2075 witness mental and physical effects that this process involves: withdrawal symptoms ( =the painful or unpleasant effects caused by withdrawal) 6 STATEMENT < [UI the act of saying that something you previously said was ⅲ fact untrue: [ + 0 ロ the w ″ん dra 襯可 0 〃 0 〃 ega れ 0 〃 s with ・ drawn / w ロ : n , WIO- ト dro:n/ 0 very shy and quiet, and concerned only about your own thoughts with ・ er お w 0 ト 0 「 / v also wither away [I,T] 江 plants wither they become drier and smaller and start tO die with ・ ered / ・ w od ト ord / 0 1 awitheredplanthas become drier and smaller and is dead or dying 2 a withered person 100ks thin and weak and Old 3 a withered arm or leg has not developed properly and is thin and weak with ・ er ・ ing /Iw1öor10/adjawithering look/remark etc a 100k , remark etc that makes someone feel stu- pid, embarrassed, or lose confidence: She ga him 0 withering glance. —witheringly adv with ・ e「5 / ・ W204 つ「 z / 〃 [plural] the highest part Ofa horse's back, above its shoulders —see picture at HORSE ー with ・ hOld / Ⅷざ ho 国 d , WIO - ド ho d / b' pasttense 0 れ d 〃 0 〃の c の withheld /-Iheld/[Tl 1 t0 refuse tO let someone have something, especially until some- thingelse is done ゴ″ん eld 〃 0 ) , me 加レ〃の , れ ad CO 襯〃 d the or ん 2 withhold facts/evidence/ information tO refuse tO give information: 70 〃 as accused 0 工 i わ 0 加 g v 〃観ⅲ知 rm 観れカ・ om the 国〃 ce. with ・ h0旧・ ing tax 、・ / 〃 [C,UI AmEmoney that is taken out 0f your wages as tax with ・ in / w 可 W1ö・ ln , W1011n/ adv, 〃尾〃 ′ 1 1 a) before a certain period of time has passed: Ray ~ ィー suddenly promising の加わ ac ん″厄〃 the わ 0 ・ . b) during a certain period oftime: 〃 c の・わ as わ〃 わ ro ん e 〃ⅲ three times i 加 0 mo 〃 within the space 0f... Within the space 可 0 year 曲 r 可 the ね〃 ' S biggestfactories 々 0 closeddo 田ル 2 inside a certain area and not beyond it: Ch ″ d 尾″襯レ立 尾 ma ⅲ″れ加 the sc わ 0 祝 grounds during the ル〃 わ 0 ん 3 within 20 metres / 50 kilometres/ 10 miles 0f etc (=less than twenty metres, fifty kilometres etc from a particular place) We 0 尾〃 0 i ⅲー 0 ん〃 om 尾 s 可、 e centre 0 / ム〃わレい apply/enquire within (=used on notices and advertisements especially when someone is trying tO sell some- thing) 召 0 わ ) , ra わわ″ s ′・ sa 厄 E れ 4 ⅵ尾 i 曲ⅲ . 3 inside a society, organization, or 部、 oup Of people: There 加怩 2 〃 0 一 ofchanges ″れ加 the 〃 0 ル ment since / joined.l from within 0 〃 0 ″〃ーの r ör 襯 thesystemfrom i 盟 4 according tO par- ticular limits or rules: We わ 0 0 〃催 0 田わⅲ 0 very れ g わこ budget.l This c 厄リな〃 0 〃 g 催 v 観 出″わⅲ the terms 0 工 the 〃 e ″ me 〃た 5 within sight/earshot etc ifsomething is within sight, ear- shOt etc you can see or hear it 6 with i n reach a) near, so that people can get there without diff- culty: We 〃怩″んⅲ easy r 田曲可 the s わ 0 〃 & b) near enough t0 be picked up or touched when you stretch out your hand: The んの , as わ 0 〃 g ⅲ g 介 om 0 わ 00 ん 0 れ the 田 0 〃 , ノ″ within my 尾 ac ん 7 a play within a play/a university within a universityetca small place, thing etc which exists ins ide a bigger place or thing 0f the same kind 1000 , 2000.3000 most frequent words in Spoken and Written EngIish with-it / ' ・・ / 0 可 0 知ⅵわ〃 fashionable and mod- ern in the way that you dress, think etc —see aISO with it (WII 、 H) with ・ out /wlö'aotllwlö'aut, wrffaot/ ad じ , 尾〃 1 lacking something, especially something that is basicornecessary: Ⅳéわ ad s ″ r ⅲ怩″カ 0 砒〃 g わーの・ カ e 砒加 g for 0 わ 0 襯 0 ″ can't dO without ( =unable tO live or work without something) We ca 〃 7d0 ″れ 0 れ観催 . 厄′マ 00 ん〃 g. 2 notdoing or having something, or not showing a particular feeling, especially when it is considered normal or polite: He カ ad gone 0 レー″わ 0 ″′ his 〃 0 尾〃な ' permission.lwithout doingHow da 尾 0 リ dosuch 0 加 g ″わ 0 ″ー CO リ″ⅲ g me?lwithout SO much as... ( =used tO say that someone does not dO some- thingthattheyshoulddo) Ⅳ″わ 0 レな 0 襯″ c れ 0S0 の・ d 0 ア 0 れん s Bo ル r 〃困 0 〃 d e 〃ーわ ac ん加 the 可万 ce. 3 not being with someone, or not having them tO help you, especially someone you like or need: S 加レ″れの・ d 知 . 厄 ce 叩の e 〃〃 e 可 7 i 0 砒ん〃 . 4 if something happens without something unpleasant happening, it happens ⅲ a way that is pleasant or easy: ー襯 0 〃 aged ね get ro リ g れ the exam Ⅲなわ 0 リーね 0 much 作 0 レわ厄 5 without wanting to/without wishing tO used before a criticism, complaint, or Other statement tO make it less definite: Ⅳん 0 砒 wa 〃れ〃 g SO レ〃 d 0 , ーⅲん the 立 s 〃 〃 rogra 襯襯加 the or . 6 0 use outside with ・ stand /W1ö・ stænd, WIO-/ v 0 立 tense 0 〃 d 0 立 のⅵ c ゆ withstood / 」 st 0d/ [T] 1 t0 be strong enough tO remain unharmed by something such as great heat or cold, great pressure etc: 0 ゆ〃 e 0 / de わレ s れ砒 ca 〃″ extremes 可 temperaturel withstand the test Of time (=still be important, effective etc after a long time) theories ーわ 0 ーれ 0 怩 ″わ s 加 Od 2 可・ time 2 tO defend yourself against attack, and successfully OPPOSe someone or something: withstanding 0 heroic doomed 0 ″ ac んの , six 0 〃 d d れ , なれ s wit•less /'wltlosl 0 可 1 not very intelligent or sen- sible; silly: 1 catch the ″厄 ss 0 わ s 力 0 did な 2 scare sb witless t0 make someone very frightened —witlessly adv —witlessness れ [UI wit ・れ e551 /'wltnås/ 〃 1 [C] someone wh0 sees a crime or an accident and can describe what hap- pened: POIice れ 0 0 〃 d 工・ w ″〃 s come 知 r 田 ar 2 [C] someone ⅲ a court Of law whO tells what they saw or what they know about a crime: 0 〃を witness claimed わ 0 怩 s 〃 the g レル 3 bear wit- ness アörma ハ 0 shOW or prove that something is true or that something happened ⅲ the past: The s 0 れ d 作 0 〃わ ear. witness 加肭 2 city's former g 尾 0 お s. 4 [C] someone whO is present when an offcialpaperissignedandwhosigns ittoprovethis: witness tO 0 witness 0 i ″ 5 be witness tO. r - mal tO be present when something happens, and watch it happening: We 田 e 尾 witness ね the or 立 c ses em ⅲり ,. 6 [C,UlAmEapubIicstate- ment Of strong Christian belief, or someone whO makes such a statement witness2 v 1 [T] to see something happen, especially a crime or accident, because you are pre- sent when it happens: POIice 0 尾 0 〃〃 ea 〃〃 g 0 れ driver れ 0 may れ 0 witnessed 2 acc 滬 e れれ 2 [TI a) to experience important events or SI WI S2 W3

autocrat 116 au ・ tO ・ crat 卩 : い k 曜 D : - / ″ [C] 1 someone wh0 makes decisions and gives orders tO people without asking them for their opinion 2 someone whO has unlimited power tO govern a country —autocratic ん 0 : い・ kr 記い k イ . D : - / 0 可 : his 0 砒 ocra れ c CO 〃作 OI 0 工 the WhiteHousestaff—autocraticaIIy /-kli/adv au ・ tO ・ ( 「 055 / ・ 0 : い ( ) kro 引・ D : to ( ) kro : s / ″ [U] BrEa sport ⅲ which cars race around a grass field au ・ tO ・ cue /Io:tookju:llIo:t0U-/ 〃 [CI a machine that shows the words that someone must say while they are being filmed for a television programme au ・ tO ・ graphl /io:togra:fll'o:togræf/ 〃 [C] a famous person ' s signature that they give tO someone wh0 admires them: Ca 〃ーん 0 ) , 0 ・ 0 ″ grg 〃ん ? a utog raph 2 v [T い f a famous person autographs a b00k, ph0tO etc, they sign it auto-im ・ mune diS ・・ as ・〃 [U] a condition in which substances that normally prevent illness ⅲ the body, attack and harm parts Of it instead au ・ tO ・ mak ・ e「朝:t0U・mCⅸ0『D:t0切mCⅸ0「/〃9]A襯E a company that makes cars: US 0 ″の ma ん er & au ・ tO ・ mat/'o:tamætll'o:-/n [CI trademarkAmEares- taurant where you put money ⅲ machines tO get food au ・ tO ・ mate /'o:tameltll'o:-/ v は ] to change to a sys- tem where jObs are done or goods are produced by machines instead Of people au ・ tO ・ ma ・ ted / ' 0 : い me d 『 D : - / 0 可 using machines t0 d0 aj0b or industrial process: 0 g わゆ 0 ″の ma d sæ au ・ tO ・ mat ・ icl /,o:töimætlk<ll,o:-/ 0 可 1 an auto- matic machine, car etc is designed tO be operated ⅲ a simple way using only a few controls : 0 〃 0 レね襯 0 c r 2 第〃 0 盟 om 厩 ic 鹿襯 es ″ c 2 somethingthat is automatic always happens as a result Of something you have done, especially because of a rule or law: ん″ r ⅲ g 尾 s レ″ s in 0 〃 0 ″加襯 0 れ c 五〃 e 0 / 500. 3 done without thinking, especially because you have done the same thing many times before: れ seemsd カ c リ″加尾襯 e 襯わ er 砒万 r , わ″ [ 可 ra ″ わ eco 襯 0 砒 0m0 れ c. automatic2n ℃ ] 1 a weapon thatcan firebullets cont inuously 2 a car with a system ofgears (GEARI ( 1 ) ) that operate themseWes without the driver need- ing t0 change them S3 au ・ tO ・ mat ・ i ・ cally /. 0 : い ' m 記 t ⅸ li / adv 1 without W3 thinking about what you are doing: " 0 工 co ″ rs 巳”ー replied 0 盟 0 襯 0 れ ca 〃 2 as the result of a situ- ation:Asa s ル de れ一 0 レ 0 尾 0 ″ ma ca 〃 e 〃れ〃éd 0 gra ″た 3 by the action Of a machine, without a per- sonmakingit work: わ e 00rS0 〃 e れ 2d0 砒 0 襯砒 ica 〃 as we 0 〃〃 roac わ ed. automatic pi•lOt / 〃 [C] a machine thatflies a plane by itselfwithout the need for a pilot automatictrans ・ miS ・ 5i0れ ん / 〃 [U] a system that operates the gears (GEARI ( 1 ) ) of a car without the driver needing to change them au ・ tO ・ ma ・ tion /,o:ta ・ me1Jonll,o:-/ 〃 [ Ⅵ the use of machines instead of people to do a job or industrial process au ・ tom ・ a ・ ton / 0 : ・ tnmo い可 D : ・ ta : - / 〃 [CI. 1 someone who seems to be unable to feel emotions 2 a machine, especially one in the shape Of a human, that moves without anyone controlling it au ・ tO ・ mo ・ bile /'o:tomabi:lll-'o:tamoo-/ 〃 [CI AmE a car: the 0 0m0 わ〃 e ⅲ d レ立 au ・ ton ・ 0 ・ mous / 0 : ・ tonamas 恒 : イ 0 : - / 0 1 having the power tO govern a region, country etc without being controlled by anyone else: 0 〃 0 レの 0m0 s 2 formal having the ability tO work and make decisions by yourself without any help from anyone else —autonomously adv au ・ ton ・ 0 ・ my /o:'tonomillo:'ta:-/ 〃 [U] 1 freedom to govern a region, country etc without being con- trolled by anyone else: 0 〃 0 れれ ca ~ 斗 em 0 ー 0 〃 0 s 0 加 g わ degree c 観 0 砒 0 〃 2 the ability to make your own decisions without being influenced by anyone else: the 0 0 〃 om. 0 工 the ⅲ市ⅲ d レ 0 ~ au ・ tO ・ pi•lOt / ・ 0 : t 測 . p 田 lo 曜 D : to ( ト / 〃 [C] AUTOMATIC PILOT au ・ top ・ sy /":t 叩 sill'o:ta:p-/ 〃 [C] es. 朝観ゆ襯 E an examination 0f a dead body to discover the cause of death; POSTMORTEM BrE au ・ tO ・ 5u9 ・ 9e5 ・ tion /・0:t0US0 ・ d3estJonll,n:toosog- 3e - , d3e-/ 〃 [U] c れ〃 al the process Of making someone believe or feel something, without them re- alizing that you are doing this au ・ tumn / い m 『 D : - / also fall AmE 〃 [C,Ulthe sea- W3 son between summer and winter, When leaves change colour and the weather becomes slightly colder: 0 レル m 〃 m なな au ・ tum ・ nal /0: ・ tAmnolllo:-/ 0 可 connected with or typical Of autumn: 0 リル襯観 colours aux the written abbreviation Of AUXILIARY, especlally Of AUXILIARY VERB aux ・ il•ia ・「Y1 /o:glziljori, 0 : k - 扣 : 9 ツⅱ jori , -IZ11ari/ adj 1 auxiliary workers provide additional help for an- Other group Of workers, especially nurses or SOI- diers: 0 〃 0 レズ〃れレ rse 第レ x 〃液り , s 阨ガ 2 an auxiliary motor, piece Of equipment etc is kept ready tO be used ifthe main one stops working prop- erly: 0 〃 0 レエ〃〃 0 ers ″〃〃な , auxiliary2 〃 [C] 1 a worker whO provides additional help for another group Of workers, especially nurses or soldiers: 0 〃レ r 〃 g 0 レ X 〃液り ' 2 an auxiliary verb: 0 襯 0 0 ー 0 レズ〃液り , auxiliary verb / ・ド ツ〃 [C] averb that is used with another verb tO shOW its tense, person (PERSON ( 6 ) ) , mood (MOOD ( 6 ) ) etc. ln English the auxiliary verbs are'be', 'do',and 'have'()s in 、 lamrunning', 'ldidn't go' , 'they have gone' ) and all the MODALS an abbreviation Of AUDIO VISUAL a ・ vaill /olverl/n betO noavail/be Of no avail ifsome- thing you dO is tO no avail or Of no avail, you dO not succéed ⅲ getting what you want: We searched 2 わ 0 0 尾 0 わ砒 0 〃ねれ 0 砒Ⅵ〃 . ・ Ro わわわ ad 市 sg 〃〃 d. avai12 vavail yourselfofformalto acceptan offeror use an opportunity tO d0 something: He 砒〃 e him- se 既可な r 加〃 ege. a ・ vai•la ・ ble / 0 ・ ve ⅱ ob / 0 可 1 something that is SI available is able t0 be used or can easily be bought or WI found: Ⅳ 0 出 0 ″ 0 わⅲ〃 0 〃催わ ac ん We've 観 0 の , 叩 0 〃 eava 〃 0 わ s. 〃 ace. は + fO ⅵ T わ e レ〃加催ゆ is ー加 g の make mo 尾 accom 襯 od 砒〃砒Ⅵ〃 0 わ / ör s ル de 〃な . は + tO] 0 〃ⅲ c 尾 0 ⅲ the 〃レ襯わの・ 0 工わ s 0U0 ″ 0 わ厄ね出 ome 可 readily/freely available (=very easy to obtain by anyone) Drugs 〃 crack

free [continued from previous pagel 724 6 free a nd easy relaxed, friendly, and without many rules: 0 第℃ e 0 ″ d 斗 discussion 7 a free spirit someone who lives as they want to rather than ⅲ the way that society considers normal 8 free agent someone wh0 can dO what they want tO, and whO is not controlled by anyone else: YO レ ' i•ea. 庁 age 〃ーー 0 レ dO 〃 70 2 them 0 〃ん加 g. ② COSTING NOTHING 9 costing noth ing: We were g れ沼″ afree ル〃 c わ w ″ん んな可出加 23 The SO. 尹 r 加 0 尾立 ee , わレ怩 の , 知 r the 加催Ⅱ a free gift (=something you are given by a shop or company) 10 a free ride something that you do not have to pay for, because someone else is paying for it: Government employees の℃ getting 0. 庁 ride 0 〃 ズ〃 0 催 s ' 襯 0 れの ,. ③ NOT A PRISONER 11 not a prisoner: The rg 〃な′ co レ工ⅲ as 〃な as 尾 e ) , e の・ & lset sb free (=give someone their freedom) 4 グ 0 〃 de 厄田 as 〃 0 〃 ) , set 介ⅲ ノ 993. 国 free man ()a man whO was a prisoner) ④ NOT BUSY 12 江 you are free, or have some free time, you have no work, and nothing else that you must do: A 尾 ) , 0 レ〃 e weekend?lafree day/morning/ half-hour etc ) , 0 レわ 0 0 女可 r 〃 00 〃 , go 0 〃 d see 肱な mo e.l free time 1d0 れ 7 わ 0 0 レ g れ / e れ襯 e during the ん ⑤ NOT BEING USED 13 something that you want to use is free ifno one free ~ v[T] 1 to allow someone to leave prison or somewhere they have been kept by force; RELEASE 1 ( 1 ) : んⅲ c れ介 e the s 厄 s. ゆ催覊 0 市れ g the な or - ななのカ・ ee the hostages 2 to move or loosen some- thing or someone that is fixed or trapped:After 尾 e わ ours 〃カ尾襯 e 〃 freed わ催カ・ 0 襯 2 尾 c age. 3 also free up to make something available so that it can be used: T わな wo レカ・尾S0Ⅲ℃ es 0 こ 0 尾 わ ad ゆ needed. 4 to help someone by removing someth ing unpleasant: [ + froml T 力の , aim 工尾 e the CO レ〃ー 0 , カ・ om its e 〃 or 襯 0 レ s de わな . 5 to make some- one no longer be restricted by unfair rules, a cruel government etc: [ + 作 om ] 襯 0 尾んⅲ g ね - the cg ″観なカ℃ m the rebels 6 to help someone to do something, by removing restrictions or making them responsible for fewer things: free sb to do sth freeing ac わ・ s co 〃 ce 〃な 0 0 れ盟 0 た″ね r s レわけ引 free sth Ⅳ″ⅲ g 工尾お the g ⅲ 0 れ 0 れ . free3adv 1 withoutpayment: T sc の・ da 〃 0 s ) , 0 ″ 作 at ) el 介 r 0 mo 加ん Or free T わの me わ 0 曲 e c ″ r 女作 ee ofcharge 物″襯 0 〃 0 承 わ催 e 介可曲 arge 可花 r . 襯 . 2 notfixedorheld in a particular place or position: T れ 2 window カ ad sw レな g - 庁ⅲ肱 2 加 d 当 pul レ struggle free (=move tO get away from somewhere) んé〃 gra わわ 2 わ aro ″〃 d the ⅲ立 , わ砒 she managed s 作レ gg カ・ . else is using it: There's 0 as れⅲ g 襯 ac わ加 e カ℃ e , わレい , 0 ″襯 0 ア〃 0 こ 0 ″知 r 0 dryer. ⑥ WITHOUT/NOT HAVE 14 tax-free/d uty-free etc w ithout tax etc: ざリゆ - . ″℃ e Wine 15 lead-free/sa lt-free etc not containing lead, salt etc: ad - 介〃 e 作 16 free from/of sth without something that you d0 not want tO have:free 0 工 0 わ〃 ga れ 0 〃 s / e カ・ om disease 17 free of sth/sb away from something or some- one you are glad tO be without: l'm 第℃ 2 0 工 0 ー place 砒 . ⑦ NOT FIXED/ABLE TO MOVE 18 an action or movement that is free is graceful and not restricted: 0 カ・ swing 0 工 e ar 襯 19 100Se and not fixed to anyth ing: T 加介 end 可 e ア ag わ as 加 2 〃のの , the ⅲ d. 20 free hand/arm/leg etc the arm, leg etc that you are not already us ing: With わ催カ℃ e ん 0 〃 she clung 市 2 ro. 〃 e. 21 c カⅲ ca ~ not combined with any other simple chemical substance; pure: 第℃ e OX. ge 〃 ⑧ OTHER MEANINGS 22 0 ås ⅲ 0 〃 ed t00 friendly, ⅲ a way that does not ShOW enough respect: Your SO ″ ma ″れ er な ratherfree. 23 be free with to be generous with something: Mr. ん e 砒れな女″ his mo 〃 . ffree ″ん criticism 24 m a ke free with to use something that belongs t0 someone else when you should not: ー 0 〃 det ・ わ e ん〃 OWS 0 れル〃〃な襯 0 ん加 g カ・″わわな襯 0 〃のワ 25 a translation that is free gives a general idea of a piece Of writing rather than exactly translating every word 3 breakfreetoescapefroma placeorasituation:At 立 he's わ ro ん e れ free 0 〃 d ・ d 0 〃 2 田〃加 Ne1C' York. 4 run free if an animal runs free it is allowed tO go where it wants tO, without be ing con- trolled: 0 200 わ e 尾 the 0 ma な ca 〃 r レ〃カ・ 5 wa ⅸ free ifa criminal walks free, they are not put ⅲ prison 6 ド tell you that fO 「 free 〃 0 ″ used tO emphasize what you are saying, in an angry way: l'm 〃 go 加 g の 0 ガ・ん e ゆ ) , 0 レ 0 レー 0g0 ⅲ , I' 〃〃 ) , 0 ″ ーわ 0 / ′℃ 2. ′—compare FR EELY —see alSO SCOT-FREE -free /fri:/ s レズーⅲ adjectives and adverbs] without something that you け 0 not want: 0 sa ″ : 庁市可第 作 0 ″わ厄 e レ r 〃ー We わ 0 レ g ー the cig の℃″お d ″ゆ - 介 T わ印 , 〃怩加 2 house 尾第・ . free as ・ SO ・ ( i ・ a ・ tiO れ ・ / 〃 [ Ⅵわ c 観 a method offinding out about someone's mindby ask- ing them tO say the first word they think ofwhen you say a part icular word free ・ bie , freebee /'fri:bi:/ 〃 [C] ル r 襯観 something that you are given free, usually something small and not expensive free ・ bOOt ・ er / 哘・ i : bu : いト 0 「 / 〃 [Clsomeone whojoins ⅲ a war ⅲ order tO steal other people's goods and money —freeboot v 川 free ・ born /. fri : 物 0 : n 可っ : 「 n 可 0 の not born as a slave free ( 0 ト厄 c•t ⅳ e bar ・ gain ・ iれ9

square-rigged 1762 square-rigged /. イ 0 の a ship that is square- rigged has its sails set across it and not along its length square 「 00t ツ〃 [CI the square root 0fa number is the number which , when multiplied by itself, equals that number: T れ 2S4 レ℃ ro 0 工〃ⅲ e な曲尾 e. sq ua 「・ ish / ・ skweor1Jll'sk wer-/ 0 可 shaped almost I ike a square squashl ト kw 可ト kw 。 : 」、 , skwn:J ・ / v 1 [ to press something into a flat shape, often breaking or dam- aging it ゴ 0 〃 7 0 〃ー ) hatgettingsquashed ⅲ ) , 0 Ⅲ・ わ ag 〃の , / YO sq リわ加 gme! 2 [lalways + adv/ prep, T always + adv/preplto push yourself or some- thing else intO a space that is t00 small : [ + intol & 怩〃可 sq レ 0 ⅵ加 thecat ・ . 3 はレれ rm 襯 to use your power or authority tO stop something that iS causing trouble; QUAS H squash servlce lne front wall out Of court line racquet 0 a squash court box se 「 VlCe 5h0 「 t line / 第・・ / U い QUAS 日 2 ( 1 ) squatl ト kwot ト kwa:t/ v squatted, squatting は ] ofliquid: sq リ as ) , 0 怩なゆ e ma —squashiness squash ・ y /'skw 可 ill'skwa: 」、 i, 'skwn:fi/adj soft and full squash rack ・ ets の ma のお made flat by being pressed hard: 0 わ ag 可 sq レ〃記 squashed トkW以はト kwu:ft, skwn: 」・ t/ 0 の broken or 4 [U] BrE a drink made from fruit juice, sugar, and as PUMPKINS and ZUCCHINI—See picture on page 630 large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such sq リ as わ w ″わ six わ加 car. 3 [C,U] one Ofa group Of space for everyone tO fit comfortably in: Sorry 〃 's 0 sq u a sh 〃 0 〃 used t0 say that there is not enough against the four walls Of a square court 2 it ・ 5 a use rackets (RACKET 3 ) ) to hit a small rubber ball squash2 れ 1 [UI a game played by two people who 1 記 SO squat down tO sit with your knees bent under you, your bottom 0 仕 the ground, and bal- ancing on your feet: い on/behind/in etcl P の・ SO 〃 s sq リ 0 ″ ed dO 〃 beside 2. ル 0 ゆ r ⅲなの get 0 わ e ″夜・ 0 ん . —see picture at CROUCH 2 to live in a build- ing or on a p iece Of land without permission and without paying rent: There are eQ 〃 sq レ 0 ″加 g ⅲ 2 わ 0 レ〃 2 door. squat20 unattractively short and thick or 10W and wide: sq ″ 0 ー stone cottages 0 d ⅲ s 厄 sq uat3 な 1 [CI a squatting pos ition 2 [singularl BrE a house that people are living in w ithout per- mission and without paying rent: She / 加 es ⅲ 0 draughty squatin Ca 襯 d . squat ・ ter /'skwoto'l'skwa:ter/ 〃 [CI someone who lives ⅲ an empty building or on a piece of land with- out perm ission and without paying rent: crudely わⅵ″ squatters'shacks squaw /skwo: ト kwo:/n[Cl 01d usea word fora Native American woman, which many people think is offensive squawk /skwo:k ト kwo:k/ v 田 1 ifa bird squawks, itmakes aloud sharp angrysound: Be わⅲ d わ催 0 〃 - cock sq リ 0 tv ん . 2 加知 rm 襯 t0 complain loudly and angrily —squawk れ ] squeakl /skwi:k/ v 田 1 t0 make a very short high noise or cry that is not loud: 7C0 〃 heat ・襯 e sq リ 20 ん ing 加に walls. 第 sq レんⅲ g hinge 2 [always + adv/preplinformalto succeed, win, orpass a test by a very small amount SO that you only just avoid fail- ure: い through/by] S 〃 20 〃なリレ s 4 レ田ん記 ro レ g 〃 her maths s た squeak2 〃 [C] a very short high noise or cry: 0 sq リ ea ん可・観の・襯 squeak ・ y/iskwi:ki/adj 1 makingvery highnoises that are not loud: 0 sq ″ 20 ん ) , voicela sq レ 20 ん door 2 sq uea ky clean ル r 襯 0 ー a) never having done anything morally wrong: YO ″ ' 尾〃 2 ズ 0 けな , sq ″ ea ん clean ・ . b) completely clean: sq リ ea ん ) , clean hair—squeakily adv —squeakiness 〃 [UI squeall /skwi:l/ v 川 1 tO make a long loud high sound or cry: squealing ⅲ℃ s は + with/inl The c 〃〃 - d 尾〃 sq 〃 ea 厄こⅲ delight. 2 squeal()n (b) ル r - ma ハ 0 tell the police or someone in authority about someone you know WhO has done something wrong squea12 〃℃ー a long loud high sound or cry: [ + 0 ロ Sq リな可〃 g ca 〃肥介 om 〃 c わ〃 d 尾〃 . 第 sq ″ / 可 わ ra squeam ・ ish /'skwi:mlf/adj easily shocked, upset or easilymade tO feel sick by unpleasant sights: / CO ″ never わ e 0 nurse ー l'm ー 00 sq レ eam なわ . —squeam- ishly 0 市 ) —squeamishness 〃 [U] squee ・ gee /iskwi:d3i. /〃 [C] a t001 witha thin rubber blade and a short handle, used for removing or spreading a liquid on a surface squeezel ト kwi:z/ し 1 [TI t0 press something firmly inwards: Alice レ zed わな ar 襯 4 〃 - 行 0 〃 0 . いれおい , 0 リ sq レ ze 肱 e の 0 曲〃 as ルわ e ⅲ〃 m 滬襯に—see picture on page 1457 2 [ T い 0 get liq- uid from something by pressing it: squeeze sth out 7 ' 0 , の sq レ ze 0 われ mo 尾 0 ″ー 0 〃ー″わ 23 squeeze sth on/onto sth Squeezea わ″ O- ロ 2 ″ IO 〃 0 〃の 2 s ん—see picture on page 970 3 は always +

plain 1366 W3 unattractive, Often used because you want tO avoid saying this directly: れ作 s C00 ん SO ″ wasa ra 〃厄ⅲ 8 PAPE R 、 plain paper does not have lines on it 9 (just) plain M 「 / M 「 5 etc used t0 say that someone does not have a title, rank, or special name: Ⅳ 0 , it's 〃 Doc 加 r , ノレ立〃厄加れれ催 . 10 in plain EngIish simply or clearly expressed, especially without using technical language: The CO 襯〃催 s 襯な explained 加〃ⅲ English. 11 in plain clothes police officers in plain clothes are not wearing uniform 12 be plain sailing to be very easy tO dO or achieve —plainness ″ [U] p 恰 i れ 2 〃 1 also plains [C] a large area 0f flat dry land: 7 物 e grassy 〃厄ⅲ g 砒 way の 0 れ〃ⅵ怩 s 0 襯 3 the し 0 〃厄ⅲ s 可 ce 〃作 0 / C わⅲ 0 2 [U] the ordinary stitch ⅲ knitting (KNIT ( 2 ) ) plain3 0 市 , plain stupid/wrong/rude etc informal simply or completely stupid etc: れ ' S ノリⅲげ 04 , の〃 e 〃 0 〃 ) 0 Ⅲ・〃 0 as S00 ″ as ) , 0 ″ getit. plain ・ chant /'plemtfa:ntll-tfænt/ 〃 [UI PLAINSONG plain ( h0 ( ・ 0 恰 te ん ・・・ / 〃 [U] BrE chocolate made without m ilk and with very little sugar; DA RK CHOCOLATEAmE plain-clothes な可 0 可 plain-clothes police are po- lice wh0 wear ordinary clothes SO that they can work without being recognized: 〃 in-clothes detectives plain 升 ou 「ん ・ / 〃 [U] BrE flour that contains no BAKING POWDER : sift 6 OZ 〃厄 ~ 〃ノ IO レ r —compare SELF- RAISING FLOUR plain•ly / ・ plernli/ adv 1 ⅲ a way that is easy to hear, see etc: Ⅳéco リ hear Tom's VOice 〃厄加 0 怩 r 市 2 〃 0 な 2 研 / んビ crowd.l The 襯 0 ″〃ⅲ S wereplainly ⅳⅵわア >0 襯 0 レロむⅲ do 2 speakinghonestly,and without trying tO hide the truth: She him 盟厄ⅲ 0 [ s れビわ ad 〃 0 加〃れ 0 〃 of 襯 ar ⅲ g him. 3 if something is plainly true, necessary, correct etc it is easy tO see that it iS true etc; OBVIOUSLY lsentence adverb]: P 厄加ゆ 0 〃ⅲ s れ ga れ 0 ″ⅲ the な age の , WO ″ be 〃 ecessa . 4 simply or without decor- ation: 0 ⅲゆ dressedyounggirl plain sail•ing ・・・ / ′ I[U ] be plain sailingtobeeasy and not cause any trouble plain ・ song /lplelnsno ト so:o/n [U] a type ofold Chris- tian church mus ic in which a group of people sing a s imple tune together, w ithout musical instruments plain ・ 5P0 ・ ken ん p に rn 、 po ( ) kon 可」 spo ( ) - / 0 可 saying exactly what you think, especially ⅲ a way that peo- ple think is honest rather than rude plain ・ ti升節にmt川〃 [C] someonewhobringsalegal action against someone in a court Of law ; COM- PLAINANT plain ・ tive /'plerntlv/ 0 山 a plaintive sound is high, like someone crying, and sounds sad: the 〃厄ⅲれ cry 0 ア e s g リ〃—plaintively adv plaitl /plætllplelt/ v 1 BrE to twist 3 long pieces of hair, rope etc over and under each other to make one long piece; BRAID2 襯 E : 0 〃″ん 0 催加″加 〃″ ed わカ 0 わ・んレな d な ,. —see picture at HAIRSTYLE plait2 〃 [CI BrE a length of something, especially hair, made by plaiting; BRAIDl(2) 襯 E : 〃 WO 尾 わ催わ 0 わっれ〃″ s. planl /plæn/n [C] SI 1 INTENTION く something you have decided W t0 d0 or achieve: 〃な〃″な get 0 degree ⅲ eco- nomics 0 〃 d e 〃田 or ん 0 わ road ル r 0 ) ℃の・ . lsb's best plan BrE(=the best course ofaction) Yo Ⅲ・わ e 立〃〃 0 d ca ん 0 ズ ~ ー it's much ね 0 - r の wa Ⅱ change your plans/a change ofplan 7 カ e 尾 ' S われ 0 change 0 ア〃〃一 we ' 尾 going 0 〃 Mo 〃 da ) , 加立 20 Ⅱ haveplans(for)(=intendtodo something) Ⅳé面″ 7 わ 0 〃〃 s 知 r 2 w ん 2 〃 d ー / do がい , 0 ″ come over?lmake plans (for) (=prepare for something that you intend to (o) 襯液 's わ〃わレ $ ) , 襯 0 ん加 g 〃厄″ s 知 r わ催 wedding. 2 METHOD/ARRANGEMENT < a setofactions for achieving something ⅲ the future, espec ially one that has been considered carefully and in detail: the government's 五怩ッ ear eco 〃 0 襯〃可 plan for NASA 0 〃〃 0 レ〃 ced 〃〃 s 工の・ 0 〃 ew space s れ 0 〃の be ″〃 c れ ed ⅲ 7998. ゆね n t0 0 sth 〃 0 ) , 0 リわ e の・ d 0 わ 0 レれ e 〃〃のわ〃〃 da ″ ewsc れ ce 〃の・ん keepto/ stick tO a plan e ん ee. 〃の e 〃厄〃 the wot 大 0 d CO 襯盟 d ⅲ搬 , 0 weeks.l work out/draw up/ devise a plan T 〃の , d 催 , な e 0 ″の reducecosts.la plan falls through (=it becomes impossible because something unexpected happens)l go according tO plan ( =happen ⅲ the way that was expectedorarranged)l_feverythinggoesaccordingto 〃 e カ r stage 〃わ eco 襯〃 d の , December. 3 MAP く a drawing similar to a map, showing roads , towns, and buildings: 0 s 作 e やれ 0 / ん 0 ″ do れ 4 DRAWING a) c んⅲ ca / a drawing of a building, room, or machine as it would be seen from above, showing the shape, measurements, position Of the walls etc —compare ELEVATION ( 4 ) , SECTIONI ( 6 ) —see also GROUND PLAN ( 1 ) b) a drawing that shows exactly how something will be arranged: ー わ 0 怩の・ ga れな e sea れれ g 〃〃アör the dinner. 5 plan Of action/campaign a series ofactions that you plan tO carry out in order tO achieve a particular thing: Ge い , 0 Ⅲ・ 0 襯 0 川″″ da わ滬 ag 尾 ea 〃厄″ Ofac 行 0 〃 reach な season 'S targets. 6 Pla n A your first plan, which you will use if things happen as you expect 7 Pla n B your second plan , wh ich you can use if things d0 not happen as you expect plan2 v planned, planning 1 [I,T] to think care- fully about something you want t0 d0 ⅲ the future, and decide exactly how you will d0 it: We've わ〃 〃〃〃ⅲ g な visit for 襯 0 〃 s ー ) , 0 ″ ca 〃 7 cancel 〃 0 田 The ん 0 厄 0 〃 era れ 0 〃 2 〃′ e 工 0 け as 盟厄〃〃 ed Ⅱ [ + on] Ⅳわ ad 〃 7 〃〃〃 edO ″ av gso manyguests— e ' 〃〃側催〃 0 例 0 昭れ - ル 0d for e 襯襯 plan ahead (=make plans for a long time ⅲ the future) Ⅳ 0 0 ー you're 〃 reg 〃 0 ″れ ) 0 レ ' 〃わ 0 〃厄〃 0 わ d. 2 [ T い 0 intend t0 d0 something, especially when you have definite plans for how you will d0 it: plan tO 0 sth ノös 池〃厄〃〃 ed の WO 承″〃ー〃 she わ ad saved 0 ″ g 〃″ zo ″の , go 襯〃・ s 加 g sc れ 00 /. 3 [T] tO think about something you are going to make, and decide what it will belike; DESIGN2: P 厄〃〃加 gas 襯 0 〃 garden な可〃頃 c レ″ . plan sth ・→ out 〃加・じ [ T い 0 plan something care- fully, considering all the possible problems: I'II get the 襯 0 〃 s SO we ca ″〃厄〃 0 ー 0 Ⅲ・ ro レ SI

cast 厄 274 ( as ・ t 厄お ku: s 列ド kæ-/ 〃℃ ] 1 a very large strong building, built ⅲ the past as a safe place that could be easily defended against attack: Ⅳ田マ朝 c ん Castle 2 one Of the pieces used in a game OfCHESS; ROOKI ( 2 ) 3 ( ast 厄 5 in the air plans or hopes that you have that are unlikely ever tO become real; DAYDREAMS ( ast -0 升 / ' ・・ / 0 の [only before nounl cast 0 仕 clothes or Other goods that are not wanted or have been thrown away ( ast -0 升 5 尸・・ / れ [CI clothes that you d0 not wear any moreandgivetosomeoneeIse:Astheyoungestoffive kids 7 was 観 0 ) , s dressed 加 0 催盟 eo_ ' S cas な 0 ガ S ( ast ・ 0 「 / 家 0 : st 可・ k 出 s い r / 〃 [CI another spelling Of CASTER castor 0 ⅱ イ〃 [U] a thick 0 ⅱ made from the seeds Of a plant and used ⅲ the past as a medicine tO make the BOWELS empty ( astO 「 5u9 ・ a 「 ・・ / ″ [UI another spelling Of CAST- ER SUGAR cas ・ trate /kælstreltll ・ kæstrelt/v [T] toremovethe sex- ual organs Of a male animal or a man —castration /kæ'strellon/ ⅵ切 ( as ・ u ・ a り ' k 記 3u 引 / 0 1 NOT CARING not caring or seeming not to care about something: 〃な cas レ 0 ~ manner 0 ″〃の , ed me.lKarla ケ so ″れ d cas レ 0 / , 加れ〃 excitement was 0 わ V リ S. 2 ( LOTH E 5 casual clothes are comfortable clothes that you wear ⅲ informal situations: casua / shoes 3 casual worker/employment/labour etc a worker, employment etc that a company uses or offersonlyforashortperiodoftime: T わの , ' 襯 0 んⅲ g d0 〃わ cas リ襯 s ね 4 WITHOUT ATT ・ ENTION without any clear aim or serious interest: 0 cas レ 0 / g 厄〃 cea ー the Timesl casual observer ( = someone not looking very care- fully)Even の e 襯 0 cas ″ 0 / 0 わ serv の・″ waso わⅳ 0 レ s She was S ん 5 NOT PLAN N E D < happening by chance without being planned: 0 cas ″ 0 ー襯れ〃 g lcasual remark ( =something you say for no particular rea- 6 casua lsex sex that you have without intending to have a serious relationsh ip with the other person 7 casual ⅵ SitO 「 / use 「 etc someone WhO does not oftenvisitaplace, use somethingetc: acas ″ 0 ~ レ s 夜・ of thelibraryservice—casuallyadv: 0 cas ″襯ゆ d 尾 s d , 0 レ〃 g ″〃—casualness 〃 [U] cas ・ u ・ al•ty/'kæ3uolti/n 1 [C] someone who ishurt or killed in an accident orbattle: F 炉〃 or な可 e 0 わ・げ as わ〃可・ mo ″ 50 cas ″ 0 lties.l heavy cas- ualties ()a lot of people hurt or killed) 2 be a cas ua lty Of someone or something that suffers as a result Of a particular event or situation: The Safer 0 ゆ Project became 0 major cas レ襯な , of れ 0 〃 c 液 / c 砒わ ac ん s. 3 Casua lty [UI BrE the part ofa hospital that people are taken to when they are hurt ⅲ an accident or suddenly become ill; EMERGENCY ROOM 襯 E : S 〃わの・ん s g わなⅲ cas リゆ . cas ・ u ・ ist は記 3u い t/ 〃 [C] formal someone who is skilled in casuistry ( as ・ u ・ is ・ t は記 5 s ⅲ / 〃 [U]formaltheuse ofclever but Often false arguments tO answer moral or legal questions ( a ・ 5u5 bel•li /. ko:sos'beli, so 、 bel 田 / 〃 [ C ] ん 0 れれ an event or political action which directly causes a war cat /kæt/ れ [C] 1 ANIMAL a) a small animal with four legs W3 that is often kept as a pet or used for catching mice (MOUSE ( 1 ) ) b) a large animal that is related tO this, such as a lion or tiger 2 let the cat out of the bag to tell a secret, especially without intending tO 3 put/setthe catamong the pigeonstocausetrou- ble by doing or saying something that upsets people, causes arguments etC 4 play cat and mouse with to let someone think they are getting or doing what they want, then pre- vent them from getting or doing it 5 like a cat on hot bricks BrE, like a cat on a hot tin roof ~ 〃 E SO nervous or ious that you cannot keep still or keep your attention on one thing 6 WOMAN 0 : 厄 s ⅲ 0 れ ed an -insulting word for a woman whO you think is unkind or unpleasant —see aISO CATTY, raining cats and dogs ( RAIN2 ( 4 ) ) , no room tO swing a cat (ROOM 2 ) ) cat ・ a ・ clys ・ m /'kætokhzam/ ″ [C] 〃 ra り , a violent and sudden event or change, such as a serious Ⅱ 00d or EARTHQUAKE —cataclysmic ん k kllzm ⅸ / 0 山 cat ・ a ・ combs /ikætoku:mll-koom/ 〃 [C usually plural] an area Of passages and rooms below the ground where dead people are buried cat ・ a ・ falque / ・ k 田い f 田ⅸ / 〃 [CI a decorated raised structure on wh ich the dead b0dy 0f an important person is placed before their funeral Cat ・ a•lan 尸 k 田い læn トル on / 〃 [U] a language spoken in part Of Spain around Barcelona cat ・ a•lep ・ sy 尸 k 出いに psi / ″ [U] a medicalcondition in which you cannot control your movements SO that your b0dy becomes stiff like a dead b0dy or remains in whatever position ⅱ is placed —cataleptic ん k 記 to 阨 pt ⅸ 0 可 cat ・ a計09ue1 also cataIogAmE/'kætalngll-ln:g, -la:g/ W3 〃 [C] 1 a book containing pictures and infor- mation about goods that you can buy: the ・ s c 砒襯 og 2 catalogue Of fa ⅱ u 「 es / disaste 「 5 / e 「「 0 「 5 etc a series Of failures, d isasters etc that happen one after the other and never seem tO stop : 2 厄立 add ″わ〃加ーわ eca g ″ eo_ / •tet ・ ror なー C 襯 es 3 a list Ofall the objects, paintings etc at an EXHIBITION ( 1 ) or sale, Of all the books ⅲ a library etc catalogue2 aISO cataIogAmE v [TI 1 tO put a list Of things intO a particular order and write it ⅲ a catalogue 2 t0 give a list 0f all the events or qual- ities connected With someone or something ( a ・ t 飜・ y ・ 5i5 / ko ・ t 回いい / 〃 [UI the process ofmakinga chemical reaction quicker by adding a catalyst cat ・ a•lyst k 出ルい t / 〃 [C] 1 a substance that makes a chemical reaction happen more quickly w ithout being changed itself 2 something or someone that causes an important change or event t0 happen: [ + for] The 〃 0 〃 ce わ eatings served as ca 他 for 市 2 esca 厄〃 0 〃 0 工 V 〃 ce. —catalytic ん k 出い 'I 山 k イ 0 可 catalytic ( on ・・「 ・・・ / 〃 ] a piece 0f equipment fitted tO the EXHAUSTI ( 1 ) Of a car that reduces the amount Of poisonous gases sent 011t intO the air when the engine is operating

token 1920 does not help you to do something: 4 ″催″Ⅲ c 〃 toing 0 ″ d 女 0 ⅲ g の , れ 0 , 0 0 dec な〃 . tO ・ ke れ 1 / 朝 ( ) ko 可・い ( ) - / 〃 [CI 1 a round piece of metal that you use instead of money ⅲ some mach ines 2 . rma ー something that represents a feeling, fact, event etc: a token ofyour gratitude/ respect/appreciation etc Please acce. わな g as 0 s 襯 0 〃盟 0 工 0 レ r 0 〃〃尾 c 液れ 0 ″ . —see also by the same token (SAMEI ( 8 ) ) 3 book/record/gift tOken BrE a special piece of paper that you can ex- change for a bOOk, record etC in a Shop; G 1 、 CERTIFI- CATE AmE: 0 盟 0 わ 00 んのん token 2 0 の [only before noun] 1 a token action, change etc is only done SO that someone can pretend that they are dealing w ith a problem : The g 砒盟・ル m な市加″ ca ″ get 0m0 ) ″んのん e れ gestures 0 〃 ル炉 0 〃襯を厩 0 / issues. 'token black/woman etc ( = someone whO is included in a group tO make everyone think that it has all types Of people ⅲ it, when this is not really true) 2 done as a first sign that an agreement, prom ise etc will be kept and that more will be done later: A s 襯 0 〃ん e 〃〃 0 ) , 襯 e 厩襯 ん e 印 the 加〃んん 0 〃 tO ・ ken ・ ism / ・い ( ) komzom 『 to ( ) - / 〃 [UI actionsthat are intended tO make people think that an organ ization deals fairly with people or problems when in fact it does not tO ld / い ( 引 d い 0 国 d / the past tense and past participle of TELL tO e ・「 a ・ b 厄 / ・ tD いい b 可ド tu : - / 0 1 a situation that is tolerable is not very good, but you are able to accept it: The 0 〃のプ襯な really 0 s ″〃 , わレー it's / 催 0 わ知 r the time 加加 g. 2 unpleasant or pain- ful and onlyjustable to be accepted: The e 砒加肭な room なわ are ゆの厄 ra わ厄 to ト e ・「 a ・ b ツ /'tnlorablill'ta:-/ adv [ + adj/adv] fairly, but not very much: We e 尾厄 ra わゆわ 0 〃 ) , 知 r the r ear. tO ト e ・「 a れ ( e / ・ t 司 orons ta : - / 〃 1 一切 willingness to allow people to do , say, or believe what they want without criticizing them: い of/towards] の ra 〃 ce towards ″ g minorities 2 [C,U]the degree to wh ich someone can suffer pain, difficulty etc w ith- out being harmed or damaged:[ + of/to] Ma 0 〃 eo. 〃厄 / 怩 0 0 , 〃 m ″ tolerance の co 雇 3 [C,UI c わ ca lthe amount by which the size, weight etc of something can change without causing problems tO ト e ・「 a れ t /'tolarontll'ta:-/ 0 可 allowing people to do, say, or believe what they want without punish ing or criticizing them : ん″ c 版 , 〃Ⅳ〃 0 尾″な were ね ra 〃ー可・ 襯 ) , choice 研襯リⅵ c. tOl•e ・ rate Dlo 「 e 可当 0 : - / v [TI 1 to allow people to dO, say, or bel ieve something without criticizing or punishingthem: Ⅳé豆 m 〃りⅢ″〃 0 れ 0 ra g ″ 0 〃 groups 0 〃 0 Ⅲ・ streets. 2 to be able to accept some- thingunpleasantordifficult,eventhough youdonot like it: 0 workers said の , co 襯 d 〃 7 の ra the わ〃 g わ 0 レ rs. tOl•e ・ ra ・ tion い D は代叮 0 可は。 : - / ″ [U] willingness to allow people to bel ieve what they want without beingpunished: 0 ん″ g s 0 , of 尾〃 g ″ s 加 ra れ 0 〃 t0111 / い ( 川は 0 ( 引 / 〃℃ ] 1 the moneyyouhavetopayto use a particular road, bridge etc 2 [usually singu- larlthe number of people k illed or injured in a par- ticular accident, by a particular illness etc : death toll The death の″カ as ″ 83. 3 take its toll (on) tO havea very bad effect on something or some- one over a long periOd Of time: Years ofsmoking have e 炉〃 0 ″ s ea 〃ん 4 thesoundofalarge bell ringing slowly tO 2 v [I,Tlif a large bell tolls, or you toll it, ⅱ keeps ringing slowly, especially tO shOW that someone has died toll•booth い朝 bu : 0 『 t ( ) ( ) ト / 〃 [CI a place where you pay tO drive on a road, bridge etc toll-bridge / ' ・・ / 〃℃】 a bridge that you pay to drive across tO -free ん・可 adv 襯 E if you telephone a particu- lar number toll-free, you do not have to pay for the call —toll-free 0 の : Ca 〃な〃 ee 〃レ m わ催 for d ⅲな ! toll•gate / 。い ( ) 垣 e ⅱい 0 ( ) ト / 〃 [C]agateacrossaroad, at which you have to pay money before you can drive any further tOll road / ・・・ / 〃 [C] a road that you pay to use tOll ・ way / は oolwe ・ t 0 ( ) ト / 〃 AmE a large long road that you pay to use tom / tom い。 : m C い可襯襯 a TOMCAT tom ・ a ・ hawk /ltnmoho.'kll'tu:moho:k/ 〃 [C] a light AXEI ( 1 ) used by Native Americans tO ・ ma ・ tO / tö ' mu : い可」 me ⅱ ( ) ( ) / 〃〃ル ra / tomatoes [C] S3 a round SOft red fruit eaten raw or cooked as a vegetable —see picture on page 630 tomb /tu:m/ 〃 [C] a grave, especially a large one above ground: the 襯わ可、 e Unknown So / 市・ tom ・ bO ・恰 /tnmlboolollto:mtboo-/ 〃 [U] 召浦 a game ⅲ which you buy a ticket with a number on it in order tO try and win a prize tom ・ boy /itomb0111 ・ tu:m-/n[C] a girl who likes play- ing the same games as boys: / as 丿レ coming 0 ″ー Of my 襯わの , stage. tomb ・ 5t0れe /'tu:mstoonll-stoon/ 〃℃ ] a stone that is put on a grave and shows the dead person's name, dates Of birth and death etc; GRAVESTONE tom ・ cat /'tnmkætll'tu:m-/ 〃 [C] a male cat tome / t 測 m い 00m / 〃 [C] 〃 ra a large heavy book: んツな 0 er - わ 0 リ〃 d m 可、″〃 c ・ⅲ age tom ・ fOOl/ は om 恥 : 国い 0 : m - / 0 very silly: T わ砒 was 0 ″ 0 ⅲ g 0 ! tom ・ f00 ト e ・Ⅳ /tom'fu:lorillta:m-/ 〃 silly behaviour tom ・ my gu れ /'tomi い可 : - / 〃 [CI わ面 rm 襯 a small gun that can fire many bullets very quickly tO ・ mo 「・ rowl な mn 「 0 ド mo : 「 0 ( ) ド : - / ad じ on or SI during the day after today: Ourclass isgoing のん 0 ル W2 dO 〃の襯 0 だ ro 3 week alSO tomorrow weekBrE(=aweekfromtomorrow)James'snewjob starts 0 week 襯 orrow. tomo 汁 OW ~ ″ 1 [U] thedayaftertoday: I' 〃 s ) , 0 レ 0 ーの mo ・ 0 'S 襯行″ g. —see picture at DAY 2 the future, especially the near future: 7 カ e co 襯〃レ rs 0 / tomc»・ row will 加 sma 〃 0 〃 d mo 尾〃 0 こ怩 . 3 dO sth like there's no tomo 「「 OW do something very quickly and carelessly, w ithout worrying about the future: 沢れ 0 ' S spending 襯 0 〃の , 〃ん 2 e 尾″ 0 襯 orro か , tom-tom ・・ / ′ C ] a long narrow drum you play with your hands

unappealing 1974 un ・ ap ・ peal•ing /,M10'pi:110</ 0 可 not pleasant or attractive: 0 〃レれ 0 〃〃 ea 〃″ g わ 0 ツ可 w 砒 e SO レ〃 un ・ ap ・ proach ・ a ・ ble い n P 「 0 ( ) t いド P 「測 - / 0 可 seem ing unfriendly and therefore difficult t0 talk to: 面 0 〃〃 e 記 , lookinggrim 田滬レ〃 0 〃盟 roa 0 わ厄 un ・ ar ・ gu ・ a ・ ble な n で : gjuob 可ト・ 0 : 司 0 山 something that is unarguable is definitely true or correct —unarguably adv un ・ armed / , An ・ 0 : md イ - ・ 0 : 「 md イ ad. ノ not carryingany weapons: unarmed combat ( = fighting without weapons) un ・ a ・ shamed /. ・、「 ermd 可 0 の not feeling embar- rassed or ashamed about something that people might disapprove 0f: the レ〃わ 0 襯 ed ルズⅢ ) , 可 0 盟・ 襯 at カわ 0 —unashamedly ad じ un ・ asked /An ・ a:sktll-'æskt/ 0 , adv 1 ifa question iS unasked, no one askS it, Often beCaUSe they are embarrassed 2 if you dO something unasked, you dO it without anyone asking or inviting you to: J 催 entered unasked, 0 れ d stOOd 曲 e 尾Ⅱ unasked for わ″〃 d 尾 dso. 工〃 0 レ〃 ds ⅲレ〃 as ん ed 知 r dO 〃 0 れ 0 靨 un ・ as ・ sail•able / Ano ・ sellobal</ 0 可知 r 襯襯 not able tO be criticized, attacked, or made weaker: 0 〃 unas- s 厄わ・ g レ襯 e 厩 un ・ as ・ sum ・ i れ 9 /譌n0 ・ sju:m10<, -'su:- - ・ su : - / 0 山 shOW- ing no desire tO be noticed or given special treat- ment; MODEST.• 0 〃″″ ass リ m ~ 〃 g ″ⅱ dd - C SS 工〃ア un ・ at ・ tached ん Ano 出 t 」、 t 可 0 の 1 not involved ina romantic relationship; SINGLEl(4): S リ尾 , he's わ 0 〃 d - some, わ砒 is he リれ 0 ″ ac ed ? 2 not connected or fas- tened tO anything un ・ at ・ tain ・ a ・ ble /,Ano'temoboI</ 0 可 ihlpossible tO achieve: 0 〃レ〃 0 ″ 0 加 0 わ厄 g00 / un ・ at ・ tend ・ ed /,AnoItendåd</ 0 可 left alone without anyone in charge: リれ 0 ″ e 〃 ded luggage lleave sb/sth unattended C 厄〃 s れ 0 襯 d 〃加厄尹レ〃 0 ″ e ″ d 加 theplayground. un ・ at ・ trac ・ tive /,Anoitrækuv</ 0 可 1 not attract- ive, pretty, or pleasant tO 100k at: 0 〃Ⅲな rac れ怩 襯 0 〃 2 not good or desirable: the ″〃 0 な rac 行怩 aspects 可″ 0 れ 0 〃 0 lism —unattractively adv un ・ au ・ thO ・ rized /An'o:Oormzdll-lo:-/ also -ised BrE 0 without official approval or permission: 厄田 s 〃尾怩〃 ~ Ⅲレ or た ed わ 0 CQ 〃 ) , ⅲ g un ・ a ・ vail ・ a ・ ble / い na ・ ve ⅱ ob / 0 の [not before nounl 1 not able t0 be obtained: Funding for 曲 2 〃 e schoolis レ〃砒 ) ⅲ厄わ厄 2 not able or willing t0 meet someone: l'm s の・り , , the r 加 c ゆ 0 / なリれ 0U0 〃 - 0 わ、ル〃 OW. u れ・ a ・ a ⅱ・ i れ 9 ん Ana ・ ve ⅲり可 0 山〃 r00 , not success- ful or effective:unavailing e. ガの・な un ・ a ・ VOid ・ a ・ ble /. ・記 Ob 』 / 0 可 impossible tO prevent: T わ e 尾 0 尾〃 0 . ars 0 こ ar な″〃 0U0 ~ da わ —unavoidably ad し : MO , as Ⅲ VO 0 わ un ・ a ・ ware /,AnaIweoll-'wer/ 0 not noticing or real- izing what is happening: ト 0 ロ 4 れん e seems Ⅲ田 0 尾 of the な 0 リわ he's causing.l unaware that She 尾 ma ⅲ記リ″ 0 尾 0 ー s 〃 2 as わ eing 0 わ ed. —unawareness 〃 [U] un ・ a ・ wares /iAna'weazll- ・ werz/ adv 1 take/catch sb unawares tO happen or tO dO something in a way that someone was not expecting and SO was not pre- paredfor: Ca レ g れれ ma 田の℃ s れん e , れむⅢわの think 可、 0 〃 excuse. 2 formal without noticing: We わ ad walked リ〃 0m0 s OV the わ ord 円・ . un ・ bal•anced /,An'bæIonst/adj 1 someone wh0 is unbalanced seems slightly crazy 2 a report, argu- ment etc that is unbalanced is unfair because it emphasizes one opinion t00 much 3 a relation- ship that is unbalanced is not equal because one per- son has more influence, power etC un ・ bear ・ a ・ ble な n ・ beo 「 ob 可ド be 司 0 可 t00 un- pleasant, painful, or annoying t0 bear; INTOLER- ABLE: Their CO ″ S ー 0 〃ー arg リ″〃な were レ〃わ eara わ . —unbearably 0 の : 0 〃″〃加 ara われ day un ・ beat ・ a ・ ble /An ・ bi:tobal/ 0 の 1 something that is unbeatable is the best Of its kind: ″〃わ ea わ prices 2 a team, player etc that is unbeatable can- not be defeated un ・ be ・ com ・ ing /,Anb11kAm10</ 0 山 d : 危 s 0 〃記 1 clothes that are unbecoming d0 not make you 100k attractive: 0 わんレ se ⅲ 0 ″リ〃わ ecom 加 g green color 2 behaviour that is unbecom ing is shocking or unsuitable: [ + tO] CO 〃 d リけレ〃わ eco 襯ⅲ g 0 teacher un ・ be ・ known /,Anb1'noonll-'noon/ also unbe- knownst [sentence adverbl u n be known tO sb without that person knowing about it: U ″わ e ん〃 OW 〃 him, his わ ad わ〃 trying わ肥加襯 0 〃 un ・ be ・ lief /,Anbå'li:f/n [UlformaIaIack ofbeliefora refusal t0 believe in a religious faith —compare DISBELIEF /lAnbå'li:vob01</ 0 可 1 ex- un ・ be ・ lie•va ・ ble tremely surprising: Dealers e 尾〃 0 ) , ⅲ g レ〃わ色 〃 e じ 0 わ ces. ル r わの・〃 0 ⅲれ″ gs. 2 verydifhcultto believe and therefore probably untrue: Y し 0 〃〃 2 's excuse for わ eing 厄 as 〃 ) , [ 加〃 eva わ厄 —unbelievably adv: 0 〃レ〃わ el va わゆわ ad 襯 OV un ・ be ・ liev•er /,mbå'li:voll-or/ ″℃ ] someone wh0 does not believe ⅲ a particular religion un ・ bend /An ・ bend/ U' 1 [I,T] t0 become straight or make someth ing straight 2 は ] t0 relax and start behaving in a less formal way: She 'd be 0 わー襯 0 〃んわ ifshe'd リ〃加〃 d 0 〃″厄 un ・ bend ・ ing /An ・ bend10/ 0 山 unwilling t0 change your opinions, decis ions etC : 0 stern, リ〃わ e ″ i ″ g 襯 0 〃 un ・ bi ・ ased /An'bmost/ 0 可 able tO make a fair judg- ment, especially because you are not influenced bY your own or Other people's OP inions : Ⅳれわ 0 〃 the 〃リわ〃 ci な s r レ〃 d ⅲ g 肭 ecase , it'sgoingto 加わ・ d un ・ bid ・ den /. An'b1dn/ adv 〃 ra り , without being asked for, expected, or inv ited un ・ blem ・ ished /IAn ・ blemlft/ 0 の not spoiled bY any mistake or bad behaviour: 0 〃″〃わ m なわ ed un ・ bO 「れん物 0 : n 可 -0 : 「 n イ 0 可 not yet born: 0 〃 レ〃わ 0 閉 child un ・ b05 ・ om /,AnIbozom/ v [T] 〃 ra unbosom you 「 se げ tO to tell someone about the things that are worrymg you un ・ bound ・ ed /An ・ baondåd/ 0 ルだ m 襯 extreme or without any limit: レ〃わ 0 レ〃 ded energy un ・ bri ・ dled /An'braldld/ 0 可〃 rat ツ not controlled and t00 extreme or violent : リれか・滬 d ass 〃

725 freesia talks between TRADE UNIONS and employers about pay or working conditions that are not controlled by law S2 free ・ dom /'fri:dam/ れ 1 [C,U]the right to do what W2 you want without being controlled or restricted by anyone: T わビ〃 ro s ⅱ s 0 わ 0 ″ー the 加・ⅲ geme 〃ー 0 / 0 Ⅲ・ democraticfreedoms.lfreedom Of speech/expres- sion/choice etc (=the legal right tO choose, express yourself etc) T ん e Ⅲ・〃 0 〃 s な cl の襯 e の , e 尾加加 g 記 the g 加介 dom 可 e ズ魃・ ess 〃 . 2 [Ulthe state Of being free and allowed to do what you want: ん濯 S 0 怩 0 m レ介 dom thesedays.l freedom to d0 sth Ⅳöm わ 0 怩 gained 2 介 dom 加 decide w わ 2 催 or 〃襯の・り complete freedom The ac ん・ sa 尾 g れ , e 〃 co 襯〃℃ edo 襯ⅲ肱 e 炉 c わ ceo_ 工 ac ん加 g 襯 e Od & 3 [UI the state of being free because you are not ⅲ prison: 0 れ e 0 工 the escaped 盟 r な 0 〃・ s was arrested 0g0 加 after 0 〃な , 48 わ 0 レ rs 0 ア freedom. 4 freedom from the state of not being affected by something that makes you worried, unhappy, afraid etc: T ん 2 〃 e s レ〃〃〃 es 襯 s Ⅲ℃ 襯〃 0? ・のツ freedom カ・ om 立の・ va 行 0 〃 0 〃 d disease.l - 0 襯 . 0 襯の・ 5 freedom of information the availability to everyone of information that a government has about people and organizations 6 freedom of the city an honour ⅲ Britain that gives someone the right tO be a full member ofa city —compare LIBERTY freedom fight ・ er ・・ / 〃 [C] someone who fights in a war against an unfair or dishonest government, army etC —compare GUERRILLA, TERRORIST free ・・ prise ・・ / 〃 [U] the principle and practice Of allowing private bus iness tO operate without much government control —see alSO PR ト VATE ENTERPRISE free-fall / ' ・・ / れ [ 切 1 part ofajump orfall from an aircraft that is made before the PARACHUTEI is opened 2 a very fast and uncontrolled fall ⅲ the value 0f something: ⅲ free-fall The 0 レれ d 立催〃〃 g 出 as 加介 ee ″ . —free-falling 0 の free-fl oat ・ i ng / ■・・イ 0 可 not connected to or influ- enced by anything: カ・ア 00 れ〃 g 0 〃 x ゆ free-for-all 匚 / 〃 [ s ⅲ lar い〃知 r 襯襯 a noisy quarrel or fight that a IOt Of people join: Once 0 Ⅲ eo. 〃加 e れ加行 c 記 s 観加 g the 〃〃〃 es , e 尾 as 0 介 : ル r -0 ″ . free ・ hand /'fri:hænd/adj drawn withyourhandand a pen or pencil: afreehandsketch —freehand adv free ・ hold / i : ho 国 d ト ho 国 d / れ [C,Ulcomplete owner- ship Of a building for an unlimited time: T カ加 わ 0 ″ g 市 e 介 ee わ 0 可曲 e かわ 0 レ se. —freehold 0 の : 7 物 e ア砒な 0 介わ 0 ・叩り ,. —freehold adv —compare LEASEHOLD free ・ hOId ・ er / i : ha ( 引 do ト hooldo 「 / 〃 [C] an owner of freehold land or property free ・・ / 〃 [C]BrEa ptJBthatcanbuybeer from d ifferent companies, rather than being con- trolled by one company —compare TIED HOUSE BrE free kick / ・ / 〃 ] a chanceforonefootball team to kick the ball, when the other team has done some- thing wrong free•lance / ・ fri:la:nsll-læns/ 0 , adv working inde- pendently for several different companies or organ- izations rather than being d irectly employed by one: 0 女〃 ce リ川 0 れ s 引 She's working 介〃 . 1000 2000.3000 most frequent words in Spoken and written EnQlish —freelance v 国〃ざ S 介〃 c ⅲ g r ・ the BBC. —freelance also freelancer 〃 [CI free•loader/'fri:laodor ト kルd0「/ 〃 [CI informal some- one whO takes food, drink, etc from other people, without giving anything in return—freeload v [I] free ー 0 e / ■・ / 〃 [UI an expression meaning the prac- tice or principle of having sex with people without be ing faithful tO one person or without being mar- ried, used especially ⅲ the 1960S and 1970S free ・ツ / ・ fri: li/ adv 1 if you can travel, speak, oper- ate etc freely, you can do it as much as you like and ⅲ whatever way you like: / 〃 France he could write 介ゆ , ″ん 0 阨の・の・尾 s た 2 without any restrictions on movement: わ reathing カ℃ el. S わ 2 00 ん the 〃 so 襯 the ⅲんア 0 記襯 0 介 ee . 3 freely admit/acknowledge to agree that some- thing is true, especially when this is difficult:lfi ・肥り, ad 襯なー襯 0 襯 0 れ襯な阨ん es. 4 ifa piece of writ- ing is translated freely, the translation does not attempt tO translate the original words exactly, but gives a general meaning 5 freely ava ilable very easy tO obtain: The , 0 尾の℃カ groups の℃ making e わ・五〃市〃 gs 介な , av 朝わの c わ 0 肱催 . 6 generously, or ⅲ large quantities: pro 襯な es were - 庁 ee ゆ g れ″ 0 ー〃 c 内 0 ″ w. free ・ man /lfri:man/n [C] someonewho is not a slave free mar ・ ket 、・・ / 〃 ] 1 曲〃 ic 観 a market on the STOCK EXCHANGE in business shares (SHARE2 ( 6 ) ) ⅲ which the prices are not controlled or fixed 2 a situation in WhiCh prices are not controlled or lim- ited ⅲ any way free mar ・ ket ・ ( 0 れ・ 0 ・ ・・・ /n[Clasystem Of trade ⅲ which prices are allowed to rise and fall without being restricted by the government free mar ・ ket ・ eer / ド・ ' ・ / れ [C] someone who thinks that prices should be allowed to rise and fall nat- urally and should not be fixed by the government Free ・ ma ・ 50n / ・ fri:,merson, .fri:'melsan/ れ [C] a man whO belongs t0 a secret soc iety, in which each mem- ber helps the other members to become successful Free ・ ma ・ 50n ・ /'fri:melsonri, ,fri:'mel-/ れ [U] the system and practices Of Freemasons free par ・ don ん ・・ / 〃 [CJ 厄田 the ofhcial act Of forgiving someone for a crime free pe ・ⅱ・ Od な・・・ / ′ C ] aperiod Oftime inaschool day when a student does not have a class free ・ phone /'fri :foonll-foon/ 〃 [ Ⅵ BrE an arrange- ment by which a company or organization pays the cost 0f telephone calls made tO it free PO な ' ・御 [C]aportwhereg00dsfromaIIcoun- tries can be brought ⅲ and taken out without being taxed free ・ post /'fri:paustll-poost/ 〃ーⅥ BrE an arrange- ment by which a company or organization pays the cost Of letters that you send tO it by post free-range な・イ 0 1 farm animals that are free-range are not kept in small CAGES but are allowed tO move around ⅲ a large enclosed area: カ・ - ra 〃 ge hens 2 f00d that is free-range comes from thesefarmanimals:ft ・ ee-rangeeggs—compare BAVI'ERY ( 2 ) free ・ si ・ a / i : zi 可・ 50 / れ [C] a plant with pleasant smelling flowers

continual 394 SI con ・ tin ・ u ・ al /kon ・ tlnjuol/ 0 可 1 continuing for a long time without stopping: 怩 weeks 可・ CO ″れ″″ 0 ~ rainl The わ OS g ″怩 d ⅲ CO 〃ⅲⅢ襯の・可・ⅲ 0 厩 dea . 2 repeated Often and over a long peri0d 0f time; frequent: The CO 〃れ〃″ 0 ~ 作ゆ s 襯 mo ・ ' S わ 0 レ覊 0 リ〃 0 / Of my れ m 色 3 used tO describe actions that are repeated many times over a periOd oftime andare annoying:l 田なわ ) 0 ″ ' d 0 〃 0 ー CO ル れ″レ 0 ~ c わ 0 な・ⅲ g ! —continually adv: CO 〃 t ⅲレ襯ゆ reassessing 曲 e 豆ル 0 行 0 〃 USAGE NOTE: CONTINUAL WORD CHOICE: continual(ly), continuous(ly) ContinuaI describes separate actions (Often annoyingactions you dO notlike) whichare repeatedoveraperiodoftime: T 加加レ 加・ r が 0 尾 dr れ , 加 g memadlShe's Continuous especially describes things and events that go onwithout abreak: T 加〃 r れ d08 加加レ 0 な s れ〃 ro 〃 d the わⅵ加 g.l な〃 ro 市 tc ⅱ s 2 尾″可 ea 可 co 漑加レ 0 d をわ襯に厩 3 Ⅳ 2 〃 d 催アな g 加な 0 fO ノ 6 ん皿 . Theusesjust described areregarded bY many as the correctones, butnative speakers Often use continuous(ly)also,like continual(ly), tO describe repeated separate actions: There の e 加加お加 r 〃朝〃 &. As aresult, continuous(ly) is much more frequent ⅲ spoken EngIish. Where both might be used, continuous(ly) may Carry less Of the idea that the action is annoying: ″ ra 加を d 加 i 川 04 襯 m , 曲 good r 例・沁叩 . Compare: れ ra 加加 40 の 0 〃 襯襯 , ん c わ s. 国 i dO な r リ 0C0 加ル con ・ tin ・ u ・ ance /kon'tlnjuons/ 〃 1 [singular, IJ] the state Of continuing for a long period Of time: 肭ビ co 〃れⅢ田〃化加〃 OW 催 0 ア e N 砒〃 0 〃立〃のカ , 2 [C usually singularl 厄 the act ofallowing the events ⅲ a court Of law tO stop for a period Of time, usually SO a lawyer can find more facts about the case con ・ tin ・ u ・ a ・ tion /kan,tmju'el. 「 on/ 〃 1 [U] The act or state Of cont inuing for a long period without stop- ping: A r の , c i ″ e 〃 s ″尾 eco 〃れ nua れ 0 ″可〃 知″れな , れ皿 2 [CI something that follows after something else without stopping or changing: い 0 ロ The present eco 〃 om 〃 0 〃 0 , な 0 CO 〃〃″ 0 0 〃 0 工 e ea 日池 r 0 〃 e. 3 [C] something that is j Oined tO some- thing else as ifitwere part 0fit: い 0 ロ TheBalticSea な 0 CO 〃れリ 0 れ 0 〃 0 工 e North Sea. con ・ tin ・ ue /kon'tmju:/v 1 [I,T] tokeephappening, ex isting, or dOing something for a longer period Of time withoutstopping: 〃ⅳ〃加 co 〃れ〃″加 g ⅲ se ca 0 ″ⅲ the US.I T れ 2 カ g 厩ⅲ g CO ⅲ″ ed. ル r 0 ん with] Co 厩ⅲⅲれ g ″わなの・ g ″襯 2 〃ーな怩 0 , 〃 0 ⅲ〃 s continue tO dO sth SiIvina CO れ nt 耙 work 〃催 she わ ad had わ催の continue d0ing sth 7 ' ん co ⅲ″記他ⅲ g 4 ″〃襯 /. 2 卩 , Tl tO start again afteran interruption: 4 ″催 0 わけ、 cea - 尾 2 g カれ〃 g co 〃れ〃レ ed.l continue d0ing sth 尾 ) , 0 リ going CO 〃れⅢ seeing わ催わ〃 shecomes わ ac ん ? 3 田 to walk, travel, or go further on or along: [+down/in/afteretcl Ⅳ 2C0 〃れレ襯 0 〃 g 2 川 ad. ル r some れ m 色 4 II,T] tO say something else after you have been interrupted: ・Ⅵ〃 d SO, ”れ 2 CO ル れれレ ed , "wewilltry わ ard ・〃 ex ー time. —see alSO CON- TI NUAL, DI SCONTI NUE Th is graph shows hOW common d ifferent grammar : patterns Of the verb continue are. continue tO dO sth ( 0 t 面 ue continue 71 continue down ( 0 れ t ⅲリ 0 with continue dOing sth 0 新 30 % 40 % 20 % 50 % 10 % Based on the 8 " 虧 h Natlonal ( 0 u 、 and the し ongm 日 n Lancaster ( 0 「 P し 5 con ・ tin ・ ued /kon'tmju:d/adj [onlybeforenounlcon- tinuing tO happen for a long time, or happening many times: The CO 〃〃″ ed . 厄 i ル尾可、 the 〃 0 〃 ce caused 0 リわ〃 CO 砒 c り , 3C0 〃行〃″ e 〃 ss ec レ厄れ 0 〃 continuing ed ・ u ・ ca ・ tion ・・ / ′ U ] education provided for adults outside the formal educational system, usually by means Of classes that are held ⅲ the evening con ・ ti ・ nu ・ i ・ ty /. knntå'nju:åtili. ka:ntSnu: 1 the continuing Of an event, system etc over a long period 0f time, without problems happening when there isa change: ⅣéS れ 0 ″ 2 〃 S レ尾 CO ″れ″レ″ 0 ア ca わ etween わ 0$ 〃″ 0 ー 0 〃 d 〃 ome. 2 c 加 c 襯 the organ- ization Of a film or television programme tO give the appearance that the action happens without pauses or interruptions ( 0 れ・ tin ・ u ・ 0 / kon 石 nju つ可 -0 ( ) C レ ec 加れ ca ~ a musi- cal part consisting Of a line Of 10W notes with figures showing the higher notes that are tO be played w ith them con ・ tin ・ u ・ 0u5 ,tkon ・ tlnjuas/ 0 可 1 continuing tO S2 happen or exist without stopping or without any W3 interruptions: The わ ra ~ ″ needs 0 CO 〃行〃リ 0 ″ s s ″〃〃 可わ / 00 ざ The B100d Tra 〃ザ iO 〃 Service わ 0 ″ g 0 〃 d CO 〃行〃″ 0 レ S 作 ad 〃〃 0 ア〃リわ〃 C service. 2 someth ing such as a line that is continuous does not have any spaces or hOles in it 3 a55e55m ent BrE a way 0fju dging hOW well a student is dOing by looking at the work they d0 during the year rather than by testing them in an examination 4 c わ〃な 0 ー the continuous form Ofa verb is used tO shOW that an action or activity is con- tinuing tO happen, and is shown ⅲ English bY the verb 、 be', followed by a PRESENT PARTICIPLE, 、 I was waiting for the bus' —continuously ad じ ( 0 れ・ ti れ・ u ・ um /konltmjuom/ 〃 [Cl 〃ル ra / con- tinuums or continua /-j u 0 / something that changes or develops very gradually, so that each part is very sim ilar tO prev ious and following parts; CLINE: 0 の・〃ⅲ g CO 襯ⅲレレ襯襯 0 れ g which 0 ″の・〃催 s. 々ー ( 0 れ・ tO / kon ・い : 叮つ : rt / v [I,TI tO twist something SO