nowhere 1233 etc It's ″ OW 0 襯 0 〃ⅵ〃 we わ 0 レ g わ〃 2 〃 d it's か・ 0 〃 d0 〃尾 e times 0 ケ ead. ) ,. 5 any day/ minute etC now very soon: The guests 〃 arr れ 0 れ襯加″〃 0 . 6 (every) now and then/now and again sometimes: ーなツのわ″ ) , myselfsomething every 〃 0 0 れ d e ル 7 used in stories when you mean at the time that the event or story is happen- ing: She わ 0 リ加 ca 〃厄 NOW she could 〃 e の・ビ SO レ〃 d the wind わ 0 〃〃 g ⅲ 2 trees 0 砒 s e. 8 now... now... 〃 ra り , used t0 say that at one moment someone does one thing and immediately after they d0 something else: The eagle glided ro レ g ん es ん〃 0 rising, 〃 0 SWOQ 〃ⅲ g. Frequencies Of the adverb now ⅲ spoken and written SPOKEN WRITTEN 1000 2000 EngIish. 30 0 million 島第 d On the 翫心 sh Natlonal ( 0 め and the し ongm 日 n Lancaster CO の ThiS graph 5h0W5 that the adverb now is much more ( 0 1n10n い spoken English than in w 「 itten English. This is because it has some special uses in SPOken EngliSh and iS used in a lOt Of common spoken phrases. now ( ad の SPOKEN PHRASES 9 a) used when pausing or getting someone's attention before continuing what you are saying : or changing the subject: Ⅳ 0 , w わ 0 ー did 0 ″ say : ) , 0 ・れ 0m2 as Ⅳ 0 ユ可 ' S 襯 0 0 〃 eq レ es れ 0 〃 ・ 0 工〃 0 襯ル b) used when pausing when you : arethinkingwhattosaynext:Now, let'ssee, ohyes ーの , 0 〃 d ん〃 OW な 0 i 襯 e ア 0 ″ ' 〃わ ac ん 0 〃 ・ Fr の ,. ( ) used to say that 江 the situation was ・ different, something different would happen: ・Ⅳ 0 ifl'd been 加 charge 夜℃ ' S 加の , / 'd わ 0 怩 / 市 e 襯 use the し 0 ル d ) used tO make someone : calm or comfort them when they are angry, upset : etc: Come 0 〃〃 0 , do 〃 7 ツ . e) used when tell- ing or reminding someone tO dO something: DO れ 7 : 工örg れ 0 一〃″ー the んの , s 加 the right カ 0 〃 d : 市・ 0 er.l Ⅳ 0 わレ r り , レ〃 . ′ーれ 0 じ 7 got 0 ″ dg ) ,. : 10 right now at the moment: l'm 観ゆわリ斗 , : g ″ 0 , ca 〃ー ca ″リ c ん ? 11 just now : especially BrE a) at the moment: ー ca 〃 7 面″ : ) レ〃 0 , l'm わレ . b) a moment ago: Ⅳれ e 尾 ・わ 0 ー〃レーーん 0 ー〃 e ″ ? ー was using れノレ立〃 0 砒 12 now then used tO get someone's attention : before telling them to do something or asking : them a question: NOW e 広わ 0 だ S the 襯 0 ″ er ? 13 well now used when giving an opinion or : asking someone tO tell you something: WeIl 〃 0 ・ w わ 0 だ S 0 〃市なーれ 2 の・ 0 わ 0 砒 0 レ getting 襯 0 ・池 d ? 14 now fO 「 used when saying what you are : going tO d0 next: That's 砒 0 れ NO 知 ra : c ″〃可 CO. . 15 and now a) used when : introducing the next activity, pefformer etc: And : 〃 OW , 〃怩介 om New YO 承 , D 液ー ROSS. b) tO ask someone what the situation is like at the moment ・ when they have been telling you what it was like : ⅲ thepast: " れ出 as な i わ s 雇のカ , 市記 . " "And 〃 0 ? " " 0 わ , she's わ ac ん″ orma ー〃 0 砒 " 16 now 1000 , 20g , 3000 most frequent words in spoken and written English now a) used tO make someone calm or comfort ・ them when they are angl 、 y, upset etc: Ⅳ 0 Ⅲ″ 0 , ・ d0 〃 7 worry, ery 山ⅲ g ゾ〃加 0 ん 0 ) ,. ・ b) 〃 ec ″ BrE used when telling someone not : t0 behavebadly: Ⅳ 0 now, 厄 0 〃催襯 0 〃 e , it's 〃 : / 0 かわ襯 e わ催 . 17 not nowused totell some- : one that you dO not want tO talk tO them or dO : something now,because you are busy, tired etc : "Tell me 0 s 加 . " "Not 〃 0 , Daddy's or ・んⅲ g. 18 に 5 now 0 「 never used to say that if someone : does not do something now, they will not get an- : otherchancetodo it 19 now'sthetimeusedto : say that someone should do something now, ・ because it is the righttime to do it: Now's 〃花れ me : のわレ , 0 suit, w カ〃を e 尾 0 s 行〃 sales 0 ル 20 now ー know used when you have just found : : outsomethingyoudidn'tknow before: 0 ん 0 ) , 〃 0 : ーん〃 0 ゴ 0 〃 7 0 ″ 0g0 ⅲ , l'msorry. 21 what is it now? used when you are annoyed because ・ someone keeps interrupting you or asking you ・ things: Ⅳ〃 0 ーな〃〃 0 Ⅲ ? ーなわ 0 ″ ' d 0 怩 me : 0 〃 e ! 22 now you tell me! used when you are annoyed or amused because someone has just ・ tOId you something they should have t01d you : before: Now she 〃 s 襯 4 ″陟 / $ 〃 e 厩わ 0 リ 0 ル ⅲ g / ör 0 ″ 0 〃加の・ r れ , e ! now2 CO 可″〃 c 0 〃 alSO now that because Of some- thing or as a result Of something: Ⅳ 0 田 0 ー 've got 加ん〃 0 田 each 0 催 0 〃″わらり , get 襯 0 〃 g ノ″立〃 e NO 0 ″ ' 尾カ e 尾 , ん ) , 〃ん 0 怩 0 dr 加ん . now ・ a ・ days / ・ naoadeu/ ad じ now, compared With what happened ⅲ the past: Ⅳ 0 田 0d0 , 0 〃〃 g 〃〃 0 尾襯リ c わ襯 0 0m0 尾 ofecologicalissues 0 〃の , わ e. れ 0 way/,•'•/advspokencertainlynot: " A ツ 0 レ go 加 g 0 ガ催 OI ・ん 0 r e , ee ん 2 〃 d ? " " Ⅳ 0 Ⅲ 0 ! ' 1 Ⅳ 0 0 〃 I we わ e 〃なわ ed わ艾れ 0 ' cloc んは here's no way.. There's 〃 0 way l'm going 〃 0 ) , 3 リ立 - r 0 week- end ~ 〃 Par な . no ・ where / 第 00WC0 旧 no ( ) we 「 / adV 1 alSO no place AmEinformaInot inany placeortoanyplace:lhave 〃 0 匆わ 0 れ d れ 0 田 e 尾れじ e.l nowhere else(=noother place) YO レ 'vegot カ el. 〃 me. l've 〃 0 佖カ e 尾 else の go. 2 get nowhere tO have no or make no pro- gress: れ ' Sagood ea わ砒〃襯 g 〃 0 わ催 e れん 0 レー 襯 0 尾〃 0 〃 ci 観 s リ〃〃 or 引 get sb nowhere Ta ん加 g 砒ん加 d 可れル出襯 get us nowherelget nowhere with F 厄わ催ゆ was getting れ 0 れ e れ eA 襯催 0 れ s , の滬 c 濯 0 ″ 0 市ガ尾加 0 〃〃 roac れ get nowhere fast 1 0 れ realised 0 [ being ″ g わ wasgetting 襯 2 〃 0 わ催 e / 0 . 3 be nowhere tO be seen/found/heard not tO be seen, found, or heard anywhere: T ) 〃観ー 0 〃 0 市 2 ・ s な℃ crime 0 〃 d e 〃 0- lice 0 尾れ 0 わ℃わ e seen. 4 nowhere near a) far from a particular place: He s 0 he was 〃 0 わ催 e 〃 e の・わ催わ 0 レ se 0 the g ん一 she died. b) not at all: nowhere near ready/full/finished etc The わリ〃 d 加 g ' S 〃 0 流 e 尾〃 ear 〃なん ed.l nowhere near as good as etc S の・ 0 が S 〃 01 むわ夜℃〃・ as こ as ー am. 5 out of/from nowhere happening or appearing suddenly and w ithout warning: 加 the 厄立 Ⅲ seconds G レ〃れ e 〃田 me カ・ om 〃 OW わ e 尾の加 0 ル 0 催 go 襯 eda い Fro 襯 0 砒可 no 2 尾 as ん s me m 田・り , him! SI W3 S2 S2 S2

2055 happen next, what you should dO etc 24 now what? $ 〃 0 ん 2 〃 used tO ask what is going t0 Frequencies Of what in spoken and written English. w heel Frequencies Of whatever ⅲ spoken and written OK 丘 20 僕 ) IOO mKEN W 砌 EN 200 EngIish. 300 「 million 808 「 million Based 00 化山 Sh Nattonal ( 0 「 pu 、 and the Longman CO 「 p し 5 ThiS graph 5h0W5 that what is much more common in spoken EngIish than in written English. This is because it is used tO ask questions. and it iS used in a lOt Of common spoken ph 「あ es. 1000 , 2000 , 3000 mo 引 frequent words in Spoken and Written English ⅲ g , ノ靨 [ 知 ra c わ 0 〃 ge. " "OK, わ 0 v 催 0 リ sg not really agree or want tO dO it: ・ 7m0 〃 0g0 camp- them or will d0 what they want, Often when you d0 〃 0 2 な used t0 tell someone that you agree w ith ever. 7 whatever you say/whatever you think “ S わ 0 〃ー ca 〃 ) 0 レのⅲ g わーの・ tomorrow?" " Ⅳわ 0 な are not interested when they ask you something: 6 s. 〃 0 ん 2 〃 used to tell someone that you d0 not care or " J00 〃 ' S ar なⅲ g Sa れ s ん r ″ . " " Ⅳわ 0 r れ e ズ " he m 〃 whatever next! (=used t0 show surprise) ing a statement or asking a question: Ⅳわ 0 v ca ″ tO show that you are angry or surprised when mak- clothing, わ 00 な , 0 d わ 0 怩 r . 5 $ 〃 0 ん used 0 れ . し .. and whatever else Bring wa r. 〃 0 可、 ・ 0加g わ 0 ズ es , bags, or わ 0 v 催 wasstopped の , the t0 mean Other things Of the same kind: 〃 ) , 0 れ e s 〃 whatever 0 ん e 〃 used after naming things on a list S 怩 , or 田わ ev 催 he's called, s レ〃盟 e 4 ... 0 「 name ofsomeone or something: みれ ) , dO 〃 ' 0 レわ , ″ e tO say that you dO not know the exact meaning or 催 0 レざ 0 , I 0 〃 ) , 0 ″ es 0 ロ r. 3 spokenused 盟・ thecost,l whatever you d0$ 〃 0 ん e 〃 : DO がなん砒 - 観 0 ) , s disagrees.l The わリ〃 d ⅲ g 襯リⅵ怩 d カ 0 な does not change the situation: Ⅳ々 0 v 7 suggest, he important what happens, what you dO etc because it wa 〃ル r C 加・ i 立 mas. 2 used tO say that it is not 0 〃面 ' S dad m わ eco ″ん 0 怩 u 砒 , 夜納 e needed, or possible: 〃éゆ yout ・ self わ 0 v 催 0 リ 〃 ro 〃 1 any or all 0f the things that are wanted, What ・ ev ・ e「1 /wot'evolwo:t'evor, WAt-/ determiner, ん e 〃 the 田わ 0 わ 0 襯 000 〃 0 れ my わ ag. cannot remember the name Of something: l've か・ 0- WI kn:l-, ・ WAt-/ 〃 [CI 0 ん e な a word you use when you S1 what ・ cha ・・ call•it / ・ WDt 」る m k ェ llt 『 wa : 叮 0m0- 〃可 g れル rs , relatives, 0 〃 d 介〃 ds 曲催 e , the わ 0 レ齔 made someone 'feel a particular way: Ⅳわ 0 ー i sons that have made something happen or have 2 what with 挈 0 ん e 〃 used t0 introduce a list Of rea- all)l We 襯加 0 〃な , わ砒田わ砒 does ″ ma ″催 ? Ⅳわ 0 ーざ 0 ) , 0 リ ca 0 わ 0 砒 it?()l don'tthink you careat what degr 、 ee or ⅲ what way something matters: what2 0 v 1 used especially ⅲ questions tO ask tO 00 the 市 Sh Nattonal 〔 0 「 p し、田地 the Longman い n ( aS い ! ( 0 「 p し 5 ThiS graph 5h0W5 that whatever iS more common in spoken EngIish than in written EngIish. This is because it iS used in a lOt Of common spoken phrases. direction: at/behind the wheel ( =driving a car turn tO make a car, ship etc move in a particular piece Of equipment in the shape Of a wheel that you 3 FOR CONTROLLING A VEHICLE ] the rates: 0 ge の・ wheel machine that turns round when the machine ope- 2 A MACHINE ℃ ] a flat round part in a —see picture on page 193 under a car, bus, bicycle etc that turn when it moves 1 ON A VEHICLE < [CI one ofthe round things W3 S2 wheell /wi:I/n[CI 襯 . sb She managed wheedle 0 〃 extra d の , ' S 〃の , 0 砒可 れ襯 m ⅵ厩 0 〃の , ⅲ g Ⅱ wheedle sth from/ out Of わ襯ⅲ g じ c の wheedle sb intO 0 ⅲ g sth 〃 2 by say ing pleasant things which you dO not mean: 0 whee ・ d 厄 / ・ wi :dl/ v 圧 T い 0 try tO persuade someone happiness or excitement whee /wi:/ ⅲ四 c れ 0 〃 used bY' children tO express flour made from whOle grains Of wheat wheat ・ meal/lwi:tmi:l/n [U] especia 〃 ), BrEa brown a grain Of wheat wheat ・ germ /lwi:td33:mll-d33:rm/ n[Ulthe centre 0f rid of the others choose the good and useful things or people and get 田わ e 砒 3 separate the wheat from the chaff tO from 2 the plant thatthis grain growson: 0 カ eldO. 工 wheat /wi:t/ 〃 [UI 1 the grain that bread is made な decision. EVER: PoliticalfactorspIayed 〃 0 〃 0 ん 0 な oe しⅲ adv used tO emphas ize a negative statement; WHAT- What ・ 50 ・・・ e 「 /. wo い 0 び ev 可。 wa : tSO び evo 「 , IWAt-/ want: Try 0 d レれ dO thescrew get the わ 0 な″ 0 ガ you use when you cannot th ink Of the word you whats ・ it /'wntqtll'wa:ts-, ・ WAts-/ 〃℃い〃 0 ん e 〃 a word small pretty objects shelves used espec ially ⅲ the 19th century t0 show 秋可 the car. 2 [CI a piece Of furniture with everything: P 砒 0 Ⅲ・ bags, cases 0 〃 d わ 0 0 ⅱれ the things when you dO not want tO give the names Of not s. 〃 0 ん e ″ an express ion used at the end Of a list Of what ・ not/'wotnntll'wa:tna:t,'wl\t-/ ″ 1 and what- are not sure what: Ellen's refusing come, アör 田れ 0 な われ e ゅー ca 〃 g . 2 0f some kind, but you whatever3 0 可 1 0f any possible kind: l'll ん 0 ー she as 加ん加 g. ment; WHATSOEVER: She gave れ 0 Sign whatever 0 ノ、 whatever2 adv used tO emphasize a negative state-

wheel 2056 etc) ftake the wheel (=drive instead 0f someone —see alSO STEERING WHEEL 4 on wheels with wheels on the bottom: 0 わ厄 0 〃 w んな 5 wheels/set Of wheels s, ん a car: ん 2 my new 6 wheels within wheels s, 〃 0 ん 2 〃 used tO say that a situation is complicated and diffcult t0 understand because ⅱ involves processes and decisions that you know nothing about —see also 0 ⅱ the wheels ( 0 ル 2 ( 2 ) ) , put your shoulder tO the wheel (SHOULDERI ( 7 ) ) , put a spoke ⅲ sb's wheel (SPOKE2 ( 2 ) ) whee12 し 1 は always + adv/prepl a) tO push something that has wheels: wheel sth out/down/ into She わ d わ催わ i ⅲね 2 g の・ 0g2. b) to move someone or something that iS in an Object With wheels, such as a WHEELCHAIR or a CARTI ( 1 ) : T わ 2 〃″ r wheeled him intO the ward. 2 田江 birds or planes wheel they fly around ⅲ circles 3 卩 + around/roundl tO turn around suddenly: She 田わ・ ounda 〃 ds 阨 r d ) el 〃〃 g リ s. 4 wheel and d ealt0 d0 a 10t 0f complicated and sometimes slightly dishonest deals, especially ⅲ politics or bus iness wheel sb/sth 、 - , out 〃ん・ v はい〃 rm 観 to pub- licly shOW someone or something, and use them tO help you achieve something: The 〃・ゆ 0 ~ の , s れ eelso 曲 esa 襯 eo cele か・ⅲぉⅢんの , れ d の rai mo 〃の ,. wheel ・ ba 「・「 OW お wi:l, b 出口 ( ) ト「 0 ( ) / 〃 [CI a small CARTI(I) that you use outdoors to carry things, with a single wheel and two handles wheel•base /iwi:lbers/ れ [CI c ca / the distance between the front and back AXLFAS of a vehicle wheel ・ chair /'wi:lt. 「 C可-叮C「/ 〃 [C] a chair with wheels used by people who cannot walk —see pic- ture at CHAIR 1 wheel clamp た・ / 〃 [CI a metal object that is fas- tened tO the wheel ofan illegally parked car; DENVER BOOT AmE —wheel-clamp v [T] wheeled /wi :ld/ 0 可 having wheels wheeler-deal•er ・・ / 〃 [C] someone whO does a lOt Of complicated, often dishonest deals, especially inbusinessorpolitics: S わ e 0S0 観Ⅲわ eel 催 - de 観催 , SO 襯ビれ襯ん〃 g the 〃可面加 g 襯 s. wheel•house / ・ wi:lhaos/ れ [C] the place on a ship where the CAPTAIN stands at the WHEELI ( 3 ) wheel ・ ie /'wi:li/ ″ [C] do a wheelie 加知 rm 観 to bal- ance on the back wheel Of a bicycle that you are riding wheelie bin ・・ / 〃 [CI BrE a large container with wheels that you put household waste into wheel ・ iれ9 and deal•ing ・ / ″ [UI activities that involve a lOt Of complicated and sometimes dis- honest deals, especially in business or politics wheel•wright /iwi:lralt/ 〃 [CI someone who made and repaired the wooden wheels Of vehicles pulled by horses ⅲ the past wheeze 1 /wi : v 田 to breathe with difficulty, mak- ing a whistling sound in your throat and chest wheeze2 〃 [C] 1 the act or sound of wheezing 2 祝 d ノäs 0 れ記 or わレ襯 0r0 a clever and amusing idea or plan wheez•y/ ・ wi:zi/adj wheezingormaking awheezing sound: YO ″ SO レ〃 d 田わ . lawheezycough—wheez- ily adv —wheeziness ″ [U] whelk /weIk/n[C] a small sea animal that has a shell and can be eaten whelpl /welp/n [CI a younganimal, especially a dog or lion whelp2v 川 0 ås 厄 0 〃 ifa dog or lion whelps, it gives birth whenl /wen/ adv, co 可″″ c れ 0 〃 1 at what time: s ・ Ⅳわ 2 〃な Tara co 襯加 g Do ″ん〃 0 w わ she ゾ〃 の・怩Ⅳわ e 〃市 d 0 リ hear 0 わ 0 レⅱに 2 at the time that: Things we 尾市ガ・ when ー as ) , 0 ″〃 g.l The dog ノレ襯〃 ed w 加〃加 s ″ ed.l Ⅳ加〃ー g れ e 豆 g - 〃襯 , ル 0 ガ the 〃 g 々引Ⅳん例 com_〃 d the ル m / Ⅲ襯加 the 〃 ge 立加 the or 雇 3 day/time/ afternoon when the day, time etc on or at which: T カ 2 尾の℃れ襯わ e 〃ー wo 〃 d 田わ 0 ー 0 ″ ' 尾他加 g 0 わ 0 レた 4 considering that: Ⅳわ ) , 0 ) , 0 レ wa れ一 0 〃 e わ w カ 2 な ) , 0 レ ' 怩 got such 0 good 0 〃 e 0 ケ ead ア ? 5 even though or in spite of the fact that: 7 物の , ん e, 〃ー digging わ e 〃の , 襯″立カ 0 怩ん〃 ou,' れ e 尾 was 〃 0 わ 0 e. when2 〃 ro 〃 1 since when used in questions t0 mean since what time: Since when ん as ″ been 0 〃 0 / 0 Ⅲ・わ usiness ん砒 ldo? 2 which time: next 4 ユ , , の , わ the 〃夜むカ 0 ″ s わ 0 ″ⅲ s わ whence /wens/adv,pronoldusefromwhere: Whence ca ′〃 e ーわな′〃 0 〃 ? —compare WHITHER When ・ ev ・ er /wen ・ CV可-でV0「/ ad co 〃ノレ〃 c れ 0 〃 1 every time that a particular th ing happens: Ⅳカル ever eco 襯 e カ e ビ eseeso ″ ~ 20 〃 e e ん〃 OW 0 レ - ed 0 わ 0 のわ例催加なわレ〃 g り , , レⅢ〃 I 怩 ss - c ゆ″わ him r. 2 at any time: l'd 〃 e ね see ) , 0 レ whenever it's CO 〃 ve 〃〃れ 3 s. 〃 0 ん e れ used when it does not matter what time something happens, or when you dO not know the exact time something happens: ・・ S わ 0 ″ー come 0 し 0r0 レ〃 d six?" "Whenever. ' where /weollwer/adv, co ″〃 c 0 〃 1 at, to, or from SI a particular place or position: Ⅳわ e 尾 d0 0 ″〃怩 ? は W asked んレの , わ e 尾 she was go 加 g.l Ⅳわ e 尾 0 尾 ) , 0 レ going 〃砒″引 Sit where 0 レ〃ん巳 —see POSITION (USAGE) 2 in, towards, or from a particular situ- ation or at a particular point ⅲ a speech, argument etc: Ⅳ 0 わ 2 尾 as に 0 わお , lwas 〃ⅲ g ア 0 レ 0 わ 0 砒 ん加 g mo 催の the 0 炉 r Ⅳわ e 尾 u ゾ〃 0 〃な fighting 0 〃 d OOd end.? 3 used at the begin- ning Of a sentence ⅲ which the second part expresses the opposite, or something different from the first part: Ⅳわ 2 尾 mos な〃 eo. 〃 sa 〃 0 ⅲ g わレー 0 hardened c 襯加 , A レ dr 0 ne 0 〃 d s. 〃 - where ・ a ・ b0u彙51 んWC訓つ・ baots<ll'weorobaots/ adb' $ 〃 0 ん e 〃 used tO ask in what general area something or someone is: rea わ 0 レな dO ツ 0 れ〃し e.? where ・ a ・ boutsz / ' we 。「 oba 国引・ we 「・ / れ [U] the place or area where someone or something is: Sb'S where- abouts 〃な知襯〃 refused 加尾観わな加尾 - 0 加レな . lthe whereabouts 0f the わ催加″な可 2 襯な s g dOC レ襯 e 〃な where ・ as / weo 「・出 zllwe 「 - / CO 〃ノレれ c 行 0 〃 1 used tosay S2 that although something is true ofone thing, it is not true Of another: Ⅳわ ) , 0 尾 some ca 〃 cet ・ s cured の , chemotherapy 襯 0 れ巳出わで as others 0 尾ガ d

1887 there わ e の・ d 0 〃 0 な色 lback then ()a long time ago in the past, when things were different) Back e 〃 we e 厩 加〃 dg ⅲ B c ん〃 00Z. lthen and only then の 外れん e. 2 next; after something has happened: YO レ ' 尾 doing ″ 0 〃田 ro 〃 g. 外れズ e ア 0 Ⅲ・ 0 〃 d わリ″ 0 〃 d 肱 e 〃 add theeggs.lFit ・ thepassengersand e ″ 2 stewardsjumpedfrom the 尾 c ん age. 3 used tO say that because 0f what you know about the situ- ation, something else is probably true : S れ〃加 0 盟・ 盟野 0 襯 as ? 〃 0 し e ア 0 レノレ立 got 0 ″こ可わ 2 ざ e 〃 if... then... = 30 〃 d = 5 ズニ 15. 4 butthen (aga i n) es. 〃 2 朝観ゆ挈 0 e 〃 used t0 say that although something is true something else is aISO true which makes the first thing seem less important: ー 0 ″ 7 spend much わ砒 e 〃 / d0 〃 7 尾 0 〃 ) , go 0 リー襯レ c ん 5 s. 〃 0 〃 used at the end Of questions, statements etc, especially t0 agree with someone or tO make peo- ple aware that you are speaking: SO, w ん砒 dO ) , 0 リ dO 2 〃引 Rig わー e 川 s ん 0 〃 we s 引 " Mo 襯 , 襯 0 リ 〃厄ア〃〃な″わ襯 eP " "Get the わ 0 〃 s 0 e ル 6 especially 〃 0 ん e 〃 used when giving your opinion or advice about something: 〃ア 0 レ ' 尾 go 加 g ね go 肭 e 〃 go. ド〃 2 ' S boring, r レ dea 〃 arroga 〃た " "Then divorce 襯 . " 7 so that something happens or so that someone does something: Wear 0 big れ砒田 ar ん glasses 2 〃″ 0 0 〃 e will recog 〃た e ) , 0 レ . 8 used in a list Of things when you have remembered something else you want tO add: Id0 0 〃 the washing 0 〃 dc 厄 0 ル ing 0 〃 d e ″ there's the 炉 0 れⅲ g 0. 9 then and there also there and then immediately: ー expected れ 0 怩 0 ″ 0 wda s , わレこの , な s ed e 〃 ass 〃 0 0 〃 d e 尾 . —see also now and then (NOW 6 ) ) then2adjthethen president, DirectoretcthePresi- dent, Director etc at a particular time in the past: secretary 加 2 市 e 〃〃éa 0 工ん ig わ Entertainment thence /öens/advformal 1 from there: Ⅳ厩の わ 0 砒 Trieste, 0 〃 e 〃 ce の作 0 ⅲ toPrague. 2 for reason thence ・ forth /öensIfo:0111öensfo:rO/aISO thence ・ for- ward /öens ・ f0:W0dドf0:「W0「d/ adv formal starting from that time: Thenceforth he m こ・ his life 加 E g 〃 d. theo- / 0 い / also the- 〃 re. ズ concerning God or gods: eo g. ) , (=study ofreligion) the ・ 00「a ・ cy /0i'Dkrasill- ・ 0:-/ 〃 ] a social system or state controlled by religious leaders —theocratic / 襾 : kr 田 t ⅸ可 0 の : the i 襯〃 0 れ 0 〃 0 工 0 theocratic S the ・ Od ・ 0 ・ lite 襾・ Ddo t110 面 : - / 〃 [CI a piece ofequip- ment used by a land SURVEYOR for measuring angles the ・ 0 0 ・ gia れ / 襾 : 酬 0 ( ) d30n ド ( ) - / 〃 [C] someone whO has studied theology theological ( 0 ト厄 ge ・ / BrE, theological seminary な ・・・ / ス mE ー〃 [C] a collegefor train- ing people tO become priests or church ministers the ・ 0 ト 0 ・ gy /0i'Dlad3i110iIa:-/ ″ 1 [U] the study of religion and religious ideas and beliefs: He studied eo 砒 college. 2 [C,U] a particular system Of religious beliefs and ideas:According れおれ m the- 0 g. ア曲 e 尾な 0 ″ 0 〃 2 GOd. —theological / 襾 : 0 ・抦 d 引 kol< トリ 0 : - / 0 : theological わ砒 e —theo- logically /-k 町 adv theo ・ rem / 0 い m 『 Oi : 0- / 〃 [CltechnicaIa statement, especially ⅲ mathematics, that you can prove bY reasonmg 1000 , 2000 3000 most frequent words in Spoken and Written EngIish theo ・ ret ・ i ・ cal / 0 は代 t ⅸ 0 叮襾 : 0- / also theo ・ ret ・ ic / 0 は代い kll,Oi : 0 可 1 concerned with the study Of scientific ideas rather than with practical uses Of science or practical experience: theoretical physics ー・ compare PRACTICALI ( 1 ) 2 a theoretical situ- ation or condition is supposed tO exist but does not reallyexist: E ″ 0 〃ゆ抛ー ee 〃襯 e 〃 0 ″ d 0 襯 e 〃 ~ 〃 0 ・ soc ゆな s れ〃 0 ″ゆ eo 尾 ca 川 0 eo 尾れ ca わ・なん 0 工 0 〃 theo ・「 et ・ i ・ ( ツ襾 0 廰 t ⅸ川 l,0i : 0- / adv [sentence adverb] 1 used to say what is supposed to happen ⅲ a particular situation when the opposite is true: T わ尾れ c 襯 Da 襯れ ' S the boss, わ砒ー co - ord 加 0 the am 0 〃 0 dg 知 - dg アわ as な . 2 according tO a scientific idea that has not been proved to be true ⅲ a practical way: れな eo 尾れ ca 〃〃 os わ厄工ör 〃砒 s beprogrammed ⅲん〃ん e レ襯 0 〃 s. theo ・ rist お 0 い島 stll ・ Oi : 0- / also theo ・ re ・ⅱ・ cian / 襾 0r0 第」・ 0 可襾 : 0- / 〃 [C] someone wh0 develops ideas within a particular subj ect that explain why par- ticular things happen or are true : 0 厄 0 ざ加 g 2C0 ″ 0 襯 eo theo ・「板e also -ise BrE/'010rmzlliOi:o-/ v [I + about/ on, T + that] to think ofa possible explanation for an event or fact theo ・ / 0 「 i 『 0i : ori / 1 [CI an idea or set ofideas that is intended t0 explain something about 1 江 or the world, especially one that has not yet been proved tO be true: D 加 ' S 肱 eo 0 工 0 ルれ 0 可 theory that the 砒〃 g ん一な襯 0 雌 砒 s 2 [UI the general principles or ideas 0f a subject, especially a scientific subject: F 尾リ市 0 れ the- 0 れ as ad 0 g 0 [ 加アレ e 〃 ce 0 〃〃 c れ 0 わ g. 3 in theory something that is true ⅲ theory is not actu- ally true although it is supposed tO be: 加 e00 , 0 〃 d could 〃 0 ″わ 0 襯〃ん、ル r ever, わなな ard 盟 rac れ c 観 . 4 [C] an idea that someone thinks is true but for which they have no proof: the- ory that Detectives 0 Ⅲ or ん加 g 0 〃 0 e00 0 ー his 襯リ催田 as someone he 〃 e . 5 [U] the set 0f rules on which a practical subject or skill is based: musical eo り , ther ・ a ・ peu ・ tic んee「0 ・ pju:tlk</ 0 1 intended tO helptreatorcurean illness:Nettlescontain vitamins わ 0 怩 0 催 0 〃 e 砒 ic va ル e. 2 making you feel calm and relaxed:lfindswimming very 催 0 〃 e リれ c. —therapeutically /-kli/ ad じ ther ・ a ・ peu ・ tics /,0eroIpju:t1ks/ れ [UI c れ c 観 the part 0f medical science concerned with the treat- ment and cure Of illness the 「・ a ・ pist /IOeropåst / れ [C] someone wh0 has been trained tO give a particular form Of treatment for physical or mental illness: 0 speech の・ 0 i ther ・ a ・ py/'Oeropi/n [C,UI 1 thetreatmentofan ill- ness or injury over a fairly long peri0d 0f time, especially without using drugs or operations 2 the treatment or examination Of someone's men- tal problems by talking tO them for a long time about their feelings; PSYCHOANALYSIS: be in therapy ( =be having therapy) 沢 0 わ was ⅲ 2r0 ) アör severalyears. —see alSO OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, SPEECH THERAPY therel / 0C0 , 00 い er , 0 / 盟〃 1 there is/there are/ there must be used tO say that something exists: ム 催困 0 尹 d 物 e 尾 ' S れ OS. 〃 e 朝観 0 可 dO ⅲ g ″ー ) , 0 リノ″立わ 0 怩の m ⅸ市 edO レ g わ s わゆ 3 T れ e 尾 m レ立 W3 S2 WI SI WI

ret 572 e ・ gret / ・ i : 9 , -et/ 〃 [CI a bird that lives near water and has long legs and long white tail feathers E ・ gyp ・ tianl を d 引可 an / 〃 ] someone from Egypt E ・ gyp ・ tian2 0 可 from or connected with Egypt eh /el/ ⅲな ec れ 0 〃 0 ん 2 れ BrE, CanE 1 used when you want someone tO repeat something because you did not hear it: Eh? She's got わ 0 ma ? 2 used when you want someone tO reply tO yo リ or agree with something you have said: ん 00 ん 0 材わ ese. Smart, 2 ん ? 3 used when you are surprised by something someone ei ・ der ・ down / ・ aldodaunll-dor-/ 〃 [CJ a thick warm cover for a bed, filled with duck feathers eight /elt/ 〃″襯わ催 1 8 2 a team Of eight people whO row a racing boat 3 have had one over the eight BrE 0 イ 0 d tO be drunk —eighth 〃″襯わ er eigh ・ teen な自 i : n 可れレ m わ催 18 ei g hth 向 t0 / 〃 [C] one of eight equal parts of something eighth note た・ / れ [ClAmEamusical notethat con- tinues for an eighth ofthe length Ofa WHOLE NOTE,• QUAVER2 ( 1 ) BrE —see picture at MUSIC eigh ・ ty なⅲ / 〃″襯わ催 80 ei ・ stedd ・ fOd /al'stedfodll-va:d/ れ [CI a special meet- ing ⅲ、 Malesatwhichtherearecompetitions insing- ing, poetry, and music SI ei ・ therl / 朝 0 ・ i : 00r / co 可レ″ c れ 0 〃 1 used to begin a WI list of two or more possibilities separated by 、 or ' : YO ″ ad 肱催 0 〃 e の・ , 0 stock c ″加 s. 加 ' S e ん加 d 0 ア〃・ so れ 0 リ or カ 0 はれむ as 催〃加ん red, ororange. —compare OR ( 1 ) 2 used tosay that if one thing does not happen then something else will have to: lt's 0 盟・ c れ 0 た e ! 刃″わ催 she at ) or ー 田〃〃 75S 襯 sa 0 〃 0 工öras 阨 r rmo r わ it's 市 0 ー or 0 〃 e ca だ sv eithe 「 2 催襯ⅲ催 1 oneortheotheroftwothings WI' or people: l've 〃 v 記加 New Yo 0 〃 d Chicago わ d0 〃 7 〃ん e ・ c ″ ) , 怩 much. leitherway(=inone way or the other) Yo レ ca 〃 g Edinburgh の , な 0 加 or 〃れ e わ催 0 ア it's 怩 0 , ex„ e s 加色ド・ S わ 0 〃 we わ 0 加 0 れ ot ・ Chinese?" ・ 7 面″ 7 mind 催の , 尾 0 〃 ). ' 1 T 加わ 0 ' Sd レ eo 〃 el 併わわ″加 doc r 覊 ″ could 加 0 加 g を催田の ,. (=it could be born two weeks early or two weeks late)—compare ANY, NEITHERI 2 one and the other of two things or peo- ple; each: He sat 加 the わ ac ん可 2 car ″わ 0 0 〃 ce - ma れ 0 〃ⅵ催 side.l There 0 s ん 0 〃 s 0 / ⅵ肱催 2 〃 d 0 工 2 street. —compare BOTH 3 an either-or Situ- ation a situation in WhiCh you avoid having tO make a decision or choice ——see A い 0 (USAGE) e ither3 川〃 one or the other oftwo things or people: T ん e ' S CQ ガーレ ca 〃加 e ″加 r.lDoe ″加 r 可 レん〃 0 わ e 尾ー ca 〃わ 0 2 ゆ round 加尾 ? either4 0 市 , 1 [only ⅲ negativesl also: ー加〃 7 s 〃曲 2 川 OV 0 〃 d my わ ro わ as 〃 7 . (=both haven't seen ⅱ ) ド 7 ca れ 7 swim. " ・ 7 ca 〃 7 , either. " 2 me either AmE s, 〃 0 ん used to say that something is also true about you: ・ 7 面〃々 0 0 襯 0 〃 g を れ 0 . " “ 4 阨ⅵ催 . "ー℃ ompare NEITHER3, T00 ( 2 ) e•Jac•u•late を d3 出 kj e 可 v [I,T] 1 when a man ejaculates, SPERM comes out of his PENIS 2 old- 知 tO suddenly shout or say someth ing, especially because you are surprised —ejaculation / l,d3 田 kjg 阨叮測 / 〃 [C,UI e•Ject /1'd3ekt/ v 1 は ] tO make someone leave a place or building by using force: eject sb from T ん 2 demonstrators e 尾 ejectedfrom the わ 0 〃 . 2 [TI to suddenly send something out: 〃な可 e け / örm ac when 0 ″ 0 insect 作 s 0 ″ ac ん them. 3 卩 ] to jump out 0f a plane because it is going to crash 4 卩 ,T] to make something come out of a machine by pressing a button —ejection 川 d3e 灯 on / 〃 [C,UI e ・ jec ・ t0「 seat/ 亠・ . ・ /alsoejection seatAmE—n [CI a special seat that throws the pilot out of a plane when it is going to crash eke /i:k/ v eke sth ← out 〃ん・ v [TI 〃 ra 1 to make a small supply Of something such as food or money last longer by carefully only using small amounts of it: Tod の , ' S れ d わ ome -0 〃 er わ as ekeout んな〃 e ル s わ〃 as わ e れ eca ル 2 eke outa living/existenceto succeed ⅲ getting the things you need to live, even though you have very little money or food: T わ eke 0 〃ー 0 襯な℃わ existence ⅲ card わ 00r s わ ac ん s. EKG /j: ke1'd3i:/n[C] an American form ofECG e ・恰 b ・ 0 ・「 atel /lllæboråt/adjcontainingalotofsmall details or parts that are connected with each other inacomplicated way : 0 〃 ela わ 0r0 mosa な CO 〃 S なれ〃 g 0 工 0 レ sa れ ds 0 ア〃 ) , 〃 ce 引 elaborate plan/notes/ excuses etc ( =carefully produced and full of details) —elaborately 0 v : 0 〃 ela わ 0r0 ゆ carved oode 〃 statue —elaborateness 〃 [U] e•lab ・ 0 ・ rate2 を læbö代可 v [I,T] to give more details or new information about something: He sa he わ ad ev 2 〃 ce , わ砒 r グ″ s ね ela 加 ra 0 れ工″加 r. は + onl ん砒催 c わ 0 〃豆〃ゆ ela わ ot ・ 0 0 〃わ催 0 g 加 0 ~ ーわ es . —elaboration /1, læba ・代叮 on / 〃 [U] é•lan /'ellnnllellla:n/n [U] 〃 ra a style that is full of energy and determination: The 0 な ac ん as 〃厄れ″ ed 0 ″ d led withgreat éla ル e ・恰 pse 川 læps/ v[l not ⅲ progressive]formal ifa par- ticular period Of time elapses, it passes: S 夜尼 ra ー 襯 0 〃 s 2 ・ e の elg 〃 se わ e_ 知尾な ca as わ ro レ g ん一 e•las ・ ticl /l'læstlk/ 〃 [UI a type of rubber material that can stretch and then return to its usuallength orsize: T ん e ″ 0 ″ 0 困 e こ″ 0 が e 可 elastic. elastic2 0 可 1 made of elastic: 可 as c stockings 2 a material that is elastic can stretch and then go back tO its usual length or size: C ん〃 d ″ ' S bones 0 尾 工är 襯 0 尾 elastic. 3 a system or plan that is elastic can change or be changed easily: ん 0 れ g ″ age レ sage な ー elastic ね加 described using ノ″ 0 few 豆襯〃 . —elasticity /. i : 屈・ s い s / れ [U] elastic band 、・ / 〃 ] BrEa thin circularpiece of stretchy rubber used for fastening things together; RUBBER BAND E ・ 5 ・ tO ・可 ast /l'læstoplu:stll-plæst/ れ℃ , Ⅵ BrE trademark a sticky bandage used to cover small cuts ; BAND-AID AmE e ・ lat ・ ed /ll 層 tåd/ 0 可 extremely happy and excited, especially because you have been successful: Elated の , 0 ″ r け 00 , 2S0 〃 ga 〃 the 0 ) , わ ome. e•la ・ tion / 門 e 叮 on / れ ] a feeling of extreme happi- ness and excitement

there 1888 somee na れ 0 〃知 r 0 砒〃市 s わ加ⅵ 0 〃 r.l there seems/appears tO be There seems の be some 襯なねん e. l've never m 0 レ加ⅲ襯 ~ 2. は here exists/there remains etc 工ör 襯 0 と There remains the 〃 os 豆わⅲゆ砒 mistakes 加怩加 e 〃襯 ade. 2 there was/there were etc used tO say that some- thinghappened: Suddenly 2 尾 0 わ″ d げ as わ as the c c ん″盟 2 ア oor T 加尾 e 尾 s 側襯五 g れな 0 レな滬 2 ビ s d m わ″ー〃 0 0 〃 e as わリ滝 . SI there2 / öe 可「 / adv 1 ⅲ or tO a particular place: WI Sit e 尾 0 れ d wa ″レ厩〃 the ac わ催 ' S 五〃なん ed.l 0 ″ 0 〃 d ? I' 観の , s 0 厩 e go 2 尾 3D0 ″ ' 叮レ立 stand 催 2 ー 0 something. 勹 out/in/under etc there 7 ん〃 0 there's 0 襯 0 リ se under 市 e 尾 SO 襯 e e 尾 3 over there 〃 0 0 尾 ) , 0 ″ g れ〃 go ″ 0U2 ・ thereinParis.P—compareHERE1(1) 2 ifsomething is there, ⅱ exists: The chance as there, わ砒 ldidn't ん e it.lAlIthefood な e 知 e 砒 e 〃 so 0 e 可 0 Ⅳ as ん困測加 c 〃 m わ edE 怩尾 Ma 〃 0 りリレ sa 濯 "Because ″出 as 催 e. ” 3 $ 〃 0 ん e 〃 used tO say which statement, idea or reason you agree with, you want t0 say something about etc: ・ 7 わ e 〃 e 怩 we 0 尾 0 〃 〃 rod レ c お 0 / 0 ・ e 〃ⅲ ro 〃襯 e 〃れ " "l'm sorry わ″ー 1 dis- ag 尾 2 な″催 e. " 4 s. 0 〃 used tO get some- one's attention when you are speaking tO them or tO make them notice someone or something:Hey, ア 0 レ there! Ⅳ砒 c わ 0 レた勹〃 ~ 肱 e 尾 , ーわ 0 〃 7 seen 0 ″加 ages.l T れ催を goes the わ 0 〃 2 0g0 ⅲ . lt's れ立 0 〃〃 ed 〃 g 加 ga 〃 mor 加〃 g. 5 get there a) toarrive ⅲ a particularplace: MO e ア 00 ざれ ad わ〃 e 砒 the れ me Ig e 尾 . b) s, 〃 0 ん e 〃 to succeed ⅲ doing something:lttookmea / 0 ア襯 ea れ de 圧 0 4 レ 0 れガ asadoc の r わ砒 lg 2 尾加 ee 〃 d. 6 bethere(for (b) $ 盟 0 ん e 〃 tO be ready to help someone or be kind to them when theyhave problems: That's わ 0 ーーわ怩 d 0 砒襯 ) 催ー襯田 0 ア s e 尾 for 襯 2. 7 he ・ 5 / she ・ 5 not all there s, 〃 0 ん e 〃 a phrase used to describe someone who is not very intelligent and seems slightly crazy, used when you want to avoid saying this directly 8 there and back the dis- tance, cost etc there and back is the total distance or cost Ofthe journey to a place, added to the distance or cost Of the return: T わ e ' S 〃ね 0 わ ad ー 0 〃ゆ 知レ r 加レ島催 e 0 〃 d c ん 9 there and then also then and there immediately: ー 0 レ g れ一 l'd 々 0 出 0 〃わ砒 0 ガ催 ed me the わ 2 尾の滬 . 10 there ・ sa good boy/there ・ sa cleverdog etcspo- ん e 〃 used to praise a child or animal 11 there you are/go 盟 0 ″ a) used to be polite when giving something to someone: " Ca ″ 1 わ砒沼 [ 0 わ″お可 催 e に " "There リ 0 鷓砒 ' 〃加 20 〃 ase. " b) used when someone is upset, com- plains etc, tO tell them that what has happened is typical or they should have expected it 12 that b00k there/those 5h0e5 there etc s. 0 ん e れ used when showing or pointing to where something is: Ca 〃 0 レ pass me 0 [ 加 e glass 肱 e 尾引 that there book/those there shoes etc ()a form of this expression that is sometimes used although most people think it is incorrect) れ as those e 尾わ 0 s 加 the road c わ ma 襯 2 知〃面ル there3 /öeollöer/ 加な ec れ 0 〃 used to express success, satisfaction, sympathy etc: There! l've done ″ ! l've s 皙〃新″ 0 れ s 0 んわ催 e! Ⅳわ砒 ca 〃 レ知 r 0 〃れ 0 リ r. は here, there! (=used to comfort someone who is crying) T ん 2 尾 , e 尾 , do 〃 7 get SO レ〃 set! there ・ a ・ bouts ん 0C0 「 0 ・ baot 引い e 司 also there ・ a ・ bout /-'baot/advAmEnear a particulartime, place, num- ber etc, but not exactly: or thereabouts T 々 2 houses 出 e 尾わⅵ″ⅲ 19300r e 尾 0 わ 0 砒 s. there ・ af ・ t・「 / 0C0 「石 : fto い e 「 ftor / 0 市 , r 襯襯 after a particular event or time; afterwards: 70 , 000 襯 e れカ ad じ 0 ル厩 e 催の 2 S 印襯加 r , ・ e 尾 0 ア , 0 〃〃 ro 襯 0 1 , 側 Ome 〃 2 〃〃 s each mo 〃 . there ・ by / Öeo 物田 , ' öeob 田い e 「・ b 田 , e 司 adv 知 r 襯襯 W3 with the result that something else happens: He became 0 c ″た e 〃ⅲ 19 / 8 , 2 尾わ ) , ga 加ⅲ g the g ん一 VO there ・ fore / ・ 0f04 'öerfo:r/ adv r 襯襯 as a result of S2 something that has just been mentioned: The do 〃の・ WI ん as gone dO れ 0g0 ⅲ the ッ e 〃 , ・ 0 尾ノ 0 盟の se goods are ~ ″ 0r2 e 盟 e 〃 S れ尼アörA 〃 rica 〃 S. —see THUS (USAGE) there ・ in / 0C0 n い e 司 adv r 襯 0 / 1 ⅲ that place, or ⅲ that piece Of writing: See T 〃 SO 川 1983 , 0 れ d the references cited ere ⅲ . 2 therein lies used to say that something is caused by or comes from a par- ticular situation: The な ea ゆ was i 襯〃 0 d byforce, 0 〃 d ・〃 ~ 0 ) , the cause 0 ア″ s ineffectiveness. there ・ in ・ af ・ t2「 / , 0C0 ロ n で : ft . öe ロ n f い「 / adv 厄 later ⅲ the same ofhcial paper, statement etc there ・ Of / öe v い e 「 : v / 0 欲 ) 知 r 襯観 concerning something that has just been mentioned: States dif- ア加 standards . r rod ″ c な 0 〃 d the 加〃加 g e 尾可 there ・ on /öeor'onllöer'o:n,-'a:n/ adv r 襯観 1 on the thing that has just been mentioned 2 THEREUPON there ・ tO /öeo'tu:llöerltu:/ 0 , r 襯観 concerning an agreement or piece Of writing that has just been mentioned:the 作 ea ゆ 0 れ d 0 れ CO 〃 d れ s 0 な ac わⅲ g 曲 er 0 there ・ un ・ d・「 /öeor'Andollöer'Andor/ 0 面 formal 1 under something that has just been mentioned 2 according tO a document, law, or part Of an agreement that has just been mentioned there ・ up ・ on /,öeorolpon, löeoroponll,öero'po:n, 」 pa: n , ・öero - / adv r 襯観 1 immediately after something else has happened, and usually as a result 0f it; then: T ん e 尾″ 0 〃 the わ 0 0 ″ d 〃 ce 立 00d レ〃 0 〃 d わ ega 〃 c ん r 加 g. 2 concerning a subj ect that has just been mentioned: ー 0 怩 read 0 レ r article, 0 〃 d な〃 comment ーわ ere リ〃 0 〃 . therm / 03 : m 担 3 : 「 m / 〃 [C] a measurement of heat equal tO 1 開 , 0 開 British Thermal Units, used ⅲ Bri- for measuring hOW much gas someone has used therm- / 03 : m 恒 3 : rm / 〃カズ another form of the prefix THERMO- ther ・ mall 3 : m 列国 3 : 司 0 可 [only before nounl 1 concerned with or caused by heat: m 襯 energyl 襯観 CO 〃レ c 鹿ゆ 2 thermal water is heated naturally under the earth: 曲催 m 襯 springs 3 thermal clothing is made from special material t0 keep you warm ⅲ very cold weather: er 襯 0 ~ レれér 20r therma12n[C] 1 arisingcurrentofwarmairused by birds 2 thermals [plurall 加 r 襯襯 special warm clothing, especially underwear the 「・ mi ・ 0 れ・ i ( 5 ん 03 : mi ' on ⅸ s 03 : 「 mi で : - / れ [ U レ ec わ - cal the part of science that deals with the flow Of ELECTRONS from heated metal

5t0 p 1794 5 stop at nothing ()O dO sth) t0 be ready tO dO any- thing, even if it is cruel, dishonest, or illegal, tO get what you want: Franca こ〃立 0 〃 0 ー〃 0 ⅲ g get 0 〃プⅲ曲 m. 6 stop 5h0 代 Of (doing) sth tO decide that you are not willing tO dO something wrong or dangerous, though you will d0 something sim ilar that is less dangerous: The USgovernment S ″〃 or sa 〃 c れ 0 〃 S わ″こ立 0 盟〃 e s わ 0 Ofm ⅲ ac れ 0 〃 . 7 STAY 田 BrE informal to stay somewhere for a short time, especially at someone 's house: ー 0 〃 7 sit dO 〃ー lhl 〃 s の〃〃加 g. は + for] Ca 〃 . YO レ 立 0 〃工 0r0 c わ 0 に 8 WALKING/TRAVELLING < ぽい 0 go to some- one and speak tO them or make them stop when they are walking or travelling somewhere: SO 襯 eo 〃 e s 〃 - ped me 加 the street の asked the u,' の引広の , 作 ) , の get au,' の , , 印 , ' 〃加 stopped 2 rd 催 . 9 MONEY く topreventmoneyfrom beingpaid after you agreed t0 pay it: stop sth from sth MO 〃の , for わ 0 ん ages 田襯加 s 〃〃 e 女 om ) , 0 Ⅲ・ ages. lstop a cheque (=tell your bank not tO pay the money) 10 BLOCK く ] also stop up to block some- th ing such as a pipe SO that water, smoke etc cannot go through it stop backphr じ [I]AmEto go back t0 a place you havebeentoearlier: Ca 〃 ) , 0 ″ s 〃わ ac ん later?l'mreal わレ right 〃 0 stop bypht ・ v [I,T] tO makea shortvisit toaplace or person, especially when you are on your way tO somewhere else: Daniel stopped わ ) , the newsagent's 0 ″ his の , わ 0 襯色 5t0 p sth ・一、 down 加・ v [T] tO make the h01e in a camera LENS ( 2 ) smaller SO that less light gets in when you take a photogr 、 aph stop in 〃加・叭 I い可ör 襯襯 1 tomakeashort vis- it tO a place or person, especially when you are on your way tO somewhere else:[ + at] ん 's 立 0 〃加 0 ′ ℃ ' SO ″ 0 Ⅲ・ wa. ア . 2 BrEto stayathome: l'm 立 0 〃 - ping ⅲ wash ″り , わ 0 か加〃んた stop 0 幵〃・ v 田 to make a short visit to a place during a journey, especially tO rest or tO see some- one: S 〃 0 〃 we s の〃 0 ガ ' some わ催 2 0 れ the 0 ) , CO 〃ⅢⅥ胛は + in/atetc] Ⅳé 0 〃〃 0 ガ・ⅲ立〃他 Ro . ル r 0 d の ,. stop out 〃わ r v 川 BrE r 襯観 to stay out later than usual: んた z s 加〃〃 edO 0 ″〃わー 0 ″ Sa ル r の ,. 5t0 p over 〃・ v 田 tO make a short stay some- where before continuing a long j ourney: T わ〃〃 e 立 0 〃 s OV 催ⅲ D レわ ai 0 れ the 田 0 ー〃 d 液 . This graph shows how common the different grammar patterns Of the verb stop are. op dOing sth op 5 式 h do ⅲ 9 5 市 式 opf 。「 10 % 20 % 。 p b op 30 % 8 on the 引市物 Nat•onal ( 0 「 pu 、引 ld the Longman Lancaster CorpuS stop upphr v 田 BrEinformalto stay up late: ・ / be 立 0 〃 ed レ〃れ〃 30 ' CIOC ん watch the わ 0 ズⅲ g. 5t0P2 ′ C ] 1 bring sth tO a stop tO stop something moving or 1 happening: David わ ro ″ g わロわ e 作″ c んの 0 sh uddering 2 come/roll tO a stop if a vehicle, an activity etc comes tO a stop, it stops moving or happening: Ⅳ・ん 0 ″ the r 可 2 けわ as come 0 立 0 〃わ ecause of 厄 c ん 0 / . ル〃 d ⅲ g. 3 DURING JOURNEY < a time or place when you stop during a journey for a short time: 0 レ r r 立 0 〃 was PariS, 0 〃 d 曲 e な we traveled 0 〃の グの・ s ⅵ〃 3 make a stop (=stop somewhere while travelling) Ⅳ 2 0 ″ゆ襯 0d2 第 stops 0 〃 2 わ〃 g drive dO 〃 ro ″ g わ Fra 〃 . 4 BUS/TRAIN く a place where a bus or train regularly stops for people tO get on and 0 Ⅳ 7 ' わなな 5 put a stop tO sth tO prevent something from con- tinuing or happening: Thenetv 厄 s わ 0 ″〃″ー 0 立 0 〃 〃 s tax s ル 6 pull out all the 5t0P5 tO d0 everything you poss- ibly can to make something happen and succeed: The Bianchis わ ad レ〃記 0 0 〃 the 立叩 s 知 r e 炉 daughter's wedding. 7 MUSIC a) a set of pipes on an ORGAN ( 2 ) that produce sound b) a set 0f handles that you push in or out in an organ tO control the amount Of sound it produces 8 CONSONANT < a consonant sound, like /p/ or /k/ , made by stopp ing the flow 0f air completely and then suddenly letting it out Of your mouth; PLO- SIVE —see alSO FULLSTOP stop ・ ( 0 ( k /'stnpkDkll'stu:pka:k/n[Cl a VALVE ( 1 ) that can be opened or closed with a TAP ( =object you turn) tO control the flOW Of a liquid ⅲ a pipe; TURNCOCK BrE stop ・ gap / 叩 g 記可 0 : p - / 〃 [CI somethingor some- one that you use for a short time until you can replace it with something better: 0 s ね〃 ga 〃襯 s 盟℃ stop-go / ドイ 0 の stop-go approach/policies etc BrE a way Of controll ing the economy by restricting government spending for a periOd Of time and then not restricting it SO severely for a time stop•light / ・ s い p 朝叮・ stu : p - / 〃 [C] also stoplights 〃ル r 襯襯 E a set 0f coloured lights used t0 control direct traffic ; TRAFFIC LIGHTS stop ・ 0 ・ e 「 / D 測 v 司ト ta : p. 0 ( Ⅳ or / 〃 [C] a short stay somewhere between parts 0f a j ourney, espec ially on a long planejourney: 0 tu ) 0- dg ア s 〃 OV 円・ⅲ〃 0 〃 g ん 0 〃 g stop ・ page /'stop1d311'sta:-/ 〃 1 [CI a situation ⅲ which workers stop working for a short time as a protest: 行襯 e ん立ⅲ d な〃 0 〃 d stoppages 2 [C] something that blocks a tube or conta iner: 0 れⅲ s - 〃 0 / s の〃〃 age 3 ℃ , UI BrEthe act ofstopping some- thing from moving or happening: CO 襯〃 0 〃〃 ag 四 0f 川 d レ c 行 0 可 s の〃〃 ag ⅲ耙 i 可リ阜 , 4 stoppages [plurall BrE money kept back from your wages by your employer in order tO pay your tax, for your PENSION etC stop ・ pe 「みい p 可。 : por / ′日 C ] thethingthat you put ⅲ the top part 0fa b0ttle t0 close it —stopper v[Tl —see picture at LABORATORY

1621 5ea50 れ一れ 9 Frequencies Of search ヨ 00k for and try tO find ⅲ spoken and written English. SPOKEN 5 a なト look for try find ok 危「 まⅣ tOfi れ d 100 2 側 300 Ⅲ on 8 d on the 8 「ⅲ Sh N 日れ on ( 0 「 p リ 5 and the Longman い n ( 引日 ( 0 「 p い This graph 5h0W5 that the expressionslook fO 「 and try tO find a re much more common i n bOth spoken and written English than the verb search. LOOk fO 「 and try tO find are used in a very gene 「 way. Search iS used when someone. Often a 9 「 oup Of people, spends time looking fO 「 something 0 「 someone in a careful, organized way. は iS mo 「 e common in written English than in spoken English. 1000 , 2000 , 3000 most frequent words in Spoken and Written English in a year; spring, summer, autumn, or winter 1 A YEAR [CI one ofthefourmainperiods sea ・ 50n1 /'si:zan/ 〃 holidays) —see SHOREI (USAGE) seaside resort ( = where a 10t 0f people go for their place you go tO have a holiday or t0 enj0Y yourself: area or town along the edge Of the sea, especially a sea ・ side /'si:sald/ 〃 the seaside especially BrE an movement 0f a boat or ship —seasickness 〃 [UI 5 ・ a ・ si ( k ト i いⅸ / 0 の feeling very Ⅲ because 0f the and rocks —compare BEACH , SEASIDE along the edge Of the sea, usually consisting 0f sand sea ・ 5h0 「 e /'si:fo:ll-fr:r/ 〃 the seashore the land animal sea ・ shell /'si: 、「 el/ n[C]the shell ofsome types ofsea like animal that people used t0 think lived ⅲ the sea sea ser•pent ・・ / 〃 [C] an imaginary large snake- sea sea ・ scape /lsi:skelp/n [C] apictureorpaintingofthe critical: 0 〃 expression ofdeep, searing CO 〃襯〃ー 3 searing words or attitudes are very severe and like a burn: 0 searing 0 加わ e れ加 d the eyes extremely hOt 2 searing pain is severe and feels sear ・ ing トい口 ' s に / 0 の 1 searing heat is ing, for example in order tO 100k for stolen goods gives the police Offic ial permission tO search a build- . ・・ / 〃 [C] a legal document that search war ・ rant ized tO lOOk for someone WhO is miss ing or lOSt ・ / れ [C] a group of people organ- search par ・ ty 尸 people, vehicles etc ⅲ the dark that can be turned ⅲ any direction, used for finding search ・ light / ' S3 : t 」 *la ⅱ『 S3 : 「 - / れ [CI a powerful light —searchingly ad し ation etc that lOOks throroughly at all the facts examination/investigation/analysis an examin- one's thoughts and feelings 2 searching is trying tO find out as much as possible about some- 1 searching look/glance a 100k from someone whO search ・ ing / ・ S3 : 叮可ト 3 : r - / 0 可 [only before noun] 2 USUAL TIME FOR STH く [singular] a period Of time ⅲ a year when something happens most Often or when something is usually done : rainy/ dry/wet etc season (=when there is a 10t of rain etc)l growing/raspberry/asparagus etc season ( =when particular plants are growing)l hunting/ shooting/fishing etc season (=when you can dO that sport)l mating/breeding season ( = when ani- mals breed)l football/basketball etc season ( = when a sport is officially played) ltourist season AmE, holiday season BrE ( =the time of year when people come tO a particular place for a holiday)l high /peak season (=the time of year when a place is most busy, especially a holiday place) は ow / 0 仕 / slack season (=the time of year when a place or company is not busy) lthe holiday season 襯 E ( =Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's) 3 be in season a) ifvegetables orfruitare ⅲ sea- son, it is the time Of year when they are ready tO eat b) if a female animal is ⅲ season, she is ready tO MATE2 (1) 4 out 0f season a) ifvegetables or fruit are out of season, it is not the time Of year when they would normally become ready t0 eat b) if you travel or stay somewhere out ofseason, you do it at the time Of year when most people dO not 5 FASHION < [C] a time during which particu- lar designs Of clothes are produced and SO and are considered to be fashionable: The Paris season beganin M の ,. 6 FILM 5 ETC < [singularl a time during which a series Of films, television progr 、 ammes etC iS shown, espec ially ones made by the same person or about the same subject: 0 〃 e season 0 工 CO 襯 ed, ) , 0 〃 BBCI 7 5ea50 n ′ 5 g reeti ngs used especially on greetings cards tO say that you hope someone has a happy Christmas 8 the season of 900d Ⅲ the time around Christ- mas —see alSO CLOSE SEASONG OPEN SEASON, SILLY SEASON season 2 こ日 T ] 1 tO add salt, pepper etc tO some- thing you are cooking tO make it taste better 2 tO make W00d hard and ready tO use by gradually dry ing it sea ・ 50 ・れ a ・ b ー e /'si:zonobol/ 0 の . r 襯観 1 suitable for the time Of year 2 coming or happening at a suitable time —seasonably adv sea ・ 50 れ・ a リ・ si : zano リ 1 usually happening or available during a particular season: 0 2 made 測″わSe0S0〃0~カ・ uits!seasonalnormBrE(=theaver- age weather conditions for a particular season) 2 happening or needed only at a particular time Of year: seasonal workers/labour/employment etc seaso ″ 0 り 0 わ s ⅲ the レ industry sea ・ 50 れ・ ally /lsi:zanoli/ adv according tO what is usual for a particular season: seasonally adj usted figures BrE ( =figures, especially about the number Of unemployed people, that are changed according tO what usually happens at a particular time ofyear) sea ・ soned /isi:zond/ 0 可 1 seasoned traveller/ cam pa ig ne r/veteran etC a very experienced travel- ler etc 2 seasoned f00d has salt, pepper etc added: well seasoned/highly-seasoned (=with a strong taste) sea ・ 50n ・ ing /lsi:zamo/ 〃 [C,U] salt, pepper, spices

1219 niqhthawk their real name and is 0ften connected with what they 100k like or something they have done —nick- name v ] Fra 〃ん Sinatra, nicknamed ・ 0 Blue Eyes' れ i00 ・ ti れ・ / ・ mkoti:n/ れ [U] a substance ⅲ tobacco which makes it difficult for people tO stOP smoking nicotine patch ・ / 〃 [C] a small piece ofmaterial containing nicotine which you stick on your skin tO help you stOP smoking niece /ni:s/n [Clthe daughter Ofyour brother or sis- ter, or the daughter Of your wife's or husband's brother or SiSter —compare NEPHEW -一・ see picture at FAMILY れ i 幵 /mf/ 〃 [singular] BrE 加 r 襯襯 a bad smell —niffy 。可 nif ・ ty/'mfti/adjinformalverygood,fast, oreffective: 0 〃ゆ〃″ gadg r レ z 加 g orangesla 〃 ) , 〃な tle car nig ・ gard•ly 尸 mgod 町っ r - / 0 可 1 unwillingto spend money or be generous; STINGY: T わ 2 landlord as 〃 ig- gardly 0 わ 0 レ [ 〃の r & 2 a niggardly gift, amount, salary etc is not worth very much and is given unwillingly: gga 田 ag —niggard 〃 [C] —niggardliness 〃 [UI nig ・ ge 「 / ・ mg 可っ r / 〃 [ C れ 0 0 an extremely offensive word for a black person —see NEGRO (USAGE) れ ig ・ 9 ー・ 1 /'mgol/v 1 [T] ifsomethingniggles you, it worries or annoys you slightly and you cannot for- get about it: SO 襯 2 加 g ' S わ〃 niggling her 0 〃 d の ,. 2 はい 0 argue or make critic isms about small unim- portant details: [ + about/over] She niggled 0 怩 r e ryde 〃 e 〃 . —niggle 〃 [CI —niggler [CI れ ig ・ g ⅱ ng /'mg0110/ 0 の niggling doubt/worry/ suspicion etc a doubt etc that keeps worrying you slightly and that you cannot stop thinking about: niggling d0 レ 0 わ 0 砒外 0 日 0 田襯 0 怩 s suddenly entered his mind. nigh /nal/ adv 1 nigh on 0 イås ⅲ 0 〃 almost: There ere 〃 ig わ 0 れ 40 〃 eo. ーれ夜℃ . 2 literarynear: draw nigh ( ニ come near or be about tO happen soon) Winter draws nigh. —see aISO well-nigh night/nalt/n WI 1 WHEN 灯 DARK [C,U] the dark part Of each 24-hour period when the sun cannot be seen: 0 starry ⅲ g れ引 at night/by night (=when ⅱ is dark) At night the 〃催 0 ル尾 drops 出 zero.l T わの , ケ砒沼〃 ed の , g 0 〃 ds ー d Ⅲ・加 g ed 叩 . lallnight (long) (=through the wh01e night) 加 New York' some stores の , 0 e 〃 0 〃 g れロ 0 〃 g.l T わ e ar な e 厩 0 〃 0 〃ⅲ g わ night train/flight/bus ()a train, plane, bus etc that travels at night) We ね 0 ん the 加 g ケ 0 加 Glasgow. は he night sky/air the night 月 at a Of night ( = ⅲ the middle Of the night when it is quiet) Theirmætings wereheld insecretat dead ofnight.lnight falls (=it becomes dark) Night was g 加〃ⅲ g 知〃 as wesailed 加 Vera Cruz. 2 WHEN YOU SLEEP the time when most people are ⅲ bed: ー d 〃 sleep [ well ⅲ g わ Ⅳ e れ ad g レ〃加 em 滬 d 0 工 e g . 卩 4 〃 ig わな ⅲ 0 5s r わ 0 llat night(=when it is night) She'sso 0 な ds 加 ca 〃 7 ee. 〃砒ⅲ g んⅲ the night (=dur- ing the night) The の 0 翫叩沁ⅲ 2 g れ spend the night Ⅳを e 加 e rs 田 0 nights 0 盟・ vac 砒 iO れ加 0 c わ 20 〃 mo い spend the night with sb (=and have sex with someone) lstay the night 1000 , 2000 , 3000 most frequent words in Spoken and Written English (=sleep at someone's house) 0 レ miss the わレ s わ 0 襯 e , 0 リ ca 〃観 wg ) ss ア e 〃 ig わ a goodnight's sleep (=when you sleep well all night) YO リん 0 ん e ズわ 0 レ s d ! Ⅳれ砒レ〃 d な 0 good night's s have a bad night BrE ( ニ not sleep much) 3 EVENING く [C,UI the time during the even- ing until you go tO bed: ル〃 ig れな ej レ stay 砒 home 0 れ d 砒 c 厄 v ⅳ 0 ル llast night Ⅳわ催 e 市 d 0 リ go 立ⅲ g わに国 tnightDo 0 レ襯〃 9 ゞ 30 加 themorn- ing or 9 ゞ 30 砒ⅲ g わには omorrow night MY 〃 are 〃な 0 尾 coming for 〃〃 er の襯 0 な OW g 厩 . lthe 0ther night s. 〃 0 ん e 〃 ()a few nights ago) Did ー〃リー sa Ⅳ Anse 〃 the 加 r g わに一 Friday night/ Saturdaynightetc T 尾 ' Sa 〃 ar ゆ砒 Be 〃 ' S 〃ね C20 〃 Sa ル rdg 加 g カ引 a night 0 収 t ()a night when you go toaparty,restaurant,theatre etc)Let'sgoseea わ 0 れ d ーー could 面Ⅲれん 0 night 0 砒 . llate at night A 〃れ 0 面 es がロ e him 0 既ⅲ g 襯 e 厄砒ⅲ g 剏 . 4 nightsespeciaIIyAmEifyou dosomethingnights, you dO it regularly or Often at night: 1 lie 0 0 ん e g んな .lwork nights l'd わ 0 ね work g わなー it's SO 0 〃れ SOC 液 5 night! s, 〃 0 ん e 〃 used tO say gpodbye tO someone when it is late ⅲ the evening or when they are going to bed: ル ig れだ S 0 リの mo な 0 ! 6 n ig ht nig ht! 0 ん例 used t0 say goodbye tO some- one, especially a child, when they are going tO bed 7 night after night every night for a long period: He's 0 砒 drinking g 0 尹催〃 ig わた 8 night and day/day and night all the time: T わ 2 s isguarded day 0 〃 d 〃 ig 厩 . 9 late n ig ht a night when you go t0 bed later than usual: YO ″ ' 尾 0 ん加 gs e. ) , な mor 〃加 g. T00 ma れ 厄 nights!—see alSO LATE-NIGHT 10 have an early night tO go tO bed earlier than usual: l'me ズ靨 t 記ー〃れⅲん I' ″わ 0 0 〃 ear g . 11 lastthing at nightjustbefore you go t0bed: 物″ 0 レ never 一 c ん加 g 0 ーⅲ g れた 12 atthis time Of night! s. 0 ん e used whenyou are surprised because something happens late at night: Ⅳ加 0 〃 r could 加 ca 〃加 g 砒な time 可ⅲ g わに 13 first night/opening nightthefirst pefformance ofaplayorshow: wesaw ・ ssS 朝 go が 0 〃″ SO. 〃 e れ g ⅲ g れた 14 make a night Of it tO stay out late drinking dancing etC —see alSO NIGHTLY night ・ cap /'naltkæp/ 〃 [C] 1 an alcoholic drink thatyou havejustbefore yougo t0bed 2 asoft cap that people ⅲ the past used tO wear ⅲ bed night ・ clothes /'naltklooöz, -k10UZl ト kloo-/ 〃 [plurall clothes that you wear ⅲ bed れ i ght ・ cl ub / ・ na1tklAb/ 〃 [C] a place Of entertainment open late at night where people can dance and drink night ・ club ・ bing 簡 a ⅱ . k 圦 b 川 / 〃 [U] go nightclub- bing BrE t0 spend an evening at a nightclub ・・・ /n[C]AmENIGHTSAFE night de ・ P05 ・ it ・ 0 ・ / ' ・ night ・ d「e55 / ・ naltdres/n ] a piece ofclothing' like a thin dress, that women wear ⅲ bed night ・ fall / ・ naltfo:ll ト fo:l/ れ ] the time when it begins tO get dark ⅲ the evening; DtJSK: We rushed 尾 ac わ home 加尾ⅲ g れ 0 〃 . night ・ gown /'naltgaun/ 〃 [C] a nightdress night ・ hawk / ・ naltho:kll-ho:k/ れ [CI especially AmE informal someone whO enjOYS staying awake all night

time 1911 dinner/break etc time ( ニ the time when you usu- in the past, especially when the s ituation is very ally have lunch etc)l at any one time ( = at any different now: れ seemed 〃ん 2 0 good 滬 ea 0 ー the particular time) There 0 尾 0 ) , s 0 ー 0 立ー田 0 れ襯 e. は as living ⅲ P わ 02 ″ⅸ at 2 れ襯 e. nut ・ ses 0 〃 d レゆ 0 ー 0 ″ア 0 ″ e time. lthis time tomor- 30 at one time at some time ⅲ the past but not row/last week etc T んな time tomorrow l' 〃加 get- now: Thisusedt0bea り , 〃 r ゆじ 0 〃砒 0 れ e れ襯 e. 行″ g 0 〃 0 〃厄〃 e Da 〃 as. 31 at th is ti me AmE at this particular moment:l dO 〃 7 尾 0 〃 ) 0 ″ 0 s 滝〃 0 れ new 尾厄 0 〃 s れゆ s ⑥ TIME WHEN STH SHOULD HAPPEN 0 ーな time. 18 [singular]the time when you should d0 some- 32 fO 「 the time being for a short period oftime thing, when something should happen, or when from now, but not permanently: YO リ ca 〃 stay something is expected tO happen: it's time tO dO the $ 〃 0 r00 襯アマわ e time わⅵれ g. sth Comeonkids, it's timetogo わ ome. lit'stimesb 33 fo 「 a time for a fairly short time, until some- did sth/was doing sth ( =used when saying that thing happens tO change the situation: FO? ・ 0 襯 e someone should dO something soon): れ 's れ m ビ tve we 0 ″〃怩 d ge 催〃 eac ゆ . T 加れ the な・ 0 レわ わ ad 0 〃・ゆ . lit's time for The VO rs 阨〃″ as s 阨滝 ed.lP 夜・〃怩 d 加れ 0 ゆ知 ra れ襯 e. れ襯 e 工ör 0 c 〃 0 〃 ge. 34 fo 「 some time for afairly long time: ーわ ad 〃 7 19 に 5 about time especially s. 〃 0 ん used tO say s 〃襯危襯 i ゆ知 rso 襯 e time. strongly that you think something should happen 35 fo 「 hours/months etc at a time for a period soon or should already have happened: れ 's 0 わ 0 砒 that continues for several hours, months etc: AIex 三 行襯を hegot わ ~ mse 既 0 rQ 〃催ルわ . 20 and about time too/not before time s. 〃 0 ん e 〃 な〃 0 〃〃 ad / ör わ 0 レ 0 0 れ襯 e. 36 fO 「 any length Of time for more than just a used When you are ・ annoyed because someone arrives late or something happens later than you short time: He s me ざレ 0 わねん〃 the samejob expected or than was arranged: "Here's Helen!" 知 ra 厄〃 g 曲可ⅲ . ・〃 d 0 わ 0 レーれ襯 2 0 ー where カ as she e 〃 ? ” 37 from time out of mind literaryforaverylong 21 on ti me arriving or happening at the correct time time or the time that was arranged: These buses ⑨ GOOD TIME/BAD TIME ETC 2 尾〃催盟・ 0 れれ襯 e.l right/bang/dead on time ( =at exactly the right time): 0 レ r 作 0 ⅲのアれ沼 d わ 0 ″ go れ 38 [C] a good time, bad time , diffcult time, etc is a m 色 periOd or part Of your life when you have good, 22 ahead of/behind time earlier or later than bad, difhcult etc experiences: This was the わ 0 〃 - the time when a piece Of work should be finished, 立襯 e 0 工わ・〃 have a good/great/ someone should arrive somewhere etc: The 襯 fantastic time (=enjoy yourselfa 10t ) : T ん 0 れん s 知 r as CO 襯〃 d れ 00 ア ears 0 わ 20d 0 / me. the 襯 e 観ー we わ 0 尾観 good time.l good/ 23 calltimeBrEtotellthecustomersinaptJBthat bad/hard etc times: lt's 加立ね forget the わ ad it is time tO stop drinking times 0 れ d ノレ立 remember thegood 0 〃 . ⑦ SUITABLE TIME ⑩ PERIOD IN HISTORY 24 [C,U] a suitable or convenient time for some- 39 ℃ ] also times[plural トー a particular peri0d in thing tO happen or someone tO dO somethingl history Roman/Greek/ancient etc times 0 作 0- good/bad time ( =a convenient or inconvenient d ⅲ 0 れ砒 goes ん加 M i 襯れ m ビ引 T 加カ ~ 襯 time): l'm 可トⅲ d 0 レ ' ca リ g わー me 0 ー 0 わ ad time— お us わ ac んね the れ川を可曲 2 A 襯催 0 〃 War 可 Ca ″リ ca 〃 c ん厄 r not be the time/be lndependence. lour time(s) (=the present peri0d hardlythetime: T s な力の・ d e れれ 00 厄 m ⅲ history)peace 加 0 Ⅲ・れ襯 e アör 0 Z00 ″ come at the right/wrong time: The 0 rise came 0 叮レ立 the g わーれ襯 e. ⑩ TIME NEEDED TO DO STH 25 there ・ 5 no time like the present especially 40 [C,U] the amount Oftime that it takes you t0 dO $ 〃 0 ん e 〃 used tO say that now is a good time t0 d0 something: HO m レ c われ襯 e i 〃 i れ 0 2 ) , 0 レ加〃な something: ) 0 リ ' 尾加版〃 g 0 工わレ ) 加 g 0 わ 0 レ s 巳 0 Ⅲ・ essay?ljourney time/travel time The there's 〃 0 time 〃 e 〃尾 se 〃た 26 the time is ripe ( fO 「 ) used tO say that the con- C れ 0 〃〃 el ル″〃 el ん as cut the リ r ″の , 襯 e . om ditions are suitable now for something tO happen: 0 〃 d0 〃 par な as 川乢わ as 3 カ 0 レ T れ 2 time な r ゆ e ア 0r0 peace ″ル me 〃た 41 ta ke time 江 doing something takes time, it 27 when the time comes when something that needs a long periOd 0f time: ん ear 〃加 g 0 れ g ″ age you expect tO happen actually happens, or when な〃 7 easy ー″ takes time. something becomes necessary: l'm s レ she ' 〃 42 A RACE 、 ] the amount Of time tak- 襯 0 ん e the g わ′ chOice れ e 〃 the れ襯 e comes. en by a runner, swimmer etC in a time ⅲ the 0 d な ) 田 r OV 催 400 metres ⑧ PERIOD OF TIME 43 have (the) time tO have enough time t0 d0 28 トⅲ la 月 a periOd Of time during which some- something [ + forl DO ) 0 レわ 0 timefor 0 CQ thing happens or someone does something: ー havetimetodosthldon'thavetimeto 0 レ 三 enjoyed 襯 time as 0 student. (=the periOd when I right れ 0 3 S 〃 2 わレ昭加ーわ 0 行襯 e say was a student) Ⅱ for a long time /for some time etc: The cheering went 0 ″アör 4 ″ e some れ襯色 sorry. 44 make/find time toarrange your plans SO that long time ago/some time ago ス〃なん 0 〃〃 e 〃 ed you have enough time tO dO something: YO リ 0 怩わ g timeago, 加知尾 0 レ e 尾わ or 〃 . は imeof 0 襯 d ーり , 0 れ d make れ me の see 0 doctor. year/day etc: ″ 0 d 〃 r ゆ 0 砒 e 尾砒肱な 45 there is time there is enough time for time 0 工 e ear. [continued on next pagel 29 at the time at a particular moment or period 1000 , 2000 3000 mo 引 frequent words in Spoken and Written EngIish