359 on, facilitate, precipitate, aid, assist, help, bOOSt, increase, step up. hasty adj 1 with h 印 s swift, rapid, quick, fast, speedy, hurried, hurrying, n-ln- ning, prompt, expeditious , fleet, brisk, urgent. 2 0 h ⅵ t, / g れ化 quick, short, rapid, brief, rushed, short-lived, fleeting, trans itory, cu 0 Ⅳ , perfunct01Y, superfi- cial, slight. 3 0 h decision hurried, rushed, impetuous, reckless, rash, 01- hardy, precipitate, impulsive, headlong, heedless, thoughtless, careless, ill- conceived. 4 0 h mper/nature h0t- headed, quick-tempered, irascible, irritable, impatient, fiery, excitable, volatile, chOl- eric, snappish, snappy, brusque. hat n cap, bonnet, beret, tam-o'-shanter, tammy, hard hat, so 代 hat, trilby, bowler, top hat, deerstalker, homburg, stetson, straw hat, boater, panama, toque, cloche, pillbox, helmet, beaver, turban, fez, skull- cap, yarmulke. hatch v ユ hatch eggs incubate, brood, sit on, cover. 2 hatch chicks bring h. 3 hatch 0 scheme devise, concoct, contrive, plan, scheme, design, invent, formulate, 0 ⅱ部 - nate, conceive, dream up, think up;inf ( 00k up. hatchet n axe, cleaver, pickaxe, poleaxe, chopper, mattock, machete, tomahawk. hate v 1 his Ⅷ塘 ob loathe, detest, abhor, dislike, abominate, despise, exe- crate, have an aversion tO, feel hostile towards , be unable tO abide/bear/stand, view with dislike, be sick of, be tired of, shudder at, be repelled by, recoil 斤 om. 2 ー 社就 her 反 reluctant, 反 loath, 反 unwilling, feel dis inclined, be sorry, dis- like, not have the heart, shy away 仕 om , flinch 仕 om , shrink 仕 om. hate n 朋 1 鼬 D. hateful adj loathsome, detestable, abhor- rent, abominable, despicable, execrable, odious, revolting, repugnant, repellent, dis- gusting, obnoxious, offensive, insufferable, horrible, unpleasant, nasty, disagreeable, foul, vile, heinous. hatred n hate, loathing, detestation, abhor- rence, dislike, abomination, execration, avers ion, hostility, ill-will, enmity, animos- ity, antagonism, antipathy, animus, re 、 21- sion, repugnance, odium, rancour, grudge. haughty adj sheisso haughtyl had haughty expression proud, arrogant, conceited, self- lmportant, egotistical, vain, swollen- headed, overweemng, overbearing, presumptuous , supercilious , condescend- hasty ・ have imperious, lordly, high-handed; i れ工 on one's high horse, snooty, high and mighty, stuck-up, hoity-toity, UPPitY, uppis h. haul v 1 haulthe b0 out ofthe w 砒 drag, draw, pull, tug, heave, trail, lug, tow, take ⅲ tow, hale. 2 haul merchandise transport, convey, move, cart, carry, convoy, ship. haunt v ユ ghosts hau れ ting the castle walk, roam, visit;inf spook. 2 haunt fre- quent, be a regular client Of, visit regu- larly, spend all one' s time ⅲ靆可 hang out ⅲ , hang aboutlaround. 3 th 側な可 h 硼れ比 d him Obses s , prey on the mind 0f, prey on, torment, plague, beset, harry, dis- turb, trouble, worIY, oppress , burden, weigh on, recur tO, come back tO, stay with. haunt n thelocal ⅶ was 0 れ e s haunts stamping-ground, frequented place , favourite spot, resort, rendezvous, meeting-place;inf hang-out, 10 ( al , watering-hole. hauntlng adj 1 haunting m 化 evocative, poignant, atmospheric, wistful, disturbing, nostalgic. 2 haunting memories persistent, recurring, recurrent, indelible, unforget- table. have V 1 we ha 怩 tWO own, possess, keep, keep for one's use, use, hOld, retain, occupy. 2 we had 市祀 e cups 可 0 get, 反 gwen, receive, accept, obtain, acquire, pro- cure, secure, gain. 3 theflat h ve rooms contain, include, compnse, embrace , embody, comprehend, take ⅲ , incorporate. 4 she had 0 IOt 可比硼 b with him experience, undergo, go through, encounter, meet, find, 反 subjected tO, submit tO, suffer を om , endure, tolerate, put up with. 5 h ロ怩 0 good 目襯 e experience, e 可 OY. 6 have doubts/ misgMngs feel, entertain, have[keep[bear ⅲ mind, harbour, foster, nurse, cherish. 7 ha 怩 theimpudence ロれ swer back show, display, exhibit, demonstrate, manifest, express. 8 they had her doing their work make, cause, Oblige, require, force, coerce, induce, prevail upon, talk intO, persuade. 9 lll 怩 the 釧昨 r 0 ⅳ the 回印 ho れ e ask, request, bid, tell, give orders tO, order, command, direct, enjOin. ユ 0 she wotlt ha such ha ⅵ側 r permit, allow, put up with, tolerate, stand, brook, support, endure, abide. 岻 she had 0 daughter give birth tO, bear, deliver, 反 delivered Of, bring intO the world, bring forth, beget. 2 they cer- i れツ had ツ側 f81 , trick, take ⅲ , dupe, 0 Ⅱ t ・ wit, deceive, cheat, swindle;inf dO, diddle. 13 he と 0 碼 d that he had had 0 リ the woma れ there have sexual intercourse With, have

haven ・ head have carnal knowledge 0f; infbed, lay. have had ユ he wont れれ ow: , he's had have no chance, have no chance Of success, have no hope, be finished, be out, defeated, have IOSt. 2 ア側 had when ア 0 mo 市昨れホア側 be about to punished, 反 going tO 反 chastised, be ⅲ for a scolding; infbe for it. have on ユ she had on 0 blue dress wear, 反 wearing, be dres sed ⅲ , clothed ⅲ . 2 ー ha som 就れ g 佩 t have planned, have arranged, 反 committed tO, have on the agenda. 3 50Ee0 on tease, jOke with, play a jOke on, trick, play a trick on, pull someone's 厄 g 靆可 d. 4 the po ⅱ h ロ something 0 れ him have informa- tion about, have evidence against, know something badlincriminating about. have tO ha 怩加 cl れ thefloor must, have got tO, be bound to, be obliged to, 反 under an obligation tO, 反 forced tO, compelled tO. haven n 1 ゆ s 明月 0 h 印 harbourage, po , anchorage, moorage, dock, cove, bay. 2 た g s 記戓ⅲ g 0 れ refuge, shelter, sanctuary, asylum, retreat, sanctum, sanctum sanctorum, covert. haversack n knapsack, rucksack, back ・ pack, satchel, kitbag. havoc n 1 角立 ca ⅲ“田れ g havoc devastation, destruction, damage, ruma- tion, ruin, rack and れ一ⅲ , despoliation, rav- agmg, waste, wreckage, gutting, desolation, extermination, disaster, cata- strophe, cataclysm. 2 the v ⅲ the rootn when the ( h d れ chaos, disorder, ( on 血 - sion, disruption, disorganization, mayhem, infshambles. hawk v peddle, sell, market, vend, doorstep, CIY, tout; Amer bark. hawker n pedlar, door - to 00r salesman, travelling salesman, barrow boy, huckster, vendor, cner, colporteur. hay n straw, pasturage, fodder, forage, feed make hay whlle the sun shlnes make the most Of an oppoftunity, capitalize on an advantageous situation, exploit an oppor- tune occasion, strike while the iron is hOt, carpe diem, seize the day. haywire adj go haywlre go wrong, go out Of control, become disorganized, cease tO function properly. hazard n 1 角化 haz ホ 0 れ thejoumey dan- ger, peril, risk, jeopardy, threat, menace. 2 0 game hazard chance, accident, luck, contingency, fortuity, fortuitousness. hazard v 1 hazard ロお s venture, put for- ward, proffer, Offer, submit, advance, VO ト unteer. 2 hazard ⅲⅵ竰 risk, put at risk, 360 endanger, expose tO danger, imperil, put ⅲ jeopardy, jeopardize. hazardous adj 10 h do j 側 m danger- ous, danger-filled, risky, ⅱ lous , fraught h danger/risklperil, precarious, unsafe, msecure, threatening, menacing; lit par- 10 s 靆可 ( ey , hai1Y. 2 4 h 砒 0 「 dO 怩れ 0 n tO chance, chancy, risky, uncertain, unpredictable, precarious , speculative. haze n ユ 0 h ロ covered the to 既 mist, film of mist, mistiness, fog, cloud, cloudines s, smog, vapour. 2 her 癇れ d isi れ 0 立砒 e ofhaze vagueness, confusion, muddle, befuddle- ment, bewilderment, obscurity, dimness, indistinctness. hazy adj 10 h ッ day misty, foggy, cloudy, smogw, overcast. 2 ha memones vague, indefinite, blurred, z , muzzy, faint, confused, muddled, unclear, obscure, dim, indistinct, ill-defined. head n 1 his head skull, cranium, poll, sconce; infpate, nut, noddle, conk, bonce. 2 has good head ツ硼 r head mind, intellect, intelligence, brain, brains, men- tality, wit, wits, wisdom, sense, reasomng, rationality, understanding;inf loaf, upper storey, grey matter. 3 0 headfor business mind, brain, aptitude, ability, capacity, flair, talent, faculty. 4 the head ofthe 0 鵬 0 ⅲ - 加 on 畑 am / S 朝れ 0 0 れ leader, chief, com- mander, director, chairman, managlng director, manager, superintendent, troller, administrator, supervisor, captain, principal, headmaster, headmistress , head teacher, governor, president, premier, pnme minister, headman. 5 the head thefim top, command, control, controls, charge, leadership, headship, directorship. 6 at the head 可 the hill top, summit, peak, crest, crown, tip, brow, apex, vertex. 7 砒 the 面可 e e front, fore, forefront, van, vanguard. 8 ma e coming tO 0 head climax, culmination, crisis , critical point, turning-point, crossroads. 9 砒 the head 可 the S ea 襯 origln, source, fountain-head, fount, well-head, well-spring, headwater. 10 0 on the froth, foam, lather, suds. 紙 0 れ di れ g 0 れ the head oki れ g い 0 0 headland, promontory, point, cape, foreland. 12 the matetial な t 記聞 d Ⅷル ous h 田ホ heading, category, class, classifi- cation. see HEADING 1. 13 tushed to the 面 to 引ⅸ toilet, lavatory, WC, bathroom, water-closet, latrine;inf 100 , bog; Amer ー可 jOhn, can. go tO one's head 1 the ⅵれ e has gone tO my head make intoxicated, intoxi- cate, make dizzy, make someone's head spin;infmake W00 . 2 theirpraise we れい 0 her head make conceited/arrogant/boastful, puffup. head 博 t headfirst do 、Ⅷ -

heap ・ heart flourishing, hale and hearty, hale, hearty, bursting with health, blooming, active; inf ⅲ the pink. 2 0 he climate health- gving, salubrious, invigorating, bracing, stimulating, refreshing, tonic. 3 0 h 田比 diet health-giving, healthful, good for one, nutritious, nourishing, wholesome, benefi- ieap n 1 a heap oftubbish pile, stack, mass, mound, mountain, stockpile, accumula- tion, collection, lOt, assemblage, amass- ment, aggregation, agglomerauon, conglomeration, hoard, store, StOCk, sup- ply. 2 0 叩可比硼 e a 10t , IOts, a great deal, an abundance, plenty, a superabun- dance; infloads, tons. 3 st 0 叩可 mo れー eam h 田 m 佩 a IOt, IOts, a great deal, abundance, considerable quantities , huge quantities, plenty, a mint; infoodles, loads, tons, pots, stacks, lashings. ieap v 1 叩叩の / mo れ pile up, stack, amass, stockpile, mound, accumulate, C01- lect, assemble, hoard, store, store up, stock up, set aside, lay by. 2 heap ア ra 師れ 0 れ him bestow, confer, shower, gwe, grant, assign, load, burden. tear v 1 does れ ot hear have the sense of hearing, perceive sound, have the faculty Of hearing, have the auditory faculty. 2 ー t 印記と I did れ t hear what he 滬 catch, take ⅲ , overhear;infget, latch on to. 3 we heard 砒 was deadlhow 市 d 側 h appointment? be informed, tOId, be made aware, receive lnformation, find out, dis- cover, learn, gather, pick up, be given to understand, hear tell, get wind. 4 the chief judge heard the case t1Y, judge, pass judge- ment 0 Ⅱ , ajudicate, examine, investigate, lnquire intO, consider. learing n ユ his hearing poor power of hearing, facultylsense ofhearing, ability to hear, aural facul 呼 , audit01Y perception. 2 give 50me0 れ e 0 heating chance tO speak, opportunity tO express one's point ofview, opportunity tO 反 heard, chance tO put one's side Of the StOIY, interview, audience. 3 ヴ were within hearing earshot, hearing distance/range, reach, carrying range, range ofone's VOice, audit01Y range. 4 - sent 砒 the hearing inquiry, trial, inquest, investigatlon, inquisition, revie 、・ , examina- ⅱ on. learsay n accordi れ g to h 田 , is ロ t げ rumour, gos sip, tittle-tattle, tattle, com- mon talk, common knowledge, idle talk, mere talk, report, talk Of the town, word Of mouth, 0 れ dit; infbuzz, grapevine. leart n 1 his h 田れ ' t nghtinfticker. 2 love her with ロ〃 h 田 passion, love, affection, 362 emotions, feelings. 3 厄 has れ 0 heatt tender feelings, tenderness, 、 emoUons, com- passion, sympathy, empathy, responsive- ness tO others, humanity, fellow feeling, concern for others, pathos, goodwill humanitarianism, benevolence, kindness , kindliness, brotherly love. 4 ー don't ha 怩 the h 加 go 0 れ holtday spirit, enthusiasm, keenness, eagerness, liveliness. 5 heroes ⅲ市田 t h 田れ courage, bravery, valour, intrepidity, fearlessness, heroism, stout- heartedness , boldness , pluck, mettle, back- bone, nerve, fortitude, purpose, resolution, determination; inf 部耽 s , spunk, gumption. 6 the heatt Ofthe ma / なれⅳ e e centre, cen- tral part, core, nucleus, middle, kernel, essential part, hub, quintessence, essence, crux, marro 、 pith, substance, substance. after one's own heart 0 ア e 0 れ / holiday 0 弁 my 0 、Ⅷ h 印 ofthe kind that one likes, tO one's liking, attractive tO one, favoured by one, desirable. at heart h he ロ kind ma れ basically, fundamen- tally, at bottom, ⅲ essence, essentially, intrinsically, innately, ⅲ reality, really, ⅲ fact, actually, tmly, ⅲ tn.ith. by heart arn h は offby heart, by rote, word for word, pat, 0 価 pat, by memory, parrot- fashion. 00 one's heart good do someone good, give someone pleasure, please, glad- den, make happy, cheer, delight, gratifr, satisfr. eat one's heart 0 瞰 jilted IO 怩 eat- ing their h どロ S 0 リ t sorrow, gneve, mourn, ache, suffer, agomze, pine, mope, fret, regret, brood,repine, be filled with e Ⅱめ′ . om the bO om Of one's heart 叩 0 ze 介 om the om 可川 y h with all one's heart, profoundly, deeply, sincerely, devoutly, heartily, fewently, passionately. have a change Of heart 市 had 0 曲 0 れ ge 可 h ロ bO 砒 moving change one' s mind, change one's tune, have a rethink. have a heart have ロ h 囮 and let them offbe kind, be merciful, be lenient, be compassionate, be sympathetic, be considerate. have one's heart set on the little girl れれ h set 0 れ the dOII long for, yearn for, desire, be desirous Of, wish for, want badly, crave. heart and SO d 0 惚 0 h and soul tO the project enthusiastically, eagerly, zealous ly, wholeheaftedly, gladly, with open arms , thoroughly, completely, entirely, absolutely.lose one ' 5 heart tO shelost her h 加 0 so 旧 i fall ⅲ love with, fall for, take a likinglfancy to, become infatuated with. take hea ta 雇 h 田介 om thefact that ア側 did better than ma れ others cheer up, brighten up, be heartened, be encouraged, be comforted, perk up, revive, derive comfort/satisfaction 朝 om ⅱ可 buck up. wlth one's heart one's mouth she

0 ⅲ ted ・ d 0 部 terested, unconcerned, uninvolved, unre- sponsive, indifferent, bored, apathetic, blasé. disjointed n ユ 0 disjointed 地 incoherent, unconnected, disconnected, without unity, ununified, discontinous ,rambling, wander- ing, disorganized, confused, disordered, fit- 血 1 , spasmodic, aimless, directionless. 2 d 可 Oi れ t 記 limbs dislocated, displaced, dis- membered, disconnected, severed, sepa- rated, disarticulated, torn apart, disunited. dislike v have no liking for, have an aver- sion tO, regard with distastelanimosity, fi 1 hostility towards , unable tO tolerate/ stomach, hold ⅲ disfavour, disfavour, have no taste for, Object tO, hate, detest, loathe, abominate, abhor, despise, scorn, shun, have a grudge against, execrate, disrelish, antipathize. dlslike n aversion, disapproval, disapproba- tion, distaste, animosity, hostility, antipa- thy, antagonism, disinclination, disfavour, disesteem, hate, detestation, loathing, dis- gust, repugnance, enmity, abhorrence, dis- relish, animus. dislocate v ユ dislocate 0 bone put out of jOint, put out Of place, displace, disjoint, disconnect, disengage; Med luxate. 2 市 s cate 回 0 れ引 dislocate 0 ⅳれ北 disrupt, dis- turb, throw into disorderldisarrayl conftsion, confuse, disorganize, mess up, disorder, disaiTange, turn topsy turvy dislodge v remove, displace, force out, oust, eject, evict, unseat; infsack. 可 oy adj unfaithful, faithless, false, false-hearted, untrue, inconstant, untrust- worthy, treacherous, perfidious, traitorous, disaffected, subversive , seditious , unpatri- Otic, renegade, apostate, dissident, tWO- faced, double-dealing, deceitful. 山引 oya lty n unfaithfulness, infidelity, faithlessness, breach oftrust, breaking Of faith, falseness, false-heartedness, falsity, inconstancy, untrustworthiness, treachery, perfidy, treason, disaffection, subversion, sedition, apostasy, dissidence, double deal- ing, ⅲ ( faith. 山 sm adj 1 children 0 日れ g dismal gloomy, sad, unhappy, miserable 、 wretched, despondent, disconsolate, sorrowful solemn, blue, melancholy, morose, WO begone, forlorn, lugubrious. 2 dismal た roundings gloomy, dreary, bleak, drab, dull, dark, dingy, cheerless, desolate, depress- ing, grim, funereal, comfortless, inhos- pitable, uninviting. 3 0 dismal e 化可 work bad, poor, inept, bungling, disgraceful. 210 sma 飛 v take apart, take to pieces, dis- assemble, pull apart, tear down, demolish, fell, destroy. dismay v dismayed the app ra れ化可市 e police disconcert, take aback, startie, sur- prise, shock, disturb, perturb. upset, jOlt, unsettle, unnerve, unman, alarm, frighten, scare. 2 市 s 襯 d theirfailure discourage, put 0 圧 dishearten, dispirit, cast down, depress, disappoint, daunt, abash. sm s v dismissedfrom thefimfor 市印 give notice tO, discharge, expel, cashier, remove, oust, eject, lay 0 圧 make/declare redundant, deselect; を可 sack, give the sack to, fire, give one one's cards[books, give one one's marching orders , send packmg, give the pushlboot/heave-ho tO 、 bOOt 0 Ⅱ t. 2 dismiss an mb / an れ ) , disband, dis- perse, dissolve, discharge, send away, let go, release, free. 3 市 s ⅲ i 0 h thoughts put away, banish, think no more Of, put out Of one's mind, set[lay aside, abandon, have done with, reject, drop, disregard, repudiate, spurn, pooh - pooh. dismissal n ユ his 市 sm om thefirrn notice, discharge, expulsion, removal, ejec- ⅱ on 可 the sack, sacking, firing, the push, the bOOt, the heave-ho. see DISMISS 1. 2 the dismissal 可 the “襯 b ツ disbandment, dis- persal, dissolution, discharge, permission tO go/depart/leave, release, CO れ g 邑 引 502 山 ence n insubordination, unruli- ness, waywardness, indiscipline, rebellion, defiance, mutiny, revolt, recalcitrance, delinquency, non-compliance, infraction, perversity, naughtiness, mischievousness, mischief, contumacy. see DISOBEDIFM. d 02 e 飛 adj insubordinate, unruly, wayward, undisciplined, rebellious , defi- ant, mutinous, recalcitrant, intractable, w ⅱ血 1 , refractory, obstreperous, disorderly, delinquent, non-compliant, perverse, naughty, mischievous, contra.ty, contuma- CIOUS. d 02Y v defy, not comply with 、 disregard, flout, contravene, infringe, overstep, resist, rebel against, fly ⅲ the face Of, transgress, violate, set at naught. dlsobliging adj unhelpful, uncooperative, unaccommodating, unfriendly, unsympa- thetic, discourteous , uncivil. d 0 e ー n 1 tidy 叩 the disorder untidiness, mess, chaos, muddle, clutter, jumble, ( 0 Ⅱ - fusion, disorderliness , disarray, disorgani- zation;infshambles. 2 を 0 ⅱ化ⅲ g the 山 sord disturbance, disruption, tumult, riOt, breach Of the peace, fracas, rumpus, brouhaha, mélée, unrest. 3 口市 so げ可廰 e

V111 HO 川 0 ms GUIDE TO THE THESAURUS Certain words have the same spelling but different meamngs and different origins (etymologies). Such words, known as homonyms, are treated as separate headwords, even when they have the same part of speech. They are distinguished by homonym numbers. For example: capel n w 冂れ 0 と厄ⅸ cape cloak, mantle, shawl, wrap, poncho, pelis se , pelerine, domino, cope. c a pe2 n drowned 0 the headland, head, point, promontory, neck, tongue , peninsula. When headwords have different homonym numbers and dif- ferent parts of speech, the entries with the same homonym numbers are etymologically related. For instance: bankl n 0 grassy ba れ slope, rise, incline,.. bankl v bank 0 れ aircraft tilt, slope, slant,.. bank2 n bo ow 介 0 襯 the と0れk... high-street bank, clearing bank bank2 v ⅸ the 襯 0 れ deposit, save, save up,.. ln this case, the noun bankl (a grassy bank) and the verb bankl ()0 bank an aircraft) are etymologically related. Similarly, the noun ba n k2 and the verb ba n k2 are als 0 etymologically related. Homonym numbers are glven ⅲ order to distinguish identi- cal headwords with the same part of speech for the purposes of cross-referencing. If the headwords are identical and the parts Of speech differ, there can be no ambiguity in cross references and homonym numbers are not used. This does not neces- sarily imply that the different part-of-speech entries have the s ame etymolo ,. lhe ⅵぉ Each ent1Y contains a list of words that are synonyms of the headword; i. e. the words can be used ⅲ place of the headword ⅲ most (although not all) contexts. When a word has more than one meaning, the different senses Of the word are numbered.

583 parody n 02 可 0 go 物化れ el bur- lesque, lampoon, satire, pastiche• carica- ture, mimicry, take-off; infspoof, send-up. 2 was 0 2 ア 0 工化 travesty, poor imitation, nusrepresentation, pewersion' corruption. parody v 2 y 0 れ operatic 0 0 burlesque, 1an12 Ⅱ , satirize, caricature, mimic, take off,infsend up. paroxysm n aparoxysm ofcoughing/rage 蹴 , attack, ( on 、 iO Ⅱ , spasm, seizure, out- burst, outbreak, eruption. parrot v 曲 dr patT0ting the 比 h S words repeat, echO, copy, rmitate, mimic, ape• take 0 圧 parry v ュを an ア 0 ow ward 0 圧厄 d 0 圧 stave 0 圧 turn aside, avert, deflect, block, rebuff, repel, repulse, hold at bay. 2 pamy 0 ☆ w d q 02 avoid, dodge, evade, elude, steer clear 0f, sidestep, circumvent, t shy or, 可 d Ⅱ parsimonious adj mean, miserly, nig- gardly, tight-fisted, close-fisted, close• neam grasping, money-grubbing, Scrooge-like scrimping, skimping, penny-pinching' cheese-panng, penurious, ungenerous;inf stingy, tight, mingy ・ parsimony n meanness, miserliness, mg- gardliness, closeness, tight-fistedness, close-fistedness;infstinginess, tightness. see PARSIMONIOUS. Pa200 n priest, vicar, rector, minister, rev- erend, pastor, cleruman, cleric, chaplain• ecclesiastic, churchman, man of the clO 山 , man ofG0d, preacher, divine. 戒 n 四れ可 h ーゆ 0 可。れ 0 れ ge portion, division, section• segment' bit, piece, fragment, scrap, slice• fractiom chunk, wedge. 2 平 0 20 s component' bit' constituent, element, module. 3 と面ア ? 0 ホー ア 0 s 可物 e d, ア organ, member, limb. 4 0 れ れれ 0 、Ⅷア 0 可市 e ( 0 れ t ワ sectiom regon, sector, quarter, territ01Y, neigh- Ⅱ r 0 面 . 5 0 が ay i れ sev 0 V01- ume, Ok , section, episode. 6 his 20 the 可 e は function, ro 厄 , jOb, ね s work• chore, responsibility, capacity, participa- tion, duty, charge. 7 Y the 可 Ham role, character. 8 his 20 れ lines, words. 9 0 ma れ可 ma れア pa 5 talent, gift, ability, capability, capacity, skill, attribute. ー物・ most part for the most 20 are b on the whOle, ⅲ the main, by and large, all ⅲ all, generally, t0 詛 intents and pur- mostly. g00 せ part 地 the g go pa good-naturedly, g(X)d- humouredly, without offence, cheerfully well. part s 乢 c 5 due ⅲ四 go partly, partially, t0 a certain extentldegree, parody ・ pa ね慊 ) tO some extent/degree, somewhat, ⅲ some measure. on the part Of 明 0 れ the 四れ 可 e 面 m t れ his 四 made by, done by, carried out by, caused by, by. ね k ・ part 地ア 0 ⅲ the Ot お t participate ⅲ , jOin ⅲ , engage ⅲ , play a part ⅲ , contribute tO' be associated with, associate oneself with, involved ⅲ , share ⅲ , have a hand ⅲ , have something tO dO with, partake ⅲ . take 30Ee0 れ e ' 5 杙 , take the part Of 地雇 his mother's ⅲ the q 0 汀 e 日 take the 20 可 w k ca れ di 面 5 take the side Of, side with, support, back, back up, abet, aid and alRt. part v the crowd 四記 t0 thepolice 市 ro リ幼 divide, divide ⅲれ 0 , separate, split, split ⅲ two, break up, sever. disjoin. 2 the ア oli 化 20 i れ g the ffOWd divide sepa- rate, split up, break sever• cleave. 3 ( 側・ deciding 加 pa separate, seeklget a separation, split up, break part com- pany, go their etc separate ways' divorce' get divorced, seek/get a divorce. 4 exchange s 記 5 0 ⅲれ g take one's departure. take one's leave, leave, go, go away, say goodbyelfarewellladieu, say one's goodbyes separate; infsplit, push 0 圧 hit the road. part with 四 with her ー t 工硼れホ give up, relinquish, forgo, surrender, let go Of' renounce, sacrifice, yield, cede. part adj ユ pa payment partial, half. 2 0 20 ル c 側怩 on 可物 e building paftial, half, semi-, demi-. partake v 0 れれ the ro st take part ⅲ , participate ⅲ , 」 0 ⅲⅲ , engage ⅲ , play a part ⅲ , contribute tO, be associated with' oneselfwith, be involved ⅲ , share ⅲ , have a hand ⅲ , have something tO dO with. 2 pa れ e 可朝襯碼 cheer con- sume, eat, take, receive, share in. 3 their ma れれロ 00 可ⅲ SO れ化 suggest, have the qualitieslattributes Of, hint dence, demonstrate, exhibit, show. p 可 adj 0 ⅲ 0 い 0 tio れ / ecl e part, ⅲ part, limited, incomplete, imperfect, frag- mentary. 2 0 pattialjudgement/judge biased, prejudiced, partisan, coloured, one-sided, discriminatory, preferential, interested, unjust, unfair, inequitable. partlal tO 20 加面ⅸ ( h 0 lalways 0 れ i 加 li 面 in the れ have a liking fon like• love, have a fondness for, 反 fond 0f, 反 keen 0 Ⅱ , have a weakness/taste fom have a so 代 spot for, be taken with' care for• have a predilectionlproclivitylpenchant r. partiality n ユ ( 0 れ襯れ 20 用可 judge bias, prejudice, partisanshiP' dis nation, preference, favouritism, unjust- ness, unfairness, inequity. 2 theirpattiality

G U I D E T 0 T H E T H E S AU RU S barbaric adj. … see BARBARIAN 0 の 1. gwen. For example: necessary, the part Of speech and sense number are alSO Cross-reference tO main entries is indicated by small capitals. Cross References 0 圧 order away celebration need, require, be grounds 危 r ,... ca 0ff ca れ 0 t dogs order call 〃 out ⅲをれ cry, cry out, shout, exclaim... 0a翡 for this for 0 For example : Verb phrases are included as sub-entries under their maln entry. Sub-entries A 血Ⅱ list of labels used ⅲ the Thesautus is given later. sprog; SCOts bairn; Med neonate. baby n holding 0 寘 ba infant, newborn, child, babe, tiny tot; inf fields. For example: groups when they are used ⅲ different regions or ln particular ・け 0 ね d usage Synonyms have been separated into labelled le label infapplies to all the words following ⅲ the group. prate, drivel, bleat, cackle; inf rabbit, waffle, run on. babble v.. .jabber, gibber, gabble, burble, chatter, mutter, mumble, slang levels 0f usage. For example: inf. NO dis tinction is made between colloquial, informal, and EngIish have been grouped at the end oflists and given the label ・加′ m Ⅳ 0 ′ 5 Words that are not used ⅲ standard formal for the word car. separately because they are types 0f car, rather than synonyms Here, words such as m 硼れ e and hatchback have been grouped

~ 側 d into the 面ⅸ 0 化 with her h ⅲ her mouth ⅲ fear, fearfully, with apprehension, apprehensively, with fear and trembling, with alarm, with trepidation, with bated breath. heartache n sorrow, grief, sadness, 田 1 部ⅱ sh , pain, hurt, agony, suffering, m1S- ery, wretchednes s , despair, desolation, despondency, woe; 翫 dOlour. heartbreaklng adj れ田はⅳ田 ki れ g e 篳 e heart-rending, sad, pitiful, poignant, trag1C, painful, agonizing, distressing, desolating, affecting, grievous , bitter, CI el , harsh, harrowing, tear-jerking, excruciating. hea rtbroken adj broken-hearted, heartsick, miserable, sorrowful, sad, anguished, suf- fering, grieving, grieved, dejected, dispir- ited, disheartened, downcast, disconsolate, crestfallen, disappointed, crushed, deso- late, despondent, ⅲ 10W spirits. heartburn n dyspepsia, indigestion, brash; Med pyrosis. hearten V cheer, cheer up, raise the spirits Of, invigorate, revitalize, energize, animate, revivifr, exhilarate, uplift, elate, comfort, encourage, buoy up, pep up; infbuck up, give a ShOt ⅲ the arm tO. heartfelt adj ホ his 0 可 &lt sympathy deepfelt, deeply felt, deep, profound, wholehearted, sincere, honest, devout, gen- uine, unfeigned, earnest, ardent, fewent, passionate, kindly, warm, cordial, enthusi- asüc, eager. heartily adv ユ thanked/welcomed them 0 用 warmly, cordially, feelingly, 斤 om the bOt- tom ofone's heart, deeply, profoundly, wholeheartedly, sincerely, genuinely, unfeignedly. 2 eat h 田れれ y with eagerness, eagerly, with enthusiasm, enthusiastically, zealously, earnestly, vigorously, energeti- cally, resolutely. 3 dislike him h 田ⅲ lam h ⅲツ可 weather very much, com- pletely, totally, absolutely, thoroughly. hea rtless adj unfeeling, unsympathetic, uncompassionate, unkind, uncanng, unmoved, untouched, cold, cold-hearted, cold-blooded, hard-hearted, cruel, harsh, stern, hard, brutal, merciless , pitiless, ruth- less. heart-rending adj heartbreaking, sad, piti- 血 1 , painful, distressing, affecting, harrow- ing, tear-jerking. see HEARTBRFAKING. heartsick adj sick at heart, heavy-hearted, heartsore, dejected, downcast, dispirited, depressed, despondent, disappointed. heart-to-heart adj 0- h 田れ - to - h 印回 inti- mate, personal, unreserved, candid, frank, open ・ heart-to-heart n have 0 h ル to - h 田れ téte-å- téte, cosy chat. heart ・ warming adj 10 heatt-waming s ワ touching, moving, affecting, warming, cheering, cheerful, gladdening, encourag- ing, uplifting. 2 0 heatt-wamingjob gratifr- ing, satisfring, rewarding, pleasing. hearty adj ユ 0 h 印喞 welcome enthusiastic, eager, warm-hearted, warm, cordial, jovial, friendly, affable, unreserved, uninhibited, ebullient, exuberant, effusive. 2 0 h れッ dislike wholehearted, complete, to ね 1 , absolute, thorough, genuine, unfeigned. 3 0 h 田ア y 側れ 0 ma れ strong, robust, hardy, vigorous, stalwart, healthy, sound, sturdy, active, energetic, hale, hale and hearty. 4 0 heatty meal substantial, solid, abundant, ample, sizeable, filling, nutri- tious, nourishing. heat n ユ the heat melted the ice hotness, warmth, warmness, calefaction, torridness. 2 the heat 可襯 m hotness, warmth, sul- triness, torridness , torridity, swelter, heat- wave, h0t spell, dog days. 3 the heat 可 e childfrightened her high temperature, fever, feverishness, febrility, febricity, flush; Med pyrexia. 4 平 e udth heat warmth, passion, vehemence, intensity, ardour, fervour, fer- fewidness, zeal, eagerness, enthusi- asm, animation, earnestness, excitement, agitation. heat v 1 heat the m れ warm, warm up, make hOt, make warm, reheat, COOk ⅱ可 hOt, hOt up. 2 the day heated 叩 grow hOt, grow warm, become hotterlwarmer, get hotter/warmer. 3 the 礰 m 明 t heated 叩 grew pas sionate/vehementlfierce/angry. see HEATED 1.4 the 切 seemed tO have heated him arouse, rouse, excite, inflame, stimu- late, stir, animate, anger, make angry, enrage. heated adj ユ 0 heated 襯明 t passionate, vehement, fierce, angry, furious, stormy, tempestuous, frenzied, ragmg, intense, rmpassioned, violent. 2 bOth 20 れ i お were rather heated excited, roused, animated, inflamed, angry, furious , enraged. heater n electric heater, gas heater, convec- tor heater, fan heater, S torage heater, radi- ator, brazier,• car heater, heater, immersion heater. heathen n 1 ⅶ 0 れ 0 ⅱお converti れ g heathens unbeliever, infidel, pagan, idolater/idola- tress, atheist, disbeliever, agnostic, sceptic, heretic. 2 厄れホ invaded り heathens barbar- lan, savage. heathen adj 1 co れ verti れ g 0 heathen hea- thenish, infidel, pagan, godless , irreligious , idolatrous, atheistic, agnostic, heretical.

hapless adj the hapless 朝れ d b ロれ t0 oy unlucky, luckless, out Of luck, unfortunate, ill-starred, forlorn, wretched, woebegone, unhappy;inf down on one' s luck. happen v 1 the accident happened 砒 dawn take place, occur, come about, come tO pass, present itself, arise, materialize, appear, come intO being, chance, arrive, transpire, crop up, develop, supervene, eventuate; infcome 0 圧 2 what happened tO her? become of, befall, betide. 3 1 ha ア印 tO meet her chance, have the good/bad for- tune tO, be someone's fortunelmisfortune tO. 4 ha. ? 印叩 0 れ hidden t chance upon, stumble on, discover unexpectedly, find, meet by chance, encounter. happening n occurrence, event, incident, occasion, affail ・ , C1rcumstance, action, case, phenomenon, eventuality, episode, experi- ence, adventure, scene, proceedings , chance. happily adv ユ I 団 happily go with pleas- ure, gladly, delightedly, willingly, freely, contentedly, enthusiastically, with all one's heart and SO ⅲ . 2 c れ ild れ 0 れ g ha. アツ cheerfully, merrily, gaily, light-heartedly, joyfully, bli 山 e ツ . HAPPY 1.3 happily, it 加 rn out 0 Ⅱ tight luc , fortunately, as luck would have it, providentially. happiness n cheerfulness, cheeriness, mer- riness, gaiety, good spirits, high spirits, light-heartedness, joy, joyfulness, joviality, glee, blitheness, carefreeness, enjoyment, gladness, delight, exuberance, elation, ecstasy, bliss, blissfulness, euphoria, trans- ports. 5 HAPPY 1. happy adj 1 ん 0 アの , 朝れ靃明 cheerful, cheery, merry, gay, ⅲ good spirits, ⅲ high spirits, light-hearted, jO ) れⅱ , joyous, jovial, gleeful, buoyant, blithe, blithesome, carefree, untroubled, smiling, glad, delighted, exu- berant, elated, ecstatic, blissful, euphoric, overjoyed, thrilled, ⅲ seventh heaven, over the moon, floating/walking on air;inf on cloud nine, on top 0f the world. 2 れ ap 5 ア側 glad, pleased, delighted, contented, satisfied, gratified, thrilled. 3 happy 市 0 れ lucky, fortunate, favourable, advan- tageous , beneficial, helpful, opportune, timely, convenient, propitious, auspiC10us. 4 0 れ叩 choice apt, appropriate, fitting, fit, good, right, proper, seemly. happy-go-lucky adj he's w ロ y い 0 物叩 - go - んⅸ y 物碼 such 0 ha. 2 ツ - go - y 川 0 れれ care- free, light-hearted, devil-may-care, blithe, free and easy, easygoing, nonchalant, casual, untroubled, unworried, uncon- cerned, insouciant, heedless, irresponsible, improvident. hara ngue n lecture, tirade, diatribe, speech, talk, sermon, exhortation, decla- mation, oration, address, homily, perora- tion; inf spiel. れ a 55 v 1 れ d れ harassing their mother bother, pester, annoy, exasperate, worry, fret, disturb, agitate, provoke, badger, hound, torment, pla 肥 , persecute, harry, tease, bait, nag, molest, bedevil;infhassle, g1Ve someone a hard time, drive up the wall. 2 troops harassing the enemy harry, attack repeatedly, raid, beleaguer, press hard, oppress. れ a ssed adj h d アロ re れな distraught, under pressure, stressed, stress , strained, worried, careworn, troubled, vexed, agitated, fretting; infhassled. harbinger n herald, forerunner, precursor, usher, announcer, av れ t イ 0 リ er , sign, por- tent, omen, augury ・ harbour n ユ shipsin ha 側 r po , anchor- age, haven, dock, harbourage, marina. 2 0 覊 0 r 花 ge お place of safety, refuge, shelter, haven, sanctuary, retreat, asylum, sanctum, ( ove . harbour v ユ ha 側「 criminals give shelter to, shelter, house, IOdge, put up, take ⅲ , bil- let, provide refuge for, shield, protect, con- ceal, hide, secrete. 2 れ 0 側 r resentment nurse, nurture, maintain, hOld on tO, cher- ish, chng tO, retain, entertain, brood over. れ a adj 1 hard 硼れ d firm, solid, solidified, compact, compacted, condensed, close- packed, compres sed, dense, rigid, stiff, unyielding, resistant, unmalleable, inflexi- ble, unpliable, tough, strong, stony, rock- like. 2 hard si work arduous, strenuous, heavy, uring, fatiguing, exhausting, back-breaking, laborious , rig- orous, exacting, formidable, tough, diff- cult, uphill, toilsome, Herculean. 3 0 hard 0 em diffcult, complicated, complex, involved, intricate, puzzling, perplexing, baffling, knotty, thorny, bewildering, enig- matic, insoluble, insolvable, unfathomable, incomprehensible. 4 ロ hard 襯 t harsh, hard-hearted, severe, stern, ( 01d , ( 01d - hearted, unfeeling, unsympathetic, grim, ruthless , oppressive, tyrannical, pitiless, merciless , unrelenting, unsparing, lacking compas sion, callous, cruel, vicious , implacable, obdurate, unyielding, unjust, unfair. 5 hard living CO れ d ⅲ 0 れ s diffcult, grim, harsh, unpleasant, disagreeable, uncomfortable, intolerable, unendurable, unbearable, insupportable, distressing, painful, disastrous , calamitous. 6 0 hard と IOW 水れ r ( e 血 1 , violent, hea 、ツ, strong, powerful, sharp, fierce, harsh. 7 0 hard

This book is dedicated to Stewart and Trina Kirkpatrick without whose gentle nudging and tactful reminders 0f deadlines this b00k might well never have been finished.