whale 2054 SI in the sea and 100kS like a fish, but is actually a MAMMAL 2 have a whale Of a time ル r 襯 0 / to enjoy yourself very much whaIe2 v whale into 襯 E to start attacking someone whale ・ bone /'wellboonll-boon/ 〃 [UI a hard sub- stance taken from the upper jaw Of whales, used in the past for making women's clothes stiff whal•er 尸 we ⅱ 0 ト 0 「 / 〃 ] 1 someone who hunts whales 2 a boat which goes to hunt whales whal•ing / ・ we 山り / 〃 [UI the activity of hunting whales Wha m 1 /wæm/ ⅲな ec 行 0 〃 1 used to describe the sound ofsometh ing suddenly hitting something else very hard: The c の・ e 厩 0 襯ⅲ加 the u Ⅵ〃 . 2 used tO express the idea that something very unexpected suddenly happens: ん阨な going 観 0 ″ g 〃 e ゆ 0 〃 d 市 e ″ , わ 0 襯 , ) , 0 ″わ se 0 ・わ . wham 2 〃 ] the sound made when something is hit very hard wham ・ my /'wæmi/n [CI put the whammy on sb to use mag1C powers tO make someone have bad luck —see alSO DOUBLE WHAMMY whatl /wotllwa:t, WAt/ 盟 red ・ m ⅲ・ , determiner, 〃 ro 〃 1 used when asking questions about a thing or person, or a kind Of thing or person that you do not know anything about: Ⅳわ 0 [ 0 尾 ) , 0 レ doing?l Ⅳん 0 ー co んⅢ・な the ″夜 0 car 〃引 " Ⅳん 0 ー do ) , 0 レ do?" ・ 'T 襯 0 0 既 ' 1 Ⅳわ砒 ' S 財れ夜 0 boss 〃ん e Ⅳん砒面 0 ″ mean, 0 ″ 0 〃ー spend Christmas 0 〃 e ? 2 used especially ⅲ indirect questions to talk about things or information: ーわ el 怩 w わ砒 he 襯 e.l S わ 0 田 me わ 0 い , 0 ″わ 0 ″ g カー T わの , ' 尾 discussing カ 0 ー d0 〃たは do 〃 7 ん〃 0 カ 0 ー , 0 〃加んわ砒既 0 リ as ん襯 2 it's 0 as oftime.l She ga 怩ん i 襯 w わ 0 ー 襯 0 れの , s 〃 2 ん ad. (=all the money she had, although she did not have much) 3 0 ん e れ used at the begin- ning Of a statement tO emphasize what you are going tO say: Ⅳわ 0 ー肱 0 ーん needs な some 0 れ d 0 行新Ⅳん砒 ' 〃面な 0 0 〃 0 知 rM レ m 〃 ん催 we 純〃 7 加わ ac ん〃 . 4 what? $ 〃 a) used tO ask someone to repeat something they have just said because you didn't hear ⅱ properly: " 〃 0 ) 0 レ got 0 〃 / could わ 0 ℃ w ? " " Ⅳわ砒 ? " b) used during conversations when you have heard someone talking to you and want to tell them to con- tinue: "Elaine!" " Ⅳわ 0 に " ・尾 ) , 0 レ coming?" ( ) used tO show that you are surprised by what someone has said: "My 0 〃 ' S 襯な s ⅲ g. ' " Ⅳわ 0 に " 5 s. 〃 0 ん e 〃 used at the beginning ofa sentence to show that you think something is very good, very bad etc: Ⅳわ砒 0 ん怩 day ! (=the weather is good 刃Ⅳわ砒 0 わ 0 な i わ thing の面 / 6 what about... ? $ 〃 0 〃 a) usedtomakeasuggestion: Ⅳん砒 0 わ 0 砒 Czec ん os - va ん液 - ル ra わ 0 〃 da what about doing Ⅳわ 0 わ 0 リー go g の 0 mo ⅲ e な , e 〃ⅲ g ? b) used to introduce a new person or th ing int() conversation: ′れ 0 ー 0 わ 0 P 砒 c ん 3 Ⅳわ砒 ' S 〃 2 doing 〃 0 0 0 ) , s We've c わ os ロ加工 00 〃 0 , 〃 0 ー 0 わ 0 砒 2 ⅲに 7 ltell yo u what s. 〃 0 〃 used to make an offer or sugges- tion ゴ〃レ肥〃砒 , ll 〃怩 ) , 0 レ ! 20 工の・″ . 8 guess what ! s. 〃 0 ん used before telling someone some exciting or surprising news: Guess わ 0 だ 0 ″ 2 ' Sg 可 - れ〃 g m の ? 加 d. 9 what ( … ) fO 「 ? s. 〃 0 ″ a) why?: "She's decided work 0 滝ⅵ me. " " Ⅳれ 0 ー / br b) used t0 ask what purpose somethinghas: Ⅳわ 0 だ S な gadget. r ? 10 〃 0 ん e ″ used to give yourself time tO think before guessing a number or amount: Yo レ ' 尾 / 00 んⅲ g 0 な w わ 0 な 0 ⅸ ) 砒 4000. ル r 0 decent seco 〃 d 劬 0 〃 dc の・ . 11 what ・ 5 his/her/its namealso what d'you call him/her/it $ 〃 0 ん used when talk- ing about a person or thing whose name you cannot immediately remember: The わ os. 〃″ 0 ~ わ 0 怩ノレ立 g 0 , w カ襯 d 釦レ ca 〃広既 .. 0 new sca 〃〃 12 (and) what ・ 5 more 0 ん e 〃 used when adding something tO what you have already said, especially when it is excitingor interesting: T わ esede ー erge 〃な aree れしわ・ 0 〃 - 襯〃 ) , 女池〃 d ゆ , w わ 0 だ S 襯 0 尾 , の , ' 尾尾厄行怩ゆ c ん ea. な 13 what's what s. 〃 0 ん e 〃 what a situation is really 1 ike as opposed to what people say it is like, or what they try and make you believe: S のなわ〃 e 尾加知鷓 e ' 〃″レだ S 田加た 14 what the hell/devil/blazes... ?/what in God ′ 5 name/ heaven ・ 5 name... ? 。 s. 〃 0 〃 used to ask ⅲ an extremely angry or surprised way what is happen- ing, what someone is doing etc: Ⅳわ 0 カ e ん e 〃 do 0 レ ⅲん ) , 0 広尾 do 加 g?l Ⅳわ 0 ーⅲ God's 〃 0 襯ビ収〃 she 加ん可〃に 15 what the hell! s. 〃 0 〃 used to say that you have dec ided tO dO someth ing even though it is very expensive, difficult etc: 0 ん , カ 0 ー the カ el 〃 lt's ) , 0 ・わか dg ) , , だ S わ 0 c わ 0 襯〃 ag 〃巳′ 16 … or what? s. 〃 0 ん e ″ used to show that you are lmpatient when asking a question or because you think there is only one possible answer to the ques- tion: Are ) , 0 リ coming 曲 e ″ , or w ん 0 には S 0 ー or ん going 加加〃なわ ed の , Friday or わ 0 に 17 50 what? s. 〃 0 ん 2 れ used to say that you do not care about something or tO tell someone angrily that something doesnotconcern " YO レ′〃 Z00 ん Tracey. "SO わ 0 に " 18 you what? s_ 〃 0 e 〃 used tO ask someone to repeat something they have just said, ⅲ a way people think is not polite : "Could レ get 2 わレ″催 0 砒可 the 介 !g " " YO ″ 田わ 0 に” b) used to show that you are surprised: ・ 7 got the わ . ′ " " ) のレ u,' カ 0 に ' ' 19 what if... $ 〃 0 ん 2 〃 a) usedtomakeasuggestion: Ⅳわ 0 ー ifwegoandseea . 襯 tomot ・ rownight? b) used toask whatwill hap- pen, usually if an unpleasant or frightening situ- ation happens: Ⅳん 0 れ / 、 eg burgled わ〃 e we ' 尾 0 〃 わ 0 〃 d のワ 20 ... and what have you 0 ん e 〃 usee at the end 0fa list ofthings to mean other things of a similar kind: The shelves werecrammed ″わわ 00 ん s , dOC レ襯 e 〃な , 0 〃わ 0 ーわ 0 0 レ . 21 have what it ta kes 〃 0 ん e 〃 tO have the right qualities or skills ⅲ order tO succeed: / ん c ん 0 〃 Jordi's go れカ 0 ⅱ 0 ん es 加 0 〃われ催〃″ 0 ~ 工 0 わ 0 ″催 . 22 what's with a) A 襯 Es. 〃 0 ん e ″ used toask a person or group ofpeo- ple whO are behaving strangely or violently, why they are behaving in this way: Ⅳわ 0 だ S ″わ ) , 0 レ 〃 eo_ 〃 ? b) used t0 ask the reason for something: Ⅳわ 0 だ S w ″カ the カ・〃 d 々 0 れ d わ e 催 3 23 what 0f it? $ 〃 0 ん e 〃 used to say that you do not care about something or to tell someone angrily that something does not concern them: ・ 7 hear you've ゾ″ got 0 〃 e ca に " "Yes, ん 0 ー 0 / it?"

1603 ⑥ SPOKEN PHRASES 15 ー m ust say used when you want tO emphasize what you are saying: We 〃 , that's clevet ・ , ー m リ立 sg ) , ! は襯″ say ″ made 襯 e ノリ襯〃 . 16 ー can ・ t say (that) used tO say that you defi- nitely d0 not think or feel something:lcan't say ー e 〃懼わ催加加 g 襯 0 〃・ him! 17 havi n g sai d that used before saying some- thing that makes the opinion you have just given seem less strong: 〃 0 〃〃 0 ん d 濯〃 7 dO 0 怩り , good わ , わ砒わ砒 , 加 g 砒は面〃 7 ⅲん一 CO 襯 d 砒沼 done 0 〃 ) , わ e ″・ . 18 say n 0 more used tO show that you under- stand what someone means, although it has not been said directly: ・ 7S0 ー襯砒 , ⅲ g カ催ア 0 [ 6.30 な襯の・〃ⅲ g. ' "Say 〃 0 襯 0 尾 ! " 19 enough said used t0 say that something is clear, and does not need tO be explained any further 20 1'd rather n Ot say used when you d0 not want tO tell someone something: "SO 田ん at の℃ 0 Ⅲ・ 〃厄れ s 〃 0 ? " ・ 'l'd ra 催〃 sg 0 わ e 襯 0 襯 e 〃た ' 21 you can say that again! used tO say that you completely agree with someone: "GOSh, ″ 's れ dg ) ,. " " YO リ ca 〃 say 市観 0g0 加 ! ” 22 say when used t0 ask someone tO tell you when tO stop dOing something, especially pouring them a drink 23 wh0 says? used tO say that you dO not agree with a statement, opinion etc: Ⅳわ 0 says 7 わ 0 の れ尾 0 こ 60 ? 24 whO can say? used tO say that nobody knows the answer tO a question: Ⅳん 0 ca れ say れ〃・ の , ' 〃盟・五″ d 0 c 盟℃ ? 25 who's tO say? used t0 say that your judgment 0f a situation might not be correct, because you can never be sure what will happen ⅲ the future: But whO's say 0 ー she 0 ″ 7 dO わ e な 0 ″わ i 襯 ⅲ the end? 26 what dO you say? used tO ask someone ifthey agr 、 ee witha suggestion: ⅣéCO レ go ⅲ盟の・ e た s 〃 , ・田わ 0 ー dO 0 レ say?lwhat 0 you say we d0 sth? Ⅳわ 0 ー dO ) , 0 レ say we 0 ″ go 加 0 movie?l what dO / woul you say tO ( 0 ⅲ g ) sth? Ⅳわ砒 0 ″ ) , 0 レ sa ア 0 meal 0 リ 27 you don ・ t say! used t0 show that you are not at all surprised by what someone has just tOld you 28 say the word used tO tell someone they have only t0 ask and you will d0 what they want: レ s の材加 word の滬 l'll get rid 可れ催 . 29 ドⅱ say this fO 「 him/her etc used when you want tO mention something good about someone, especially when you have been criticizing them:l 襯 say な知 r Tom ー砒 0 he's CO 〃 s な加 . 30 say what you like especially BrE used when giving opin ion that you are sure iS correct, even if the person you are talking t0 might dis- agreewithyou: Say れ砒 0 レれん e , s わ e ' Sa 怩 good 襯 0 er. 31 whatever you say used t0 tell someone that you agree t0 dO what they want' accept their OPin- ion etc, especially because you d0 not want an argument 32 can ・ tsayfairerthan thatBrEusedt0 say that you have given the best Offer that you can: l'll g れ ) , 0 レ ! 25. ル r ″ , イ ca ″ sg 厄わ℃ r 0 〃 0 れ 1000 , 2000 , 3000 mostfrequent words in Spoken and Written English 33 you sa id it ! a) used when someone says something that you agree with, although you would not have actually said it yourself: ・ 7 as 観田の , s s ルわわ or 〃 as 0 ん滬 . " ・・ YO レ said な ! " b) AmE used tO say that you agree with someone: " ん可 ' Sgo ome. " " YO ″ sa な ! II 襯れ尾 d. 34 what have you gotto say fO 「 yourself? used tO ask someone for an explanation when they have done something wrong: ん e 0g0 ⅲ ? Ⅳわ at わ 0 ) , 0 リ got s の , 知 r ) , 0 レ el. 35 that ・ 5 not saying much used tO emphasize that something is not very strange or unusual: She's ー襯 r 0 〃 me, わ砒 l'm 0 れゆ 5 2 , SO 砒 な 7 saying 襯レ c ん 36 when a 5 said and done used tO remind someone about an important POint that they should remember: Ⅳカ e 〃 0 ″な said 0 ″ d done, he's 0 〃な , nineyearsold— d0 がズ〃 ec 00 much• 37 ー wouldn ・ t say no (t0) used tO say that you would like something, and would accept if you were offered it:l 田 0 d 〃 'ts の , ″ 0 0 c レ〃 0 工 CO. ガ . 38 lsay 祝 d : 危 s ⅲ 0 〃配 a) BrE used tO get some- one's attention: ー say, CO レ 0 〃 pass me 0 わ 00 ん ? b) used t0 shOW you are slightly inter- ested, angry etc: "MY れレ s わ 0 〃 d ' S 〃 0d0 " ・ 'ls の , ! l'm sorry ね hear 0 た” ⑦ OTHER MEANINGS 39 gowithout saying usedtosaythatsomething is so clear that it does not really need t0 be stated: れ goes わ 0 saying 市 l'll return the 襯 0 れの , 可 r 出 ards. 40 tO say the least used t0 say that you could have described something, criticized someone etc a 10t more severely than you have: 0 〃 e CO リわ 0 怩 わ een mo 尾 CO ″ s ・ 0 の say 0 . 41 that is to say used before describing what you mean ⅲ more detail: ん ' Sd0 as hesuggested, 0 こ な加 say, ) 0 レア面〃 0 〃 d l'll bring the car. 42 that ・ 5 not tO say used t0 make it clear that something is not true, when you think someone mightthink that it is: That's 〃 0 0S0 ) 砒 10g e ″ん w れ 0 ー ) , 0 レ ' 尾 dOing, ofcourse. 43 not tO say especially BrE used t0 show that you could have used a stronger word tO describe something: れ出 0 襯 d s 〃 , 〃 0 0 say 襯 ad , sell ) 0 リ r car. say 45 / 100 years/Tuesday etc used t0 sug- gest a possible example, amount etc when discuss- ing something: T れの , m リ立 owe sa 2 , 000 加尾〃 Ca 〃 0 リ come ね d 加〃 e Sa 必 7.30 ? 45 there ・ 5 no saying how/what/when etc used tO say that ⅱ is impossible tO know something: There's 〃 0 saying れ砒加 ' 〃 dO next• 46 nothing/something/not much etc tO be said fO 「 used tO say that there are a 10t 0f, not many etc good reasons for dOing something: There 's 0 IO 材 0 be 覊 r 昭 0 days 0 0 田 0 d 市 e ルは 47 tO say nothing Of used t0 say that you have described only some 0fthe bad P0ints about some- thing: れ was 0 〃田 as 0 アれ me , say 〃 0 盟 - ing 可襯レ加 stress 0 e だ [continued on next pagel

mea culpa 1126 0 れ 2 測僞 r たん as e. You may alSO hear this ⅲ spoken English, but it 0 れ e Ⅱ sounds much formal orpompous: ″ . い 加お次ー 0 れ d ー・ ego 加 g 20 を era. You c 田 1 avoid using either by rephrasing your sentence: Ⅳ住 one Ⅲ as c 物加 was.l T ん 2 20 れおー 0 襯 go 加 gtO 肭 20 を 0 出なれ襯 々〃 d. me ・ a cul•pa /,me10 ・ k 国 po / ⅲな ec れ 0 〃ん 0 行〃れリ mor - 0 レ s used tO admit that something is your fault mead /mi:d/ ″ 1 [UI an alcoholic drink made from HONEY 2 [CI 〃 oe れ c a meadow mead ・ OW / ・ medo 可 - do ( ) 々日 C] a field with wild grass and flowers —see SO WATER MEADOW mead ・ OW ・恰「k / ・ medo ( ) : k ト d00 に : 「 k / 〃 [CI a brown North American bird with a yellow front mea ・ 9「e BrEmeagerAmE / ・ mi : g 可 -0 「 / 0 山 a meagre amount Of fOOd, money etc is t00 small and is much less than you need: 〃 ag 尾 wagesla 襯 eag ・ diet - ・ meagr 、 ely adv —meagreness 〃 [U] S2 meal/mi:l/ 〃 1 [CI an occasion when you eat food, W2 for example breakfast or lunch: Dinner な the 襯ⅲ〃 襯 / 可ツ加 dayfor 襯 0 〃 e 叩厄 3 Ⅳんれ〃 0 尾 ) , 0 リ having ) , 0 Ⅲ・襯 2 観 go (out) for a meal 4 ″・ the movie we こむ 2 〃 [. r 0 meal in 0 Chinese res ー 0 レ ra 〃 [ 3 take/ask sb out for a meal Ⅳわ ) , do ″ 7 0 ″ as んわ 0 砒知 ra 襯 ea に 2 [C] the food that you eat on a par- ticular occasion: 4 れ c 〃 cooked us 0 ん怩ゆ F 尾〃 c わ ″ 0 こ一 0 し色 CO ″ rse ″ 0 ~ —see alSO square (SQUARE 2 ( 7 ) ) 3 [U] grain that has been crushed intO a powder, for making flour or animal fOOd —see also BONE MEAL 4 make a meal 0f informal tO spend tOO much time or effort dOing something: 2 made 0 realmeal 0 ″ー Of 〃の・ん加 g ec の・ . mea ・ lie /lmi:li/ 〃 [C, U] SAfrE MAIZE, or a piece of malze meal tick ・ et ・・ / ″℃ ] 1 ⅲ知 r 襯観 something or someone that you depend on tO give you money or food 2 a card that gives you the right to have free or cheaper meals at school or work in the US meal•time /lmi:ltmm/ 〃℃ ] a time during the day when you have a meal: T わ eo 〃襯 e lsee them な 0 ー ″ ~ ea 〃わ〃 es. meal•y /lmi:li/ 0 可 1 fruit or vegetables that are mealy are dry and dO not taste good: mealy 〃 0 es 2 containing MEAL ( 3 ) mealy-mouthed 、 0 山 not brave enough or honest enough to say clearly and directly what you really th ink S1 meanl /mi:n/ v ] 〃 0 〃 0 〃 d 〃 0 立〃 at ⅵ c ゆ厄 WI meant /ment/ 1 HAVE A PARTICULAR MEANING く [not ⅲ progress ive] tO have or represent a particular mean- ing: " Ⅳわ 0 ー does ・ん 0 〃わ 0 〃 wa ' 襯 ea 〃ⅲ English?" ・第 m ・ G00dE 怩〃ⅲ g : ' 1 The red 〃 g 厩襯 ea れ s ・ & 叩 . 1 what is meant by ( ニ what someth ing means) Ⅳ〃 な襯 ea 〃ーわ ) , 2 r 襯・ ra 〃 dom access'.?lmean (that) T わなⅵ g 〃 0 ~ meansyour message れ as わ een ′℃ ce れ沼 d. 2 INTEND TO SAY STH い ot ⅲ progressivel tO intend a particular meaning when you say some- thing: mean (that) ー mea 〃れ ' d ん 0 怩の / 20 怩 e のカ , ー that'sall.lwhat you mean/what she means etc So w ん砒 he m 田な肭砒 e ' 〃々 0 怩の s the ん 0 ん thing 0g0 ⅲ . 3 ー mean 〃 0 んビ〃 a) used when explaining or giv- ing an example Of someth ing, or when pausing tO think about what you are going to say next: 〃 's - 0 〃 v 群 1 rude ー / 襯 ea 〃わ 2 〃夜尼 r 夜沼〃 says ・ GOOd グör 〃ⅲ g'.l れ丿レ立〃 0 い g / ル / mean it's ″な厄わ・な〃 7 ″ ? b) used to quickly correct someth ing you have just said: ShepIays 曲 e 祝ⅲゴ me の加ⅲ 0 れ尾観 4 d0 you know whatl mean?/if you know whatl mean s. 〃 0 ん e 〃 used when checking that someone has understood what you are saying: T わな ) , ear ー 0 〃 0 わ , わ・ some 加 g 尾襯ゆ special. Do ) , 0 リ〃 0 w 〃 0 ー / 5 (dO) you mean … ? s. 〃 0 ″ used when chécking that you have understood what someone has said : YO ″ mea 〃 e ' 尾 s ″〃〃 osed / い 0 レ既 wewa れ 0 0 怩 6 ー know what you mean s. 〃 0 雇″ used to tell some- one that you understand what they are talking about, because you have had the same experience yourself: 0 わ , ーん〃 0 exa けゆ w カ 0 い , 0 レ mean. Things 〃ん e 〃ー d 怩 me crazy の 0. 7 lsee what you mea n s. 〃 0 ん e 〃 used to tell someone that you now understand what they have been say- ing: Yes, lsee カ 0 い , 0 ″ m 〃 . T わ 0 む 0 襯 d わ e the わ e 0 ) , ね dO ″ . 8 see wh at ー m ean? s. 〃 0 ん e 〃 used when checking that someone has understOOd something you have said, often by showing them ån example 0f it: See / 一一 mea 〃 ? E じ e り , 襯 es わ eca ″ Sme レ〃 s わ e 0 〃な襯 e 加 dO SO 襯わ加 g 知 r わ・ . 9 th at ・ 5 whatl mean s. 〃 0 ん e 〃 used when someone is saying the same thing that you were trying tO say earlier: "Wemight ″わ 0 e ″ 0 ″ g わ mo 〃の ,. " "That's わ 0 ーー襯〃 , SO we'd な催れ d 0 レこ 2 〃化 rs れ " 10 hOW dO you mean?spoken used toask someone tO explain what they have just sa id or tell you more about it: "Hesays hefinds ″市類 c レ″ 0 れ i 襯お . " " 〃 0 0 ) , 0 リ mea 〃 2 " 11 what dO you mean … ? 0 ん e 〃 a) used when you dO not understand what someone is trying t0 say b) used when you are very surprised or annoyed bywhatsomeonehasjustsaid: ルわ 0 ー dO ) , 0 レ 襯川 . 川″加 ca 〃 ce 〃 the 加〃 d の芍 W カ砒面レ mean の , ″に 12 ー mean to sayspokenused whenaddingareason or explanat ion for something you have just said , especially something you feel strongly about : 0 工 COIIR ・ seshe 0 〃なの see ec ん〃 d だ e 川一″ 0 〃 say, it's 13 SAY WHICH PERSON/THING ー mean sb/ sth ″〃 ) , s. 〃 0 〃 used t0 say that a particular per- son or th ing is the one that you are talking about, pointing tO etc: " 〃の , ) , 0 レ / " "DO 0 レ襯れ襯に " は d ″ 7 mean 0 ー 0 〃 2 , ー m20 ′な 0 〃 e. 14 INTEND (SB)TO DO (STH) く〃 ec 液め , spo- ん e 〃 tO intend t0 dO something or intend that some- one else should dO something: mean t0 d0 sth l've わ″襯〃ⅲ g の〃わ 0 〃 e ) , 0 レ 0 〃 w んは d 〃 7 襯 20 れ加 ⅲなリ〃ー ) , 0 Ⅲ・ meal.l mean sb tO dO sth 0 わ〃 0 ! ー 〃 ev 夜・襯 20 ″ーわの read those comments.l mean for sb t0 は 0 sth 〃 ec , AmE:Ididn't ″ 0 〃知 r わ get 加砿た—see also mean no harm (HARMl(3)) 15 mea n busi ness to be determ ined tO dO some- thing even if it involves hurting someone, or be very serious about something: We've got [ 0 ShOW these

2055 happen next, what you should dO etc 24 now what? $ 〃 0 ん 2 〃 used tO ask what is going t0 Frequencies Of what in spoken and written English. w heel Frequencies Of whatever ⅲ spoken and written OK 丘 20 僕 ) IOO mKEN W 砌 EN 200 EngIish. 300 「 million 808 「 million Based 00 化山 Sh Nattonal ( 0 「 pu 、 and the Longman CO 「 p し 5 ThiS graph 5h0W5 that what is much more common in spoken EngIish than in written English. This is because it is used tO ask questions. and it iS used in a lOt Of common spoken ph 「あ es. 1000 , 2000 , 3000 mo 引 frequent words in Spoken and Written English ⅲ g , ノ靨 [ 知 ra c わ 0 〃 ge. " "OK, わ 0 v 催 0 リ sg not really agree or want tO dO it: ・ 7m0 〃 0g0 camp- them or will d0 what they want, Often when you d0 〃 0 2 な used t0 tell someone that you agree w ith ever. 7 whatever you say/whatever you think “ S わ 0 〃ー ca 〃 ) 0 レのⅲ g わーの・ tomorrow?" " Ⅳわ 0 な are not interested when they ask you something: 6 s. 〃 0 ん 2 〃 used to tell someone that you d0 not care or " J00 〃 ' S ar なⅲ g Sa れ s ん r ″ . " " Ⅳわ 0 r れ e ズ " he m 〃 whatever next! (=used t0 show surprise) ing a statement or asking a question: Ⅳわ 0 v ca ″ tO show that you are angry or surprised when mak- clothing, わ 00 な , 0 d わ 0 怩 r . 5 $ 〃 0 ん used 0 れ . し .. and whatever else Bring wa r. 〃 0 可、 ・ 0加g わ 0 ズ es , bags, or わ 0 v 催 wasstopped の , the t0 mean Other things Of the same kind: 〃 ) , 0 れ e s 〃 whatever 0 ん e 〃 used after naming things on a list S 怩 , or 田わ ev 催 he's called, s レ〃盟 e 4 ... 0 「 name ofsomeone or something: みれ ) , dO 〃 ' 0 レわ , ″ e tO say that you dO not know the exact meaning or 催 0 レざ 0 , I 0 〃 ) , 0 ″ es 0 ロ r. 3 spokenused 盟・ thecost,l whatever you d0$ 〃 0 ん e 〃 : DO がなん砒 - 観 0 ) , s disagrees.l The わリ〃 d ⅲ g 襯リⅵ怩 d カ 0 な does not change the situation: Ⅳ々 0 v 7 suggest, he important what happens, what you dO etc because it wa 〃ル r C 加・ i 立 mas. 2 used tO say that it is not 0 〃面 ' S dad m わ eco ″ん 0 怩 u 砒 , 夜納 e needed, or possible: 〃éゆ yout ・ self わ 0 v 催 0 リ 〃 ro 〃 1 any or all 0f the things that are wanted, What ・ ev ・ e「1 /wot'evolwo:t'evor, WAt-/ determiner, ん e 〃 the 田わ 0 わ 0 襯 000 〃 0 れ my わ ag. cannot remember the name Of something: l've か・ 0- WI kn:l-, ・ WAt-/ 〃 [CI 0 ん e な a word you use when you S1 what ・ cha ・・ call•it / ・ WDt 」る m k ェ llt 『 wa : 叮 0m0- 〃可 g れル rs , relatives, 0 〃 d 介〃 ds 曲催 e , the わ 0 レ齔 made someone 'feel a particular way: Ⅳわ 0 ー i sons that have made something happen or have 2 what with 挈 0 ん e 〃 used t0 introduce a list Of rea- all)l We 襯加 0 〃な , わ砒田わ砒 does ″ ma ″催 ? Ⅳわ 0 ーざ 0 ) , 0 リ ca 0 わ 0 砒 it?()l don'tthink you careat what degr 、 ee or ⅲ what way something matters: what2 0 v 1 used especially ⅲ questions tO ask tO 00 the 市 Sh Nattonal 〔 0 「 p し、田地 the Longman い n ( aS い ! ( 0 「 p し 5 ThiS graph 5h0W5 that whatever iS more common in spoken EngIish than in written EngIish. This is because it iS used in a lOt Of common spoken phrases. direction: at/behind the wheel ( =driving a car turn tO make a car, ship etc move in a particular piece Of equipment in the shape Of a wheel that you 3 FOR CONTROLLING A VEHICLE ] the rates: 0 ge の・ wheel machine that turns round when the machine ope- 2 A MACHINE ℃ ] a flat round part in a —see picture on page 193 under a car, bus, bicycle etc that turn when it moves 1 ON A VEHICLE < [CI one ofthe round things W3 S2 wheell /wi:I/n[CI 襯 . sb She managed wheedle 0 〃 extra d の , ' S 〃の , 0 砒可 れ襯 m ⅵ厩 0 〃の , ⅲ g Ⅱ wheedle sth from/ out Of わ襯ⅲ g じ c の wheedle sb intO 0 ⅲ g sth 〃 2 by say ing pleasant things which you dO not mean: 0 whee ・ d 厄 / ・ wi :dl/ v 圧 T い 0 try tO persuade someone happiness or excitement whee /wi:/ ⅲ四 c れ 0 〃 used bY' children tO express flour made from whOle grains Of wheat wheat ・ meal/lwi:tmi:l/n [U] especia 〃 ), BrEa brown a grain Of wheat wheat ・ germ /lwi:td33:mll-d33:rm/ n[Ulthe centre 0f rid of the others choose the good and useful things or people and get 田わ e 砒 3 separate the wheat from the chaff tO from 2 the plant thatthis grain growson: 0 カ eldO. 工 wheat /wi:t/ 〃 [UI 1 the grain that bread is made な decision. EVER: PoliticalfactorspIayed 〃 0 〃 0 ん 0 な oe しⅲ adv used tO emphas ize a negative statement; WHAT- What ・ 50 ・・・ e 「 /. wo い 0 び ev 可。 wa : tSO び evo 「 , IWAt-/ want: Try 0 d レれ dO thescrew get the わ 0 な″ 0 ガ you use when you cannot th ink Of the word you whats ・ it /'wntqtll'wa:ts-, ・ WAts-/ 〃℃い〃 0 ん e 〃 a word small pretty objects shelves used espec ially ⅲ the 19th century t0 show 秋可 the car. 2 [CI a piece Of furniture with everything: P 砒 0 Ⅲ・ bags, cases 0 〃 d わ 0 0 ⅱれ the things when you dO not want tO give the names Of not s. 〃 0 ん e ″ an express ion used at the end Of a list Of what ・ not/'wotnntll'wa:tna:t,'wl\t-/ ″ 1 and what- are not sure what: Ellen's refusing come, アör 田れ 0 な われ e ゅー ca 〃 g . 2 0f some kind, but you whatever3 0 可 1 0f any possible kind: l'll ん 0 ー she as 加ん加 g. ment; WHATSOEVER: She gave れ 0 Sign whatever 0 ノ、 whatever2 adv used tO emphasize a negative state-

te II 1872 知〃ノåc ん 0 〃 d MO 炉 0 叩のプ since 曲の , わ ad e 炉 わ 0 わ・ c . ltell the difference Margat ・ ine 0 〃わ砒 ー ca ″ 7 〃曲 2 ガ催 e 〃 ce. 6 WAR N < [T usually ⅲ past tense] to warn someone that something bad m ight happen: tell sb ( that ) 〃 0 ) , 0 リな 0S0 was 0 アれ襯 e 加 g 加 m Ⅱ tell sb to do sth My 襯 0 催 me れ作レ立 Ro . 7 BE A SIGN OF STH [Tnot ⅲ progressiveor passive] tO give information ⅲ ways Other than talk- ing which helps you know or understand more about a situation: tell sb (that) The わ厄 2 〃〃 s ) , 0 レ 0 レ ' 怩 ~ い , 0 ″ r 〃 g 厩 SO ル ltell sb what/why etc 7 カ e red 〃 g を〃 S リ the 襯 0 ⅲ e な r の , use.l tell sb about sth Ⅳカ砒面 thesefossils 〃 s us 0 砒 0 ″ r ancestors? 8 tell thetimeBrEteIl timeAmEtobeabletoknow what time it is by looking at a clock 9 AFFECT は not in progressive] to have an effect on someone, especially a harmful one: 〃な years 加 the ar 襯 c 催ⅲな , 〃ⅲわな 0 ″ i ル de な WO 承 . は ell on sb These nights の℃尾 0 〃 ) , begin- 〃加 g 知〃 0 〃カⅡ The stress 0 工 or んね 0 〃 their 〃 ~ 0 ′・を . —see alSO TELLING 10 BAD BEHAVIOUR 川加知 rm 観 to tell someone in authority about something wrong that someonehas done: l'm going 〃 , ) , 0 リ do れ 7 s 〃 messingaround. は ell on sb 〃 ) , 0 レ〃 rom な 2 〃 0 0 ″ 0 〃襯 2 1' 〃 the 襯 0 れの , わ ac んわ e 尾一知リ〃″ . 11 tell tales BrE to say something that is not true about someone else, especially tO cause them trou- ble: 〃 0 0 ″わ〃〃加 g tales again?ltell tales on sb 0 〃レ〃 0 〃の・ child, 0 ~ 田の , s 〃加 g 阨 s 0 〃 the other c カ〃 d ″—see also tell ね le (TALE ( 3 ) ) 12 tellsbwhereto getoffinformaltotellsomeone angrily that you are not interested ⅲ them, what they want etc: " D 滬ア 0 リ give him the mo 〃の , ? " "NO, ー m Ⅲわ e 尾 g 0 ' 13 a to 旧 altogether, when everyone or everything has beencounted: T ん e 尾襯レわ 0 怩 beeneightcars 加 the acc 記例れ 0 〃雇 14 VOTES く [T]technical to count the votes ⅲ an election —see also SAY2 ( 1 ) Frequencies of the verb tell ⅲ spoken and written English. 52K W 用れ醜 1 0 158 「 million Based on 物を町 5 ト↑勲 on 謝 ( 0 甲第 and ひにし on 屮 nan い n ( ヨ引 e 「 ( 0 甲 us This graph 5h0W5 that the verb tellis more common in spoken English than in written Eng ⅱ 5 ん This is because it is used in 日 lOt Of common spoken phrases tell ( の SPOKEN PHRASES 15 ド tell you what used when you are suggest- ingorofferingsomething: 〃 e 〃 0 レれ砒 , e ' 〃 g : 0 ″ som を肱加 g の 2 砒 0 〃肱 ewg ・ 16 ー to you 50 used when you have warned : someone about a possible danger that has now : happened and they have ignored your warning 17 tO tell (you) the truth used tO emphasize that ・ youarebeingveryhonest:ldon'treallywanttogo : 0 レれ加〃 the 作ん 18 lcan tell you/l'm telling you used to empha- ・ size that what you are saying is true even though it may be difficult t0 believe:l 〃 0 ″ S わ厄 , l've never seen 0 〃 ) 加 g 〃ん e ″ⅲ襯ア〃阨 . 19 tell m e used before asking a question: 〃 me, わ襯面 ) , 0 ″加ん可 e 〃 e 田 boss? : 20 1'll tell you something/one thing/another ・ th i ng used when giving your opinion about something, especially tO someone you disagree ・ with: l'll ″ 0 ″ 0 れ e 肱ⅲ g ーア 0 ″ ' 〃 neverget me VO 知 r him. ・ 21 ー couldn't tell you used to tell someone that you dO not know the answer tO their question: : “〃 0 田 much 0 レ 0 ra 〃 c ん CO ? ” " ー co リ〃 7 ・〃 0 レ , ー 0 ア s drive. ' ・ 22 ー can ・ t tell you a) used to say that you can- not tell someone something because it is a secret: ・ W 物 e 尾 0 尾 0 ″んⅲ g 襯 e? " ・ 7 ca 7 〃ア 0 レ , ″ : WO レ s. 〃 0 ″ the surprise. " b) used to say that you cannot express your feelings or describe ・ something properly: I can't tell you how/what : etc / 丿″ ca が e 〃 0 ″わ 0 出 0 な d l've わ ee れ . ・ 23 don ・ t tell me used to interrupt someone because you know what they are going to say or because you want tO guess: ・ 7 ' sorry I'm 厄 わ砒 ... " " Do が e 〃襯を一 ecar わ ro ん ed ひ〃 0g0 加 ? " 三 ・ 24 John/she etc t 可 me (that) usedto say what someone has tOld you: れん e ″ S 襯 e ア 0 レレ〃 d 0 : 25 1'm not telling (you) used to say that you ・ refuse tO tell someone something : 26 that would be telling used to say that you cannot tell someone something because it iS a secret ・ 27 you're telling me usedtoemphasizethatyou ・ already know and agree with something that someone has just said: "lt's わ Ot in here. " " YO レ ' 〃ⅲ g me. ′ " ・ 28 tell me about it used to say that you already : know how bad something is, especially because you have experienced it yourself: ・ 'l've been SO 29 you nevercan tell/you can nevertell usedto say that you cannot be certain about what will ・ happen in the future ・ 30 there's no telling what/how etc used t0 say ・ that it is impossible tO know what has happened orwhat will happen next: She'sdesperate. T ん 2 ' S : 〃 0 〃加 g カ 0 ー she'll [ 〃 e ズた 31 tell me anotherusedwhenyoudonotbelieve what someone has tOld you tell against sbpht ・ v [T no passive] BrEformaI ifa bad quality or feature tells against you, it makes you unsuccessful ⅲ what you are trying tO achieve: S れ 2 々 as e g レ尾可 0 model わ her 々 g 尾 0 〃〃 S 0g0 加 her. tell sb/sth apartphr v [T not ⅲ progressive] to be able tO see which person or thing is which, even though they are very similar: l've 雇じ催加 e 〃 0 わの 〃 the twins 0 〃 0 . は + from] lt's 市 c レ〃〃 [ 加 forgedstamp 0 〃 0 な介 om こ加観 0 〃 e. tell Of sb/sth 〃わ r v [TI especially literary t0 describe the details Of an event or person: The poem 〃 s e S 0 知襯 0 ″ s ・ r r. te sb€• 0 幵わ r v は ] 1 to talk angrily t0 some- one because they have done something wrong: be/get t01dO . 0 レ r わ ome or んツ 0 レ ' 〃 ge れ 0 0 ag 〃 3

1497 differently in relation to somethingelse: Yo ″ ' 〃カ砒 realign ) 0 ・ co ル襯〃 s 既 ) , 0 レ cha 〃 g ビ the な〃 e. 知 ce. 2 tO change the aims and relationships that a political party or other organization has: 0 〃 0 ″ e 襯〃一 realign the 尾れ 0 〃 s んゆわ w 〃 the 立 0 0 〃〃 r れ ) 0 わ usiness re ・ a•lign ・ ment/. ri:o'lmnmont/n [C, UI 1 achange in the way tWO or more things are organized, so that they have a different relationship to each other: [ + 0 0 0 〃 g 〃襯 0 〃 0 〃行 ca / 〃の es 2 the pro- cess 0f arranging parts Of something so that they return tO their correct positions in relation to each Other: 2 r20 〃 g 〃襯 e 厩 0 工わ川ん e 〃わ 0 〃 es 「 ea ・ⅱ 5 ・ m /'rrahzom/ 〃 [U] 1 the ability to accept and deal with situations in a practical way, without being influenced by feelings or false ideas 2 also Realism the style of art and literature in which everything is shown or described as ⅱ really is ⅲ life —realist 〃 [C] S3 rea ・ⅱ5 ・ tic / ロ 0 第 st ⅸ / 0 の 1 judging and dealing with situations ⅲ a practical way according to what is actually possible: れ ' S ノ″立″尾 0 〃 s 行 c ね expect 0 mo れ 0 ″ SOS00 〃 . 第 rea 〃 s ces 襯 0 0 ア市 eco 引 be realistic (=think in a sensible, practical way) CO 襯 2 0 れ , be realistic ー 0 リ ca 〃 7 ノレ 0 ガör it! —opposite UNREALIST.IC 2 pictures, models, plays etc that are real istic show things as they are in real life: 〃 drawings are 〃 7 very realistic.la realistic 厄じなれ rea•lis ・ tic ・ ally /rnlhstlkli/ adv 1 ⅲ a practical way and according to what is actually possible: Yo リ わ 0 のん 0 ん rea 〃 s れ ca 〃 ) , 0 ー the 0 〃行 0 〃 s av のわ [sentence adverb] 沢 ea 〃 s 行 ca 〃 we ca れ 7 expect things ~ 襯〃 ro わ e_ 知尾 ee 〃 dQ 工〃 ex い , e の・ . 2 ⅲ a way that shows or describes things as they are in real life: She の eg わ 0 立 0 so 尾 0 〃 s れ c 観砒 の , e 尾 r 々 ed. sz re ・ a ト i ・ ty /ri i/ 〃 1 [U] things that actually hap- W2 pen or are true, not things that are imagined or thought about: She ca 〃 7 〃 the d 衂催 e 〃 ce わ e れ怩 2 〃 / 〃阨 $ ) , 0 〃 d 尾 0 〃ゆⅡ B00 ん s ca 〃 be 0 〃 escape カ・ 0 襯 0 〃ゆ . 2 in rea lity used to say something is diffe- rent from what people think: 〃ém ッ 0 Ⅵ ) , s seems so se co なれ de 〃れわ″ー加尾 0 〃ゆ he's e ズなで襯 e s わ 3 become a reality to actually happen: M の・〃 ) , 〃 ' S d 尾 0 襯可、わⅵ〃 g 0 五 / m star わ ecame 0 尾 0 〃ゆ . 4 the rea lity/ realities of what actually happens ⅲ a situ- ation, rather than what you think might happen : T れ印 , 盟で尾〃 0 尾 d for こ加 rea 〃ゆ可 city life.l harsh realities the わの・ s ん realities 0 工 unem- 〃わ ) , 襯 2 〃ー 5 the reality is that used to say that the truth about a s ituation is very different from what people say: T わ , keep saying e ' 〃 g e 襯 0 〃り , , わ砒 the 尾 0 〃ゆな 0 わの・ e ' S 〃 0 れ e / イた rea•liz•a ・ ble also realisable BrE / 田 zobo リ 0 の 1 possible to achieve: r 〃 za わ厄 goals 2 in a form that can be changed into money: 尾 0 〃 za わ value 「 e ・ a•li a ・ tio れ also realisation BrE / , 日田ツ e 叮 0 可 -la-/ 〃 [singular, IJ] 1 the act of understanding something that you had not noticed before: [ + that] the rea 〃 za 0 ″ 0 ー changes were needed わ ~ the orga 〃た 0 れ 0 〃 2 the act of achieving what you had planned, hoped, oraimed for: い 0 幻・ ea 〃 s 砒〃研 わ 0 〃〃ⅲ ess 3 い 0 ロ the act of changing something intO money by selling it 1000 , 2000 , 3000 most frequent words in Spoken and written English rea•l ize also -ise BrE / ' ロ引田 z/ v [T not usually ⅲ progressive] 1 KNOW STH'S IMPORTANCE く to know and understand the importance of something: realize (that) DO ) , 0 ″ 0 〃 0 ー ) , 0 レ ' 尾 0 〃ん 0 Ⅲ・引 realize who/what/how etc lrealize ん 0 襯″ c カ she 襯 ea 〃 s you.lrealize sth 0 れ e 可、 us 尾 0 〃齔 d the danger we were ~ 〃 . 2 KNOW STH NEW く to start to know some- thing that you had not noticed before: realize (that) ー s ″ de 〃尾 0 〃 d ん e Ⅲ asc 加 g. 0 r , werealized 砒 we'd 襯わ尾加 Pat ・ is. lrealize who/what/ how etc / 尾 0 〃 ze 肱 2 〃カ ow hungry ー as. lrealize sth 襯市 d 〃 7 realizehis 襯なん e レ″れ / the 〃ー da ) ,. 3 realize an ambition/hope/goal etc 知 r 襯観 to achieve something that you were hop ing to achieve : She カ as 〃観な , 尾襯た記れ催 0 襯わ″わ〃可わ eco 襯ⅲ g 0 4 sb ' 5 wo 「 st fears were realized used to say that the thing that you were afra id of actually happened: , wors をルの・ s e 尾 0 〃 22 ん e 〃 / sa the e 工 0 襯 4 レ es れ 0 〃 S. 5 MONEY < a) toobtain an amount ofmoney, especially by sell ing something: The ⅲ″ / cam- 〃 g れわ r 〃 z 5 側 0 加 casha れ d dges. lrealize a profit on sth We realized 0 〃 rQ 一 0 ″ the カ 0 レ se. b) to change something that you own into money, especially by selling it: We e 尾 obliged の 0 〃 z ビ ~ ″ OS ー 0 ノ、 0 ″ r assets. real•ly な同 i / 0 鹿 1 THE REAL SITUATION く used when you are saying what is actually the truth Of a s ituation, rather than what people might wrongly think: Ⅳわ 0 ー 尾襯ん 0 〃記 0 れ怩 r was 〃 really わ催 co ″ s ⅲ 3 YO ″ 0 pretending ね be 0 〃〃の , ed , わレこ ) , 0 レテ e 〃 0 ー 2 DEFINITELY especially 0 れ used to emphasize something you are saying: YO ″ 0 ″ g ん一 rea 〃 ), ん砒 , e ん記襯 rs たは襯ゆ面れ 7 襯加 d. ll'm 0 わ so ル五〃 e , Dad- 0 〃 ). 3 VERY MUCH very much; extremely: r 〃 ) , c 可〃な″催 0 〃 j , irritated れ er.l れ面 es がい・〃 ) , 襯 0 ″の・ , does ″ ? Frequencies Of the adverb really ⅲ spoken and SI WI written English. SPOK を WRITTEN 1 ) 0 2000 per million 8 日、 ed On the 日国 lSh N 謝℃ n ( 0 甲し 5 and けに Longman n ( い「〔 0 「 p リ 5 This 9 「 aph 5h0W5 that the adverb really is much more common in spoken EngIish than in written EngIish. This is because it is used 日 lOt in spoken English tO emphasize what you are saying. は引 50 has some special uses as a reply in conversation and iS used in some commoh SPOken ph 「 ases. really ( 靃の SPOKEN PHRASES ・ 4 really? a) used to show that you are sur- " R 〃 ) , 3 " b) used ⅲ conversation to show that : something 〃 87 McDonaIds ⅲ〃 0 れ g ん 0 ″ g. ・ prised by what someone has said: "There 0

supportable 1830 signed 0 〃 e れ行 0 〃ⅲゆ〃 0 0 ア e 〃 0 claim ー drum up support ( =get many people's approval) The Frequencies Of the verb suppose ⅲ spoken and A 襯催な 0 〃 s used the s の市 m ″〃 s レ〃〃 ortj ・曲 2 written English. S な・ 0 れ g ・襯 eas レ′℃ S 0g0 ⅲ立ん ~ わ 0. 2 SYMPATHY/HELP < は月 SPOKEN sympathetic encouragement and help that you give tO someone: T わ 0 〃ん s for 0 〃 ) , 0 Ⅲ・ s レ〃〃 0 滝な市工々 c レ〃行襯 e. W を N —see also moral support (MORALI ( 3 ) ) 3 HOLD STH UP [C,UI something such as a piece Of WOOd that presses up on something else to 1 200 500 million ・ h01d it up or ⅲ position: 7 カ e roQ 工襯の , need な作 0 8a5 on the B 「心 sh Natvonal ( orp し 5 and the Long 卩 1 日 n い n ( 日気 ( 0 ー p め s レ盟の・な es レ〃 0 s 0 / 0 bridge This graph 5h0W5 that the verb suppose is much more 4 」 URED PART OF BODY [CI something common in spoken English than in written English. This is that you wear to hold a weak or damaged part of because it iS used in 50n1e SPOken phrases. your b0dy ⅲ the right place 5 PEOPLE WHO SUPPORT STH 、 [U] the 0e0- suppose (V) SPOKEN PHRASES ple whO support a political party, an idea, a team etc: 5 ー suppose e ec 液〃ァ BrE a) used to say you T わ e な〃 7 襯レ ch わ ca なリ盟〃 0 工ör e 〃 e ca 〃市 da ね think something is true, although you are uncer- sup ・ po 「・ ta ・ b 厄 / s po : い b 列い : r - / 0 可 [usually ⅲ tain about it: I suppose (that) ー s 〃 ose he could negatives] formal possible to bear; TOLERABLE カ 0 s わ加襯 se 既わ″ーん e 尾 0 d わ e わ 0 怩 g the sr sup ・ po ・ e 「ト 0 ' po : いト 0 : rto 「 / 〃 [C] 1 someone who ・ g Ⅲは s レ盟〃 ose P わ〃ゆゾ〃 be 厄 as リ s ″ 0 /. W2 supports a particular person, group, or plan: b) used when agr 、 eeing to let someone do some- strong/firm/staunch supporter 0 〃 e 0 工 C 〃厩 0 〃 's thing, espec ially unwillingly: I suppose so ・℃ 0 れ s ″ c ん e 立 s ″〃 O? ・ r 引 s レ〃〃 or rs 0 / 0 れ i 襯 0 / g んな we come w ″わ 0 ″ ? " ・・ 0 ん , ー s レ〃〃 ose so. ( ) used g な厄 0 〃 2 especially BrE someone who sup- ・ when guessing that something is true: She 0 ん ed ports a sports team, especially by regularly going to 0 わ 0 ″ー 50 , Is ″〃〃 ose. d) used when saying in an watch them play; FANI ( 1 ) : 財 0 〃 c わ 2 立 United angry way that you expect something is true: I supporters . SUPPOSe (that) ー s レ盟〃 ose 0 レ 0 レ g ん一 , 0 リ were support 9 「 oup ・ / 〃 [C] a group of people wh0 加 g s 襯の・だ e) used to say that you th ink that meet to help each other with a particular problem, something is probably true, although you wish it for example ALCOHOLISM was not and hope someone will tell you it is not: I sup ・ po れ・ i れ 9 / sa ' pot 川ト 0 : r - / 0 可 1 supporting : SUPpose (that) IS レ〃〃 ose it's 0 0 〃〃ゆアの・ pa 代 / 「 0 厄 / a ( tO 「 etc a small part ⅲ a plåy or film, or 市砒わ〃 0 乢 6 suppose/supposing used to the actor who plays such a part 2 su pporti ng ask someone tO imagine what would happen if a wal l/beam etc a wall etc that supports the weight of particular situation existed: ん 00 ん s リ〃〃 ose 0 リ something わア 0 レ r ノ 0 わ襯 0 ℃ , w わ 0 れ VO ″ 0 ″ do? 7 ー : don't suppose (that) especia 〃 ), BrE a) used to sup ・ P0「・ tive ト po : t Ⅳト 0 : r - / 0 0 〃〃 r 砒 , ⅲ g giving ・ askforsomethinginaverypoliteway:ldonysup- help or encouragement, especially to someone who : poseyou'dgivemea / 既 0 es 行 0 〃 ? b) usedto is ⅲ a difficult situation: ー ca 〃 0 / 田 0 ) , s co Ⅲな 0 〃 Ga 〃 say that you think it is unlikely something will のわ e s リ〃〃 or 行 thingsgo ro ″ g. : happen: / 0 れ 7 s レ〃 0S2 1'II ever see 〃 0g0 加 . SI sup ・ posel ト po ( ⅵド po / v ぽ ] 1 be supposed to 8 who/what etc do you suppose used to ask WI do sth a) used when saying what someone should someone whO, what etc they think did something, or should not do, especially because ofrules or what is something etc: Ⅳわ 0 0 〃 earth do 0 ″ s ″〃〃 ose someone ⅲ authority has said: Yo ″ 're supposed could ん 0 怩 done な ? 9 what ・ 5 that supposed as ん the ac ん催 ) , 0 ″Ⅲ 0 厩の 0 怩 the classroo 襯 tO mean? used ・ when you are annoyed by what Ⅳ 2 ' 尾れ〃〃 osed s 襯 0 加尾 . b) used when someone has just said: ・ 7 ' ″ bear ) , 0 ・ Offer 加 saying what people intended should happen, mind. " "BeCI? ・″加 mind! Ⅳ〃砒 ' S 0 ー s レ盟 ose especially when it failed to happen: The 〃 ew laws 0 尾 s ″〃 osed 盟尾 v な crime.l The meeting was s ″〃 - posed 〃 0 〃 T リ d の , , わ砒 we've ん ad の〃 0 - suppose2 CO 可レ〃 c 行 0 〃 especia 〃 ), $ 〃 0 んビ〃 1 used 0 〃 e ″ . 2 be supposed tO be sth to be believed to when imagining what the result would be if some- be somethingbymany people: Thecastleissupposed thing happened; SUPPOSING suppose (that) れ 's 〃 ね be 〃 at 襯 d. ド D わ・な〃åt ・り , ' な supposed 0 〃 e 可、 の・〃尾 r なん , s ″〃〃 ose 0 Ⅲ・襯 0 / 0 ″〃 d 0 レに Ea 立 wood 's わ e 立カ / ms. 3 to think that something is 2 加知 rma ~ used to suggest something; SUPPOSING: probably true, based on what you know: 7 カ 2 尾 e 尾 S ″〃盟 0 we な ) SO な out わ e. 知尾 ego. 〃〃 ) , mo 尾 d s 0 〃 as 五 r 立 s レ〃〃 ose . lsuppose su p ・ posed ト poozd , so' poozåd トゆ 0 怩 d 3P0 ( ) zåd / 0 山 (that) W カ砒襯 0 ん es 0 ″ s ″〃〃 osewe ' 尾 go 加 g 加 se 〃 e わ 0 ″引 be generally supposed ( =most people th ink [OhIy before noun] claimed by other people to be true that something was probably fine) 4 作 Tyke was gen- or real , although you dO not think they are right: ″ 催 0 〃 ) s ″〃〃 ose わ 0 怩 / 材わ eco なり , .lThere is Ⅱ 0 s レ〃〃 ose わ花な 0 〃 dadva 〃 geso. ア〃 r れⅥ行 2 ⅲ gs industries reason tO suppose (that) ( = used to say that you th ink something is unlikely) There 's 〃 0 reason sup ・ pos ・ ed ・ツト p 。 ( ) zåd ⅱド poo - / adv used when s ″〃〃 ose わ催〃 e わ 00 ん will 加田わ e ″ 0 〃わ催立 saying what many people say or believe is true, 0 〃 2. 4 ル″〃 0 / to expect that something will hap- especially when you disagree with them : / 〃 April pen and base your plans on it: The co 襯〃 at り , ' S 〃〃 7972 な s リ〃 osed ゆリ〃 s 加ん 0 わ厄 s 〃〃わ″ 0 〃 e わビ rg. S レ〃〃 OS お 0 steadyincrease in orders. [sentence adverb] S レ〃〃 0 d she's 0 c わ 0m0 〃 .

2029 war SI wantl /wontllwo:nt, wa:nt/ t,' [not usually ⅲ WI を progressive] 1 DESIRE [T] tohaveadesireforsomething:l 0 〃ー 0 drink.l Ⅳわ 0 d0 0 レ田 0 〃 [ 知 r ) , 0 ・わわ・ dg want tO dO sth DO ) 0 ″ wa 〃ーね go ん 01 ' S 〃 ar ゆ町 want sb tO dO sth / 面れ 7 wa 厩ん加面の hear 0 加砒 な want sth Of sb formal ( =want someone tO dO something) / なわ 1 ん〃 ew w わ砒 he 0 〃ざ 0 / 襯 e. 2 NEED ー to need something: Do な s れ〃 wa 〃こ e magazines, or ca 〃ー盟 ro 盟 e 襯 0 レに一 want tO d0 sth YO レ 0 〃ゆ 0 〃ーね use 0 〃な glue.l want sth done 7 0 厩砒 r typed today.lwhat sb wants with sth ( = what someone needs some- thing for) Ⅳ砒面リ 0 〃ー″れ 0 祝んな町 want は 0 ⅲ g especia 〃 ), BrE 加知 rm 襯 (=need tO be done) The car, 〃尾 0 〃 ) , 0 れな clea 〃加 g. 3 ASK FOR SB [T]toaskforsomeonetocome and talk tO you, or tO come t0 a particular place: YO 広尾 0 〃 d 0 〃 the 〃々 0 〃 e. 4 SHOULD < [T] 0 〃 especia 〃 ) BrE ought or should: want tO 0 sth Yo レ 0 〃 [ see 0 doctor 0 わ 0 砒砒 co ″ g ん 5 LACK < [I,T] r 襯襯 to suffer because you do not have someth ing: ー〃 ma 〃〃 00r 催 CO レ〃作 s , eo - 〃ル s 行″ 0 厩わ 0 豆 c 知 Od 0 〃 d s わ e ″既 6 want in/out ⅲ知 r 襯襯 a) especially AmE tO want tO go ⅲ tO or out Ofa place: Thecat wa 〃な 0 リれ b) t0 want tO take part ⅲ a plan or stop being involved: 0 レ wa 〃ー 0 リ 4 sg ア SO れ 0 —see alSO WANTED, WANTI NG, waste not, want not (WASTE2 ( 7 ) ) Frequencies of the verb want ⅲ spoken and written EngIish. 5 を OKE 設 W す在製 10 3 ( 90 per million d on the 翫 sh N on 謝 Co 「 p め and the Longman い n ( a 望 ( 0 「 pus This graph 5h0W5 that the ve 「 b want is much more common in spoken Eng lish than in written Eng lish. This is because it iS used in a lOt Of common spoken ph 「 a5e5・ want ( の SPOKEN PHRASES ・ 7 ー want/l don't want ゴ 0 〃ー 0 new co 砒 . は do れ 7 0 〃ーね go 0 ね〃 ig 厩 . 8 what dO you want? : used tO ask, often ⅲ a slightly rude way, what : someone wants you tO give them , は 0 for them etc: Ⅳわ 0 一面″ 0 厩 ? l'm わレ 3 Ⅳわ砒面レ wa 〃ーー c わ 0C0 の・れ襯 0 ? 9 dO you want … ? used when offering something tO someone: DO : ア 0 レ田 0 れ [ 0 drink?lDo ) , 0 レ 0 〃 [ me 襯 e ″わ : 0 レ ? 10 whO wants... ? a) used tO say that : you d0 not like something, dO not think that it is ・ worth doing etc: Ⅳれひ田 0 〃なの go 0 〃斗 disco ・ 0 〃 0 ア 3 b) used when offering something tO a : 部・ oupofpeople: Ⅳわ 0 wa 〃な ac 叩 0 / CO. ガ ? 11 if . you want used when someone suggests dOing ・ something, tO say that you will dO it, although you : d0 not especially want to: " 〃 , 0 〃 2 go の曲 2 12 ー want you tO dO わ eac わ 2 " " 0 レ出 0 〃た " : something usedtotell someoneto dO something: ・一 0 〃ー 0 レね go 0 れ d get me 0 〃夜〃 0 〃催 . 13 wa nt... ? used when offering something tO : someone: Ⅳ 0 〃ー 0 game 0 工 chess.? 14 what ー . wantusedtoexplain orsayexactly whatit is that 1000 , 2000.3000 most frequent words in Spoken and Written English : you want: Ⅳわ 0 ーー 0 加な 0 ca ′マわ 0 だ S c わ eg 〃 0 れ d : rel わ厄 15 a 旧 want used t0 say that you only ・ want something simple or small, and you think it is fair t0 ask for it: ん 00 ん 0 〃ー 0 加な 0 decentjob. : れ ' S れ m リ ch ね as ん r , な〃 ? 16 youdon'twant used tO advise someone not tO dO something: YO レ ・ dO 〃を 0 ″ーの go e , it's much 0 crowded. : 17 ljust wanted tO say/know etc used to po- : litely say something, ask about something etc: ー : : ノレ立 0 〃 d ね chec ん e 襯 e ⅲ g な s れ〃 0 〃〃 e : ん 18 it ・ s/that ・ 5 just what ー (always) . wa nted used tO say that you like a present you ・ have just been given very much want fO 「 sth 〃ん r v は ] 1 to not have something that you need: 加″〃ん e , 襯ん S v 催 0 厩 ed 工ör 0 ″アⅲ g. want2 1 LACK [C,UI r 襯 something that you need but dO not have: for want Of sth ( ニ because Of a lack 0f something) PeQ 〃厄 0 ア e ″ cas レ al ノ 0 わ s 加 ca r 加 g アör wa 〃ー 0 / 0 〃 ) , 0 〃 er 〃 0 ve. lsatisfy a want (=give someone what they need) 2 5 灯 UA 引 ON WITHOUT FOOD/MONEY [U] a situation ⅲ which you dO not have enough food, money, clothes etc: T れれ ad 〃怩 d 0 〃 e か〃怩 s 加 3 fO 「 wa nt Of a better word/te rm/ph rase used tO say that there is no exact word tO describe what you are talking about: afeeling 04 / ör 0 厩 0 / 0 better 田 0 , we cu 〃わ 4 f0 「 want Of anything better ()o (o) 江 you do something for want ofanything better, you d0 it only because there is nothing else you want t0 dO 5 not fo 「 want of trying/asking etc used tO say that you should have got what you wanted because you tried very hard or asked for it many times: WeII, わ e doesn'tget 2 ルわ″ 0 〃 7 加 r 0 厩 0 工′り , 加 g ! 6 be in want Of sth formal t0 need something: 0 creaking れ 0 リ se , in 0 〃ー 0 工 re. 〃 0 炉 want ad た・ / 〃 [C] AmE CLASSIFIED AD want ・ ed / ' wont ådlllwo: n- ,'wu:n-/ 0 の someone whO is wanted is being looked for by the police: He な wa 厩 ⅲ CO れ〃 ec れ 0 〃″れ the murderofa 2 れ agegi 泓 want ・ iれ9 /'wnntll)ll'wo:n-, 'wa:n-/ 0 可 [not before noun] 1 be fou nd wanti n g proven not tO be good enough for a particular purpose: Trad ⅲ 0 れ 0 ~ SO- ルれ 0 had 加 e 作ざ 0 ″ d レ 0 加ⅲ g. 2 wanting in sth formal not having enough Of something: 0 厩加 g 加 grace 0 〃 d け 3 工örma ~ lackingormissing:Acertain わレ襯 0 〃〃 iS 0 れれ〃 g ~ 〃 big cities. wan ・ t0れ /'wontanll'wo:n-, lwa:n-l' ad. ノ 1 wanton cruelty, destruction etc deliberately harms some- one or damages something for no reason: 0 〃 0 け 0 / 0 〃れ aggression 2 OId イ 0 れ ed a wanton woman iS considered immoral because She has sex with a 10t Of men 3 formal uncontrolled: 田 0 れのれ 丿レ〃 g growth—wantonly adv ー・な [U] war /wo:llwo:r/ 〃 1 WAR GENERAL く [ 切 fighting between tWO or more countries opposing 印℃ ups a country, involving large numbers 0f soldiers and weapons: Camb0dia has e 〃 ravaged ar r the 〃 0 20 years.l war breaks out ( =war begins) War わ ro ん e 0 砒ⅲ立 em r 可 19393 be at war (with) 加 ノ 920 PO 〃ざ 0 〃 d Russia ゼ尾立襯砒の・ . ldeclare war ()n (b) ( =announce publicly and officially that S3

matter [continued from previous pagel 1122 other : 〃砒ゾ〃 g 曲 eocca 豆 0 ″ dr ⅲんな 0 〃 e ⅲ g , わ わ eing d ″ん催り , nightis 4 ⅵ IO 曲催襯 0 ″・ . 6 matters 〃ル ra ~ a situation that you are ⅲ or have been describing: Mg ) , 加 SO 襯 e 可 eses ″ gg - 行 0 〃 s will れ e ゆ〃〃 ro matters.lnot help mat- ters 〃 0 e 〃 (=make a situation worse) ーわ ad わ eadacl わ 7 0 the 陀 s な which 市 d 〃 7 わ el 〃 襯 0 な ers. 7 tO make matters worse making a bad situ- ationeven worse: T 〃 ec の・ん ad か・ 0 ん e 〃ざÖW れ , 0 れ d の 襯 0 2 〃″・ S worse, ″ was わ eg ″れ〃 g 加′・ 0 われ 8 take matters intoyourown handstodealwith a problem yourself because 0ther people have failed todealwith it: ん oc 観〃〃の 0 ん〃″ s ⅲの their OW ″わ 0 〃 ds 0 〃 d hired e わ・ OI む″ secut ・″), guards. STH 、 VRONG WITH 9 what's the matter?/is anything the matter? 〃 0 ん e 〃 When someone upset, unhappy, or ill and you are asking them why: Ⅳん 0 だ S the 襯 0 ″・ , の 1 ? 〃 0 怩 ) 0 リわ〃 crying? 10 what ・ 5 the matter with 0 ん e 〃 used tO ask why something is not working normally, some- one seems upset or ⅱ 1 , or something 100kS wrong: Ⅳ〃 0 だ S こ加 ma ″催″わ月〃にド 'T わ e 厄ⅳ s 〃わ ad go わ 00 んね e 立 0 尾 . " " Ⅳ々 ) , , w わ 0 ′ ' S the ma ″・田″ん 11 there's something the matter with/some- thing's the matter with s. 〃 0 ん used t0 say that something iS not working normally, someone iS upset or Ⅲ , or someth ing lOOks wrong: 7 物 e 尾 's something the 襯 0 な・〃ん the as わーわ g 襯 ac わわ花ー ″ keeps ん 0 ん加 g. 12 there ・ 5 nothing the matterwith $ 〃 0 ん used tO say that someone is not Ⅲ or upset, or that something is working properly or 100kS good: T わ・ e was 〃 0 ⅲ g the 襯 0 ″ er u. ゾレわ e 〃ー″ー″ / 襯 There's ″ 0 曲ⅲ g e 襯 0 な・″カ ) , 0 ″ r わ 0 炉 - cut ー 1 襯ゆ〃″ ! ( 3 ) NO MATTER 13 no matter how/where/what etc used to say that something is always the same whatever hap- pens, or ⅲ spite Of someone's efforts tO change it: No ma ″催ん 0 わの・ d he な d , わ eco 襯 d 〃 'tg ん c カ 0 〃 ge 〃催襯ⅲ d Ⅱ M ) , 盟の℃〃な襯 w の , s 0 ″ ed レ〃 - ル r me, 〃 0 ma な・〃 0 一行 me Ig 〃 om 色 14 no matterwhat(happens)spoken usedtosay that you will definitely d0 something:l'll 〃レ の〃わー〃 0 ma ″・ 0 た 15 no matter 〃 0 んビ〃 used tO say that something you have asked about is not important: "She 's 〃 ⅲわ 0 加 ce. " "NO 襯 0 ″催 , l'll 作 ) , 0 〃 d ca 〃〃砒 わ om 巳 ④ AS A MATTER OF 16 as a matter of fact es 〃液〃 $ 〃 0 e 〃 a) used when saying something, especially some- thing surpris ing, that is connected with what you are talking about:l んれ夜む him u. カ we were ⅲ col- ge ー 0S0m0 ″・ 0 工工 &IC れ ereo 〃 thesamecourse. b) used when you dO not agree with what some- onehasjustsaid:No,Iwasn'tannoyed. Asa matter 可ア 0 け 1 was 怩 g d see them. 17 as a matterof interestBrEspoken used when you want tO ask or tell someone someth ing that is not really necessary: ″ as 0 ma ″円・ Of 加 re 立 , To 〃 ) , カ 0 ″Ⅲ c カ市 d ) , 0 ″〃 0 ) ,. ル r ) , 0 Ⅲ・わ 0 リ ? 18 as a matter Of course/routine as the correct and usual thing tO dO ⅲ a part icular situation : We ゾ″ CO 〃け ) 0 ″ r ア br 襯催 employer as 0 ma ″群・ 0 工 course. 19 as a matter Of principle/belief/policy etc because Of your personal beliefs about what you should do: T わの , ' 尾 s レ〃〃 0? ⅵ″ g him as 0 matter 0 ア 〃 r ⅲ c ゆ厄 20 as a matter Of urgency/priorityformal done as quickly as possible because it is very import- ant: ー田のな 0 アレ〃 sa. 阨ゆ check as 0 襯 0 ″ 0f ⑤ IT'S A MATTER OF 21 it's/that ・ 5 a matter Of opinion used to say that people have different opinions about a sub- ject: P ・ so ″ 0 〃 ) ca ″ 'ts 〃 d 川 c ん襯リ豆 c , わ / s レ pose it's 0 〃 0 ma ″・可〃わ 0 ″ . 22 it's only/justa matteroftimeusedtosaythat something w ill definitely happen eventully: れ 's 0 ″ゆ 0 ″な・ oftime わ 0 尾 somebodygets わレ滝 . 23 it ・ 5 a matterof life and death used to say that a situation iS extremely serious or dangerous and something must be done immediately: We WO ″ / 〃 7 レ s ″ 0 〃 ) , 0 〃・ 0 0 〃 0 〃 reg れ 0 〃ー 0 襯 0 れ , ″〃ん ss it's 0 襯 0 ″・可違 0 〃 d death. 24 it ・ 5 (just) a matter Of (doing) sth s. 〃 0 ん e 〃 used tO say that you only have tO dO a particular thing, or dO something in a particular way, ⅲ order tO be successful: A れ ) , 0 〃 e ca ″他ん e good 〃わ otogra 〃〃 s ー ″ ' S ノ″立 0 襯 0 な・ or being 加 the g 〃′〃厄 ce 0 ー the g わー time. 25 it's a matteroftaste/cost/lucketcusedto say that what happens or what you decide depends on your judgment, hOW much something costs, hOW lucky you are etc: ー ca 〃 7 say which 加 e なわ e 立ー it's 0 襯 0 ″夜・ 0 ア〃 erso れ al s 26 the fact/truth Of the matter (is) used tO say what you think is really true: The sa 工 0 け可、 e 襯な er な thatAlice な丿″立れ good IO レ g 〃ノ・ the 扣わ 3 〃édoes ″ 7 ん怩わ催襯 0 - 0 だ S the 作″ 0 工〃襯 0 ″ er. ⑥ SMALL AMOUNT 27 a matter Of seconds/months/metres etc only a few seconds, metres etc: 7 ' わ e am わ″〃 ce as ℃ ~ 〃 0 襯 0 ″ ero. ア″れ″レ S. は″ 7974 沼り , 0 〃 e 2 ズ〃 ec d the ar 加 be OV つ〃 0 ma な・可、襯 0 〃ー〃 s. ⑦ BOOKS/NEWSPAPERS 28 reading/printed etc matter things that are written for people tO read ◎ SUBSTANCE 29 waste/solid/organic/vegetable etc matter a substance that cons ists Of waste material, solid material etc 30 は月 c 加れ c 襯 the material that everything ⅲ the universe is made 0f, includ ing solids, liquids, and gases 31 [UI a yellow or white substance that is found in wounds or next tO your eye ⑨ OTHER MEANINGS 32 0 「 ... fo 「 that matter s. 〃 0 ん e れ used tO say that

hanker han ・ ker / ・ h 田り k 。ト鋤 v 830 hanker a 升 e 「 / fO 「〃わ r リ [ to secretly feel that you want something, over a long period: もレの , わ ad 観 0 s 加″尾 da. 尹 0 盟 ce 可わ催 ow ル han ・ ker ・ ing / 市記り ko 日り / 〃 [singular] a strong wish tO have something han ・ kie, hanky /'hæoki/ な [CI 加知 r 襯観 HANDKERCHIEF hank ・ y-pank ツ /. hæoki 'pæoki/ 〃 ] れリ moro sex- ual activity that is not very serious Han ・ sard /'hænsa:dll-sord/ 〃 [singular] the official written record of what happens ⅲ the British par- liament ha れ・ 50E / ・ hænsom/ also hansom cab / ' ・・・ / 〃 [C] a two-wheeled vehicle pulled by a horse, used ⅲ the past as a taxi Ha ・ nuk ・ kah, Chanukah お ha : n 感斗 ka : noko , ・ ha : - / 〃 an eight-day Jewish holiday ⅲ December ha'penny /lherpni/ 〃 [C] another spelling of HALFPENNY hap ・ haz•ard /. h 田が h zod 可つ「 d 可 0 可 happening or done ⅲ a way that is not planned or recognized: T わ 2 ケ 0 ~ 〃 ~ 〃 g was carried 0 ″ー加 0 0 〃カ azard 工äs われ . —haphazardly 0 , hap ・厄 55 /'hæplos/ 0 可 [only before noun] 〃 ra unlucky: 〃叩 ss ass 催 s - の could be dragged ⅲ the arg レ〃花厩 . hap•ly /lhæpli/adv 0 ″ se perhaps hap'orth / ・ he 。 - 。田 / 〃 [singular + 0 ロ 0 知 s 厄 0 〃 BrE an amount that is worth half of one penny S1 三 hap ・ pen ′ hæpon/ v 田 1 if an event or situation W1t happens, it exists and continues for a period of time, especially without being planned first: T カ 2 acc e 〃こ わ 0 盟〃 e 〃 early 0 〃 Tuesday morning.lNo 0 ん出 ん 0 わ ad 万 d eg ″〃ー″ 0 〃わ 0 〃 S04 ⅵ c んゆ . はこ ' S ~ 襯〃 OS ⅵわルね・ e 市け出れ砒〃 / カ 0 〃 e 〃加 Cambodia ⅲ the 〃 e mo 〃 s.l sth is bound to happen (=something is certain to happen) lsth happens all the time (=something happens often) This ん加 d 可 thing わ 0 盟〃 e 靨 0 〃 the timelwhatever happens I'II ん 0 ん 0 尹レ怩 r わ 0 〃 e . —see OCCUR ー (USAGE) —see also happen to 2 to be caused as the result Of an event or action: She 盟尾 s d hard 0 〃 the わ ra 〃 e 面 4 わ〃 0 ⅲ g わ 0 〃 2 〃記Ⅳカ 0 ー would わ 0 〃〃 e れ 0 レ〃 0 尾厩 s ルレれ d 0 レに 3 to do or have something by chance: happen to do sth 1 れ 0 〃 e 〃 ed の me わ 0 〃襯の , home. lit happens that (=by chance, it is true that) れわ 0 〃〃 e d 砒 the れ e - SO 〃加 the Office was the 0m0 〃加カ ad 襯砒 Gail's 〃 ar な . 4 sb/sth happens tO be used when telling someone something ⅲ an angry way, especially because you are annoyed by something they have just said: T カ砒 u ma 〃 ) , 0 レ ' 尾加 ga わ 0 ″リレわ 0 盟をれSねわ emywife. '—seealsoaccidentswillhappen (ACCIDENT ( 5 ) ) happen by 〃加・ v [I,TI AmE to find a place by chance ha ppen on sb/ sth, happen upon sb/sth 〃わ r v[T] t0 find something or meet someone by chance: T わ we 尾 s 0 〃ⅲ g ro レ g わ the 0 〃 0 0 / 2 w 〃出れ e 〃 わ 0 〃〃 e れ ed 0 〃 0 れ〃 ) , Greek r リ ra 〃た happen tO sb/sthph? ・ v は一 1 ifan event hap- pens tO someone or something, they are involved ⅲ itandaffectedby it : 〃の , 加 g わ 0 e 〃記の meo 〃 襯 ) , way 加襯 e 厄立 g 剏 . 2 whatever happened tO a) used when you want tO know where some- one is and what they are doing, because it is a long time sinceyousaw them: Ⅳわ 0 ver カ 0 〃 e 〃 ed Ka Scott? b) used when saying that something such as an idea, quality, or custom seems tO have disap- peared or been forgotten about: Whatever わ 0 〃〃 e ″ ed the ea 可 e 〃 0 e ess office? Frequencies Of the verb happen in spoken and W 打を N written English. 600 million : 肭 0 レ g . 9 anything can happen used tO say : etc: These things わ 0 〃 e ル・ do 〃 7 give ″ 0 〃 0 they have made, an accident they have caused used tO tell someone not to worry about a m istake 2 same s 0 祝 as me. 8 these things happen : about: Ⅳ 0 出 , ″ノ″立 so ん 0 〃〃 e れ s 砒加カ ad わ〃の : connected with what you have just been talking tell someone about something interesting that is : someadvice. 7 it (just) 50 happensthatused to : 盟 e 〃 sI んれ 0 SO 襯 20 れ ew わ 0 襯皙わーわ ea わね g 加 e ア 0 レ : what they havejust beentalkingabout:As ″わ 0 will be useful for them, and is connected with used tO tell someone something that you think e ル we 出なわレ e 〃 . 6 as it happens thing w ill certainly happen: Ⅳカ 0 r カ 0 盟〃 e れ s 加 : used tO say that no matter what else happens, one ・〃 e 〃 2 れ s れビれ ds 0 レに 5 whatever happens : pens 既ア 0 〃〃レ s わなわレな 0 〃引Ⅳわ 0 だ Sgo 加 g のわ 0 what the result Of something will be: Ⅳれ砒々 0 ・ what happens/whatwill happen... ?usedtoask : 〃 e 〃加 g , 襯 0 な ? 4 what ・ 5 90in9 tO happen/ ・ what theyhavebeendoing: 〃 Ca , 加 t's ん叩 - you know well, tO ask them how they are and 0 だ b) AmE used when you meet someone Ⅳわ 0 だ S わ 0 e 〃加 g e 尾 , 例 ? You'd な立 0 〃 ん 0 だ S わ 0 盟〃 e 〃加 g ? Ⅳわわ as the 〃 g 剏 gone 0 ″に一 when you are worried or annoyed about this: 〃 , ・ ple are doing, or what the situation is, especially 3 what ・ 5 happening? a) usedtoaskwhatpeo- happen ( し ) SPOKEN PHRASES because it is used in a lot Of common spoken phrases. common in spoken English than in written EngIish. This is Th is graph 5h0W5 that the verb happen is much more Based on せ BntiSh N ヨい 51 ( orp し 5 and the Longman い n ( あ「 ( 0 「 p リ、