明 r three れ ew な 2 ホ register, sign onlup, take on, enlist, recntit, enter, engage, admit, accept. 2 厄 enrolledfor mili- t ロワ servicel enrollingfor ロれ ew CO リ e sign on, 250

19 affirmative adj assenting, consenting, agreeing, concurrmg, favourable, approving, positive. affix v 0 が x 0 s 地襯を the envelope attach, stick, fasten, fix, tack, glue paste. 2 0 が x ロ t 肝 e tO 0 れ t append, add' add attach. afiict v oub 厄 , burden, distress, beset, haras s, oppres s, torment' plague' rack' smite. affliction n 1 b れ g 0 一甑伽 bravely trou- ble, distress , pain, misery, suffering wretchedness, hardship, misfortune' sor- row, torment, tribulation, woe. 2 the afflic- 0 れ s 可 the Old trouble, disorder, disease. pain, suffering, trial, hardship, ordeal' scourge, plague, woe. affluence n wealth, prosperity, opulence, fortune, richness; riches, resources. see affiuent adj rich, wealthy, prosperous, opu- lent, well 0ff, moneyed, well-to-do, com- fortable; infwell-heeled, ⅲ the money' loaded. afford v ユれれ ot örd 0 れ dress pay for, meet the expense Of, spare the price Of• 2 ca れれ Ot 0 窈örd the ofstaffbear, sustain' stand. 3 the tree 0 催ホ shade provide, sup- ply, offer, give, impart, bestow, furnish, yield. 4 the 0 な h d 0 和 r ホロ厄鵬 e mpyield, produce, bear, supply, give. affray n fight, brawl, battle, quarrel, row, set-tO, wrangle, fracas, altercation, distur- bance, comⅡ10ⅱon, breach Of the peace• mélée, scrap, clash, scume, tussle; inffree- for-all. affront n sexist retnark.s are 0 れ 0 れ t tO women insult, offence, indignity, slight' snub, aspersion, provocation, i11Jt11Y' out- rage;infslap ⅲ the face. a 升ー 0 れ t v he was afronted her b 0 ⅵ硼 r insult, offend, outrage, provoke, slight' hurt, pique ・ af00t adj/adv 比 0 0 叫ゆ厄れ s afoot around, going abroad' circulating cur- rent, stirring;inf on the go ; 翫 astir. aforesaid adj aforementioned, aforenamed, previously described, foregoing. preceding earlier, prevlous. afraid adj 10 介ⅲ d 可 d 田 th 協朝 d to die frightened, scared, terrified' apprehensive. fearful, newous, alarmed at, intimidated by, terror-stricken. 21'm 0 食 d I cant 厄ゆ sorry, regretful, apologetiG unhappy ・ afresh adV anew, agam, over agam, once after prep 1 leave ロれ市 following, sub- sequent tO, at the close/end Of, later than. 2 shut the door a. 尹ッ硼 behind, f0110W ⅲ g , ⅲ the rear Of. 3 B comes 0 A following, next tO, nearest tO, belOW. 4 川れ 0 e 「 the thieflbe 0 尹 ajOb ⅲ pursuit Of, ⅲ search Of, ⅲ quest Of. 5 0 昨 the way 0 は記 she hates him following, because Of, as a result Of, ⅲ view Of, OWing tO, on account Of. 6 after 0 Ⅱ that she s 用ロ OV him despite, ⅲ spite Of, regardless Of, notwithstanding. 7 e れ quire a. her health about, concerning, regarding, with reference tO, apropos. 8 they d their SO れ 0 尹 his grandfather 、 the name Of, the same as, in honour Of, as a tribute to; Amer for. 9 0 painting 0 尹件 Rubens ⅲ the style Of, ⅲ the manner of, ⅲ imitation Of, on the model Of, Ⅱ OW ing the pattern Of. after adv 1 the week 0 共 later, following, afterwards , subsequently, thereafter. 2 和ト ーⅵれ g 0 れ 0 behind, ⅲ the rear' at the back. after adji れ 0 er ア田 later, succeeding, sub sequent, following. afterlife n 朝ⅵロれ s believe ⅲ 0 e life after death, the hereafter, afterworld. aftermath n after-effects , effects, conse- quences, results; end outcome, upshot, is sue, end. afterwards adv ロ e ハ VO 「ホ they 尹 later, subsequently, then, thereupon, after' next again adv 1 0 は 0 れ once more, afresh, anew, a second time, another time. 2 ag ⅲ 1 there the q 0 れ 0 工 mo れ moreover, besides, also, furthermore, further. 3 he might cotne ロれ d ag 朝れ might れ Ot on the Other hand, on the contrary, conversely. 4 much 0g0 ⅲⅲ additiom over and above, also, t00. agaln and agaln 0ftem frequently, repeatedly, over and over' and time again, continuallY' persistently. against prep 1 叩 ag ロⅲ立 the movement opposed tO, ⅲ opposition tO' hostile tO' at Odds with, ⅲ disagreement with' versus' , cross-purposes with. 2 ag れ立 the tide ⅲ opposition tO, counter tO' resisting. 3 0 ⅲれ g ag ⅲれ the れ化 touching•ⅲ con- tact with, close up tO, up against, 4 ho ed ag ⅲれ st 0 b 厄戓 b k 0 れ d ⅲ contrast tO, as a fOil tO. 5 50 れ g ag ⅲれ 0 rainy da. アⅲ preparation for, ⅲ anticipatio Of, ⅲ expectation Of, as provision for. 6 age against him disadvantageous tO' unfavourable tO, damaging tO' detrimenta tO, prejudicial tO. 7 the exchange rate ag the d ⅲ exchange for, ⅲ return for•

Abbreviations 盟 le following labels have been used: Parts of Spæch adj adv CO 可 interj pfx prep pron Other Atbrviations Amer Aust Med Tech wlg adj ective adverb conjunction interJ ection noun plural noun prefix preposition pronoun verb American Australian dialect formal informal literary Medicine Technical fields vulgar

amendment ・ anaesthetic si 地 0 0 れ improve, remedy, ameliorate, bet- ter, fix, set right, repair, enhance. amendment n 1 the amendment ofthe text revision, alteration, modification, adjust- ment. see AMEND 1.2 the amendment t sit- uation improvement, remedying, amelioration, betterment, fixing. see . 化 ND 2.3 am d 襯印 ts 加 the govemment bill alter- ation, addendum, addition, adjunct, attach- ment, appendage. amends npl make amendsfor the m 地 compensation, recompense, reparation. amenity n ユ am 印甑 provided the 櫛回 facility, sennce, convenience, resource, advantage. 2 the ameni 可 h 覊側れ d ⅲ gs pleasantness , agreeablenes s, pleasurable- ness, enjoyableness, niceness. amiable adj friendly, pleasant, agreeable, pleasing, charming, delightful, good- natured, sociable, genial, congenial. amlcable adj 明 am settlement friendly, good-natured, civil, harmonious, cordial non-hostile, peaceful. amid prep ⅲ the midst of, amidst, ⅲ the middlelcourse of, among, amongst, ⅲ the thick of.. amiss adj something was am 印 owe wouldnt seem amiss wrong, awry, faulty, out oforder, defective, unsatisfactory, incorrect, inappropriate. ammunition n 1 川れⅲれ g out 可 amm 社ⅲ t れ for the guns projectiles; bullets, cartridges, shells, shOt, slugs, grenades, gunpowder, powder, bombs, missiles. 2 川れ out 可 amm 伽ⅲ 0 れ argument information, data, input; pointers, points, advantages. amnesty n general pardon, pardon, par- doning, reprieve; absolution, forgiveness, dispensation, indulgence. amok adv frenziedly, ⅲ a frenzy, berserk, wildly, uncontrollably, maniacally, crazedly, insanely, violently, destructively. among, amongst prep 1 live 0m0 れ g trees/ - 飾印ホⅲ the midst of, amid, amidst, ⅲ the middle of, surrounded by, ⅲ the thick of.. 2 divide れ 0 襯 0 れ g リ between, to each of. 3 0m0 れ g was 0 、面は催 included ⅲ , out of, ⅲ the group of, ⅲ the number of, ⅲ the company Of. 4 decide 0m0 れ gyourselves by the jOint action Of, by all of, by the whole of, with one another, together, mutually, reci- p 皿 a ・ amorous adj loving, pas sionate, sexual, lustful, erotic, amatory. amorphous adj formless, unformed, shape- less , unshaped, structureless, unstruc- tured, indeterminate, ill-organized, vague, nebulous;fml inchoate. amount n 0 厄 e am 側れ t 可 mo れ / cl 硼 d / expetience quantity, measure, mass, VOItIme, bulk, expanse, extent. 2 the ロ m 硼れ t total, grandlsum tOtaI, aggregate;i 可 whOIe caboodle, whOIe shebang. amount v amount tO 1 the bill amounted 加 [ add up to, total, come to, run to. 2 their silence amounts to 0 confession equal, add up tO, be equivalent tO, correspond tO, 叩 pro 刈 - mate tO. 3 he れ amounted 0 れⅲれ g become, growldevelop intO, mature into, progressladvance tO. ample adj 1 ロ m 刎 e 和 od の live 側 enough, suffcient, adequate, plenty, more than enough, enough and tO spare. 2 0 れ ample y 可れ e p 厄 n ⅱ血 1 , abundant, copious, lavish, generous, liberal, profuse, bounti- 血 1 , plenteous. 3 可 am 回 e 叩 0 io れ引 ample b0SO 襯 large, big, substantial, exten- sive, ・ Wide, spacious, roomy, capacious, ( 0n1n10di0 Ⅱ S. amplify v 10 襯竰 the s 硼れ d g れ increase, bOOSt, magni$r, intensifr, heighten, aug- ment, supplement. 2 am 竰 your stat.ement expand, enlarge 0 Ⅱ , elaborate on, add tO, develop, flesh out, go into detail about, expound on, expatiate 0 Ⅱ , explicate. amputate v cut 0 氏 sever, remove, excise, 10P , 10P 0 圧 dismember. amuse V 1 the clO 既 s am d them entertain, gladden, cheer, please, charm, delight, divert, 反ⅲ e , enliven, regale with. 2 0 襯 e ッ硼 el s when l'm out occupy, interest, entertain, divert, absorb, engross. amusement n 1 smiling with amusement mirth, laughter, fun, merriment, gaiety, hilarity, enj oyment, pleasure, delight. 2 provide 0 range 0 工ロ m な m にれ ts entertain- ment, diversion, interest, recreation, sport, pastime, hobby. 3 the amusement 可 e 曲 dren entertaining, entertainment, divert- ing. see AMUSE 1. amusing adj 0 れ amusing 地 / Sto ワ - 〃 humorous, funny, comical, 、ⅵ t , enter- taining, hilarious , facetious , droll, jocular. anaemic adj 1 m 化 0 れ d 立ⅶ weak, pale, wan, colourless, pallid, ashen; infbloodless. 2 0 れ聞 aem 化 e. 0 / 硼 p weak, feeble, pow- erless, impotent, vigourless, ineffective, ineffectual, enervated. anaesthetic n give a れ aesthetic to the patient narcotic, opiate, soporific, stupefa- cient, painkiller, sedative, analgesic, ano- dyne; general anaesthetic, 10Ca1 anaesthetic. 26

・ xtempore ・ extortlonate tmpromptu, spontaneous , ad lib' impro- nsed, unrehearsed, unplanned, unpre- pared, unpremeditated; i 可 0 the cu 価げ襯ー Improvisat01Y. xtempore adj 0 れ extempore 平 tmpromptu, spontaneous, ad lib' impro- nsed, unrehearsed, unplanned, unpre- pared, extemporaneous. i 可 0 迂 the 迂 , 0 圧 the top ofone's head. em adv he spoke extempore ad lib, spontaneously, extemporaneous ツⅱ可 0 価 the cuff. xtemporize v improvise, ad lib, play it by ear, think on one's feet. see EXI'EMPORE adj. ・ xtend v ユ extend the terntoty/spting expand, increase, enlarge; lengthen, widen' broaden, stretch, stretch out, draw out, elongate. 2 extend the scope 可市 elaw increase, add tO, expand, broaden, enlarge augment, amplify, supplement, enhance develop. 3 extend the Od ofcredit prolong, increase, lengthen, stretch out, protract, spin out, drag out. 4 extend 0 れ am stretch out, reach out, spread out, straighten out, unroll, unfurl. 5 exte れ d 0 welcome Offer, give, grant, proffer, present, confer, hOld out, advance, impart, put forth, reach out. 6 the ro 面 ext 明ホ工 many miles continue, stretch, stretch out, on, run 0 Ⅱ , last, unroll, Ⅱ n 江 1 , range. xtended adj 1 extended credit ci 引 extended hO 材パ longer lasting, prolonged, increased, lengthened, elongated, pro- tracted. 2 ext 明 d 記 widened, enlarged, expanded, far-reaching, compre- hensive, broad. te れ on n ユ the extensio れ Ofthe territory/ spti れ g expansion, increase, enlargement; elongation. 5 旧下 ND 1.2 the ex れ 0 れ可 0 Od ofcredit prolongation, increase, lengthening, protraction. see EXIEND 3.3 ロれ extension tO the house/collection annexe, wing; addition, add-on, adjunct, addendum, aug- mentation, supplement, appendage. 4 0 for 0 れ extension tO Y morel extra time, increased time, additional time, a longer period. >xtensive adj extensive 硼れホ側れ d the h 硼記 large, large-scale, sizeable• substan- tial, spacious, considerable, commodious, vast, lmmense. 2 0 れ extensive knowledge Ofthe 砌切 e は comprehensive. thor- ough, complete, broad. wide• wide-ranp-ng' all-inclusive, all-embracing, wholesale uni- versal, boundless , catholic. *Xtent n 1 t 1 レ x れ t ofthe tra 戓加 0 ⅸ厄れホ length, area, expanse stretch' range scope. 2 the extent 可 h 昨れ owledge coverage breadth, range, scope, degree comprehen- 274 siveness, thoroughness, completeness, all- inclusiveness. extenuating adj extenuating circumstances mitigating, palliating, palliative• justifying, moderating, qualifring. exterior n the exterior 可市 e ⅲ g outside, outside surface, outerlexternal surface, outward appearancelaspect, fagade, cover- ing, shell. e 対 e 0 ー adj the 催ツ outer, outside, outermost, outward, external, surface, superficial. extermlnate v kill, destroy, eradicate, annihilate, eliminate, abolish, extirpate;inf bump 0 圧 extemal adj ユ 0 れ external wall outer, out- side, outward, exterior, surface, superficial, extraneous, extrinsic. 2 0 れ extemal student extramural; outside, visiting, non-resident. extinct adj ユ聞 e ⅵれは spedes died out, defunct, no longer existing, vanished' wiped out, gone, lost. 2 0 れ ex れは VO 0 れ 0 / inactive, no longer active; extinguished, burnt out, quenched, put out, doused. 3 e ⅲけ翫加 s dead, defunct, ended, terminated, obsolete, outmoded' out ofdate, antiquated, 記広 extlnction n dying out, death, vanishing, extinguishing, quenching, ending termi- 蝨 a ⅱ 0 Ⅱ . see EX11NCr. extlnguish v e れ団 the gh 花 put out, blow out, quench, smother, douse, snuffout, stifle, dampen down, choke. 2 extinguish s 加れ destroy, Ⅱ , end, remove, annihilate, wipe out, eliminate, abolish, eradicate, erase, expunge, extermi- nate, extirpate, obscure, suppress. e 対 v pralse, praise highly, praise tO the skies, sing the prarses Of, applaud' acclaim• pay tribute tO, laud, eulogize about' exalt' commend, congratulate, celebrate, compli- ment, glorify, panegyrize, magni&;inf ( e 対 0 杙 v extott moneylextort 0 confession extract, force, exact, coerce, wring, squeeze, milk, Obtain by bla ( 11a 山 infput the screws on tO obtain; A infput the bite on tO obtain. extortion n 0 と地 i れ襯 0 れり ex 用 0 れ force, coercion, compulsion, exaction. oppres- sion, blackmail. 5 記 EXTORT. extortionate adj 1 exto i 0 比 prices exorbi- tant, excessive, outrageous, immoderate, unreasonable, inordinate, inflated, sky-high. 2 ⅲ 0 れ 0 襯 hO ホ exacung, grasping, blood-sucking• avari- cious, rapaclous , usurious, ngorous, hard, oppressive.

laudable iSt ・ the s れ 0 ⅳ ? survive, exist, live, subsist, hold on, hold out. 3 those 0 お WO れ ' ロ t last long, wear well, stand up tO wear, keep, endure. 4 the heartache WO れ ' ロ t be perma- nent, be constant, last long. t3 n shoemaker'slast mould, model, pat- tern, forl , matnx. nst-ditch adj ロ last-ditch attempt desperate, frantic, frenzied, wild, struggling, strain- tng, final, last-chance, last-minute, last- gasp, all-out. •sting adj 0 厄れ g 2 偬 long-lasting, enduring, long-lived, lifelong, abiding, con- tmuing, long-term, suruvrng, persisting, permanent, deep-rooted, durable, constant, eternal, undying, everlasting, perennial, rpetual, unending, never-ending, immor- , ceaseless , unceasing, interminable, mperishable, indestructible. 博 t ツ adv I want tO thank ア硼ロれ finally, conclusion, tO conclude, tO sum up, 1 取 drawing things tO a close. ltch n the 比 h 0 れ the door catch, fastening, hasp, hOOk, bar, bolt, 1 k : Scots sneck, snib. ltch v 比 h the do 催 fasten, secure, make fast, bar, bOIt, lock; S ( 0 な sneck, snib. lte adj 1 she's always late unpunctual, behind time, behind schedule, behind, behindhand, not 0 time, tardy, overdue, delayed, dilatory, slow. 2 her late h わ 0 れ d deceased, dead, departed, defunct, no ル extant. 3 the 記 govemment former, previ- )us, preceding, past, prior. 4 some late news cecent, fresh, new, last-minute, up-to-date, up-to-the-minute. lte adv 1 he amved late unpunctually, behind time, behindhand, belatedly, tardily, at the last minute, at the tail end, dilatorily, slowly. 2 we worked yes 池 0 ア past the usual finishinglstoppinglclosing time, after hours. 3 get home 惚介 om the ロれ late at night, ⅲ the early hours Of the morning; infin the wee small hours. Df late lately, recently, latterly, ⅲ the past few days, ⅲ the last couple ofweeks, ⅲ cecent times. 可 y adv of late, recently. see LATE adv of late. ltent adj latent 回明 t dormant, quiescent, tnactive, passive, hidden, unrevealed, con- cealed, unapparent, indiscernible, imper- ceptible, invisible, covert, undeveloped, unrealized, potential, pos sible. lter adj the 記 r bus subsequent, next, f01- IO 、 ung, succeeding, successive, sequential. lter adv 1 ロれ ' t come today 盟 come r later on, at a later time, at a later date, at a future time/date, at some point ⅲ the future, ⅲ the future, ⅲ time tO come. 2 he 0 行•i 怩 d 0 れ d she came t 鉱 later on, after, afterwards, subsequently, by and by, ⅲ a while, after a bit. te 「 adj sidewise, sideways, sidelong, sideward, edgewise, edgeways, indirect, oblique, slanting, askance. latest adj the latest れ ew most recent, newest, up-to-date, up-to-the-minute, cur- rent, modern, fashionable, ⅲ fashion, ⅲ vogue, ⅲ ; infwith-it. lather n 1 so 叩れ ot producing 襯乢 h suds, soapsuds, foam, frOth, bubbles. 2 れ 0 cov 記ⅲ lather sweat, perspiration. 3 getti れ g ⅲ 0 lather OV 昨 the exams nervous state, state Of agitation, state Of anxiety, fluster, flutter, fret, fuss, 斤 e Ⅱ , fever, pother;inf flap, sweat, tizzy, dither, twit- ter, state, Stew. latitude n ユ側 the same ti Moscow parallel, meridian, grid line. 2 怩 his s 地窈 0 e 砒 deal 可厄ル d れ decision-making lchil- dren v 印加 0 much 蹴リ de scope, scope for initiative, freedom Of action, freedom 仕 om restriction, freedom, unrestrictedness, lib- erty, free play, catte b れ市 e , leeway, elbow- room, licence, indulgence, laxity. e ー adj ユ the れな the れ last-men- tioned, second-mentioned, second Of the れ 0 , second. 2 the れ 2 ロれ ofthe year/ OC お s later, hindmost, closing, end, con- cluding, final. 3 the techn010U 可厄れ times recent, latest, modern. ね e r-day adj 厄比 - d missionaries modern, present-day, present-time, current, contem- pora•ty ・ latterly adv ユ the 0 ma れ was ⅲ 0 coma lat- t ア towards the end, at the end, finally. 2 厄比 e ア manageme れ t has 印 more r SO れ - ab recently, lately, Of late. lattice n lattice-work, fretwork, open framework, openwork, trellis, network, mesh, web, tracery, reticulation, grating, grid, grille. laud v 1 リ d their e. 0 な s praise, sing the pralses Of, extOl, hail, applaud, acclaim, commend, admire, approve Of, make much Of, cheer, celebrate, eulogize, panegyrize. 2 リ d the C 砒 or g10 ⅱ , worship, magnifr, exalt, pay tribute tO, pay homage tO, hon- our, adore, revere, venerate. laudable adj 面 b b 0 ⅵ 0 肝 / ロ 0 れ 5 praiseworthy, commendable, admirable, worthy Of admiration, meritorious, deserv- ing, creditable, worthy, estimable, Of note, noteworthy, exemplary, excellent. 458

動 rore ・ fuay セ′ 0 ′ e n ユ 0 ro when theyfou れ d 0 砒 com- motion, uproar, disturbance, hullabaloo, turmoil, tempest, tumult, brouhaha, stir, excitement, tO-dO, outburst, outCIY. 2 0 角 ro rage, madness, frenzy, fit. 3 0 ル加 「 0 旧ー ms craze, enthusiasm, mania, fad, obsession. ″ OW n groove, trench, channel, rut, trough, hollow, ditch, seam. 2 な 0 0 れ her brow/ski れ crease, line, wrinkle, corruga- tion, crinkle, crow's fOOt. 祉代れ e ー adj 1 れ h 件 p 回 additional, more, extra, supplementary, Other, new. fresh. 2 市 e ル h bo な mo 寸 out ofsight more distantladvancedlremote, remoter, further awayloff, farther. Urther adv れ硼ⅵ〃 go れ ow further- more, moreover, what's more, 21S0 , besides, additionally, as well, t0 bOOt, on top Of that, over and above that, by the same tOken. 2 she 叩 d ロれ d w 側旧 come 加 角れ h tO a more advanced point, more for- wardlonward, farther. 祉代 he 「 v れ h 鉱側 r 0 advance, forward, facilitate, aid, assist, help, lend a hand tO, abet, expedite, hasten, speed up, push, give a push tO, promote, back, contribute tO, encourage, fOSter, champion. セ戒 he れ 0 ・ n 1 h ロれ化 in thefim advancement, promotion, elevation. prefer- ment; infstep-up. 2 the h 0 れ化側 r 刎 0 れ s furthering, advancement, forwarding, facilitating, aiding, assisting, pushing, pro- motion, backing. see FURIHER V. 杙 he ′ mo adv moreover, what's more, also, besides , additionally, as well, further. 5 日飛田 ER adv 1. :urthest adj furthest away, farthest, fur- thermost, most distant, most remote, out- ermost, outmost, extreme, uttermost, ultimate. 戒ⅳ e adj secret, secretive, stealthy, sur- reptitious, sneaky, sneaking, skulking, slinking, clandestine, hidden, covert, cloaked, conspiratorial, sly, underhand, under the table, wily. n 1 t 愈ヮ ofthe ? 礰 e れな great anger, rage, wrath, madness, passion, frenzy, furore. 2 thefury ofthe storm fierceness, ferocity, violence, turbulence, tempestu- ousness, severity, intensity, vehemence, force, great force, power, potency. 3 she な 0 virago, hell-cat, termagant, spit- fire, vixen, shrew, hag. se v ユ the ingredients combine, amal- gamate, put together, unite, blend, inter- mix, intermingle, merge, meld, coalesce, compound, agglutinate, jOin, integrate, weld, solder. 2 記 the 5 d melt, melt down, smelt, dissolve, liquefr. 33 n ユ物 e 55 側 the 2 「甲 arat れ s fluster, fluny, bustle, tO 0 , ado, agitation, excite- ment, bother, stir, commotion, conftsion, tumult, uproar, upset, worry, over-anxiety, pother, palaver, storm ⅲ a teacup, much adO about nothing;infflap, tizzy, stew. 2 0 5 ⅵれ the 2 と last night row, altercation, squabble, argument, quarrel, dispute, upset; 0 Ⅱ b 厄 , bother, unrest;inf dust-up, barney, hassle. 3 make afuss 0 the se れ北 e complaint, objection;infgrouse, 部 i . 血 ss v ユ 0 0 ⅲ ze g 0 加れ d the が引 催如地 bustle, bustle about, dash about, rush about, tear around, buzz around; worry, 反 agitatedlworried, make a big thing out ofnothing, make a mountain out Ofa molehill;infget worked up over nothing, 反ⅲ a flap, flap, 反ⅲ a tizzy, 反 ⅲ a stew. 2 0 と側 t the れ北 e kick up a fuss, make a fuss, complain, rarse an Objec- ⅱ on 靆可部 ouse , gripe. 3 the ba s れ g be upset, fret, ( , 反 cross, crabbed;inf take on. 4 their mother irritate, annoy, vex, bother, pester, disturb, nag. 血 53Y adj ユ 0 ssy 田 t 鉱 particular, over- particular, 血ⅱ ( , pernickety, faddish, faddy, fastidious, hard t0 please, diffcult, exacting, demanding, discriminating, selec- tive, dainty; infchoosy, picky, nit-picking. 2 s 「側 ms 加ⅲれ t ⅲ busy, cluttered, overdecorated, over-embellished, over- elaborate, over-ornate, ro ( 0. futlle adj ユ 0 t 記 0 h vain, ⅲ vain, to Ⅱ 0 avail, unavailing, useless, ineffectual, inef- fective, inemcacious, unsuccessful, fruit- less, abortive, unproductive, impotent, barren, unprofitable, h0 Ⅱ ow. 2 0 蹴 e 5 地比 - ment trivial, unimportant, petty, trifling, valueless, worthless, inconsequential, idle. 血設 y n ユ e 可 t useless- ness, ineffectiveness, fruitlessness, abortiveness. see 良 m 1.2 市 e 可 e 砒 em にれ t triviality, petti- ness, 、 *. see 鼠月第上 2. ん tu ′・ n ユ市ⅲ m 第耻 i 襯 ro t 加 time tO come, time ahead, hereafter; com- ing times. 2 れ 0 加ⅲ thefim prospects expectations; anticipation, 0 Ⅱ , likely successladvancementlimprovement. んな y adj 1 m 可 z r 恒 z 学 就ⅲれ ed peach frizzy, downy, down-covered, W001 ツ , linty, napped. 2 evetything's gone z out 0f focus, unfocused, blurred, blurry, bleary 、 misty, indistinct, unclear, distorted, ill-defined, indefinite. 3 z rec- 0 佩 confused, muddled, fuddled, befud- dled, foggy, misty, shadowy, blurred. 322

ubiquitous adj everywhere, omnipresent, ever-present, in all places, all-over, all over the place, pewasive, universal. ugly adj 1 リ g 叩ルリれ市れ gs ill-favoured, hideous , plain, unattractive, unlovely, unprepossessing, unsightly, displeasing; Amer homely;i 可 not much to look at. 2 明 g ツ sight met their hideous, horrible, horrid, frightful, terrible, disagreeable, unpleasant, ul , nasty, vile, shocking, dis- tasteful, disgusting, revolting, repellent, repugnant, loathsome, hateful, nauseating, sickening. 3 he is 明 g ツ朝 ara け horrible, disagreeable, unpleasant, nasty, objection- able, offensive, obnoxious, ul , ⅵ厄 , base, dishonourable, dishonest, rotten. 4 ロれ g 5 れリ atiO れ threatening, menacmg, , sinister, dangerous, nasty, unpleasant, dis- agreeable. 5 the ffOWd grew 社 g nasty, angry, bad-tempered, ill-natured, hostile, surly, sullen, mean, sour. 6 g ロ them 材 g 0 燔 dark, threatening, menacing, hostile, spiteful, malevolent, e ⅵ 1. ー ce ー n ulceration, sore, open sore, abscess, gathering, bOil, carbuncle, pustule. ulterior adj 0 れ ulterior motive hidden, con- cealed, unrevealed, undisclosed, undi- vulged, unexpressed, secret, covert, unapparent. ultimate adj 1 the リ旧 m 砒 e 0.com/ 地ル mate 平 0 れ sib ⅲ収 last, final, eventual, con- cluding, conclusive, terminal, end, furthest. 2 リ旧襯砒 e truths basic, fundamen- tal, prima1Y, elemental, radical. 3 the ⅵル ma 材 X リワ topmost, utmost, maximum, supreme, superlative, para- mount, greatest, highest, unsurpassed, unrivalled. ultimate n the な旧 m 砒 e ⅲ x リワ last word, utmost, height, peak, culmination, perfec- tion, epitome, nonpareil. ultimately adv 1 he と硼れ d to れ ultimately ⅲ the end, in the long run, eventually, finally, sooner or later. 2 旧 m 砒 el ア he is 0 れ hO れ 0 ra e 0 れ basically, fundamentally, at heart, deep d0W11. セ a modern adj ahead of itslone's time, futuristic, avant-garde, modernistic, advanced, progres sive, ハ ard - looking. umbrage n offence, pique, chagrin, vexa- tion, irritation, exasperation, indignation, Uu annoyance, anger, ire, high dudgeon, hurt, resentment, bitterness ; inf huff.. umbrella n れ d the 襯 el 可 t parent orga ⅲ za ⅱ 0 れ agency, aeg1S, cover, protec- ⅱ 0 Ⅱ , support, patronage, backing. umpire n the 川 re ⅲ the dispute/match adju- dicator, arbitrator, arbiter, judge, modera- tor, referee;i れ fref. umpire v m ⅲ the dispute lumpire the m 砒朝 adjudicate, arbitrate, judge, moder- ate, referee; i 可 ref. u mpteen adj countless , numerous , very many, ever SO many. unable adj れ ab to get 側 t れ ab 加 reach the s れ da not able, incapable, powerless, impotent, not up/equal tO, inadequate, ineffectual, incompetent, unfit, unfitted, unqualified. una bridged adj uncut, unshortened, unre- duced, uncondensed, unexpurgated, 血ル length, complete, entire, whole, intact. unacceptable adj 1 unacceptable terms 可 agreement unsatisfact01Y, inadmis sible, unsuitable. 2 れ acc 印地 b に ha ⅵ側 r insup- portable, intolerable , objectionable, offen- sive, Ob れ 0 ous , undesirable, disagreeable, distasteful, improper. unaccompanied adj go リれ.com/0れie引 材な口 ccom. 0 れ d pe 叩 alone, on one's own, by oneself, partnerless , unescorted, S010 , lone, so ⅱね , single. unaccomplished adj unaccomplished t unfinished, uncompleted, incomplete, undone, half-done , unperformed, unex- ecuted. 2 リれ 0 ( CO 襯れ ed e inexpert, unskilful unskilled, without finesse, blun- dering, talentles s, amateur, dilettante. unaccountable adj 10 れ nacc 囲れ地 e incyease ⅲわ i h 引 r some れ 0 リれ t 床 SO れ inexplicable, unexplainable, insoluble, unsolvable, incomprehensible, beyond comprehension/understanding, unfath- omable, puzzling, baffling, mysterious , inscrutable, peculiar, unusual, curious , strange, queer, bizarre, extraordinary, astonishing; i 可 weird. 2 sheis れ c 側れ地 b 厄 for the e 0 「 not responsible, not answer- able, not liable, free, clear, exempt, llnmune.

:ompetition ・ complication ,ompetition n ユ chess competition contest, match, game, tournament, event, meet, quiz. 2 ⅲ comp 甑 tiO れ udth them rivaliY, g, contest, opposition, struggle, con- tention, strife. 3 the competitio れ po 催 field, opposition; challengers, opponents, rivals. ompetitive adj 10 vety competitive ッ 0 れ g ma れ competition-orientated, ambitious, g, combative, aggressive. 2 0 competitive industry aggres sive, dog-eat-dog, cutthroat. ompetitor n 1 competitors ⅲ the race ( 0 ル testant, contender, challenger, participant, candidate, entrant. 2 his business CO 襯 p 甑 tO rival, opponent, adversary, antagonist; opposition. om 可ね on n 0 ( 0 襯厄明可 shO stories collection, anthology, album, corpus , gar- land, ana, collectanea. ,om 可 v gather, collect, accumulate, amass, assemble, put together, collate, marshal, organize, systematize, antholo- e. omp ce 徹 adj smug, self-satisfied, pleased with oneself, satisfied, contented, self-contented, pleased, gratified, placid, serene, bovine, self-righteous. om 可 a v com回れ側 t the 記 i 化 lodge a complaint, criticize, find fault, make a fuss;infkick up a fuss. 2 always com祕ⅲれ g grumble, grouse, gripe, moan, grouch, whine, lament, bewail; i 可 belly- ache, beef, bitch. omplaint n m 聞 ag 昨 0 印市れ g to com- plaints criticism, grievance, charge, accusa- t10 Ⅱ , protest, remonstrance, statement Of dissatisfaction; fault-finding; Law plaint. 2 wa. 〃可 com.回朝れt grumbling, grum- ble, grousing, grouse. see COMPLAIN 2.3 0 p れ角比 om れ t illness , disease, ailment, disorder, sickness, afiliction, malady. omplement n 1 the 乖け complement to the fOOd companion, addition, supplement, accessory, final/finishing touch. 2 the s 00 II complement amount, allowance, tOtal, aggregate, load, capacity, quo ね . omplement v wine complementi れ g t 厄 od complete, round/set 0 圧 add tO, go well with, 反 the perfect companion/addition tO, add the finallfinishing touch to, supple- ment. omplementary adj complemental, com- pleting, finishing, perfecting, culminative, consummative. omplete adj ユ the com回砒 co け io れ entire, whole, 血Ⅱ , total, intact, unbroken, undi- vided, uncut, unshortened, unabridged, plenary. 2 the t に is complete completed, ・ shed, ended, concluded, accomplished, finalized. 3 ロ complete absolute, out- and-out, thoroughgoing, thorough, utter, tOtal, perfect, consummate, unqualified, dyed-in-the-wool. complete v 1 complete the task finish, end, conclude, finalize, realize, accomplish, achieve , 血 lfil , execute, effect, discharge, settle, clinch, dO 靆可 wrap up, polish 0 圧 2 complete the 硼 t finish 0 圧 round 0 圧 make perfect, perfect, crown, cap, add the final/finishing touch. completely adv co 川 e 回ア exhausted totally, utterly, absolutely, thoroughly, quite, wholly, altogether. completion n finish, ending, conclusion, close, finalization, realization, accomplish- ment, achievement, fulfilment, execution, consummation. complex adj 太 0 complex b. 爽け compli- cated, diffcult, involved, intricate, ( 0 Ⅱ VO- luted, 10tty , perplexing, puzzling, ロ ) ⅱ ( , enigmatic. 2 0 complex 立川はリ composite, compound, compounded, multiple, mani- fold, multiplex, heterogenous. complex n ユ building complex lcomplex 可 g - 厄 0 れ S structure, scheme, composite, con- glomerate, aggregation, network, system, organization, synthesis. 2 ロ complex 0b0 t her れ 0 obsession, phobia, fixation, preoc- cupation, 滬き e fixe. complexion n 10 と田 i. I/. OW complexion skin, skin ( 010ur , skin colouring, skin tone, colouring, pigmentation. 2 put 0 ↑肥 w CO 襯 - plexion 0 れれ aspect, appearance, guise, lOOk, light countenance, angle. 3 his brother is 可 0 different complexion character, nature, dispo- sition, cast, stamp. complexity n the complexities Ofthe 0 寘 0 れ complication, diffculty, intricacy, convolu- tion, problem, puzzle, enigma, ramifica- tion, entanglement. compliance n ユ com包池れ偬 with the law Obe- dience, observance, abiding by, conform- lng, acquiescience, assent, agreement, accordance. 2 notedfor his CO 川刎地れ化 yield- lng, submissiveness, submission, defer- ence, passivity, subservience, sewility. complicate v make diffcult, make involvedlintricate, confuse, muddle, jum- ble, snarl up, entangle. complicated adj diffcult, involved, intri- cate, complex, convoluted, pervlexing, puz- zling, enigmatic, cryptic, entangled, Byzantine. complication n 支 meet complications diffi- culty, problem, drawback, snag, obstacle, aggravation. 2 ロ great d ビ可 com刎i tiO れ 128