Vutthänatä sq. (id. ): Dhs 1332 : Nett 100 : Tikp 272 , 3 6. 645 Vulha and Vülha - gämini ( - ⅵ p n - え na ) " insight Of discernment leading tO uprising ” (Cpd. 67 ) Vism 66L 6 蹶 sq. Vu#hänati (). ) [ 仕 . vutthäna) rehabilitation : in äpatti0 forgiveness Of an offence Vin Ⅱ .250. Vu#hänima 卩 ] is an expression fO て a certain punishment (pain) in pur8atorv M L337 (vutthänimao näma vedanarj vediyamäna). V 加 (). ) [fr. 町写 , see vassatil & cp. vedic v 獰い ] rain S I. 172 =Sn 77 (fig. =saddhä bijao tapo vutthi) : A ⅱ 1.370 , 378 (väta0); lt 83 : Dh 14 : J Ⅵ .587 ( 。 dh 「え ) : Ap 38 ( fig. ). 52 (amata0); Miln 416 ; Vism 37 , 234 (salila0) : Mhvs I, 24 ; SnA 34. 224 : PvA 9 (0dhärä ShO 、 ver Of rain). —dubbutthi lack 0f rain. drought (opp. suvutthi) J IL367 = Ⅵ 7 : Vism 5 に . V Ⅱ社 b 止 (). ) =vutthi ; only in cpd. dubbutthikä time of drought, lack Of rain D I.II ; DA 1 95 : lt 64 sq. (as avutthika-sama resembling a drought ); DhA ー 52. Vu#hit8 Cpp. 0f vutthahati : cp. utthitaj risen (out of), aroused. having come back from (abl.) D 9 (pati- sallänä) : Sn p. 59 ; S ー v. 294. Vu#himant (adj. ) は「 . vughi, cp. Vedic vritimant in same meaning] contaming rain. full Of rain : the ramv sky Th 2. 487 (=deva, i. e. rain-god or sky ThA 287 ). Kern, 7 、 0 . s. v. wrongly = *vyusti i. e. fr. vi 十 ( マ ) tO shine, 4 luisterrijk," i. e. lustrous, resplendent Vuddha & v Ⅱ嶽 a Cpp. 0f vaddhati 」 0 】 d (fig. venerable) ー 1. vuddha Pv Ⅱ . い 4 Mhvs リ , 2. 2 . vuddha M Ⅱ . 168 ・ J v. 1 我 : Snp. 】 08 ( 十 mahallaka); I)A 1283. Vuddhaka (adj. ) [vu44ha 十 (a) 0 】 d ; f. 0ikä 01d woman Th 2 , 16. V 00 & vuddhi (f ) [a by-form of vad4hij increase, growth. furtherance, prosperity . J. vuddhi PvA 22 Often in phra.se vuddhi virülhi vepulla ( a11 three almost tautological) Miln 5 Vism 129. 2. vuddhi M 1. ロ 7 ( 十 virülhi etc. ): S IL205 sq. : Ⅱ I. 53 ; v. 94 , 97 . A L16 (opp. parihäni), 404 ( 十 virülhi). 43 (kusalesu dharn- mesu); v. 123 sq. :. lt 108 ; J v. 37 ( ppatta grown (p) . Vism 271. 439 ()O read for buddhi) : DhA ル 83 , 87 : Sdhp 537. ・ V 叫就 i [we are grving this base as such only from analogy with the Sk. form vrnäti (vrnoti) ; from the point of View Of 盲れ grammar we must consider present varati as legitimate (cp. ). There are れ 0 forms from the base vunäti found in the present tense : the Caus. väreti points directly t0 varati]. The two meanings of the root 町 as existing in Sk. are also found in Päli, but only peculiar tO the Caus. väreti (the form aor avari as given by Childers should be read aväriosu Mhvs 36 , 78 ). The present tense varati is only found in meaning " t0 wish " (except in prep. cpds. llke sao ・ varati t0 restrain). ー - Defns 0 ー町 . Dhtp 255 var varana-sambhattisu , 2 74 val =saovarane (see valaya ) . 606 var=ävaran'icchäsu. tO hinder, obstruct t 0 conceal, protect ()n meanings “ hinder ” and “ con- ceal " cp. rundhati) : ldg. 本 u and 本 ue cp. G 「 . リ叩の , , Sk. varutra, Lat. vo 】 vo , aperro etc. See vivarati. The pp. ・Ⅵロね onlv in combn with prefixes, llke parrc , sao lt alSO appears *vata in Vivata. 2. tO WiSh, desire, ldg. *pel, cp. Sk. varana, variyän " better," Gr. “ at t0 long for, Lat. V010 tO intend. G0th. wiljan to ・・ will,' wilja =E. will. ーー Pres. varati (cp. vaoeti) : imper. varassu J 日 L493 (varao take a wish : POt. vare pv Ⅱ 940 ( =vareyyäsi C. ) ; ppr. varamäna Pv 11 94 ( =pat- thayamäna PvA に 8 ) pp. does not occur. V Ⅱ準。 ( & instr. vunhinä) at pgdp ! 3. ー 5. ー 9. 35 must be meant for v-unha0 ( & v'unhena). i. e. heat (see uuha) Vuttal Cpp. of vatti. vac ; cp. utta) said DA r.1 7 ( 。り hoti thatistosay); DhA Ⅱ .21, 75 , 80 : SnA ー 74 -vädin one wh0 speaks what i.s sai(i (correctly), telling the truth M 369 : S 11.33 : Ⅱ 1.6. V 協 2 (pp. of vapatilj .sown S 1 3 キ (khctta); J L340 : 日 I. 【 2 : Ⅵは 4 : Miln 375 (khetta); PvA 7. 7. 9. Vutta3 [pp. of vapati21 shaven M ル 8 (Cciro). Cp. nivutta2 Vutt8-velä at J IV. 45 (tena vutta-veläyao & ittaräya vutta-veläya) is by Kern. To . s. v. vutta2 fancifully & 丁 on v taken a.s *vyu.ita ( = ⅵ十 usta. pp. 朝 vas to shine), i. e. dawned : it is however simply vuttal at the time by him い「 her) Vutt8ka (nt. ) [vuttal 十 ka. 'l'he I). connectl()li seerns to be V8C, although formally it may be derrved f 「 . vrt “ to happen" etc. (cp. vuttin & vattin. both f 「 . vrt, & vutti). The BSk. equivalent is vrttaka “ tale ” (lit. happening), e. g. Divy 439 ] what has been said. saving : only ⅲ title Of a canonical b00k “ iti-vuttakao ( " logia ” ) . under iti. Vutt8mina at S I. 129 read as vattamäna. Vuttari of Dh 370 is pafica-v-uttari(o ) , cp. l)h-\ Ⅳコ 09. Vutti (). ) lfr. 斫も cp. vattati : Sk. vrtti) mode of being 0 て acting, conduct, practice, usage. livelihood, habit S I. 100 (ariyao . cp. ariya-väsa); Sn 81 =Miln つ 28 =jivitavutti SnA 】 52 ) : Sn 58. 220. 326 , 676 : J Ⅵ .224 (=jivlta-vutti C. ); Pv Ⅱ 914 ( =jivita PvA 】 20 ) ; IV. I (=jivikä PvA 229 ) : Miln 224. 253 : VvA 23. Vuttika (adj ・ ) ( - 。 ) Cvutti 十 ka] living, behaving. acting A 日 I. 383 (kmdaka0) : PvA 120 (dukkha0) : sabhäga0 living in mutual courtesy or 、 properly, alway.s combd with sappatissa, e. g. Vin 187 : 11.162 : A 1 コ 4 sq ) [abstr. formation f 「 . vutti) condition Vism 0 (ävatta0). V ⅲ (adj. ) [cp. Sk. vrttin] =vuttika , ⅲ sabhäga0 Vin L45 : J I. 幻 9. Cp. vattin. Vutth81 [pp. Of vasatil) clothed : not found. NIore usual nivattha. Vutth82 [pp. 0f vasati21 having dwelt, lived or spent (time), only in connection With (rainy .scason) ( ) 「 väsa (id. : seeväsa2). Seee. g. DhA 1.7 : PvA 32. 43 : J L 3 (0väsa). With ref. t0 vassa ・ vear " at J IV. 7. 一 At DhA I. 327 vuttha stands mo.st likelv for vuddha (arisen. grown). as also in abstr. vutthattao at I)hA ー See also parivuttha, pavuttha & vusita. L330 Vutthaka (adj ) ( - 。 ) [vuttha2 十 (a) dwelt. lived, only in pubbao where he had lived before Mhvs 1, 53 ()O for 0vuttaka) 、 V ロ曲 8 & V 面 i : see vuddha vuddhi. Vuppati is Pass. Of vapati ・ Vuyhati t0 be carried away : Pass. 0f vahati, q. v. and add refs. : MiIn 69 : Vism 603 (vuyhare). ppr ・ vuy- - I. being drawn M L225 ()f a c ュは following hamäna itS mother's VOice). 2. being carried away ()y the current 0f a river), in danger Of drowning Sn 9. pp. vu!ha & vülha. Vuyhaminaka (adj. ) [vuyhemäna with disparaging suffix 0ka] one wh0 is getting drmtmed. ・ drownedling J 111 507. Vulha & V 可恤 [pp. 0f vahati, Pass. vuyhati : but 川ア Ⅵ十ülha) carried away. 1 . vu!ha . Vin L32 , 1C9. 2. vülha . A 日 69 : J L193 : DhA Ⅱ .265 (udakena). See a)so bülha.

Bhütatta 508 Bheqdi character, neg. a0 PvA 14. -vacana statement of reality or of the truth SnA 336. -vädin truthful, speaking the truth M 1 ; D Ⅱ 1.175 : Pug 58 ; a0 untruthful Dh 306 : J II ・ 4 ー 6. -vikära a natural blemish, fault 0f growth, deformity SnA 189 (opp. nibbikära). -vijjä knowledge 0f demons, exorcism D I. 9 ; Dh I. 93 , cp. D /. 1.17 ). -veJja a healer Of harm caused by demons, an exorcist Vin IV. 84 ; J Ⅱ .2 ー 5 ; 111.511 ・ M ⅱ n23. Bhüt8tta (nt. ) 「 abstr. 仕 . bhüta] the fact of having grown, become or being created (). e. being creatures or part 0f creation) Vism 310 ()n def. of bhütä) : MA 1.32 (id. ). Bhütanaka [cp. *Sk. bhütroa] a fragrant grass : Andro- pogon schcnanthus J Ⅵ .36 (=phanijjaka) : Vism 543 ()o v. 1. for T. bhütinaka). 第返 a (adj. ) ( - 。 ) in cpd. cätummahä0 belongs to the whole expression, v レ . composed of the 4 great elements M 5 巧 . B 面曲 a [diffcult t0 expln : is it an 01d misspelling for bhüta 十 gha ~ The latter 0f a 取 a destroyer of beings Sn 664 (voc. bhünahu, expld by SnA 479 as “ bhüti-hanaka vuddhi-näsaka ' vv. 11. bhünahata, bhünahota, bhühata. a11 showing the diffculty of the archaic word) : J v. 266 (pl. bhünahuno. expld by C. ・ isina13 ativattäro attano vaddhiyä hatattå 272 as bh. ” ). Cp. M I. 502 ("puritanical " suggested by Lord Ch almers). 第 ma ( - 。 ) [=bhümi] 1. (lit. ) ground, country, district S 111.5 (pacchäO the western district). ー 2 ・ (fig ・ ) ground, reason for, occasion : stage. step Sn 896 (avi- vädao ground Of harmony ; according tO SnA 557 Ep. Of Nibbäna). Bhümaka ( & 0ika) (adj ・ ) (only - 。 ) [from bhüma, or bhümi] I. having floors or stories ()f buildings) as dve0 päsäda DhA 1.414 : paica0 päsäda a palace with 5 stories J 58 , 89 ; sattao with 7 stories (päsäda) DhA Ⅱ . 1, 2 ⅸ ). The form 0ika at DhA 182 (dveo geha). 2. belonging t0 a place or district, as jäti0 from the land 0f (their) birth M I. 147 ; pacchä0 from the western country S IV. 3 ロ (brähmaqä). 3. being 0 Ⅱ certain plane or in a certain state, as paritta0 & mahä0 Vbh 340 teo in 3 planes SnA 4 ()f the 5 Khandhas). 510 (0vatta) : DhA L36 (kusala). 305 (0vatta) : Ⅳ .69 (tebhü- maka-vatta-sankhätao Mära-bandhanao), 72 (dhammä) : catuo in 4 planes DhsA 296 (kusala) : DhA 1.35 (citta). The form 0ika at DhA 1.288 (with ref. to citta). Bhåmi (). ) [cp. Vedic bhümi, Av. bümiö soil, ground, to b as in bhavati, cp. Gr. 中 etc. See bhavati] (lit. ) ground, soil, earth Vin Ⅱ 75 : Sn 4 ー 8 (yänao carriage road) : Pv I. 914 : SnA 353 (hetthä-bhümiyao under the earth) : DhA い 4 (id.. opp ・ upari-bhümiyao). 2. place, quarter, district, region M 1.145 (jäti0 district Of one's birth) : Sn 83 ( ) (vighäta0) : Nd2 475 (danta0) : DhA I. 幻 3 (öpäna0) : PvA ) (susäna0). uyyänao garden (-place or Yocality) Vv 6413 : Pv コ 2 ・ J 58. 3. (fig ・ ) ground, plane, stage, level : state of consciousness, Vin. 1.17 : Vbh 322 sq. : Vism 126 , 442 (with ref. to the 4 Patisambhidä. as sekha-bhümi & asekha-bhümi), 舁 7 (paöfiä0-niddesa). Usually indriya0 Nett ー 92 : dassana0 plane of insight Nett 8 , 14, 50 : sukhao ground for happiness Dhs 984 (cp. I)hsA 2 ) ・ bhümi-ttaya the 3 stages, viz. kähåvacara, rüpåvacara, lokuttara Vism 493. bhümiyo Ps 既 205 = Vism 384 (appld to the 4 jhänas) ; purisa0 (attha p. bh. eight stages of the individual; v 肛 . manda-bhümi. khiddä0, vimaosana0, ujugata0 sekhao, samaoao. jina0. panna0, or as trsld by Rh. I). in D L72 , under " eight stages of a prophet's exist- ence ' babyhood, playtime. trial time, erect time. learning time, ascetic time, prophet time & prostrate time. Cp. the decades of man's life, as given by Bdhgh at Vism 6 ー 9 ). - ー Bdhgh. when defining the 2 meanings Of bhümi as “ mahä-pathavi ' ' and as “ citt- uppäda ” (rise Of thought) had in view the distinction between its literal & figurative meaning. But this def. ()t DhsA 2 ) is vague & only popular. ーー An old 10C. of bhümi is bhumyä, e ・ g ・ J 1.507 : v. 84. Another form of bhümi at end of cpds. is bhüma (q ・ v. ). -kampa shaking Of the ground. earthquake Miln ー 78. -gata ・・ gone intO the soil," i. e. hiding, stored away -ghana thick soil SnA 9 , cp ・ pathavi-ghana J 廴 375 ibid. ー 40. -tala ground (-surface) PvA 186. -padesa place or region upon the earth J V1.95 ・ -pappataka outgrowths ⅲ the soil I. 87 = Vism 4 18. -pothana beating the ground DhA I.J 71. -bhäga division of the earth, district J I. IC9 : v. 200 : VvA 125 : PvA 29 , 154 ・ -ladcnfluppanna) acquired on a certain stage of existence -saya lying or sleeping on the ground DhA 11.61. SnA 4. Bhüri1 (). ) (cp. late Sk. b ⅱ月 the earth : given name f0 て the earth (pathavi) at Ps Ⅱ 97 : see also def. at DhsA ・ 7. Besides these only in 2 dÖubtful cpds. , b0th resting on demonology. viz. bhürikamma D I. 12 , expld 4 practices t0 be observed by one living ⅲ a bhüri- (?) DA 97. bvt cp. Vedic ghara or earth-house ' and bhürivijjä much effecting bh ⅱ ri -karman D 9 , expld as “ knowledge Of charms tO be pronounced by one living in an earth-house ” ( ? ) DA L93. See D れ I 8 , 25. The meaning of the terms is obscure : there may have been ()s Kern rightly suggests : see TO . s. v. ) quite a diff. popular practice behind them, which was unknown tO the later Commentator. Kern suggests that bhüri-viJJä might be a secret science tO find go 旧 (digging for it : science 0f hidden treasures), and 0kamma might be “ making gold ' ' (alchemistic science). Perhaps the term bhumma-jäla is t0 be connected with these two. B i2 (adj. ) (cp. Vedic bhüri] wide, extensive, much, abundant, DhsA 147 ()n def. 0f the term bhüril, i. e. 0paMa (adj. ) of ex- earth) ; otherwise only in cpds. tensive wisdom, very wise S IV. 205 : Sn 34 し , 792 , ー 097 , ロ 43 : Pv 1 日 .55 : Ps Ⅱ .197 ( “ pathavi-samäya vittha- täya vipuläya pafifiäya samannägato ti bhüripaööo,' with other definitions) : Ndl 95 (same expln as under Ps ル 197 ) : Nd2 4 巧 C. (id. ). 。 pa a (adj. ) same as 0pa1höa Sn 1136 ~ (cp. Nd2 4 ). ・ 0medhasa (adj. ) very intelligentSI. 42・ー 74 : I Ⅱコ 43 : AIV. 449 ; Sn ロ引 , ロ 36 : Th 1. 1266 ; Pv 1 ル 77. BhürI (). ) [is it original ~ Cp. BSk. bhüri in same sense at Lal. V. 444. 54 ー , MVastu L332 ] knowledge, under- standing, intelligence Dh 282. quoted at DhsA 76 (expld as termed so because it is as widespread as the earth; Dhs ー 6 : DhA III. 421 : same explnat DhsA 148 ) : J Ⅵ・ 4 巧・ Bhüsana (nt. ) [fr. bhü') ornament, decoration Vism 10 (yatino-sila-bhüsana-bhüsitä contrasted to r 匈羲 no muttä・ mani-vibhüsitä). Bhüsä (). ) [fr. bhå') ornament, decoration, only in cpd. bhüsa- (read bhüsä-)dassaney.ya beautiful an 2 ornament PV 111.3 . Bhüseti ℃ aus. of bhü', to be busy ; in meaning “ to adorn ' etc. Expld at l)htp. 3 巧 , 623 by “ alankära ” ] to adorn. embellish, beautify. OnIy in pp ・ bhüsita adorned with ( - 。 ) Pv ル 952 , ロ ? ; 35 ; J V1.53. Cp. vi0. Bheka [cp. Vedic bheka. onomat. ] a 仕 og Th 1, 3 】 0 : J III. 430 ; ー v. 247 : VL208. is fut. of bhindati (q ・ v. ). Bhejj8 (adj ・ ) [grd. 0f bhindati] to be split, only in neg. form abhejja not to be split 0 「 sundered Sn 255 . J L263 : 日 I. 8 : Pug 30 : Miln 新 0 , ー 99. Bhejjanaka (adj. ) [ 仕 . bhejja) breakable : like bhejja only in neg. form abhejjanaka indestructible J 393 ・ B di [perhaps identical with & only wrong spelling

Kebuka 226 Kesa - J Ⅳ 67 : v. 35 ; PvA 7 ( = khetta). The spell- 6. ing is sometimes ketåra (J Ⅱ 1.255 v. 1. ) see Trenckner, J. P. T. S. 188. ロ 2. Ⅳ 0 ル . The prefix ke- suggeéts an obsolete noun Of the meaning ー water, ” aISO in ke- buka, ke-vatta : perhaps Sk. k9Vid, k#vedate. t0 wet, ooze ~ ke would then be k(h)ed, and kedara= ked 十ら bursting forth of water= inundation ; kebuka = kedvu(d)ka (udaka) : kevatta= ked 十 , moving on the water, fisherman : (cp. AvS lndex Kaivarta : name Of an offcer on board a trading vessel). - 版 0 す i top or corner-point of a field Vism ー & ). 区・ b 武 8 [on ke- see note to prec. ] water J Ⅵ .38 ( = 42 : k. vuccati udakao). As nadi a river at J 日 1.91, where Seruma at similar passage p ・ 189. Keyüra (nt. ) a bracelet, bangle DhA 11.220 (). 1. käyura) ・ X ⅱⅵ 0 (adj. ) wearing a bracelet PvA 2 ロ ( = käyürin) ・ Keyya (ger. 0f kayati) for sale J VI. 1 ( = vikkiqitabba). K a (adj. ) [ 仕 . kiräta] deceitful, false, hypocritic J 46 ー (expld by bilära) ; IV. 220 : IV. 223 ( = kiräsa) : MA 152 : DhA I Ⅱ .389 (=satha). a0 honest, frank J v. ロ 7 ( = akitava, ajütakara). Xeråtiya= prcc. J Ⅱ I. 22 (01akkhaqa) ; MA 152. Ke 義 at Th I , IO 10 is tO be corrected into keliyo (see keli2). X 可ー (). ) [fr. kilissati ? or is it khelana ? ] desire, greed, usually shown in fondness for articles Of personal adornment : thus “ selfishness ' ' Vbh 351 = DA I. 286 in this passage it is given as a rather ( 十 pa#kelanä). doubtfnl expltl Of cäpalla, which would connect it with 3 t0 jump, or khei tO swing, oscillate, waver, c . expltl Dhtp 278 kela khela= calane. Another passage is Nd2 585 , where it is combl with parikelanä and acts syn. Of vibhüsanä. Xeläyati [Denom. 仕 . kil ⅲ meaning “ tO amuse oneself with, ” i. e. take a pride in. AIways combd with mamäyati. BSk. same meaning ()0 be fond (f) : lik t ね阜 i k. gopäyati Divy 631. Morris. J. 2. T. S. ー 893 , 16 puts it (wrongly り t0 kel t0 quiver : see also kelanä] tO adorn oneself with (acc. ), tO fondle, treasure, take pride in (gen. ) M I. 260 (alliyati keläyati dhanäyati mamäyati, where dhanäyati is tO be read as vanäyati shown by v コ . S. Ⅱ I. 1 & M I. 552 ) : S 111. (id. ): Miln 73. ー - pp ・ ke!äyita ・ Relåyana (nt. ) [ 仕 . keläyati, cp. kelanä & keli) playfulness, unsettledness Vism 134 (opp ・ majjhatta), 3 . Reläyita [pp. of keläyati] desired, fondled. made much of J IV. 198 (expld with the ster. phrase keläyati mamä- yati pattheti piheti icchati ti attho). Keläsa (cp. Sk. kailäsa] N. 0f a mountain Bdhd 138. Relit (). ) [fr. krid to play, sport : see kilati] 1. play, amusement, sport PvA 265 ( = khidc,lä) : parihäsa0 merry play, fun J 1. い 6. 2. playing at dice, gambling, in mandala “ circle of the game," draught-board : 。 9 bhindati tO break the board, i. e. to throw the die over the edge so as to make the throw invalid (cp. Cunning- ham, S 24 0 / 召ん 4 , plate 45 ) J 1.379. Keli2 (). ) [either f 「 . kil as ⅲ kilijjati & kilissati, or 仕 . kel, given under kelanä] the meaning is not quite defined, it may be taken as “ attachment. lust, desire," or “ sel- fishness, deceit ' (cp. kerätika & kilissati). 0 「“ un- settledness, wavering. keli-sila Of unsettled char- acter, unreliable. deceitful PvA 241. osilaka id. J paöca citta-keliyo = paäca nivaraqäni (käma- Ⅱ・ 447 ・ cchanda etc. )・ the gratifications Of the heart Th l, 910 ( CO な . kelisä t0 keliyo ! ). ー citta-kelio kilantä blhuo päpakammao katvä enJOYing themselves (wrongly) tO their heart'.s content J III ・ 43 ・ Cp. kämesu a-ni-kili- tävin unstained by desires S 1.9. ロ 7 ・ Kevatta 〔 on ke- see kedära] fisherman D L45 ()n simile 0f dakkho (0) A Ⅱ I. .31 = 342 , cp ・Ⅳ .91 ; Ud 24 sq. : J I. 29 : DhA II. 132 : IV. 41 : PvA 178 (0gäma' in which tO be reborn, iS puni.shment, fishermen being considered out- cast) ; cp. J Ⅵ .399 N. 0f a brahmin mini•ster• also D I. 4 い N. of Kevaddha ( ? ). - d マ「 a N. 0f one 0f the gates 0f Benares, and a village near by Vv 197; VvA 97. KevaIa (adJ. -adv. ) [cp. Lat. cae.lebs= *caivilo-b0 t0 live bv oneself. i. e. tO live in celibacv. perhaps alSO' GOth. hails, Ohg. heil, E. whole] expression 0f the concept 0f unity and totality : only, alone : wh01e. complete : adv. altogether or only ー I. 。 9 (adv. ) (a) only=just : k. amhäkao vacanaIJ karohi “ dO all we tell you ' only = but, with this difference : VvA 203 , PvA 4 : ・ vippalapati he only talks PvA 93 , 249 : “ sakkä nu kiüci adatvä k. sagge nibbatti- and vet : tutJ ~ " is it possible not tO give anvthing. and yet go tO heaven ~ kevalao mano-pasäda-mattena only by punty of mind DhA I. 33 : kevalao vacchake balava-piya- cittatäya simply by the strong love towards the baby- calf Vism 313 ; (b) alone : k. araåfiao gami.ssämi VvA ・ exclusive Miln 247. . atha kho not 260 ・ na k. 2. whole, entire Sn only but also VvA 227. p. 108 : Cp. I. 1019 : Pv II. 63 (=sakala PvA 95 ) : Vism 528 ( = aammissa, sakala) : Pv Ⅱ .63 (=sakala PvA 95 ) ・ k. > akevala entire > deficient M I. 326. 9 entirelv, thoroughly. all round : k0 obhäsenti VvA 282. -kappa a whole kappa Sn pp. 18, 45. 125 : KhA い 5 ; -paripunna fulfilled ⅲ its entirety (sa- VvA 124 , 255 ・ kala DA I. 177 ) Of the Doctrine : expld also at Nett 10. Kevalin (adj. ) [ 丘 . kevala) one wh0 is fu!ly accompli•shed, an Arahant ; Often with mahesi and uttamapurisa. Defn sabbaguna - panpunoa sabba - yoga - visaoyutta Sn A 153 ・一 - ye 、 suvimuttä te kevalino ye kevalino vattao tesarj natthi pafifiåpanäya S Ⅱ 1.59 sq.. i. e. “ those who are thoroughly emancipated. these are the kevalinao mahesi1J khiq' äsavarj accomplished k. vusitavä uttamapuriso Nd2 on Sn 82 = S 1.167 : tiqna= A v. 16. ーー with gen. : brahmacariyassa k. “ per- fected in morality ” A IJ. 23. ー - As Ep. of “ brähmana ' Sn 519=Nd2 s. v. : Of dhammacakka A Ⅱ .9 : see 盟 SO akevalin not accomplished, not per- Sn 490. 595 ・ fected Sn 878 , 89 [VediC ke{a ; cp. kesara hair, mane = Lat. caesaries, hair of the head, Ags. heord = E. hair) the hair 0f the head S 1.115 (hata-hata-k0, with dishevelled hair) : A I. 138 (palita-kesa with grey hair : also at J L59 ) ; Sn 456 (nivutta0), ⅸ ) 8 ; Th I, 169 : J I ・ 59 , 138 ; I Ⅱ .393 : Miln 26 : KhA 42 : Vism 353 ()n detail). The wearing Of long hair was forbidden tO the Bhikkhus : Vin Ⅱ 07 dark (glossy) hair is a sq ・ : 133 (cp. kesa-massu) : distinction Of beauty : susukäla-keso ()f Gotama) D 1.115 : cp. kaoha and kalyäna : PvA 26. ・一 The hair of petas is long and dishevelled PvA 56 : Sdhp 103 : it is the only cover Of their nakedness : kesehi patic- channa “ covered only with my hair ” Pv r. 102. ー・ kesesu gahetvä t0 take by the hair ()n Niraya) D I. 234 : kesao oropeti tO have one's hair cut Vin Ⅱ .133. -oropaqa(-satthaka) い ) hair-cutting (knife), i. e. a razor DhA L43 -ohäraka one whO cuts the hair. a barber Vism 413 ・ -kambala a hair blanket (aCC01 ・ ding t0 Bdhgh human hair) D I. 167=A I. 240 , 295 = Ⅱ .206 = Vin I. 305 = M I. 78=Pug 55 : A I. 286. -kambalin wearing a hair blanket ()f Ajita) D 1.55. -kaläpä (pl•) (atimanoharaO) beautiful tresses PvA 46 : -kalyäqa beauty Of hair DhA I. 387 : -kärika hairdresser Vv 1 75 ・ -dhätu the hair-relic ()f the Buddha) J I. 81 : -niväsin covered only hair 0f Petas ( : keseh' eva paticchä-

Avadehaka Avadehaka ( ー。 ) (adj. ) い v ュ十 deha 十 ka but more likely direct fr. ava 十 dih] in the idiom udarävadehakal) bhuä- jati, to eat one's 611 M 1. ー 02 ; Th 935. Vism 33 has udarävadehaka-bhojana, a heavy meal. Avadhäraqa ()t ・ ) [Cp. Sk. avadhärana, 「 r. ava 十 dhrl リヨ紅【記 n ⅱ on tO affirmation, emphasis; as t. t. used by C's in explanation 0 「 eva1J DA L27 ; and 0 「 khO 2 ! PvA い ) 18. Avadhi 3 sg ・ aor. 0 「 vadhati. 一 At DhA 11.73 avadhi odhi. Avanata see onata. avamäna J I. 22. Avamänana (nt. ) [ 伝 avamäna] respect, contempt J Ⅱ .386 ; 11 423 ; v. 384 ・ CP ・ next. Avamäna & omäna [ 伝 . ava 十 man, think] disregard' dis- thing importune, unlucky J L446 ・ Avamangalla (adj. ) [ 伝 . avamangala) 0 「 bad omeh' nt. any ・ avamän ita. pp ・ Caus. DhA 1 7 円 PvA 37 , 5 ; Sdhp 27L Avamafiati [Sk. avamanyate] to slight' t0 disregard' despise 424 ; l)hA Ⅱ I 23 ; pvA 26L C 「 . next• gala); nt. bad luck, ill omen J L372 , 402 ; Ⅱ靆 97 ; Ⅵ .101 function] of bad omen, unlucky, infaustus (opp ・ abhiman- Avamangala (adj. ) [ava 十 mangala' ava here in privative down ” , despised, 10W ) unworthy M ル 2 ー 0. Avabhüta (adj. ) い十 b 恤ね , pp ・。「 ava 十 bhü] "come .(inf. 0bh0ttu1)), 273 ・ Avabhuöjati い v ュ十 bhuöjati] [ 0 eat, to eat up J Ⅲ .272 resplendent Sdhp 590 ・ Avabhäsita ( ー。 ) [late form 0 「 obhäsita] shining with light 0 丐 illuminating Sdhp 14. Avabhäsaka ( ー。 ) (adj. ) [ fl ・ . avabhäsa] shining, shedding Pug 46 has obhäsa. vabhäso D 11.551 looking deep. Same cpd. at A 日靆 05 Avabhäsa [later form 0 「 obhäsa] OnIy in cpd ・ gambhirä- pay attention tO J 111.15 ー nåva Avabodhati ( ーー。 ) [cp. Sk. avabodhati] t0 realise, perceive, ananubodha VvA 3 ー 9 ). to the truth Vv 826 knowledge Sn A 509 (sacca0). - ー Neg ・ an0 not awakened Avabodha [ava 十 bodha) perception, understanding, full 日 k387 (interchanging with anubujjhati the latter pass.) ・ A Ⅳ .96 lt 83 (n)avabujjhati); A Ⅳ .98 (id. ) J 匚 378 Avabujjhati ( ー。 ) [Cp. BSk. avabudhyate] to understand Avapivati [ava 十 pä, cp ・ apapibati] to drink from J I は 63. drinking J I は 63. Avapäyin ( ー。 ) (adj. ) [cp. avapivati] coming for ユ drink, Avapatta see opatta. t0 imply (a)vavakassati); A Ⅲは 45 sq ・ (avapakäsituo). Bdhgh. in expln ・ on p. 325 has apapakäsati which seems, Vin Ⅱ .204 (apakäsati 十 ; v. l. avapakassati ・ apakäsati nary apakassati. See meaning & further discussion under vavakassati ( ⅵ十 ava 十 kassati), supplementing the ordi- only ⅲ this word. ln all likelihood ⅱ is a distortion 0 「 doubtful compd ・ 0 「 kassati, the combd ・ ava 十 pa occurring Avapakäsati [ava 十 pa 十 käsati = kassati, 伝 . kr*) is a ground Dävs IV く . Avani (). ) [Vedic avani] bed or course 0 「 a river ; earth, down, humiliation Miln 387 (unnat)åvanati). Avanati ( ・一。 ) ( 「 . ) [ 伝 . avanamati] stooping, bending, bowing Avasitthaka Avamänetf [Caus. 0 「 avamafifiati] t0 despise J v. 246. pp. avamänita PvA 36. Avaya only in neg ・ anavaya• Avayava [Dern uncertain. Cp. mediaeval Sk. avayava] limb' member, constituent, part VVA 53 (sarira ー g ⅲ ). 168 , 2011 276 ; PvA 2 い (sanra0 =gattä), 2 (mü10 the fibres 0 「 the root ). As t. t. g. SnA 397. ln the commentaries avayava is Often used where aoga would have been used in the older texts. Avarajjhati ( ーー。 ) [ava 十 rajjhati 0f cp. Sk. avaräd- hyate]to neglect, fail, spurn Th ーい 67 ; J Ⅳ .428 ( v. 1. 0rujjh0). Avaruddha [fr. avarundhati] 1. Doubtful reading at Vin Ⅳ靆 81 , apparently meaning ' ⅲ代 volt, 0 猷 of hand' (0f 2. [late fgrm of oruddha] restrained Sdhp ・ 592. slaves) Avaruddhaka [avruddha 十 ka] subdued, expelled, banished J Ⅵ .575 ; l)pvs 21 (Np). Avaruddhati [Sk. aparundhati ; v 十 ruddhati of rudh] t0 expel, remove, banish J Ⅵ .505 ( = niharati C ・ ), 5 巧・ See also avarundhati. Avarundhati [ava 十 rundhati. Only referred t0 by l)hp. in his Cy (ThA 27D on oruddha] to put under restraint, tO put intO one's harem as subsidiary wife. AvaIambati [ = olambati]. Only in late verse. TO hang down. Pv II. い 8 ・一 02. G び . avalamba ( 応【 Obya) Pv L35 ; cp ・ olubbha. Avalitta ( ーー。 ) [Sk. avalipta' PP. 0 「 ava-limpati] besmeared ; ⅲ cpd. ullittåvalitta "smeared up & down ” i. e ・ plastered inside & outside A I.IOI. AvaIekhati [ava 十 lekhati, likh, Sk. avalikhati] to scrape 0 Vin Ⅱ .22 ー (). l. apa0) ・ Avalekhana1 (nt. ) 忻 . avalekhati] ( ) a scral)lnß scraplng 0 価 Vin Ⅱ .14 ー (0pidhara), 22 ー (0ka!!ha). (b) scratching in, 」一 V ・ 402 ) (Osattha 雀 chisel 「 or engraving writing down letters). AvaIekhana2 (nt. ) v. 1. 「 or apalekhana. Avalepana ( ー。 ) (nt. ) [fr. 紅十 lip] smearing' daubing' plastering M L385 (pitaO); Sn 194 ( k 0 taca-maos åva- lepano the body plastered with skin & flesh). Avasa (adj ・ ) [a 十 vasa] powerless Sdhp 290. Avasata & Osata [Sk. apasrta, cp. also samavasgta, pp-• ava 十 srj withdrawn, gone away ; one wh0 has le 代 a community & gone over tO another sect, a renegade Vin Ⅳ .2161 217 ( = titthäyatanar) saokata). Avasarati [ava 十 sr] t0 go down, to go away (to) Sn 685 (). 1. BB. T. avaosari) ・ Avasäna ( ー。 ) [ osäna] ()t ・ ) stopping ceaslng; end, finish, conclusion J k87 (bhattakicc-åvasäne at the end the meal); PvA 76 (id. ). Avasäya [ 伝・ avaseti] stopping, end' finish Th 21 ー 2 ( = avasänao ni!!hänar) ThA ー 9 ). But the id. p. at Dhp 218 has anakkhäte. Avasiöcanaka (—0) (adj. ) [ 伝 . osiöcati] pouring over (act. & med. )1 overflowing J L400 (an Avasittha (sic & not osi!tha) [pp. 0f avasissati, Sk. ava'i}!a] le remaining, 0 【 S Ⅱ .133 ; J 1.138; v. 339 ; VvA 66 1 pl. avasitthä all who are le 代 , the 0 山 e 「 s PvA ー 65 (janä). Avasitthaka (adj ・ ) [ 伝 . avasi!!ha] remaining, 厄代 J ・ 3 ロ・

735 2. HISTORY OF THE DICTIONARY SCHEME. The idea of the Päli Dictionary, as now pubiished, was first put forth by Rhys Davids in September 2 ( 0 the thirteenth ー 4 0 れ al 0 漉 al Congress at Hamburg). lt was t0 compiled on the basis 0f the texts issued by the P. T. S. since its foundation in 1882 , and it was conceived on an international pian, 4ccording t0 which some seven 0 【 eight famous Sanskr1t scholars 0f should each contribute tO the work. Every one of them was enthusiastic about it. ln 1903 Rhys Davids announced that the Dictionary would published in 1905 , or at latest in 190 & V{hen was studying Päli with Ernst Windisch in 1904 1 was undecided, whether I should buy a " ChiIders " then, or wait until the " lnternational l)ictionary ' should out in 1905. LittIe did I dream that I shouid have had to wait till I myself finished the lnternational Dictionary in 1925 ! By 1909 only one-eighth of the work had been done. Gradually the co-workers sent back the materials which Rhys Davids had supplied to them. Some had done nothing at all, nor even opened the packets. OnIy Messrs. Duroiselle, Konow, and Mrs. B0de had carried out what they had undertaken to do. After Rhys Davids had again conferred with his colleagues at the Copenhagen Congress in 1908 , he published the full scheme of the Dictionary in / 卍 . T. S. for 1909 ・ Then the War came and stopped the plans for good. The failure of the original scheme teaches us that dictionary work cannot be done れ as and one's spare time ; it requires one's whole time. At any rate, they were very disappointing years for my friend, and he had almost despaired of the vitality of his pet plan, when, in 1916, he asked me, under the auspices of the P T 、 S. and with his assistance, to do the Dictionary on a uniform plan. he left the compiling to me, and I set to work. conferring with him at frequent intervals. He revised my work. This had become more exhaustive than was planned, because double the amount 0f texts had been published by 1922 than in 1 2. This was a gain for the Dictionary, but meant much more work for the editor. 3. MY MATERIAL. The P Dictionary is in a certain respect the result Of the work of many. lt is a résumé Of all the indexes t0 the texts, so that every indexer has his or her share in the work. But the indexes d0 not give translations, and thus the main work was often left tO me : t0 find the most correct and adequate English term for the Päli word. lt needs careful and often intricate study to accomplish this task, for even the most skilled and well-read translators have either shirked the most diffcult words; or translated them wrongly or with a term which does 1 】 0t and cannot cover the idea adequately. Thus many a crux retarded the work, not tO speak of thousands of inc.orrectnesses in the text of the printed editions. A few contributors gave more (like Mrs. Bode and Professor DuroiseIIe), but only from scanty material and texts up t0 1909. Rhys Davids' material, copied from his copy of ChiIders (which was bequeathed him by Childers, interleaved by the binder and filled in from 18 ヴ 8 to 1916), was partly 01d , and mostly without the EngIish translation, which was only to be found here and there in his translated texts. Mrs. Rhys Davids has shown her constant sympathy with the work, and I am indebted to her for many suggestions, especially concerning psychological termini. She a 0 condensed and revised my articles on 緲ーえ 4 and sa れんん / 4. TO summarize what actual help I have received by using materials other than my own, I have tO st ate that I found the following contributions of use : (1 ) For the 囮ん 0 alphabet : AII the indexes to the P. T.S. publications. 1 Rhys Davids' annotations to his Childers, representing about IO per cent. of all important references. Kern's additions to ChiIders' (Tcvægselen) : to taken with caution in translations and explanations, but at least equal to Rhys Dauds' in extent and im- portance. 2 Hardy's occasional slips and references ( 5 per cent. 0f the whole). ( 2 ) For れ g ル letters : M . Bode's collection of B and Bh. Professor Konow's collection of S げ . ~. T. S. 1909 ) and H (ibid. 1907 ) , .which I have used very extensively, after correcting them and bnnging them up tO date. Professor DuroiseIle's collection of one-half of K and Mr. E. J. Thomas' N. ー Many of these are very faulty (the Kvu 炉 word index contains per ce 武 . of e な 0 【 ). The 0 y index ⅵ山青山 1 bave no fault to find is that to Sn and SnA by HeImer smith. 第 lt is to regretted that this valuable 0 lection is marred by any amount of e な 0 and 面 sp ⅱ 0t3 ( 5e0 30 背 . 4 end).

Mandalika 517 Mattikä 歇 a 0 汝 a (adj. -n. ) は「 . rnandala. cp. mandalaka-räjä“ the king Of a small countr\ ・ NIvvttt 9 a district officer, king's deputy Vin 日 L47 ; f. mandalikä = mandala 4 , 1. e. crrcus, ring. Ä)tIt)(l. in race 1 .6. da 恤 (adJ ・ ) 1. circular Th I, 863 (maodali-päkära). having a disk, orbed ()f the sun) S I. 5 ー =VvA 凵 ( ). M8Qdit8 「 pp. of mandeti] adorned, embellished, dressed up Sdhp 244. 54 ( ) ・ ln cpd ・ 0pasädhita beautifully adorned at J 1.489 ; 1L48 : VI. 幻 9. —Cp. abhi0 MaQdük8 「 Vedic mandüka] a frog Vv 5 ド J IV. 247 : v. 307 : Ⅵ 64 : KhA 46 : VvA 2 . 2 ー 8 : Sdhp 292. f. mandüki J 1 ・ 341. 一一 Mandüka is the name of an angel (devaputta) at Vism 2 ( ) 8. -chäpi a young (female) frog J V1.192. -bhakkha eating frogs, frog eater (). e. a snake) J 111.16. M8Qdeti t0 adorn, related to Lat. mundus world, cp ・ in meaning Gr. び oc =ornament Dhtp 103 : bhüsane, 566 : bhüsäyao] to adorn, embellish, beautify J I Ⅱ .138 ; DhA II. 86. pp ・ mandita. Mat81 [pp. Of maöüati] thought, understood. considered - ) , only late in use Vbh 2 (hinao panita0, doubtful reading) : Sdhp 55 : Mhvs 2 5 , 55 (tassä matena according tO her ()piniotl) : 25 , ーー ( ) (pasu-samä matä, pl. considercd like b( 、 asts). Cp. samo ・ ' 0 . Does mata-säyika at Th 1. 5 ( 月 ( =MiIn 3 ( ) 7 ) belong under this mata ? Then mata would have to be taken as nt. meaning “ thought. thinking," but the phrase is not without objection both semantically & svntactically. Mrs. Rh. D. ( B ″鳩 p ・ 24 ( ) ) trsls “ nesting-place of thought. ' Mata2 [pp. of marati, mr] dead M 1.88 (ekäha0 dead one day). ; III ・ 159 (matam eyya would go to die) ; Sn 200 , 440 : J v. 4 跖 . Neg. amata see separate article. ーーⅣ 0 . mata at PvA I IO is to be corrected into cuta. -kicca duty towards the dead, rites for the dead PvA 274. Mataka は r. mata2] dead, one who is dead DhA 日 .274 ・ 語 k 「 a condition 0f one wh0 is dead J I. 164 ( 。 9 d assati pretends t0 be dead ). -bhatta a meal for the dead, food offered to the manes J IV. 15場 DhA 1.326 (=petakicca p ・ 328 ) : II 25 ・ M8ti (). ) [Vedic mati, fr ・ man : cp ・・ Av. maitß, Lat. mens, mentem (cp. E. mental) : G0th. ga-munds, gaminPi, Ohg ・ gi-munt, E. mind) mind, opinion, thought , thinking Of, hankering after, love or wish for Vin lll. 日 8 (purisa0 thought 0f a man) ; Mhvs 3 , 42 (padipa lamp of knowledge) ; 巧 , 2 14 (amala0 pure-minded) : PvA 1 (käma 十 ). —su0 (adj ・ ) wise, clever Mhvs 15 , 2 : opp ・ du0 (adj. ) foolish J 1 Ⅱ .83 ( =duppafiöa C. ) : Pv 1.82 ( =nippaööa PvA 40 ) ; Sdhp 292. Matik8ta (adj ・ ) [cp. Sk. mati-krta, fr. matya, nt.. harrow =Lat. mateola, Ohg. medela plough] in suo well- harrowed (field) A I. 229 , 239 (khetta). Matimant (adj. ) [mati 十 mant] sensible, intelligent. wise, metri causå as matimä (fr. matimanto, pl. ) at Sn 88 ー ( =matimä paoditä Ndl 289 ). 就地 1 ( - 。 ) (adj. ) [i. e. mattä used as adj. ] “ by measure,' measured, as far the measure goes, 1. e. い ) con- SiSting Of, measuring (With numerals or expres- sions) : appamatto kali Sn 659 : paficamattä sata 500 DA I. 35 : satthimatte satthimatte katvä SnA 510 ; mäsamattao PvA 55 : ekädasa0 ib. 20 : dvädasaO 42 : sattao 47 : tiosamattehi bhikkhühi saddhio 53 ・ (negative) as much as, i. e. only, a mere. even as little as, the mere fact (of), not even (one), not any : anu- mattena pi pufiöena Sn 431 : katacchumattao (not) even a spoonfu 1 M iln 8 : ekapanr.',a0 pvA い 5 : citta 。り pi (not) even as much as one thought ib. 3 ; nämao a mere name Miln 2 5 ; phandana り not even 0 淑 throb .24 , bindu J Ⅵ . 7 ; phanditaO the mere fact 0f ー ( 3 ) (p い sitive) only の肥 drop PvA 10 ( ) : roditao M Ⅱ .24 、 as much as, SO much, some, enough (Of) : riches enough J v ・ 40 , kä pi assäsa-mattä laddhä found ( 4 ) like, some relief ~ PvA 104 (may be =mattü f. ). Just as, what is called, one may sav ( ( ) 色 ( 、 n untranslate- able) : sita0-kärar.1ä just because he snfiled VvA 68 ; bhesajJa-n attä pitä I have taken ・ (licine D 205 ( =mattä f. つ 0k s - つ 9 ()t ・ ) permission Sn p. 94 : putta0 like children A Ⅱ . ロ 4 : (almost) dead M 1.86 : attano nattumatte vandanto I)hA IV 78. f. - ( 5 ) as adv. (usuallv matti ( =mattin つ see mätuo. in oblique cases) : even at, as soon as, because Of. Often with other particles, like api, eva, pi. yeva : vuttamatt( 、 eva as soon as said DhA I. 33 ( ) ; cintitamatte at the mere thought DhA 1.326 ; na1J jätamattao yeva as soon as he was born PVA 195 : anurnodana-mattena because of being pleased PvA 12 1 : upanitamattam eva as soon as it was bought PvA 192 : ntmujjana-matte yeva as soon as she ducked her head under PvA 47. but even PvA eva not only mattena 18 (). m. nipphalä, attano dänaphalassa bhägino eva honti). Matta2 [pp. of madati) intoxicated (with), full of joy about ( - 。 ) , proud Of, conceited Sn 889 (mänena m ・ ) : J IV. 4 (vedanä0, full 0f pain, perhaps bettcr with v. l. opatta for Omatta) : VvA 1 58 (hatthi matto el( 、 phant in rut) : DhA 1V.24 (id. ) ; PvA 47 (surä0), 86 (mäna-mada0), 280 (bhoga-mada0) ・ -käsini see äsini. Mattaka (adj. ) [fr. matCal] 1. of the size of Sdhp 238 2. only as much as. mere D I. 12 (appao, (päni0) ・ ora0, sila0) : J Ⅳ .228 (mana0) ; DhA IV. 178 (pitu- mattakao gahetvä). Mattatta (nt. ) [abstr. fr. matta] (the fact (f) consisting of, . PvA 199 (maosa-pesi0) ・ or being only M8ttä (). ) [Vedic m 計ね , of mä] measure, quantity, right measure, moderation Sn 971 (mattao SO jaläfiä) ; Dh I. 35 (mattä ti parnänarj vuccati). ーー Abl. mattaso in 0kärin d0ing in moderation, d0ing moderately Pug 37 ( = pamä- ln cpds ・ nena padesa-mattam eva karonti ti). shortened to matta . -atthiya (mattatthiya = oatthika) desirous Of modera- tion, moderate Th 1 , 922. - u knowing the right measure, moderate, temperate (bhojane or bhojanamhi in eating) A 11.40 ; Sn 338 : Pug 25 : Dh 8. Cp. jäga- riyä. - u ね moderation ()n eating) D III. 2 1 3 : Nd1 483 : Dh 185 : Pug 25 : Vbh 249 , 3 ⅸ ) ; Dhs 1348 : DhA -sukha (metri causå : mattä—sukha) measured Ⅱ .238. happiness, i ・ e. small happiness Dh 290 (cp. DhA 1 Ⅱ・ 449 ) ・ Matti (-sambhava) [for *mäti0 = mätuo = *mätr, after pitti0 = pituo = *pitr] born (from a mother) Sn 620 ( = mätari sambhüta SnA 466 ) = Dh 396 ( = mätu santike udarasmio sambhüta DhA IV. 巧 8 ). M8ttika (adj ・ ) ( 。 - ) [fr. mattikäl made of clay. clay- : only in cpds ・・ -kundala clay earring S 1.79 (). 1. mattikä0). -bhä - jana clay or earthenware vessel Sn 577 : Vism 2 引 (in -väka clay fibre Dh.sA 32 1 comparison) : DhA I. 130. (). 1. 0takka, perhaps gloss=takku spindle, see takkal). Mattikä (). ) (cp. Vedic mrttikä, der. fr. Vedic mrt (mrd) soil, earth, clay : with P. manda. Sk. vimradati. Gr. 入伐あ 0 soft, Osil. mylsna dust, G0th. mulda. Ags ・ molde (). mould, mole = mouldwarp). to same root mrd as in Sk. mrdu =Lat. mollis soft. Gr. ( “入レ tO weaken, Sk. mardati & mrdnäti tO crush. powder, Caus. mardayati : also in cognate 0mld a.s appearing in Gr. 再入き tO melt =Ags meltan, Ohg. smölzan] t• clay

Posit a P ( - 。 ) (adj ・ ) [ 仕 . poseti) thriving (on), nourished by cp. ール T % な 111.169. See phusati2. ~ i をⅡり at Vin Ⅱ .151 stands for ph si 加り“ to sprinkle, ” (udaka0). ~ i ね [pp ・ of poseti] nourished, fed Cp. Ⅱ 1.3 VvA 173 476 Ph arusa Caus ・ posäpeti. Ⅱ L467 : Nd2 36 ; Vism 305 ; VvA ー 38 , 299 ・一 - pp ・ si ね . careof, ieed, keepVin L269 : SI.181 : AI.117; J 1 34 : ・を i 叫 ] tO nourish. support, 100k after, bring up, take 220 (däraO) : DA 1.2 ー 9. Vin 6 : D 1.75 : S 8 : Sn 65 (anahåa0 cp. Nd* 36 ). Ph. Phcggu [in form = Vedic phalgu (small, feeble). but in meaning different] a special period Of fasting M I. 39 = DA I は 39. See also pheggu ・ & Phaggu1.1i (). ) [cp. Vedic phälguna & 0i] N ・ Of a month (Feb. 1 5th—March 15 山 ) , marking the begin- ning 0f Spring ; always with ref. to the spring full moon, as phagguqa-puqqamä at Vism 4 1 8 ; phaggupi J I. 86. ~ a [cp. Epic Sk. phana) the hood of a snake Vin 1.9 ー (0hatthaka, with hands like a snake's hood) ; J 111.347 (patthata0) : DhA 111.231 ( 。リ ukkhipitvä) : IV. 133. Freq. as phaqao katvä (only thus, in ger. ) raising or spreading its h00d, with spread hOOd J II. 274 ; VI. 6 ; Vism 399 : DhA II. 257 ・ Ph8Q8ka Cfr. phaqa] an instrument shaped like a snake's hood, used to smooth the hair Vin Ⅱ .107. Phaqijj8ka [etym. ? ] a kind of plant, which is enumd at Vin IV. 35 =DA I. 81 as one of the aggabija. i. e. plants propagated by slips or cuttings, together with ajjuka & hirivera. At J VL536 the C. gives bhütanaka as expla. According t0 ChiIders it is the plant Samirana. Phandati [spand, cp. Gr. びのり to twitch, 0 0 切 violent : Lat. pendeo ・ pend " i. e. hang down, cp. pendulum : Ags. finta tail, lit. mover, throbber] 1. to throb, palpitate D 1.52 =M I. 404 , cp. DA 1. 巧 9 ; Nd1 46. 2. tO twitch, tremble, move, stir J 11.234 : VI. 1 13 ()f fish wriggling when thrown on land). ーー Caus. II. phandäpeti t0 make throb D L52 =M 1.4 ( ) 4 ・ - ー PP phandita (). v. ). Cp. pari0, vi0, sam0. The nearest synonym is calati. Phandana [fr. phandati, cp. Sk. spandana] 1. (adj.. ) throbbing, trembling. wavering Dh 33 (phandanao capalao cittao) : J VL528 (0mäluvä trembling creepcr) : DhA I. 50 (issao throbbing with envy). a tree Dalbergia (aspen ? ) A I. 202 : J IV. 208 sq. : Miln 3. (nt. ) throb, trembling, agitation, quivering 173 ・ J VI.7 (Omattao not even one throb : cp. phandita) : Nd1 46 (taohä etc. ). Phandanä (). ) [fr. phandatil throbbing. agitation, move- ment. motionSnA245(calanä十 ) ; DA I. ロ Nett88C. cp. iijanä・ Phandita ()t ・ ) ゆ p ・ 0f phandatil throbbing. flashing : throb M 日 .24 (0mattä“ by his throbbings only ” ) : pl. phan&ltäni “ vapourings," imaginings Vbh 3 (where VbhA 3 only says “ phandanato phanditao ' ' ) cp ・ B ″れ 344 ・ Phanditatt8 (nt. ) [abstr. fr. phandita) =phandanä S v. 3 巧 ( =iijitatta). Phara.oa (adj ・ -nt. ) [fr. pharati] 1. (adj. ) pervading. suffused (with), quite full (of) MiIn み 45. 2. (nt. ) pervasion, suffusion, thrill J L82 (0samattha metta ・ citta) ; Nett 89 (piti0 etc.. as m. , cp ・ pharanatä) : DhsA ー 66 (0piti all-pervading rapture, permeating zest : cp. piti pharaoatä). ー - Cp. anu0. Pharaoak8 (adj ・ ) [fr. pharaoa] thrilling, suffusing, pervad- ing, filling with rapture VvA 16 (dvädasa yojanäni pabhO sarira-vaqno). (). ) [abstr. fr. pharaoa] suffusion, state of being pervaded (with), only - 。 in set 0f 4 - f0 旧 suffusion, viz. piti0 0f rapture, sukhaO Of restful bliss, cet00 0f [tele- pathic] consciousnss, älOka0 0f light, D Ⅱを 277 : PS I. 48 : Vbh 334 ; Nett 89. Pharati [ 30 Ⅱー & sphar, same root as in Gr. pa.i tO twitch : Lat. sperno “ spurn ' ' lit. kick away : Ags. speornan t0 kick : spurnan = spur) I. (trs. ) tO pervade, permeate, fill, suffuse Pv I. 1014 ( =vyäpetvä titthati PvA 52 ) : J 1.3 戸 (sakala-sarirao) ; v. 64 (). for paväti) ; PvA 14 ( ok sa リ ). 2 76 (obhäsao). TO excite or stimu- late the nerves 」 v. 293 (rasa-haraoiyo khobhetvä phari : see under 「 a ). ーー Often in standard phrase mettä-sahagatena cetasä ekao (dutiyao etc. ) disao pharitvä viharati D II コ 86 : S v. い 5 and passim, where pharitvä at Vism 308 =VbhA 377 is expld by phusitväärammanao katvä. Cp. BSk. ekao disä0 spharitvopasampadya viharati MVastu I Ⅱ .2 ー 3. AISO in phrase pitiyä sarirao pharati (aor. phari) t0 thrill the body with rapture, e. g ・ J I ・ 33 ; v ・ 494 : DhA Ⅱ . い 8 ; 2. [in this meaning better tO be derived from 1 V. 102. sphar tO spread, expa•nd, cp. pharita & phälita] tO spread. make expand J I. 82 (metta-cittao phari). 3 ・ [prob. of quite a diff. origin and only taken t0 pharati by pop ・ analogy, perhaps t0 奴 81 = s 8 t0 split ; thus katth'- atthao pharati = tO be split up for fuel] tO serve as, only with 0atthao in phrases ähäratthao ph. (after next phrase) t0 serve as f00d Miln 152 : katthatthao ph. tO serve as fuel A Ⅱ .95 = S III. 93=lt I. 482 ; khä- (laniyatthao & bhojaniyattharj ph. tO serve as eatables Vin I. 201 ()O tO be read in preference tO 0atta1J) ・一一 - pp ・ pharita. phurita & phuta ー cp. also phuttha ; see further anuo, . Ph [cp. Vedic paraßu = Gr. : on P >Ph cp ・ prk. pharasu & parasu. Pischel Gr. 208 : Geiger. Gr• 40 ] hatchet, axe A 111•162 : J I コ 99. 399 : Ⅱ・ 4 し 9 : v. 5 ( ) ( ) : DhA Ⅱ .204 : PvA 277. The spelling parasu occurs at S v. 441 & J III コ 79 ・ Pharita ()p ・ 0f pharati] 1• being pervaded or permeated 2. spread (out) J Ⅵ .284 (by) VvA 68 (mettäya). (kittisaddo sakala-loke ph. ). - ー Cp. phuttha & phälita. Pharusa (adj. ) [cp. Vedic on Ph. >P see pharasu. on attempt at etvm. cp. Walde, ん . Ⅳル . s. v. fario] (lit. ) rough Pv II. 41. 2. (fig. ) harsh. unkind. rough ()f speech) Vin Ⅱ .29 ) (canda 十 ) : Pv Ⅱ .34 ・ J v. 296 : Kvu 6 ー 9. ln combn with väcä we find bOth pharusa-väcä and pharusä-väcä D 1.4, 138 : III. 69 sq ・ . ー 73. 232 : M I. 42 ()n this and the same uncertainty as regards pisuvä-väcä see Trenckner, at M L530 ). pharusa vacana rough speech PvA 巧 , 55.83. 3. cruel pv IV. (kamma=daruoa PVA 265 ).

Avakaddhati Avaka"hati は v ュ十 kaddhati 、 cp. avakassati & apakassati) Nett 4 (avakaddhayitvä). I 、 ass. avakaddhati J Ⅳ .4 ー 5 (hadayat) me ュ . my hcart is weighed down soke.na avakaddhiyati C; v. 1. avakassati). pp ・ avakaddhi ね . Avaka"hita [pp ・ 0 「 avakad(.lhati) pulled down, dragged away l)hA 日 I. ー 95. Avakata = apakata, v. l. lt 89. Avakanta [for *avakatta, Sk. avak!tta; pp ・訂 avakantati, see kanta2J cut, cut open,cut 0 価 J Ⅳ .25 ! ( g 心 ak•・ kara いリ ) ・ Avakantati & okantati (okk0) 「 cp ・ Sk. avak! ・ ntati,ava 十 kantati, cp. also apakantati] tO cut 0 cut out, cut away, (ava:) J Ⅳ・ 155 ・ pp. avakanta & avakantita. carve Avakantita [pp ・ of avakantatij cut out 1 嶂 A 213. Avakappanä & okappanä (). ) [ava 十 kappanä] prepara- tion, fixing up, esp ・ harnessing J 、 L408. Av ・ akaroti [Sk. apak 0 ⅱ 1 cp. P. apa0] tO put down", tO despi.se, throw away ; only in der, avakära & avakärin. pp. avakata (). v See alSO aväkaroti & cp. avakil ・ ati 2. A 、 yakassati & okassati [cp. Sk. avakarsati, ava 十 ; see 引 so apakassati & avakaddhati] to drag down, い draw Ot• away, distract, relnove. A v. 74 = Vin 日 .204 ( 十 vavakassati). Avakärakao (adv. ) 「朝 . れ v k 司 throwing away, scattering bou 【 Vin 日 .214. Avakärin (adj ・ ) ( ー。 ) [ 伝 . ュ v k a 」 despising, degrading, neglecting Vbh 393 sq ・ (an Avakäsa & Okäsa い v 十 käé to shine, cp. Sk. れ k 心司 appearance" : akkhuddåvakäso dassanäya not little ( 師 inferior) to behold ()f appearance) I) I. い 4 ; ariyävakäsa appearing noble or having the app ・ of an Aryan 」 V. 87 ; katåvakäsa put into appearance Vv 229. 2 ・ op - portunity' k ュは。 given leave I) 丘 276 Sn ー 030 ; anava- käsakärin not giving occasion Miln 383. anavakäsa not having a chance 0 「 opportunity い 0 happen), impos- sible ; alway.s in ster. phrase atthänal) etao anavakä.so Vin ⅱ 99 ; A L26 ; v ヨ 69 ; Pug い , 12; PvA 28. Avakirati & okirati [ava 十 kirati] to pour down on, tO pour out 0 e 【 ; aor. avakiri PvA 86 ; ger. Okiritvä 2. tO cast out, re 」 ect, throw out ; or. aväkil ・ i v は 44 ・ Vv 305 ーー 485 ( v. !. 0kari; VvA 26 expls by chaddesi vinä- Pass. avakiriY4ti Pv Ⅱ :. 0 ← = chaddiyati P 、 'A se.Sl 174 ) ; grd. 0kiriya (see sep. ). See also apakiritüna. pp ・ okinna. Avakiriya [grd 0 「 avakirati] be cast out or 山【 own away ; rejectable, 10W1 contemptible J v 靆 43 (taken by C. as ger ・ avakil ・ itvå). Avakujja (adj. ) [ava 十 kujja, cp. B. Sk. a 、 'akubja M Vastu 29 , avakubjaka ibid. 2 ー 3 ; Ⅱ・ 4 ー 2 ] face downward, head firs% prone, bent ov び (opp. ukkujja & uttäna ) J い 3 = Bu 圧 52 ; J v. 295 ; Ⅵ・ 40 ; Pv Ⅳ靆 ; PvA ー 78. (adj. ) one whose reason is turned upside down (like an upturned pot, i ・ e ・ empty) A ーは 30 ; Pug 3 ー adhomukha-patiräa Pug A 2 ー 4 ) ・ Avakkanta ( ーー。 ) [pp ・ ofnext] entered by, beset with, over- whelmed by (instr. ) S Ⅱ L69 (dukkha0, sukhao and n 。 ) ・ Åvakkanti ( 「 ) [ f 「 . avakkamati] entry, appearance, coming down into, opportunity 応「 rebirth S ル 66 (nämarüpassa); 日 L46 (paöcanna り indriyäna り ); Pug ー 3 ( = okkantinil)batti pätubhävo PugA 184 ) ; Kvu ー 42 (nämarüpassa); Miln ロ 3 (gab し hassa) ・ Avakkama [ 「「 . avakkamati] entering, appearance J v ・ 330 (gabbhassa). J Avacaraka Avakkamati & okkamati い十 kamati fi ・ . kram) to ap ・ l-n•oach. tO enter, go intO or near to, to 信Ⅱ into, appear in, only in ger. (poeticaliy) avakamma J Ⅲ .480 い .1. apa0) ・ Avakkära [Sk. avaskara faeces, 伝 . v り十 karoti] throwing away, refuse sweepings ; only in cpd ・ päti a bowl for refuse, slop basin, ash-bin Vin I. 巧 7 , 352 い 1.216 ; M L207 ; 1)hA L305. AvakkhaIita (pp. of avakkhaleti, caus. 訂 k 薈引 ] washed 0 taken away frotn, dett ・ acted DA i. 66 ( v. 1. apa0) ・ Avakkhitta & okkhitta [pp. 0 「 avakkhipati] 1. avakiipta] thrown down, fiung down, cast down, dropped; thrown out, rejected. (ava : ) M L296 (ujjhita 十 ) ; I)A L28 ー 。 ) ) 289 (piuda); PvA ー 74 ( p ⅲ 4 の . 2. [ = Sk. utk$pta ? ] thrown 0 gained, produced, go 【 ()p ・ uppädita), in phrase sed) åvakkhitta gained by sweat A Ⅱ .67 ; Ⅱ k45 ・ Avakkhipati & okkhipati いⅧ十 khipati ; cp ・ Sk. Ⅷ - ksipati] t0 throw down or out, cast down, drop ; fig ・ usually appld t0 the eyes 【 0 cast down, hence trans- ferred tO the Other senses and used in meaning Of tO keep undcr, tO restrain, [ 0 have control over ” (cp. 1S0 avakkhäyati) 、 or. Okhipi I)A L268 ( し hu り , v. 1. avakkhasi). Avakkhipana ()t ・ ) [ 「「 . avakkhipati] throwing down, putting down J 1.163. Avagacchati [ava 十 gacchati) t0 come い , approach, visit (cp. Vedic avagacchati) PvA 87. Avagaq4a (-käraka) (adj. ) [ava 十 g 。 ] "making ユ swelling ” 1 し e. puffing 0 瞰 the cheeks' stuffing the cheeks, fuil (when eating); only nt. as adV. after the manner in 日 .214 ; ー V 96. or in the way Of stuffmg etc. Avagata [pp ・ 0 「 avagacchati] at PvA 222 is uncertain reading; the meaning is known, understood ” (aiälääta Pv Ⅳ . I 日 ) ; perhaps we should read ävikata 0 【 adhigata ()o v. 1. BB). Avagähati & ogähati [ava 十 gähati] to plunge 。「 enter into, t0 be absorbed in (acc. & 10C. ) Vism 678 (vipas ・ sanävithi1));Sdhp 3701 383 ・ AvaguQthana (adj ・ ) ( ー。 ) [ 圧 oguv!heti] covering Sdhp 3 ー 4 ・ Avaggaha [Sk. avagraha] hindrance, impediment, u•sed I)A 】・ 95 syn. 応「 drought (dubut!hikä). Avanga see apanga ・ Avaca (adj. ) [der. 「 r. after the analogy 0 「 ucca> ut] 10W1 0Dly in combn ・ uccåvacä (pl.) high and low, see ucca. KvuA 38. Avacana (nt. ) [a 十 vacana] non-word", i. e. the wrong word or expression I. 4 ー 0. (). —adj. ) [ava 十 car, also BSk. avacara in Avacara ( 一一 same sense, e ・ g. antahpuråvacarä the inmates Of the harem Jtm 210 ] い ) (adj ・ ) living ⅲ or with, moving in D L206 (santikao one whO stays near, companion); g. dealing 0 「 familiar with, at home in A Ⅱ靆 89 (atakkaO) ・Ⅳ .3 ー 4 ) ; J L60 (tälao one conversant With music, a mu- (parisä0 Ⅱ・ 95 (sangäma0) ; Miln 44 (id. and SiCian, see (b) (). ) sphere ( 0 「 moving or activity), realm, yog ) ・ plane ( 0 「 temporal existence); only as t. t. in kämåvacara rupåvacara arüpävacara 0 【 the 3 realms 0 「 sense-desires, form and non - 「 0 「 m : käma0 D I. 34 (0deva); Dhs 43 ー (as adj. ) ; rüpao Pug 37 ; arüpaO Pug 38 ; Ps L83 , 84 , ー 0 い Dhs A 387 ; PvA ー 381 3 ; to beomittedin Dhs ー 268 , ー 278. Avacaraka & ocaraka (adj. ー n. ) [ 伝 . avacara] 1.0 y in cpd. kämåvacarika as adj. tO kämåvacara , belonging tO the sphere 0 「 sense experiences, Sdhp. 254 ・ 2. Late form 0 「 ocaraka, spy, only in C. on Th ら 3 ー 5 価 . quoted in 方なな一 891 n 3 ・ Occurs in BSk (Divy ー 27 ) ・

736 4. HOW TO JUDGE THE DICTIONARY. ( の I have already given a fairly exhaustive list 0f abbreviations. TO these might added a good many more if we were writing a dictionary for lnexperienced OPle. The less explanations necessary in a dictionarv, the better : it should explain itself; and if there are any little things not intelligible at first, they will become so with gradual use. A dictionary is like a friend with whom you have t0 get thoroughly acquainted before you come t0 know his peculiarities. A dictionary can t00 explicit : it will then 1 e its charm and become tedious. lt must contain a certain amount 0f hints, instead Of ready solutions ; the more it arouses the cunosity (and sometimes the anger ! ) 0f its user, the better it is for the latter. The main purpose 0f the dictionary is t0 explain ; it is a means 0f education as well as 0f information. TO this category long the (sometimes objected (0) grammatical and etymological hints. I am aware that they are incomplete and sometimes perhaps problematic, but that does not matter SO much in a ゑ s 多 0 dictionary. lt does our students good t0 get a little etymology thrown in once in a while. lt makes them interested in the psychology 0f language, and teaches them the wide range 0f sound changes, besides making them aware 0f their study as a thing that has alive and through a process 0f 確ル We are still at a stage 0f Päli philology, where we can hardly get enough 0f that kmd 0f thing. ( の The following are a few additional explanations concerning the use 0f the Dictionary. —ln the Jataka quotations I have not distinguished between the and the co 砌 (J and (A). That is rather a pity ; but it was my colleague's wish. We might also have kept the index figures 0f lines, it is sometimes very diffcult t0 find a word in the small-print C. portions 0f the J, b00 . ー Diffcult forms, although belonging t0 some one verb in question, I have given separately, as a help for the student. ・—The Causatives have undergone a mixed treatment : sometimes they are given under the simple verb, especially when their f0 ロ was not different, sometimes separately, when their form was unusual. —The problem 0f the derivation 0f Päli words is not cleared yet. We have interchanged between the PäIi and the Sanskrit derivations. —An asterisk with Sanskrit words (*Sk. ) means that the word is late and found only in technical literature, i. e. either gram. -lexic. (like a 「 a ) , or pro- fessional (like Suéruta). —For convenience' sake we have identified the guttural with the dental n. The cerebral い 0 Ⅱ ows upon 1. ー P. D. refers to Päli Dictionary. (c) Many 0f the Dictionary's faults are t0 be excused by the fact that its composition covers a number Of years, and that printing was going on all the time (a great drawback for the unity 0f the work ! ) , so that changes could not made in earlier parts, which were found advisable later. Here long : 1. R00ts 2. Cross-references are not and compounds cropped up which are not foreseen in the beginning ・ 3. There exists a certain inaccuracy in the relation between words lEginning with ava always exact. and 0 。 . At first these were treated jointly, but later separated. 4. Several mistakes were found in Rhys Davids' excerpts later and are, like others which I have corrected (see e. g. veyyävacca), t0 explained by lack 0f material, or by Rhys Davids being misled through Childers. ー 5. Many explanations are only tentative 、 I would change them now, but refrain from discussing them in the ・・ Addenda,' since t00 many 0f these confuse rather than enlighten the student. TO these 反 long e. g. nibbedha and vipaficita (which ought t0 viyafijita). ー 6. lt could hardly avoided that, in the course 0f the work, a problem has presented itself with different solutions at different times, SO that discrepancies have ansen With one and the same word. These cases, however, are rare. ( の Now. after all this, what is the Dictionary, and what does it claim t0 ? First 0f all, it is meant t0 a dictionary 0f Classical and Litera1Y Päli. Words only found in native vocabularies (the Abhp e. g. ) are left out, as they are only Päli adaptations 0f Sanskrit words (mostly lexicographical : sanna- kaddu= sannakadru, Am. K. only). Nor are we concerned with lnscriptions. Thus it is intended as a general stock-taking 0f the Päli Canon, and a revision 0f all former suggestions 0f translations. lt essentially a working basis for further study and improvement. The main 0bject has been t0 bnng as much material as possible tO serve future work, and this in a clear and attractive form. Many words remain doubtful. We have given them with Buddhaghosa's interpretation, which may right and which may be wrong. There are some words 0f which we shall never know the exact meaning, Just as it is diffcult even in modern times tO know the exact meaning Of, say, an English or German dialect word.l 1 Other specific terms with a " doctrinal ” import are best left untranslated, since we are unable to translate them with ou 「 Western Christian terminology. See remarks under sankhära and cp. Mrs. Rhys Davids in K. S. III. , preface p ・ v ・

A F T E R W 0 R D . I. DICTIONARY 、 MORK. IT had tmn my intention at the end 0f the work t0 give a full account 0f Päli lexicography, its history and aims, but as the Dictionary itself has already e 取 protracted more than 0thers and I have wished, I have, ln order t0 save time and tO bring the work t0 a finish, tO reserve a detaiJed discussion 0f the method 0f dictionary work for another occa.sion, and outline• here only the essentials Of what seems tO me worth mentioning at all events. When Rhys Davids in 1916 entrusted me with the work, he was still ho f 猷 and optimistic about it, in spite 0f the failure 0f the first Dictionary scheme, and thought it would take only a few years t0 get it done. He seemed to think that the material which was at hand (and the value which he greatly overrated) could got ready for press with very little troubie. Alas ! it was not SO. For it was not merely and not principally a rearrangement and editing Of ready : it was creative and re-creative work from beginning to end, building an intellectual ()o t0 say ” 0 4 ツの edifice on newly sunk founda- tions and fitting all the larger and smaller ( んん記” 4 勀 4 4 ん ) accessqries into their places ・ This was not to done in a hurry, nor in a leisureJy way. lt was a path which often led through jungle and thicket, over stones and sticks : " vettäcäro sankupatho pi c ⅱ岬 0 " (J I Ⅱ .541 ) ・ On the road many allurements beset me ⅲ the shape of カ′ I ど s which cropped up, whether they referred to questions of grammar, syntax, phonology. or etymology ; or literature, philosophy, and Buddhist psychology. I had t0 state them merely as problems and collect them, but I dared not stand still and familiarize with them. Thus much material has been left as ・・ chips from the dictionary workshop. These I hope I shall some day find an opportunity of working out. For the first part of the way I had t0 a great extent the help and guidance 0f my teacher and friend Rhys Davids ; but the second half I had t0 go quite a]one. —Fate did not spare him tO see the work right through. I am sure he would not have been less glad than myself t0-day t0 see the task finished. lt happens that with the completion 0f the P. T. S. Dictionary, the s ど co れイ dictionary 0f Päli, we celebrate the fiftieth anniversary 0f the appearance 0f the / Päli Dictionary by R. C. Childers. That work was a masterpiece Of its time, and still retains some Of its merits. 0 町 dictionary will not altogether replace Childers, it wili supplement him. The character 0f Childers' Dictionary is SO different from 0 町 s , there is such an enormous discrepancy between the material which he had for his work and which we had for ours, that it would almost be a farce t0 recast Childerse We needed something entirely difierent and original. Childers has now only historical value. Considering that Childers has no references t0 any of the P. T. S. pubiicationsy and that the Päli Dictionary embl ・ aces all the material 0f these publications a.s well as Of others, we may well speak 0f an entirely new dictionary. which is essential for the study of PäIi Buddhism 丘 om its S04 お , a task which can never accomplished with C•hilders alone. 1 Yet it may と interesting to compare merely on the surface the tWO dictionaries. The " new ' ' Päli Dictionary contains 146 , 000 authentic references against some 38 , 500 0f Childers ()f which 0 y half are authentic) : the number of head-words treated amounts to I ? , 920 against I I , 420 , after omitting in ours about words which Childers gives with an Abhp reference only. Anyb0dy will admit that substantial progress is evidenced by these figures. ー ln this connection I may quote a remark by competent critic ( M 「 . E. J. Thomas), who says : " Rhys Davids wanted to make t 嶽 0 Påli Dictionary ・ twice as good as C 屋 lde . ' but it is far mo 代 than that. ・ 734