1177 more crime and pun ishment, people's sexual behaviour etc mo ・「 a55 / m ざ、〃 1 [singularl a complicated and confusing situation that is very difficult tO get out Of: [ + 0 幻 We e 尾 bogged 面 u,' ″加 0 襯 orass 可、鹿〃 . 2 [CI especia 〃 ), literarya dangerous area 0fS0ft wet ground; MARSH mo 「・ a ・ tO ・「 i ・ um ん mn 「 0 ' t3 : ⅱ om 旧 mo : - / 〃 [C usually singular] 1 an official stopping Of an activity for a period Of time: ド onl the proposed 襯 or 砒の・ⅲ襯 0 〃 nuclear ⅲ g 2 alaw or an agr 、 eement that gives people more time tO pay their debts E0「・ bid / ・ mo : 可町・ mo : 「 - / 0 の 1 havinga strongand unhealthy interest in unpleasant subjects, especially death: 〃 2 0 厩のん no 田 0 〃 the mo 功 〃 sa わ 0 eacci 厩 . 第襯 or わ . 厄 sc 加 0 行 0 ″ u ゾ肭 加 s 作リ襯 e 〃な 0 工 r ル尾 2 c わ〃 0 / connected with or caused by a disease: 0 mot ・ bid gene —morbidly adv—morbidity れ [U] mo 「・ dant / 、 mo : dont 『 mo : 司 0 の mordant criticism/ wit/humour ル r 襯 0 / cruel and insulting criticism, wit etc SI mo 「 el /mo:llmo:r/ adv 1 [ + adj/advl having a WI particular quality or characteristic to a greater degree than someone or something elsel more interesting/expensive etc We ca な make the 立 more 市工れ c リ〃の , adding 0 time 襯 i れ could have わ〃〃加 c れ 0 〃わ砒 it's mo 〃ん el. ) , のわ 0 わ een SO 襯わ ing ) , 0 レ 0 3 more interesting/expensive etc than Ⅳわ 0 knows e 尾 are beings 襯 0 advanced 0 〃 ourselves 0 レーで 0 〃 Other 〃〃 e な much/a lot/far more Ma 可 the 〃 d 尾″ feel ″Ⅲ c わ襯 0 尾 CO 〃カ de 〃ー既の , or んⅲ gro レ盟 s. —opposite LESS2 ( 1 ) 2 used tO say that something happens more Often or for a longer time than before or than something else: 〃 23 襯 0 〃 aged の襯 0 the わ asicso. 工″〃なわリ行 e s の〃 rac れ cea わな mo 尾 more than Businesses レ se mmputers mo 尾 0 〃肭の , used ね . lfar/much/a lotmore 〃égo お 0 ″ー 0 / 襯 0 ″ 0 田 he わ as the c の・ . —opposite LESS2 ( 1 ) 3 used tO say that something such as a feeling or opinion is felt or believed tO a greater degree: ー CO d 〃 7 agree more.l morethanlt's ん催 m の襯ー dis れん e , mo 0 〃 u 市砒 she ac ル 0 め , says.l much/far/a IOt more She cares - 危 r 襯 0 - r わ erdogs 0 〃 s わ 2 oes 工ör 襯 e. —opposite LESS2 ( 1 ) 4 more and more ifsomething happens or iS done more and more it happens or iS done more than before and is becoming common: MO 尾の滬 more ー see 0 レ〃 g わの , s れ〃 0 川 s. 〃 ec な turning crimeordt ・ ugs. 5 more and moretired/angry etc increasingly tired, angry etc as time passes : AS the disease 田 0 花 d わ e ア 0 リ〃 d 観んⅲ g mo 尾 0 〃 d mo 尾 頃加 c 襯た 6 once more a) 江 you dO something once more you d0 it again and usually for the last time: Ca ″ we rehearse the scene once more before the s わ 0 starts? b) e$ 〃 ec 〃 ) , 〃 r の 1 again: 0 〃 ce mo 尾 the soldiers 0 ″ ac ん e 0 〃 d once mo [ れの , 出℃ d イ ?a d. 7 not any morealso nomoreliteraryno longer: D がい , 0 レん″ 0 ? Pa 0 〃 A 〃〃の℃〃 7g0 ⅲ g 0 リ材 oge 0 〃 ) , mo 尾Ⅱ NO more な盟 OS わの stand 0 ″〃、ルわ 0 〃 terraces and c わ 2 催 0 〃 ) , 0 Ⅲ・わ ca / am. 8 more Often than not used tO say that somethingusually happens: MO 尾可〃肱 0 〃″〃 eo - 〃厄 d0 〃 7 0 〃 se ん 0 こ曲 e レ g んな田で . 9 be more than p 厄 ased / 50 「Ⅳ etc used t0 emphasize that you are very pleased, very sorry etc: T わ 2 store な mo 尾 1000 , 2000 3000 most frequent words in Spoken and Written English 0 〃わ 0 〃〃 ) , del れ盟・ goods ) , 0 Ⅲ・わ ome. ド 'IS レ〃〃 ose 0 ″襯田 0 ⅲ g 厄 0g0 ⅲれ ig わに " " MO 0 れ 10 be more than a little angry/sad 〃 e ゆ , yes. " etc used tO emphasize hOW angry or sad you are: Ⅳ〆尾襯 0 曲 0 れ 0 〃な厄 co 〃 c 催〃 ed 0 わ 0 ″ー the s 0 工 his 五〃 0 れ朝襯 0 ガ 0 炉 s. 11 more … than ... used tO emphasize that one thing is truer, more important etc than something: . Do 〃わ e 加 0 〃のⅵ 0 〃襯 . He's 襯 0 尾 m な厄 0 〃 stupid.lShe's ん〃 0 〃襯 0 アの・れ催 wild 世れⅥ〃阨 0 れ her ac れ″ g 0 わⅲな . 12 a) no more tha n used to say that something is needed or suitable: lt's 〃 0 襯 0 尾 0 〃ア 0 レ deserve. b) also lit- tle more than used to say that someone or some- thing is less important than they seem: 〃 2 's 〃 0 mo 尾 0 〃 ag r acco レ〃阨〃れ as 〃な厄襯 0 0 〃 0 scratch. 13 (and) what's more used tO add more information that emphasizes what you are saying: He enj の 'ed the 襯 e 襯の滬田わ at's 襯 0 尾ん 2 0 the だ 14 no mo 「 e... than... used to emphasize that some- thing is not true, not suitable etc: He 's 〃 0 襯 0 尾五一の わ e 0 盟 r 立 0 〃ー 0 襯 ! 15 no more can she/no moredo ー etcneithercanshe,neitherdoletc:ldon't わ 0 怩れ襯 e 0 the 〃〃 g 0 〃 d 〃 0 襯 0 尾 dO ) , 0 レ ! 16 (then) more f06 you BrE used t0 say that you think someone is being stupid: 0 レ 0 〃 og レ〃 SO early in the 襯 or 〃加 g e 〃 mor 厄 OI 0 レ ! USAGE NOTE: MORE GRAMMAR More isused with anadjective instead 0fthe form,notaswellas it: T s ) «zr's をズ 0 as 加 r r ル r 襯 2 ( NOT 襯 0 催 ). lt isalso used when 砌 adjective does nothave a Ⅱ・ fO ロ几 T な ) , 覊 r 甌 0 襯 u s 0 可 c リ″ more2 4 レ 0 〃こ第 er c ひ〃 0r0 れ 0 / 襯 0 〃 , 襯″ c わ SI 1 used tO say that a particular number or amount is Wl larger than another: "DO 0 レ 0 〃ー襯 0 尾 ca ん " "Uh, m の , わ e. 1 ' 〃 get れ . "lmore people/things etc than... ー 0 尾 cars ar 危 i 〃〃 g 2 emissions t わ 0 れ as 0 厩の襯 3 She 襯 0 es 襯 0 〃れ 0 れ e calls 加 0 〃 e day thananyoneelselknow.lmorethan 10 / 100 etc Mo 尾 0 〃 5 側〃側盟厄カ ad helped ね sa. り , れ e 〃 the s 市リ襯 CO 〃 0 盟 sed.l more than sth 加 some 〃厄 c お″厄 dw 砒 CO 立 smo 0 〃 ag ss 可、 3 れ な〃 OS ⅵわ厄田翔引側 0d0 ) , SO 襯 e 0 smo 尾 . は 'd 梔 ro ca ー s カ e ん田 s 知 rmo 尾 0 わ 0 砒″ . は + 0 幻Ⅳ〃 mo 尾 these 襯 0 盟 s because they're SO CO わレげレい much/far/a 10t more Recent 0 ″ル s 襯 0 んⅲ g cam- paigns わ 0 市・れれ 0 ん一襯 0 尾 smokers ね give レ —opposite LESSI or FEWER 2 used when you another number or amount ⅲ addition tO what you have, expect, or have mentioned: YO レ ' 〃れ 0 怩の〃 0 ) , 襯 0 知 r 0 面レわル room.lA 女作ゆ面襯ⅲ ca ? 7 ' 〃 me 襯 0 尾 0 2 / 10 etc more T れ 0 む 0 & 万襯 0 〃 2 〃カ 0 〃 e. He needs 搬 , 0 ″ 10 尾 c ん e な . ル r e 〃 ,. lsome/any/a few etc more We わ 0 怩 some 0 〃 de ヴ盟〃〃厄 VO ルル 催ⅲ g わ e ゆれわ襯 0 〃 ) , mo 尾 0 尾 needed•l more people/things etc ー加ん l'd 〃静 some mo 尾 . 厄 c なわイ 0 ー CO リ agree the 作ゆ . は切 sorry sir, ) , 0 Ⅲ・ meal ゾ〃加怩 m ⅲ襯 0 尾 , l'm 0 3 [ + 0 ロ Ca 〃〃怩 SO 〃 mo 可肱襯 0 〃〃〃〃 0 覊み Yo レ ' 怩わ ad 0 んの dO 〃 0 田 much 襯 0 尾れ m dO ) ' 0 リ need.? —opposite LESSI 3 more and an increasing number Of something: ー 0r2 0 〃″ ~ or

Foreign Office 712 obtainedbysellinggoodstoaforeigncountry: CQ ガ な 0 ル 0 わ SO レ尾 2 可 ig 〃 c わ 0 れ ge r Uganda Foreign Of ・ fice ・・ / 〃 the British government department that is responsible for dealing with foreign affairs fore ・ k れ ow ト・ dge /fo:inDlld311fo:r ・ n。:ト/れ知 r 襯 knowledgethatsomethingis goingtohappen before itactuallydoes: [ + 0 T れ 2 れ 0 rde 〃 d わ av ⅲ ga 〃ア 知ん dge e 。加レ . fore•leg / ifo : 厄可・ fo : 司〃 [C] one ofthe two front legs Of a four-legged animal fO 0 ( k /'fo:lDkllIfo:rla:k/ 〃 [CI 1 a piece of hair that falls over someone's forehead —see picture at HORSEI 2 forelock-tugging/touching BrE show- ing t00 much respect towards people in authority fore ・ man / ・ fo : mo 可・ fo : 司〃″ r 襯 foremen /-man/ [C] 1 a skilled worker who is ⅲ charge ofa group Of builders or factory workers 2 the leader of a JURY (=the group Of 12 people whO decide whether someone is guilty ⅲ a court Of law) fO 「・ most /'fo:moostll'fo:rmoust/ 0 可 foremost scientist/expert/writer etc the most important and respected scientist, writer etc: 0 れ e 0 / E レ rq 〃 e 尾 - 襯 0 0 レ or な s 0 ″ c ん″ d れ 00d diseases —see so first and foremost (FIRST ( 21 ) ) fore ・ name / ・ f3 : nerm 『 fo : 「 - / 〃℃ ] r 襯観 someone's FIRST NAME fO ・ noon / ・ fo : nu : 可・ fo : 「 - / 〃 [singularl 0 use the mormng fO ・「・ n ・ si ( / fo ・代 ns ⅸ , - z ⅸ / 0 の [onlybeforenoun] con- nected with the methods used for finding out who is guilty Of a crime: forensic science/medicine etc A S, 〃 ec 液〃 inforensicscience asca 〃 edasa 田″〃 es & forensic evidence ( = b100d , hair, FINGERPRINTS etc, used tO prove that someone is guilty) fore ・ 0 「・ dain は 0 : ロ : ・ dern い 0 : ro : 司 v [T] 知 r 襯観 to decide or arrange hqw something will happen before it actually happens: T わ 2 炉 seemed ル reord の d. fore ・ play / わ : が可わ : r - / 〃 ] sexual activity, such as kissing and touching the sexual organs, done before having sex fO 「 2 ・「 un ・れ・「 / ・ fo : , い n つ「 / れ℃ ] 1 a person, organization, machine etc which existed a long time before a similar one that exists now, and which the present one is based upon: ト 0 The s レガ hag 可花 s were forerunners 0 工 the modern 盟 0 襯 e 〃 move- 襯 e 〃れ 2 a sign or warning that something is going tO happen 0 ななゆ foreseen / - ・ si:n/ v [ T い 0 know that some- thing is going to happen before it actually happens: T わ eme od as 加 0 砒 co レれカ 0 e れ . ル尾 s 〃の , its inventors.lforesee that Few 0 〃 0 s な sa 砒 0 〃〃 r た es 0 d rise so s 印ゆ . fO ・ see ・ a ・ b 厄 /fo:'si:oballlfo:r-/adj 1 in the fore- seeable future fairly soon: T 加尾な 0 、 poss めⅲ severe 0 shortages 加 the 知 r e わル尾 2 fO 「 the foreseeable future continuing ⅲ the future for as long as you can imagine: Their 〃 e ル de れ C20 〃 0 〃 e ズ〃 0 s な〃 e ね co 厩加レ e / ör 肱 e 尾 s - 0 わ尾 3 foreseeable diffculties, events etc are ones that you can imagine happening ⅲ the future: 〃れれⅲ g ra 尾 s 0 わ na 加液日össes f0 「 2 ・ shad ・ ow / f 。 : ・ d 。可 f 。早な do 可 v ] to be a signofsomethingthatwillhappen inthefuture: The e 怩〃な加 S 〃 0 ⅲ加 the 1930S - ル尾 s わ adowed the rise 0 / Na 盟 G 催襯 0 〃 . fore ・ shore / ・ f 。 : f 鋤わ : 可 0 : 「 / 〃 [singularl 1 the part Of the shore between the highest and lowest lev- els that the sea reaches 2 the part of the shore between the edge Of the sea and the part of the land that has houses, grass etc fo ・ 5h0 ・ e れ ed /fo:'Jo:tndIIfo:r'fo:rtnd/ 0 の objects, places etc that are foreshortened appear to be smaller, shorter, or closer together than they re- ally are: 襯 e 可曲 2 五 g Ⅲ・ es 0 尾 odd 知尾 s ん 0 e れ ed , giving the ル尾 0 d なル r わ加 g 4 レ 0 〃—fore- shorten v [T] fore ・ sight/lfo:saltll'fo:r-/n [ 切 the ability to imagine what is likely tO happen and to consider this when planning for the future: The 〃 0 滝わ厄襯 es [ 加 acci- 厩 0 〃厄 c ん可尾 sig わー the 0 g ⅲ襯盟″〃催 s have the foresight tO do sth んレ c 府ゆ she わ ad わ ad 市ビ 尾 s 愈わ 0 destroy 2 ⅲ cri 襯加 0 〃 gdoc リ襯 e ″な . fore ・ skin 0 い krn 『 f3 : 「 - / れ [C] a 100Se fold of skin covering the end Of man's PENIS fO 「・ est / ・ foråstll'fo:-, 'fu:-/ 〃 [CI a large area of land that is thickly covered with trees : M 乢わ 0 ア Sca 〃市 na - ⅲ 0 な covered 加 densepineforest. / 0 尾尾 fore ・ stall /fo:isto:lllfo:r'sto:l/ v [T] to prevent some- thing from happening or prevent someone from dOing something by doing something first: Gero urged reforms 加 d 催尾 s 〃作 0 リわ厄 fO 「・ est ・ e 「 / 'fD st 可・ fo : sto 「 , ・ fa : - / 〃 [C] someonewho works in a forest taking care of, planting, and cut- ting down the trees fO 「・ est ・ /'for$trill'fo:-, 'fa:-/ れ [ 切 the science or skill oflooking after large areas oftrees fore ・ taste / ・ fo:terstll'fo•.r-/n be a foretaste ofto bea s i 部 1 ofsomething more important, more impressive etc that will happen ⅲ the future: T 出 0 spectacular 田加 s 0 ーーれ 2 s 0 / the 0S0 〃 were 0 . ル re s 花 0 ア things 襯 e. fore ・ tell : ・ tel 肛 0 : 「 - / じ〃 0 〃 sea 〃 d 0 0 なゆ foretold ドい町当 0 d 日 T い 0 say what will happen ⅲ the future, especially by using special magical powers: the わ炉可 C わ r な 4 尾の盟 r 叩加な fore ・ thought / ・ f3 : 0 。可・ fo : 田 : t - / 〃 ] careful thought about what needs to be done ⅲ order to make sure things happen well ⅲ the future: Ⅳ 0 0 れ e ん ad 々 ad e 知尾 0 ″ g んれ 0 bring 0 mr ん sc 尾砒 fore ・ tOld /fo:' taold 肛 0 to d / the past tense and past participle 0f FORETELL fO 「・・「 , for ever / fo 「・ evo ト 0 「 / adb' 1 continuing or lasting for all future time: 0 レ r わ出襯立 知尾怩 r.l These ル 0 わん s 0 ん 0 e 〃立 r 側催 . 2 especia 〃ア 0 ん e 〃 for a very long time: Ⅳ ' ″加 s c ん力を尾ア 0 尾怩 r 肭 2C0 ロ ( れ ' な r 引ね ke forever(=takealongtime)lttookforevertoclean ″〃 0 尹催 2 ar ゆ . 3 be forever doing sth s. れ to dO something many times, especially ⅲ a way that annoys people: 〃ざ S / 0 尾 v 催 ma ん加 g comments 0 わ 0 レー 襯 g われ 4 foreverand a dayspokenaverylong time : れ ' Sgo ⅲ g のん e 襯 e アörevera れ dadg アの〃 0 必 r ″ . 5 fO 「 e e 「 and ever a phrase meaning forever, used especially ⅲ stories fO 「 e ・ wa 「れ 0 : ・ wo : 可 f3 : 「・ wo : rn / リは often passive]

1289 〃の c ゆル overslept ド slept / 川 tO sleep for longer than you intended:l わ 0 侃沼〃カ砒 mo ing, 0 〃 d as . r or ん一℃ ompare sleep in (SLEEP2) 0 ・ e 「・ spend ん ( ) ( Ⅳ 0 ' spen 町 .0 ( Ⅳ 0 「 - / v 〃 0 立れ 0 〃 d 0 〃 ar 行 c ゆ overspent ド spe nt / 田 tO spend more money than you can afford: C 尾″・ ds 加怩 に〃 CO 盟・ aged 〃 eo. の砒〃 e 〃 d. —overspend /'ouvaspendllloovor-/n [C]: 0 〃 0 r d 側 0 0 Ⅳ e 「・ spi 朝 0V0. sp 川ド 0 ( Ⅳ or - / 〃 [UI BrE people whO move out Of a big city because there are t00 many people living there, and go tO live in new houses outside the city: 0 new w 〃わレ i ″ accommodate ん 0 〃 dO が S 砒 , の・ $ 〃襯 0 ・「・ Sta 幵 ed / oovo'sta:ft<ll,oovar'stæft</ ad. ノ a company, organization etc that is overstaffed has more workers than it needs ー・ opposite UNDERSTAFFED 0 ・ e 「・ state / , 0 ( ) vo e ⅵ l,o ( Ⅳ 0 「 - / v [T] to talk about something in a way that makes it seem more lmport- ant, serious etC than it really is; EXAGGERATE.• We 襯レ立〃女 ig 〃 eo. 〃の , 0 怩 r 立砒ⅲ g the da 〃 g 催 s. —opposite UNDERSTATE 0 ・》e「・ state ・ ment / ) vo e montll. 0 ( Ⅳ 0 司〃 [C,UI the act Of talking about something in a way that makes it seem more important, serious etC than it really iS, or an example ofthis; EXAGGERATION: れ ' Sa わ″ Ofa 〃 overs 襯 e 〃 0S0 0 れわ ema 〃 ' Sa. 祝 , わ he's 〃わ〃液厩 . 0 ・ e 「・ stay /. 0 ( Ⅳ 0 e ⅶ - Ⅳ or-/ v [TI to stay some- where longer than you intended or longer than you should —see also overstay you 「 welcome (WEL- COME4 ( 3 ) ) 0 ・ e 「・ Step /. 0 ( Ⅳ 0 ist epll,oov ar-/ V overstepped, over- stepping [T] 1 overstep the rules/limits etc t0 behave in a way that is not polite or not allowed by the rules 2 overstep the mark to do or say more than you should, and offend people or make them angry: l've わ〃怩り , 〃 0 e 〃ー″わ him so アär , buthe's お ea 〃 ) , OV s 〃〃 ed 市 2 mar ・んなれ襯 e! 0 ・ e 「・ 5t0 ( k /,oovo'stokll,ouvorlsta:k/ v [I,T] to obtain more Of something than is needed for a shop, hotel etc 0 ・ e 「・ sub ・ 5 ( 「 ibe ん測 voso ド skr b 0 ( Ⅳ 0 司 v [T] be oversu bscribed if an activity, sale, service etC iS oversubscribed, people are asking for more places , tickets etc than there are available: 〃 Os な / ör single 〃 20 〃℃〃 orma 〃 ) , 砒盟・ s レわ sc わ ed. 0 ・ e 杙 / ・ 0 ( ) V3 : し 0 び V3 : tll ' 0 ( Ⅳ 3 : は , ( ) び V3 : ロ / ad. 丿 . ル rma ~ actions that are overt are done publ icly, without try- ing tO hide anything: 0 〃ひ滝 0 ″〃 0 豆れ ce e わ・ 〃 0 〃れ ca ~ 0 〃〃 O? 花れな ve 滝 d な c m 加 0 れ 0 〃・—opposite COVERT —overtly adv 0 ・》e「・ take ん 0 ( ) vo イ e ⅸト 0 ( Ⅳ ar - / v 〃 as れ e 〃 seovertook /-'tok/pastparticipleovertaken /- ・ telkan/ 1 [I,TI to go past a moving vehicle or person because you are going faster than them and want tO get ⅲ front of them: 〃〃レ〃 edo レ 00 r 阨ん 2 e dva ル—seepic- ture on page 679 2 [T い f something bad overtakes you, it happens tO you suddenly and pruents you from doing what you had planned t0 do: ト by] We 'd 加 e 〃側催″の , sheer れ g 齠 3 [ to develop or increase more quickly than someone or something else and become bigger, better, or more advanced than them: 召 ) , 1970 the A 襯 2 〃 s わ ad OV の・ん e 〃 the Russians ⅲ、 0C2 c わ〃 0 g ) ,. 4 be 1000 , 2000 3000 mo 引 frequent words in Spoken and written EngIish overtaken by events if you are overtaken by events, the situation changes, SO that your plans or ideas are not useful any more 〃な厄 years were e 加 WO 承ⅲ g 介 om 0 2 のツ砒 was rg 〃滬加加 g overtaken わ ) , events. 0Ⅳe「・ tax い ( Ⅳ 0 ' t 記 ks 0 ( Ⅳ or - / v [TI 1 to make someone d0 more than they are really able to do, so that they become very tired : overtax yourself DO れ 7 0 怩 r x 0 Ⅲ・ se 壥 2 to make people pay t00 much tax over-the-coun ・ 可 0 可 [only before nounl 1 over-the-counter drugs can be obtained without a PRESCRIPTION ()a written order) from a doctor 2 AmE abbreviation OTC over-the- counter business shares are ones that do not appear on an official STOCK EXCHANGE ( 2 ) list over-the-top ・可 abbreviation 0 ' I 0 可 BrE 4 ル rma ~ remarks, behaviour etc that are over-the- top are SO exaggerated ( EXAGGERATE) or unreason- able that they seem stupid or offensive: れ 's 0 わ″ 0U2 ・ - e イ 0 〃の ca 〃 him の厄 sc なた 0 ・ e 「・ th 「 OW 1 /. 0 ( Ⅳ 0 ℃ ro ( ) 0 ( Ⅳ 0 「・ 0r0 ( ) / v 〃 0 tense overthrew ド 0 「 u : / 〃 0 立のⅵ c の overthrown / - ・ 0 ( ) 可 - '0roon/ [T] 1 to remove a leader or govern- ment from a position ofpower: Re わ els 2 尾 0 ケ ead ) , 盟なⅲ g の OV 催川市 ego r 〃 me 〃れ 2 t0 get rid Ofthe rules Ofa society: 0 soc 液い・ et , 0 ル行 0 〃曲 0 ′カ as 0 怩 r 〃わ 0 豆 cs れ d の・ ds 可、襯 O? ・ 0 〃ゆ 0 e 「・ th 「 0W2 / ・ oov 。 0r 測旧 0 ( Ⅳ 0 田 ro ( ) / 〃 [U]the defeat and removal om power Of a leader or government, especiallybyforce: [ + 0 幻 7 物 eorga 〃た 0 れ 0 〃 wasdedi- c ed eo 怩 r ro cg 〃″ 0 れ s 襯 . はれ eov ・ ro 0 工 M レ sso 〃 0 ・》e「・ time / ( Ⅳ ot 田 m 『 0 ( Ⅳ ar - / 〃 [U] 1 time that you spend working in your jOb ⅲ addition tO your normal working hours.• SiX れ 0 レ rs ' over ″ー overtime paylworkovertime T わの , ' の・ん go 怩 r れ襯 e g e わ s わ 2 ざ . 2 the money that you are paid for working more hours than usual: A miner could earn f250 0 w ん including 0 しⅵ襯 e. 3 be working overtime 加 rma ~ tO be very active: 尹・〃加 e 襯 0 〃 s 0 工尾 g 〃 0 ″の , 0 レ r わ or 襯 0 〃 es 0 尾 working OV 催行 m 色 4 AmE EXTRA TIME BrE 0 ・ e 「・ tone / ・ oovot 0 ( ) 可・ 0 ( ) VO ロ oon/ 1 overtones [plurall s igns Of an emotion or attitude that is not expressed directly: 〃なの・ ds 2 〃 0 〃わ市で were 0 じ e 0 〃お 0 / 0 〃 g 夜・ⅲ力な v ⅲ . lheavy moral 0 怩 0 〃四 2 [CI c わⅲ ca ~ a higher musical note that sounds together with the main note: HARMONIC —see alSO UNDERTONE 0 ・ e 「・ tOOk oov 0 イ ok ( ) ( ) vo 「 - / the past tense 0f OVERTAKE 0 ・ e 「・ tOP /. 0 ( Ⅳ 0 ・ tn 可 .0 ( Ⅳ 0 ta : p / v overtopped, overtopping [T] formal tO be higher or more important than something 0 ・「・ tu 「 / ・ 00V0tj00 , -tfUO, -tfollioovortjor, -t 、「 or, - 叮 0 「 / 〃 1 [C] a short piece Of music written as an introduction tO a long p iece Of music, especially an OPERA 2 overtures an attempt tO begin a friendly relationship with a person, country etc:[ + 0 幻 0 怩 ル尾 s 可カ加〃ホが make overtures tO T れの , 加 ga 〃 ma んⅲ go じ催ル s のをな gov 催〃 me ″ⅱ〃 the わ 0 〃 e 可・ ga ⅲⅲ g e 炉ゆ〃 0 な 3 be an overture if an event is an overture tO a more important event, it happens just before it and makes you expect it: This

1409 prejudice pre ・ fect llpri: fekt / 〃 [C] 1 an Older student ⅲ some British schools, whO has special duties and helps tO control younger students 2 a public 0ffcial in France, ltaly etc whO is responsible for a particular area pre ・ fec ・ ture /'pri:fektJool ト tJar/ 〃 [CJ a large area which has its own 10Ca1 government ⅲ France, ltalY' Japan etc: Saitama 〃 r ル尾 S2 pre ・ fer / p ロ ' f3 : ド f3 : r ゆ preferred, preferring [T not W2 ⅲ progressive] 1 tO like someone or something more than someone or something else: " Ⅳわ 0 ー kind 0 工 music 面″〃 2 " "These 面 s ー〃 r classical 襯 ' 1 prefer sb/sth tO sb/sth 1 襯レ c わ・ dogs ca な . lprefer tO d0 sth グ 0 〃ア〃厄 living 加 cities 0 レ ac ル観ゆ盟 r イ催のれⅲ肱 2 CO レ加り ,. lprefer dOing sth C わ 0 厩観〃尾 rs 作 0 〃加 g のな 0 2 would prefer if you would prefer tO dO some- thing, you want tO dO it more than another thing you could dO instead, or that you are dOing now: would prefertodo sth ⅣéW0 d 〃尾 r 〃怩加 e US, わ ー ca 〃 7 get 0 ⅲ sa. 3 ー would prefer it if 〃 a) used tO say that you wish a situation was differ- ent : 0 工 CO レ r l'd 盟 r イ催″ー市 d れ 7 ね面 SO 襯レ WO . b) used when telling someone PO ト itely not t0 d0 something: l'd 盟阨 r ″ ) , 0 レ市 d 〃 smoke 加介 0 厩 the c 尾ル 4 prefer charges 厄 to make an omcial statement that someone has done something illegal pref ・ e ・ ra ・ ble / ' p 代 fo 「 ob / 0 の better or more suit- able: preferabIeto(doing)sthlthinkFrancewouId 加〃 fera わね M の orca inAugust.linfinitelY pref- erable ( =much better or much more suitable) ん ea ん finds な加五ⅲ〃 ra わ盟 0 0. —prefer- ablyadvl Ca 〃レれ d. 0 リ rroom 盟 e ー〃 r 0 わ dg ) ? pref ・ e ・ rence / ' p 代朝「 ons / 〃 1 [C,UI 江 you have a preference for something, you like it more than an- other thing: have a preference We 襯 d eat Chi- nese, れ 0 〃 0 川 or ー〃 d なー d0 ) , 0 リわ 0 0 れ〃 r イ催 e 〃 ce 引 have a preference for ー m レ ad 襯″ーれ 0 0 盟 r - e れ ce / ör ) , 0 レ〃 g men.lhave no strong/particular preference (=not prefer one thing more than any- thing else)l express a preference ( = say that you like one person or thing more than others) ー asked わ er わ e 尾 s れ e 0 〃 d の g00 れ vaca れ 0 川わ s わ e 市 d 〃 7 express 0 r イ尾〃 ce. 2 [C] the thing that you like best ⅲ a group ofthings: Taste ⅲん sa ma 0 〃 0 0 工 0 レ r fe 尾れ ce. 3 give/show pref- erence tO tO treat someone more favourably than you treat otherpeople: 加 0 〃 0C0 れ〃 g わ 0 ⅲ g , 〃尾 r - ence な g れ , e 〃 [ わ ose れ 0 わ 0 0 レ〃 gc れ〃 dre れ . 4 in preference tO if you choose one thing ⅲ preference tO another, you choose it instead because you think itisbetter:Manypeoplechoosethetrain ⅲ尾尾〃 ce の driving. pref ・ e ・ ren ・ tial / , p 代 fo ・代可 / 0 可 lonly before noun] preferential treatment, rates etc are deliber- ately different in order tO give an advantage tO par- ticular people: preferential credit terms —preferentially adv pre ・ fer ・ ment / p ロ・ f3 : m 。 nt ト 3 : 司れ [ 切 formal appointment t0 a more important jOb pre ・ fig ・ ure / , p ⅲ哘 go ト gj0 「 / v は ] rm tO a sign that shows that something will happen later —pre- figuration /. p 「 i : f 0 e 叮 on ト gj0- / れ [C,U] 1000 , 2000 , 3000 mo 引 frequent words in Spoken and Written EngIish pre ・ fixl /lpri:flks/ れ [CI 1 a group ofletters that is added tO the beginning Ofa word tO change its mean- ing and make a new word, such in or 'mis' in 'misunderstand' —compare AFFIX, SUFFIX 2 a title such as 'Ms' or'Dr' used before someone's name prefix2 v [T] 1 tO add a prefix tO a word, name or set 0f numbers 2 formal tO say something before the main part Of what you have t0 say preg ・ nan ・ cy /ipregnansi/ 〃 [C,UI the condition Of being pregnant or the periOd Of time when a woman is pregnant: This drug 0 レ〃砒ん例 during 尾 g 〃 0 〃 0. 催レ d 〃尾 g 〃 0 〃卩〃 age 尾 g - 〃 0 〃 C S preg ・ nant /'pregnont/ 0 可 1 having an unborn S3 baby growing inside your bOdy: 0 れ the same dg ア 1 s 滝 the わ 1 リ 0 砒ー as 〃尾 g 〃 0 〃 twenty weeks/three months etc pregnant She e れ一 ski- ing 田れ she was 7 襯 0 襯ん s 〃 reg ″ 0 れた get pregnant れ came as 0 s わ OC ん一一 0 ″ g れ一一 as 0 0 get reg 〃 0 厩 get sb pregnant (=make a woman preg- nantbyhaving sexwithher) ー市 d 〃 7 襯 ea 〃 g 可れ ・ eg 〃 0 〃 fa Ⅱ pregnant 祝 d ⅲ 0 ″ (=become pregnant)l heavily pregnant (=having a baby inside your bOdy that is almost ready t0 be born) 2 a preg na nt pause/silence a pause or silence which is full of meaning or emotion, even though no one saysanyth ⅲ g : Da 怩 ' SO レめレ r as ア 0 ″ 0 e の , 0 〃尾 g 〃 0 厩 0 use. 3 preg nant withformal contain- ing a IOt Ofa quality or feeling: E 〃わ rase 加な 盟 02m な〃 g 〃 0 〃ー i mea 〃加 g. pre ・ heat/,pri:lhi:t/v [T]toheatanovEN toaparticu- lar temperature before it is used t0 COOk something: P れ e 砒 the 0 怩〃の 3 . pre ・ hen ・ sile /prl ・ hensalll ト S』/0可 technicalaprehen- sile tail, f00t etc can curl round things and hOld on t0 them -lsta:-/ 0 可 p 「 e ・ hiS ・ tO 「・ i ( /,pri:hl'storlk<ll-'s い :- 1 connected with the time ⅲ history before any- thing was written down: 〃尾 stor なわリ r 液 ~ gro リれ d 引 ・ e s c 0 ⅲ襯観 s 2 0 尹例わレ moro レ s very Old- fashioned: Keith's s 0 わ 0 砒レ ca れれ g g 炉な 0 尾 国 s ⅲゆ prehistoric. —prehistorically /-kli/ 0 面 p ・ his ・ tO ・ /pri:lhlstori/ 〃 ] the time ⅲ human history before anything was written down pre ・ judge / pri:'d3Ad3/v[Tl toformanopinionabout someone or something before you know or have con- sidered all the facts: Try れね prejudge the s リ e. —prejudgment 〃 [C,UI P「可・ u ・ dicel / ・ p 「 ed39d い / 〃 1 [C'U] an unreason- able dislike and distrust Of people whO are different from you ⅲ some way, especially because Of their race, sex, religion etc: women s れ〃れ 0 face 0 g 尾 de 観可盟 r 可レ d 沁加 the んが ace. は + against] prejudice 0g0 ⅲわ c ん eo. な CO 襯 mo 〃ⅲ ma 〃 ) 〃のお 0 ア襯催 03 racial/sexual prejudice (=prejudice against people whO belong t0 a different race or sex) victims ofracial 〃 r 可レ市 ce 2 [U] tO the prejudice offormalhavingaharmful effectorinflu- ence on something else: år り , CO 〃加レ ed smoke' the 〃 r 可レ d 沁可 his 加 0 ″ん 3 without prejudice 厄 without harming or affecting something else prejudice2 v ぽ ] 1 tO influence someone SO that they have an unfair or unreasonable opinion about someone or something: prejudice sb against sth

1377 可 us fou 「 5 2 plum p (you rself) down t0 sit down suddenly and heavily 可 u m p fO 「 sth 〃ん・ v [T] informal tO choose some- thing after thinking carefully about it: We 五〃 0 , 〃ル襯〃 ed 知 r 0 わ 0 な厄可加ん c カ 0 襯〃 ag 〃 e. plump sth 冖 upphr v [ T い 0 make CUSHIONS, 円 L- LOWS etc bigger and softer by shaking them plum pud ・ ding ・・・ / 〃 [C,U] BrE CHRISTMAS PUDDI NG plum tO ・ ma ・ tO ・・ / 〃 [Clatypeoftomatowhich is shaped like a PLUMI(I) and is used in cooking plun ・ derl /'plAndoll-or/ v [I,T]tO steal large amounts 0f money or property from somewhere, especially in a violent way that causes damage: The c わ provinces 可 Asia Minor were 〃ルれ de 尾 d の the 加 d 催 s Ⅱ greedy ゆ C00 〃 s w カ 0 〃ル〃 d 夜・ e か CO 襯〃 0 〃 s 〃 2 〃 s わ″ . ル〃ホゆル〃尾 d ケ s ″尾 s —plunderer ″ [C] p ー unde r2 〃 [U] 1 things that have been stolen dur- ing a violent attack, especially during a war: Henry 's の・襯 , ル r れ ed / oade d0 ″ w ″んル〃 d 催 . 2 the act 0f plundering: the ル〃 d 催 0 ア 4 0 の the Euro- ea 〃〃 0 れ 0 〃 S plungel /pIAnd3/ v 1 は , T always + adv/prep] to move, fall, or be thrown suddenly forwards or down- wards: [ + 0 / ⅲ to etc] 〃 ercm ・ swet ・ 0 〃 d 〃ル〃 ged 0 ガ・ e cliff. lplunge to your death The rope わ ro ん e 0 〃 d わ 0 ec 〃 m わ催 s 〃ル〃 ged500 可の e 炉 dea plunge sb/ sth forward/through etc The c の・ s 加〃 - ped suddenly の滬 he as ル〃 ged r 田の・ d ″ g ん 市 2 windshield. 2 田 if a price, value, or rate plunges it suddenly goes down by a large amount: Theprice 0 ″れ as 盟ル〃 ged ね 0 ん砒 3 田 ifa ship plunges, it moves violently up and down, usu- ally because of high waves plunge in 〃わ r し田 tO start talking, doing sth etc quickly and confidently, without worrying: Zoe 〃ル〃 ge ⅲの滬 s ed c わ 0 なⅲ g わ 0 〃 ). plunge intO 加・ v [T] 1 plunge sth into sth to push something firmly and deeply into something else: Plunge the as. 〃 arag ″ s 加のわ 0 〃加 g 砒催 3 〃 〃ルれ g んわ 0 ″ ds 加のわ催 c ts. 2 plunge sb/sth intO sth to make someone or something experience a particular type Of situation, especially one that is difficult or unpleasant: This 厄立 scandal れ as plunged the Ad 襯加な作砒 io ″加の controversy.l The れ 0 〃 as dd ゆ〃ル〃 g ⅲ dat ・ kness.l be plunged into gloom/despair etc (=suddenly experience great unhappiness) The 田ん 0 厄 regiment as plunged ⅲの es 0 炉わ ) な news. 3 plunge intO sth tO begin to do something suddenly, without thinking about the possible results: S ル 0 滝 as 0 ~ 0 ) , S 〃 / リ〃 g ⅲ g ⅲ r な , ventures. plunge2 れ 1 ta ke the plu nge tO decide finally to do something, especially after delaying it or worrying about it for a longtime:ln 1990P0 襯 0 ん 2 〃ルれ g20 ″ ds ″〃わ群・ 0 田〃 business. 2 DOWNWARD MOVEMENT く℃ usually singular] a sudden quick downward movement: Ⅳ″わ 0 のⅲ g , e 〃れ e わ ega 〃 0 〃ル″ ge towat ・ ds e 0 滝ん 3 TO WATER [C usually singular] a DIVE2 ( 1 ) or jump intO water, or a quick swim: Sue ″ r 尾 0 尹 0 4 ⅵ c んル〃 ge ⅲ the ん e. 4 DECREASE ] a sudden large fall ⅲ the 1000 , 2000 , 3000 most frequent words in spoken and written English value ofproperty, SHARFS2(5) etc: 0 dra 襯 0 れ c ル〃 ge ーれ houseprices 可 u れ g ・ e 「 /IplAnd3011-or/ 〃 [C] 1 a rubber cup on the end 0f a rod used for unblocking kitchen or bath- room pipes 2 c わ加 ca ~ a part of a machine that moves up and down 3 AmE ⅲ知 r 襯観 someone WhO GAM BLES a 10t 可 u れ g ・ i れ 9 neck ・ line な・・・ / 〃 [C] a very 10W curve or V shape on the top edge of the front of a woman's plu ・ per ・ fect/plu:'pg:flktll-g:r-/nthe pluperfecttech- 〃 0 / the PAST PERFECT tense 0f a verb 可 u ・「 a い / ' pl( ) 0 「酬ド pl( ル - / 〃 [C] a word or form that shows you are talking about more than one object, person etc. For example, 'dogs' is the plural of 'dog' p ー ura 12 0 可 1 a plural word or form shows you are talking about more than one object, person etc. For example 、 we' is a plural pronoun 2 r 襯 0 ~ involv- ing more than one person or thing or different kinds Of people or things: ル ra / c ル尾 s ゆル r 観襯 0 な ge 可 u ・「 a ト is ・ m /'ploorohzomll'plor-/ 〃 [U] 知 r 襯観 1 the principle that people of different races, 1 、 eligions, and political bel iefs can live together peacefully in the same soc iety 2 the holding of more than one job at a time, especially ⅲ the Church —pluralist 〃℃ ] —pluralistic, pluralist /,pluorolhstlk<ll,plor-/ 0 可 : living ⅲ 0 ル ra 〃 soc ゆ 可 u ・ト i ・ ty / p は i 第 1 [C]formala large num- ber Of different things: [ + 0 幻 0 〃ル〃り , c リ″Ⅲ・ es 2 [C,U]especiallyAmEtechnicaItheIargestnumber Of votes ⅲ an election, especially when this is less than the total number of votes that all the other peo- ple or parties have received 3 [U] c わ〃 ic 観 the state Of being plural plusl /plAS/ 盟尾〃 1 used when one number or SI amount is added to another: Three s six eq リ観 s W2 ⅲ〃 e. ( 3 + 6 ニ 9 刀 T 2 わ 00 んわ 0S250 ages , 〃ル S28 盟 ages 可市 ces A 〃 e 襯 0 eesa 尾〃 0 0 〃れ 0 Ⅲ・〃ル s .50 r れ襯 e 田 0 承明 the Ⅲん e 〃 d. 2 and also: The レ〃″ deals i 肱 0 ″ル〃 g 0 〃 d わ ea co れ市れ 0 〃 s , ル s 襯 0 〃 ) , 0 肱催 lesser 0 〃襯 e 〃な . 3 が us fou 「 / 5 ⅸ etc c んれな 0 ~ four , six etc more than zero —opposite MINUS ー plus2 〃 [C] 1 informalsomethingthat givesyouan advantage in a situation: ん〃 0 dge 0 ア F 尾″ c わ 0 〃 d S 〃 0 ⅲ s ん CO ″ 0 刎レ s ⅲなわ . 2 a sign ( + ) showing that you should add two or more numbers together, or that a number is more than zero plus3 0 の 1 plus factor/point an advantage or favourable feature that something has: A ′ zo 催ル s 〃 0 ⅲなル r the VHS system な 0 い , 0 リ田〃 record r or 知″ r ん 0 ″ rs 可襯砒 2 0 厩 00 〃 e. 2 10 / 50et ( plu 5 more than a particular amount, number or lev- el: She s 新 0 , 側 0 0 ) , e の・〃ル s 新〃 the 〃 d 尾〃ⅲ the class 0 尾 six ル & (=more than six years 01d) 3 [only before noun] greater than zero: D の襯 e 襯 - 〃群・ 0 ル s U' のツ加 , 〃 minus のル s ノ 2. plus4 co 可 [ mc 0 れ and also: He's わ een studyingforthe e ズ 0 襯 s 0 〃ん〃ル s he's わ〃 0t ・ん加 g 加 0 わの・砒 g んいれ ' S 0 〃 0 雇 draughty わ 0 レ se. PIus the 〃ル襯わ - ing's 〃ズ ed ア . 可 us fou 「 5 /. ・・・ / 〃 [plurall trousers with 100Se wide legs that are fastened just below the knee, worn by men especially ⅲ the 1920S when playing GOLF

43 T わ ec ⅲ尾〃 0 尾五〃 d わ〃んの・ d の 0d0 れ 0 2 炉〃 ew sc わ 0 . ゆ〃な 0 ーん 0 怩 0d0 〃 d 市 2 襯 se es de co 〃 d ″わ〃 s 2 [ T い 0 change something so that it can be used ⅲ a different way or for a different purpose : The cat ・ 'sfuel system as 0 0 リ襯 d gas. は + for] The ma 花 r 液な ca 〃加 0d0 知 r use w ″わ d 催〃 d 尾な . 3 be well adapted tO tO be particularly suitable for something: 0 ゆ加 e ア怩 rs are we 〃 0d0 がの the んの・ s わ Swiss winters 4 い 0 change a book or play so that it can be made intO a ⅱ 1n1 , television programme etC ーー℃ ompare ADJUST 1000 , 2000 3000 most frequent wo 「 ds in Spoken and Written EngIish the victims, ″ makes the crime レ〃知 rg れ 0 わ . seem even worse: ) 0 レ add 市な曲 e ) 0 レ〃 g age 0 工 another fact, especially one that makes a situat ion 7 addedtothis/ifyou addtothisusedtointroduce 〃 ag 〃 e 0 れ vg s adds glamour ね 0 〃 occas わル qual ity tO an event, place, situation etc: Fine cham- 6 G IVE A QUALITY < は ] to give a particular 2 eggs. while cooking: Cream the わレな・の s レ gar , thenadd 5 ( 00 灯 NG [TI to mix onefoodwithanother _fares. add, の , 作 d のの・ ge 襯 ) , ch 〃 d 尾〃 e ル〃 ad レ″ complain) The わレ s as れむ 0 わ 0 レ rs 厄 , 0 〃 d , ー might s. 〃 0 ん e 〃 ( =used when adding something, espec ially tO わ ad us as , 0 工 co Ⅲ・ se , top-secret.ll might add de. 五 0 厩 . 国 d that C の , added 砒 e 怩加 g he D 砒 , 滬引 " A 〃 d 一面″ 7C0 わ 0 い , 0 レ曲加ん " s 加 add 記 カ 0 怩ね sg ム e 尾 0 〃 ) , 市加 g 0 レ 'd 〃ん e ね add, related t0 what has been said already: T れ砒 's 0 〃 7 4 SAY く [T] to say something more that is “ゾ〃 add eco 可 e ・の e は clothes. は + t0] Conforming ね the reg ″厄れ 0 it: add sth t0 The s 観おねズ 0 75 % theprice 可 cost Of something by putting something more with 3 INCREASE く [I,T] to increase the amount or —see pictUre at MATH EMATICS ready saved, ″ gives us 550. —compare SUBTRACT 0 ″ d 6 make ノ 2 ladd sth toAdded わ砒 e 加観 - bers together in order to calculate the total: Add 6 2 COUNTING < [I,T] to put two or more num- ⅲ襯 0 rare Swedish stamp add のわな co 〃 ec 0 ル sth DO ) , 0 レ 0 〃 0 addyour name the れ s には ga thing else or with a group ofother things : add sth tO WI 1 PUT WITH < ー T い 0 put something with some- SI add /æd/ v ADC / , di: 、 : / the abbreviation OfAIDE-DE-CAMP the electricity supply sible tO connect more than one piece ofequipment to 2 BrE a special type of PLUG 1 ) that makes it pos- ment, especially when they are 0f different sizes 1 something used tO connect tWO pieces Of equip- [C] adaptor /o'dæptoll-or/ 〃 a ・ dapt ・ er. れ 0 れの the e 〃じ炉 0 〃 me 〃ー a d ifferent way or in different conditions: 0d0 thing changes or is changed SO that it can be used ⅲ ple as a b00k 2 [U] the process by which some- that was first written ⅲ a different form, for exam- ad ・ ap ・ ta ・ tion /. 記 d 記 p は e げ on / 〃 1 [C] afilm orplay d ⅲ 0 . —adaptability は dæpto ・ bllåti/ れ [UI カ as 〃川 d 0d0 〃わ厄ⅲ c わ 0 〃 g 加 g 0 れ行 ca ~ co ル ー she's very 0d0 〃わ The A 襯催 ica 〃 CO ″ s れルれ 0 〃 ations: l'msureshe'llcope ″ん thechanges 怩り , 田 e ″ be suitable or successful ⅲ new and different situ- a ・ dap ・ ta ・ ble /o'dæptabol/adjableto change SO as t0 addictive mcaine. 2 an activity that is addictive is one that tive Crack な 0 〃 0 花厩 , わ ig わ ad 市 c 行怩 form Of makes you unable tO st0P taking it: highly addic- ad ・ dic ・ tive は山 kt Ⅳ / 2 山 1 adrugthat is addictive 観 co わ祝 0 市 c れ 0 〃は + tO] aprogram dea ⅱ ad c れ 0 れ thing regularly because you are add icted t0 it: 市・レ g ad ・ dic•tion / 0 ' 山灯設 n / れ [C,UJ the needto have some- addicted ね computergames thing SO much you dO not want tO stop: [ + tO] kids these 作 0 ″ 4 レ襯た s. 2 liking tO dO or have some- especially a drug: [ + t0] 〃 2 な s 催レ s addicted 1 unable t0 stop taking a harmful substances, ad ・ dic•ted /o'dlktåd/ 0 可 [not before noun] 厄ⅲⅵ 0 れ addict spends t00 much time d0ing something they like: 0 ad 市 c なわ 0 contracted ID & 2 someone whO drug/heroin/morphine etc addict Ma 〃 ) , わ催 0 ⅲ stop taking drugs: な℃ 0 ー襯 centers for ad 市け引 ad ・ d i は /'æd ⅸ t/ 〃 [CI 1 someone wh0 is unable tO America 2 one 0f several types 0f snake living ⅲ North living in northern Europe and northern Asia ad ・ der / d 可 -0 「 / 〃 [CI 1 a small poisonous snake speech or b00k, usually tO give more information c わ c 観 something that is added tO the end 0f a ad ・ den ・ dum /o'dendam/ 〃ル r 観 addenda /-do/ [CI complication (=that makes something worse) 0 〃 added precaution.ladded difficulty/problem/ makes somethingbetter)Shehadadead わ 0″天″ed0S added advantage/benefit/precaution etc ( = that expected: 0 わ rea 大知立 cereal ″わ added 襯ⅲ引 ad ・ ded /lædåd/ 0 可ⅲ addition tO what is usual or the れ c ん″ 0 ″ ad ホ叩 0 尾 0 〃 ) , good evening's particular result: With 0 meal included 加 the CO 立 0 工 ad d u p tO 盟わ r v [T not ⅲ progress ive] to have a us using e 盟わ 0 〃 e SO ″ S00 れ adds リ〃 . amounts until there is a large total: There の℃五怩 0 in progressive] informal tO increase by small 襯Ⅲ・ d , わレ加 e de のレ立 d 〃 'tadd . 3 [lnot explanation for something: He わ ad 加 e 〃・尾立知 r does not add up, it does not provide a reasonable we' 〃 see w わ 0 0 〃 . 2 not add up if a set Of facts the total ofseveral numbers:Addyourscores レ〃の滬 add up 〃加・ v 1 [I,T add sth 冖 up]to calculate 0 c ⅲ diffidence added his c わの・ m ex. 厄″砒〃 seemedonly add ね his 〃 d 襯 e 〃引 feeling or quality stronger and more noticeable: 0 Ⅲ・ ad d tO sth わロⅡ T 】 to make something such as a vice な added 0 〃加″ . it: ん 0 加お cos な CO daddo 〃 0 知 r 催 25 %. は + to] & た cost Of something by putting something more with bedroom 0 ー the わ ac ん . 2 to increase the amount or larger by building another room : 7 カ added 0 ″ 0 add sth ← on 盟んュ , [T] 1 to make a building drinks the わ襯 as 砒 , 以 00. somethingelse: 召 ) , e れ襯 2 weadded ⅲ eco Q 々ん e add sth ィ in 〃加・ v[T] to include something with more angl 、 y ation even worse, especially by making someone 9 add fuel to the fire/flames to make a bad situ- ready been badly or unfairly treated more upsetting for someone, when they have al- 8 add insult tO injury to make a situation even

pred i ca ment 1408 'all the boys' and 'both his parents', the words ・ all' and 'both' are determiners pre ・ dic ・ a ・ ment /prl'dlkamont/ 〃 [CI a diflicult or unpleasant situation ⅲ which you dO not know what tO d0, oryouhaveto makeadifiicultchoice: T わ e 尾な 〃 0 painless 0 0 レー ofAmerica's current れ om た 盟市 ca 襯た pred ・ i ・ catel /'predlkåt/ 〃 [C] the part Of a sentence that makes a statement about the subject, such as 'swim' in 'Fishesswim' and'isanartist' in 'She isan artist' —compare SUBJECTI ( 5 ) pred ・ i ・ cate2 / ・ predskelt/ ⅵ T ] r 襯観 be predicated on tO be based on something as the reason for dOing something else: T わ 2 CO 襯〃 0 〃 ' S decision 阨 0 ″ mo 尾 s ガ was 〃尾市 c 砒 ed 0 ″ the 加〃イ砒こ加 recesszon asover. pre ・ dic ・ a ・ tive / p d ⅸⅣ『 p 代 d e 司 0 可 a predicat- ive adj ective or phrase comes after a verb, for exam- ple 'happy' ⅲ the sentence 、 She is happy. —predicatively adv S3 pre ・ dict /prlldlkt/ v [T] t0 say that something will W3 happen or that something will happen in a particu- lar way: ECO ″ om なな 0 尾〃市けⅲ g 0 ア 0 〃ⅲ interest rates. lpredict (that) T わ・叩 0 滝〃尾市け砒 mo 尾 わ s 0 d 加わⅲ the CO 加 d ″ 0. lpredict whether/what/how etc れな c レ″の盟市け 田わ砒 the 〃 g イ m e_ ガな可 eacc 2 加面〃厖 pre ・ dic•ta ・ ble / p ロ ' 山 k い b / 0 可 1 if the result of something is predictable, you know what it will be before it happens: The 0 レな 0 襯 e ofthese e ズ〃 e me 〃な な〃 0 , 0 ) s e 〃れ尾ゆ〃尾市 c わ厄 2 behaving or happening ⅲ the way that you expect, especially when this seems boring or annoying: ー used の加 interested 加 politics, わレー〃 0 it's 0 〃 getting very 尾 dic わⅡ Yo レ ' 尾ノ″ so 〃尾市 c わ ! —predict- ably adv [sentence adverbl P 尾市 c わ″ as 2 demonstrators w わ 0 盟 e 尾わ me ざ for the ⅲ 0 〃 ce. —predictability /prl 、 dftt bllåt i/ [U] pre ・ dic•tion / p ロ朝灯 an / 〃 [C,U] somethingthatyou say is going t0 happen, or the act 0f saying what you think is goingtohappen:[ + 0 ロ Ea r 〃尾市 c れ 0 〃 s 0 R リわ〃 ca 〃 c の ga ねわ 0 ん加 c as ⅲ g ゆ レ〃〃ん e ゆ make a prediction l'dfind ″ hard make 0 〃 r 困 ic れ 0 ″ . —predictive / - t Ⅳ / 0 可 p ・ di ・ 9 ・ sted /,pri:dal'd3eståd, ,pri:då-/ 0 pre- digested new information etc has been put ⅲ a sim- ple form and explained so that it is easy to understand pre ・ di ・厄0ti0れ /. p 「 i : 山・に灯。 n p 代 d 梔 k - / 〃 [C] 知た 襯観江 you have a predilection for something, especially something rather unusual, you like it very much pre ・ dis ・ pose /. p 「 i : d 、 po ( ) 4 」 po ( ⅵ v [T] to make someone more likelytobehaveorthink inaparticu- lar way or suffer from a health problem pre ・ dis ・ posed /. p ⅱ : d 、 po 怩 d ト・ P007d / ノ p 「 is - posed to/towa 「 ds tending to behave ⅲ a particular way, or t0 have a particular health problem: ノ Me れ 0 尾 ″尾〃ん e ね加盟尾市 s. 盟 0 d towards ⅲ 0 〃 ce 0 〃 0 襯 e 〃 . pre ・ dis ・ po ・ si ・ tion /. pri:drspa'nfan/ ″ [CI a tenden- cy tO behave in a particular way or suffer from a par- ticular illness: [ + to/towardsl 0 盟尾 s. 〃 os ″ io れ towards seasickness pre ・ dom ・ i ・ nance 1 [singular] ifthere is a predominance 0fone type Of person or thing ⅲ a group, there are more Of that type than Of any 0ther type: [ + 0 ロ the 〃尾 dO 襯ⅲ 0 ″ ce 可〃ⅲ the 0 〃 ce 2 [ 切 someone or something that has predominance has the most power or lmportance ⅲ a particular group or area: The co 襯〃 0 わ as 五め , ac ⅲ〃 dom 加 0 e 加 Asia. pre ・ dom ・ i ・ nant /prl'dnmånontll-lda:-1 0 の more powefful, more CO ーれ mon , or more easily noticed than others: e 尾 dO 襯加 0 ー gro レ〃加 soc ゆ p 「 e ・ dom ・ i ・れ a 飛・ツ /prl'dnmånontlill-lda:-/ 0 面 mostly or mainly: The city's 盟 0 〃リ行 0 ″な predomi- 〃 0 厩ゆ″なん pre ・ dom ・ i ・ nate /prlldomåneltll-'da:-/ v 田 1 to have the most importance or influence, or to be most easily noticed: The views 0 工 e leftwing れ 0 ″ ded の尾 dom ⅲ 0 i 曲ⅲ the 〃 ar ゆ . 2 if one type 0f person or thing predominates in a group or area, there are more Of this type than any Other: Pine trees 〃 red ひ襯加 0 0 ″ the e coas た pree ・ mie / ・ pri:mi/n [C] ス襯 E 加知 r 襯観 a PREMATURE ( 2 ) baby pre-em ・ i ・ nent /pri'emånont/adjmuchmore import- ant, more powerful, or much better than any others Of its kind: H ゆ 00d ' S 〃 - em ⅲ明ー role ⅲ thefilm 加 d レ立り , ・—pre-eminently adv —pre-eminence 〃 [U] pre-empt /pri 'empt / v [T] to make what someone has planned tO dO or say unnecessary or ineffective by saying or dOing something first: ー d れ 7 0 れ 0 尾 - e 襯〃ーわ砒ア 0 レ e 尾 0 わ 0 ″ーね sg 必・—pre-emption /-'em 可 on/ 〃 [ 切 pre-emp ・ ti ve /pri' empt Ⅳ / 0 の a pre-emptive action is done tO harm someone else before they can harm you, or tO prevent something bad from happening: pre-emptive strike/attack 0 series 0 / 〃 re - em. 盟れ怩 strikes 0 れ g ″催〃わ 0 s —pre-emptively adv p 「 2 ・ n /pri:n/ v 1 [I,T] if a bird preens or preens itself, it cleans itself and makes its feathers smooth using its beak 2 川 tO IOOk proud because 0f some- thing you have done 3 preen you 「 se げ a) tO spend a 10t 0f time ⅲ front 0f a mirror making your- self lOOk tidier and more attractive b) to be very pleased with yourself p 「・毛囂・ ist /. p 「ⅲ 9 st / しは , T ] 知 r 襯観 tO exist before something else: 1 れル rm 0 Ⅲ・ dO け or 可、 0 〃ア〃尾 - existing medical CO 〃 d ⅲ 0 れ , eg, d 液 & —pre- existing 0 可 pre ・ fab / ・ pri:fæbIl,pri:Ifæb/n[C] informala smallpre- fabricated building pre ・ fab ・ ri ・ cate /pri : 'fæbrlkert / v [T] to make the parts 0f a building, ship etc ⅲ a factory ⅲ standard sizes, SO that they can be fitted together somewhere else —prefabricated 0 可 : 0 〃尾知わ ca ざわレ〃 d ⅲ g prefabrication /pri:,fæbrl'kmfon/ 〃 [U] pref ・ acel 尸 p 代 f い / 〃 [C] an introduction atthebegin- ning Of a bOOk or speech preface2 v [T]formal to say or do something before themain part ofwhat you are going tO say:l'd 〃ん e 知 ce my remarks , sg れ ga 〃″ル 0 ルー myself. p 「 ef ・ a ・ tO ・ / ・ prefot トい : ⅱ / 0 の r 襯観 forming a preface or introduction: の厄〃 re. 知 remarks

detract 490 or poison 作 om something 2 detox: d OX c 砒〃 unit—detoxify / di : 朝 k 郵回ト : k - / v[T] de ・ tract / d 自「出 kt ゆ detract from sth 〃加・ v は not in progressivel tO make something seem less good than it really is: 0 〃 e 襯なん 2 な〃 going d rac な庁 om ) 0 Ⅲ・ ac わ v 色 襯 e 厩 . —detraction /dl' t 灯 / 〃 [C,UI de ・ t「a0t0「 / d kt 司つ「 / 〃 [C] someone whO says bad things about someone or something, ⅲ order tO make them seem less good than they really are: The P 尾豆 de 〃 detractors expressed 曲 2 炉リ襯わ 甌盟 ec 0 0 工 s 〃 0 〃 c s. det ・ ri ・ ment /'detråmont/ 〃 ] r 襯襯 the state Of being harmed or damaged by something: tO the det- riment Of ( = resulting ⅲ harm or damage tO some- thing) He 0? ・んれ g 催 0 れ d んれ g 催わ 0 リ rs , the d 可 me 〃ー可 s ma な液 ge. de ・ tri ・ men ・ tal /,detrå'mentl</ 0 可 formal causing harm or damage: [ + t01 Smoking な detrimental わ″ん—detrimentally adv de ・ tri ・ tus /dl'traltos/ 〃 [UI c れ〃 ica ~ pieces Of waste that remain after something has been broken up or used detrop/d01trooll-Itrou/adj[notbeforenoun]Frencha word meaning t00 much or not necessary, used when you are trying t00 hard tO sound important or educated deuce /dju:slldu:s/n 1 thesituation intennis when b0th players have 40 points, after which the next player must win tWO points t0 win the game 2 what/where/who etc the deuce? s. な 0 工ås 厄 0 〃 ed used tO add force t0 a question: Ⅳわ 0 ー the deuce な going 0 〃 ? 3 a deuce Of 0 0 れ ed a very severe example or case Of something: She カ ad 0 deuc ・ ed / ・ dju:såd, dju:stll'du:-/adj, adv 祝 d / 0 d very or very great: l'm deuced glad 0 レル r 〃 e リ れリ did. Deutsch ・ mark / ・ d3 叫「 ma : k ト ma : ⅸ / 〃℃ ] the stan- dard unit Of money ⅲ Germany; MARK2 ( 8 ) de ・ val•ue /di:lvælju:/ v 1 [I,T] tO reduce the value that the money Of one country has when it is ex- changed for the money ofanother country 2 [ T い 0 make someone or something seem less important or valuable than they really are: The s ん〃な可 0 襯 e ″ were れ cog ⅲ z 記 0 〃 d 0 尹 e 〃ル ed. —devalu- ation /di:,vælju ・ e叮0n/〃℃ , U 】 dev ・ a ・ state devostelt / し [T usually passive] 1 tO cause SO much damage tO a place or area that most Of it is destroyed: The わ om わ devastated the city ce 〃ケ e. 2 tO make someone feel extremely shocked and sad: RO わ as 虎抛 s d e 可わ催 de 砒ん第 CO レル ー d , as 阨 d の ar —devastation /ldeva'stellan/ 〃 [ U ] AcycIo ca 襯 eo 怩加な〃 d , ca レ s 加 gcom. devas 0 ル d ・ a ・ 5 ね t ・ ing /'devaste1t10/ 0 可 1 destroying or badly damaging something: Acid ra 加 as 0 devas- れ〃 g effect 0 〃 the e 〃ⅲ ro 〃 me 〃れ 2 shocking and upsetting: the d as 阨れ〃 g news 0 工 0 〃厄〃 e crash 3 almost impossible to argue against or deal with: 0 d 催 , as 阨れ〃 g arg レ襯 e れ一ⅲ工 0 じ 0 レ r 0 ア ga 〃 za れ 0 れ 4 0 イ hs わ io 〃 e ざ extremely attractive —devastat- ingly adv: M 砒加ロ 00 s 阨れ〃 g handsome 加わなれ″ e 〃れ e 〃 s レ″ . de•vel ・ op /dl'velop/ v 1 GROW [I,TI tO 部 OW or gradually change WI intO a larger, stronger, or more advanced state, or tO make someone or something dO this: Children develop り , rg か d . は + into] James わ as 怩〃困 加の 0 charming ア 0 レ〃 g ma ″ . は + froml ー〃 less ~ わ 0 〃 阨〃 years な developsfrom 0 seed ⅲね 0 工〃 - grown 作 develop sth exercises designed de 〃 0 リ r muscles 2 PLAN/PRODUCT くは ] tO make a new idea, plan, or product become successful over a periOd Of time: Sc 〃れ s な・ 0 尾 d , elO. 〃 ~ 〃 g 〃 e drugs の作 ea ー 3 START TO HAVE く田 tO gradually begin tO have a quality, illness, problem etc: Some 0 0 わ 0 れ cs develop 〃 v 催 disease. 4 BECOME MORE ACTIVE 田 t0 become more active or more Of a problem, and therefore becomemorenoticeable: Tro レわな de 怩わ〃加 g 加肱 2 C 〃 S. 5 IDEA/ARGUMENT [TI tO make an argu- ment or idea clearer, by studying it more or bY speaking or writing about it ⅲ more detail: We ~ 〃 develop の 0 工 ese 〃 0 ⅲなⅲ 2 seminar. 6 LAND く [T] tO use land for the things that people need, for example bY taking minerals out Of it or by building on it: We're 0 ⅲ〃 g hear ifper- mission 〃 the 〃 d 襯 gra 〃 d. 7 PHOTOGRAPHY < [I,T] to make a photo- graph out 0f a photographic film, using chemicals 0 可 1 developed de•vel ・ oped /dl'velapt/ country/ nation/society a rich industrial country, nation etc with a lOt ofbusiness activity: 0 study 0 工 farming methods used 加 developed CO リ〃作 s .com/ pare DEVELOPING, UNDERDEVELOPED 2 a or more advanced state de ・ e ト op ・ e 「 /dl'velapoll-or/ 〃 1 [C] a person or company that buys land or buildings and hopes t0 make a profit by building new houses, roads etc: 0 〃 加 d レ立観怩〃催 2 [C,U] 曲 c 襯 a chemical substance used for developing photographs 3 late developer a child whose mental or physical growth happens more slowly than Other children Of the same age de 可・ op ・ i れ g / 山ⅳ el 叩川恒の developing country/ nation a poor country that is trying tO increase its industry and improve trade: 0 ″ 20 / e わ 0 豆 c needs 加 ma 〃 developing CO レ〃作池 S な 0 r. —compare DEVELOPED, UNDERDEVELOPED de ・》eト0P ・ ment /山・ velopmont/ 〃 1 [ 切 the grad- WI ual growth Of something, SO that it becomes bigger ormoreadvanced: 0 〃〃 e ⅲ c de 〃 me ″引ド 0 0 course 0 れ the d 側 elO. 〃襯 e 加 Greek 0 レ g を 2 [C] a new event or piece Of news that is likely tO have an effect on the present situation: 尾 ce 〃ー 0 〃 cal developments ⅲ e r 襯催 v 液 U ⅲ 0 〃 3 [C] the act or result ofmaking a product or des ign better andmoreadvanced: T e 尾わ 0 わ〃 g 〃 ca 〃ー com- 〃砒怩わ〃襯 e 加 s ざレ r 加 g 2 . 4 [U] the process 0f planning and building new houses, offices etc on a piece ofland: The 〃 d as SO 知 r d ⅵ叩 me 加 . 5 [CI a group 0f new buildings that have all been planned and built together on the same pieceofland: 0 ″ e わ 0 加 gde わ〃襯 e 〃ーー evelop - mental / 山 . velap ・ ment I</ 0 可—developmentally adv

landfill 1010 first land that you see or arrive at after a long jour- ney by sea orair: Ⅳ 2 襯 0 0 レ r れ d. 知〃ゾレ SO ″可 S の″田 wg ) ,. 恰れd ・ fill /'lændfll/ 〃 1 [U]the practice Of burying waste under the soil, or the waste buried in this way 2 [CI a place where th is waste is buried land ・ ing /'lændlo/n[Cl 1 theflooratthetop ofaset Of stairs or between tWO sets Of stairs —see picture onpage 194 2 anactofarrivingonlandorofbring- ing someth ing ontO land from the sea or air: 作 00 〃 landings 加 NO ド川 0 〃 d ) , ⅲ 794 第 crash landing/ emergency landing ( =an aircraft's sudden landing because Of trouble with the engine etc) landing charge ・ / 〃 ] c 加れ c 観 money that you have t0 pay when goods are unloaded at a port landing ( 「 a 代・ド / れ [CI a flat-bottomed boat that opens at one end tO allow soldiers and equipment tO land directly ontO a shore landing field お・・・卩科 CI a LANDING STRIP landing gear / ・ ・ / 〃 [UI an aircraft's wheels and wheel supports —see picture at AIRCRAFT landing net ・・ / 〃 [CI a net on a long handle used for 1 沮ⅲ g a fish out 0f the water after you have caught it landing stage お・・・ / 〃 [CI a wooden structure ont0 which passengers and goods are landed from boats landing strip ・・を C ] alevel piece ofground that has been prepared for aircraft tO use; AIRSTRIP 恰 nd ・恰・ dy / ・屈 nd ⅶ / れ [ C 】 1 thewoman thatyou rent a room, building, or piece Of land from 2 a woman WhO owns or iS in charge Of a PUB nd ・厄 55 / ・ lændlos/adj owning no land land•locked/'lændloktll-la:kt/adjalandlockedcoun- try is surrounded by Other countries and has no coast nd•lo 「 d /llændlo:dil-lo:rd/ れ [C] 1 the man that you rent a room, building, or piece of land from 2 a man WhO owns iS in charge Of a ptJB れ d ・ⅳ b ・ be 「 / ・ lænd,lAbaII-or/ 〃 [CI 0 : ルれ someone WhO does not have much experience Of the sea or ships ねれd ・ mark / ・ lændmo:k ト mu:rk/ 〃 ] 1 an event, idea, or discovery that marks an important part of someone 's life, ofthe development of knowledge etc: Thediscoveryofpenicillin 出 0S0 厄れ dma ⅲ e んⅳ り , 0 工 medicine. llandmark discovery/decision etc 2 ″市〃 0 ec なれⅲ NATO 2 something that is easy to recognize , such as a tall tree or building, and will help you know where you are land ・ mass /'lændmæs/n [Cltechnical a large area of land 恰れd ・ mine /'lændmmn/ ′日 CI a kind ofbomb hidden in the ground that explodes when someone walks or drives over it land of ・ fice ・・ / 〃 [C] a government ofhce ⅲ the US that records the sales ofall public land ー a れ d ・ OW れ・ e 「 / ・ lænd ) no ト 0 ( ) no 「 / れ [C] someonewho owns a large amount of land —landowning 0 可 : 2 厄〃面〃加 g の立 ra —landownership 〃は月 ねれ d re ・ form ・ド / 〃 [C,U] the political principle of sharing farm land so that more people own some Of it land re ・ 9i5 ・ t Ⅳ ・・・ / 〃 [C] a government office ⅲ Britain that keeps records about the sales and own- ersh ip Of land Land Ro e 「 ・・ / ″ ] BrE 作 0 m の大 a type of strong car made for travell ing over rough ground land ・ scapel /'lændskelp/ ″ 1 ] an area of W3 countryside or land, considered in terms Of hOW attractive it is tO 100k at: the わ ea リゆ 0 工 the Ⅳ夜む England landscape ⅲ 0 レル m れ第 deso 厄Ⅲ・わ 0 〃 landscape 2 [C] a picture showing an area of countryside or land: Cézanne's landscapes 3 [UI the painting or draw ing Of landscapes ⅲ art 4 the political/intellectual etc landscape the general situation ⅲ which a particular activity takes place: She 面 m ⅲ the 加〃 ec ル″ dscg 可 P の・な . 5 [UltechnicalLANDSCAPE MODE —seealsoabloton the landscape (BLOT2 ( 2 ) ) landscape2 v [T often passivelto make a park, gar- den etc 100k attractive and interesting by planting trees and bushes, making d ifferent levels etc landscape ar ・ chi ・ tec ・ ture ん ・・ツ U い he pro- fession or art 0f planning the way an area Of land 100kS , including roads, buildings , and planted areas —landscape architect れ [CI landscape gar ・ den ・ ing ん ・・・ / 〃 [ Ⅵ the pro- fess ion or art ofarranging gardens and parks so that they 100k attractive and interesting —landscape gardener 〃 [C] landscape mode / ・ ド / れ [CI c 加れ c 観 a piece of paper, picture, etc that has its longer edge at the top and bottom —opposite PORTRAIT MODE land ・ scap ・ er /llændskelpoll-or/ ″℃ ] AmE someone whose j0b is t0 arrange plants, paths etc ⅲ gardens and parks れ d ・ 5 ⅱ de /'lændslald/n ℃ ] 1 a suddenfall ofa 10t ofearth or rocks down a hill, cliffetc 2 a victory ⅲ an election ⅲ which one person or party gets a IOt more votes than all the others: by a landslide The SNP ca 〃市面田 0 〃 0 ″〃 d 色第厄〃 ds 〃 victory land ・ slip /llændshp/ ″ [CI a small landslide 恰れd ・ ward / リ出 ndwo 可 - wo 「 d / 0 可 facing towards the land and away 仕 om the sea: the 厄〃 d ard side 0 工 e ⅲ〃—land ・ wards / 、 lændwodzll-wordz/ adb' 恰れ e /lem/ 〃 [C] 1 a narrow road between fields or S3 houses, especially ⅲ the countryside: 0 dusty 〃 e W3 / 市昭の 50m2 cottages 2 the two or three parallel areas on a main road which are divided by painted lines tO keep fast and slow trafhc apart: the inside/ outside lane Use the 0 レな e 〃 e for 0 怩 r んⅲ g 0 〃ゆ . は he fast lane (=the lane for going past Other vehicles) 3 used in the names Of roads : 0 れ 0 ⅱ〃 Pa ん 0 れ 2 4 one 0f the narrow parallel areas marked for each competitor in a running or SWim- ming race: The C れれな r レれ〃 ~ 〃 g ~ れ ~ 住れ e V 皀 5 a line or course along wh ich ships or aircraft regularly travel between ports or airports: わ″ s. ) , s 〃ゆ〃ⅲ g 〃—see aISO life ⅲ the fast lane (FAST LANE ( 2 ) ) れ・ guage / ・ læ四Ⅷ d3 / 〃 S2 1 ENGLISH/FRENCH/ARABIC ETC< [C,UJ a WI system Of communication by written or spoken words, which is used by the people 0f a particular country or area: the 0 盟 0 〃 e 晃厄〃 g ″ ag の〃öu,' m のり , languages dO ア 0 リ speak?lnative language (=the first language you learned) 員〃市・ 's 〃 0 れ怩厄ル

1387 pommel suitable for people t0 use: Ca なル r ⅲ 0 ' S のリ g わ 0 〃ル 0 〃〃厄引 c わ ro 〃 0 〃砒〃 0 / the 襯 O$ 〃カ e 尾 2 substances that make air, water, soil etc danger- ously dirty: 加 d ″ s な・ sa 〃 dO の・ SO Ⅲ℃ es 可盟 0 〃″ 0 可 0 〃 0 れ 0 〃 0 / 〃 rogram 襯をの cut s ″ゆわ″ r d x 2 0 〃″行 0 〃 POI•Iy ・ an ・ na /. pnliiænall,pa:-/ 〃 usually singularl someone wh0 is always cheerful and always thinks something good is going tO happen P040 / 、 po ( わ可・ PO ( 月 0 ( ) / 〃 [UI a game played between tWO teams Of players riding horses, whO hit a small ball with. long-handled wooden hammers —see also WATER POLO P0ト0 ・ naise /. polo ・ neull,pa:-/ 〃 [C,U] a SIOW POlish dance popular ⅲ the 19th century, or the music for this dance po neck ・・ / 〃 [CI BrEa shirt or SWEATER with a high, close-fitting band around the neck that is rolled down; TURTLENECK AmE —polo-neck 0 の : 0 0 ん neck sweater —see picture on page 1168 po ー 0 shi 杙 / ・・・・ / 〃 [ClashirtwithshortsLEEvEsanda collar, made out Of soft cotton material pol•ter ・ geist / ・ poltog 田 s ・ po ( 引い司〃 [CI a spiritthat makes Obj ectS move around and causes strange nolses po ト t 「 00n /pnl'tru:nllpa:l-/ れ [C] 01d use a COWARD pol•y /'polilllpa:li/ 〃 [C] BrE わ ifor 襯観 a POLYTECHNIC po ツ - /PDII'IPU:-/ ・ x many: 0 斗〃 0 c (=with three or more SYLIABLFß) ゆ 0 0 〃 d り , pol•y ・ an ・ dry /,poli'ændri, 'pnliændrill,pa:li'ændri/ 〃 [U] c 加 ca ハ he custom or practice Of having more than one husband at the same time —compare BIG- AMY , POLYGAMY ー・ polyandrous ん PDli ・記 nd 「 0 l, pa• / pol•y ・ an ・ thus /. po ⅱ n0 。引。 p 。 : - / 〃 , Ⅵ a small gar- den plant with a group Of round brightly-coloured flowers at the top of each stem po ト y ・ es ・ te 「 /'poliesto, ,poli'estö<ll'pa:liestor/ 〃 [U] a man-made material used to make cloth pol•y ・ eth ・ y ・ lene 朝Ⅳ e0 引 i : 可 . 四 : - / 〃ーⅥ AmE a strong light plastic used t0 make bags, sheets for covering fOOd, small containers etc; POLYTHENE BrE po•lyg ・ a ・ my / po 山 gomi / れは月 c 観 the custom or practice ofhaving more than one husband or wife at the same time ⅲ a society where this is allowed —compare BIGAMY, MONOGAMY —polygamous ad. ノ po ト y ・ 0t 節曲 9 p 。 : llg t 恒可知 rm 観 speaking or using many languages; MULTILINGUAL —polyglot 〃 [CI po ト y ・ 90 れ / ・ pohgonll'pa:hgu:n/ 〃 [C] c んⅲ c 襯 a flat shape with three or more s ides —polygonal / pa ・ h90n0 リ 2 可 pol•y ・ graph /'pohgra:fllipa:hgræf/ 〃℃い e 曲ⅲ c 襯 a piece 0f equipment that is used by the police tO find out whether someone is tell ing the truth; LIE DETECTOR po ト y ・ he ・ d 「 0 れ朝曲・ hi : d い可 , pa : - / 可 C ] asolidshape with many s ides pol•y ・ math 尸 p ⅶ m 『 pa : - / 〃 [C]formal someone wh0 has a 10t Of knowledge about many different subj ects 1000 , 2000 , 3000 mo 引 frequent words in Spoken and Written English pol•y ・ mer /ipohmoll'pa:lmor/ 〃 [C] a chemical com- pound that has a simple structure 0f large MOLECULFS po ト y ・ mo 「・ phous /. PD 扉 rno : fos 可 , 四 : ll ・ mo : 「 - / also pol ・ ymor ・ phic /-flk</ 0 c 加ⅱ ca ~ having many forms, styles etc during different stages Of growth or development POI•YP /'polåpll'pa:-/ 〃 [C] 1 a very simple sea ani- mal that has a b0dy like a tube 2 a small lump that 部、 OWS inside someone's bOdy and iS caused by an illness po ・ツ ph ・ 0 ・れ y /po'llfoni/ ″ [U] a kind 0f music ⅲ WhiCh several different notes sung or played together at the same time —polyphonic /,pol:'fomk<ll,pa:ll'fa:-/adj po ト y ・ p 「 0 ・ py ・厄 ne ん PDII 判っ叩 : 可 . p 。ⅲ・ pro ( ) - / ″ [UI a hard light plastic material P04Y5 ・ e ・ mous /polllsåmos, . PD 扉 si : mo 引 -. pa : ト / 0 の c ca ~ a polysemous word has tWO or more diffe- rent meanings —polysemy 〃 [U] pol•y ・ sty ・ rene /tpDll'stmri:n<II,pa:-/n[Ul especially BrE a soft light plastic material that prevents heat or cold from passing through it, used especially for making containers; STYROFOAM ス襯 E 作 ade 襯 ar ん po ト y ・ sy Ⅱ a ・ b 厄 / ' p 司い心 b 可ド p 。 : - / 〃 [C]technical a word that contains more than three SYLLABLFß —polysyllabic /,pnlßl'læblk<ll,pa:-/adj pol•y ・ tech ・ nic/,pD11'tekmkll,pa:-/n[C]akind0fBrit- ish college similar t0 a university, which provided training and degrees ⅲ many subjects, and existed until 1993 pol•y ・ the ・ is ・ m /'pD110iazamII'pa:-/ 〃 [U] the belief that there is more than one god —compare MONO- THEISM —polytheistic /,pD110ihst1k<ll,pa:-/ 0 pol•y ・ thene / ・ po Oi : 可・ pa : - / 〃 [U] BrE a strong light plastic used tO make bags, sheets for covering f00d, small containers etC ; POLYETHYLEN E AmE pol•y ・ un ・ sat ・ u ・ rate /. PD ⅱ ^ n 、 Jo 「 , p 。 : - / 〃 ] a FATTY ACID ( =chemical that helps your bOdy produce energy) that iS POLYUNSATURATED /. p ⅶ An ・ s 田叮 0 代 d . 四 : - / pol•y ・ un ・ sat ・ u ・ ra ・ ted 0 山 polyunsaturated fats or Oils come from vegeta- bles and plants, and are cons idered t0 be better for your health than animalfats —compare SATURATED FAT plastic used tO make paints and VARNISH pom /pomllpa:m/n[ClAustrE, NZEslanganinsulting word for an EngIish person, especially one whO has gone tO live ⅲ AustraIia or New Zealand PO ・ made /po'merd, p mu : 町 po び me 記 / 〃 [Ul a sweet- smelling 0iIy substance rubbed on men's hair tO make it smoo 山 , which was used especially ⅲ for- mer times PO ・ man ・ der/poo'mændo, po'mæn-llipoomændor/n [Cl a box or ball that contains dried flowers and HERBS and is used tO make clothes or a room smell pleasant pom ・ e ・ 9 れ・ ate 朝 om n ド pa : mo - / れ ] a round fruit that has a IOt 0f small seeds, red juicy flesh, and a thick reddish skin pom ・ mell /'mmol/n [CI 1 the high, rounded part at the front Of a SADDLE イ 1 ) on a horse —see picture at HORSEI 2 the round end 0f a sword handle