Vimäna 631 book. From this point 0f view we have to judge Mhvs ー 4 , 58 : Petavatthuo Vimänan ca sacca-saoyuttao eva ca desesi thero 2. The がれ 5 of the Vimänas are in the most exuberant terms. The palaces (kingdoms ⅲ miniature) are Of go 旧 , crystal or exquisite jewels, their pillars are studded with gems, their glittering roofs are peaked with 700 pinnacled innumerable ” VVA turrets (VvA 244 , 289 : also as 188. or 1 8 , 000 Ap. 63 ). Surrounded are these towering (ucca) mansions by lovely, well-planned gardens, the paths 0f which are sprinkled with gold dust : they are fu!! 0 { wishing-trees. granting every desire. There is a variety Of stätely trees. bearing heavenly flowers & fruit. swaying p,ently in delicious breezes. LOtus po ds with C00 ] waters invite t0 refreshing baths : a host Of birds mix their songs with the strains Of cymbals and lutes, played by heavenlv musicians. Angelic maidens perform their dances, filling the atmosphere with a radiant light which shines from their bodies. Peace and happiness reign everywhere, the joys Of such a vimäna cannot be expressed in words. This elysium lasts f0 て aeons (cira-fthitika Vv 801 , kappa-t!häyin Th し 1190) ; in short it is the mo.st heavenly paradise which can be For a monograph 0f vimäna the Vimäna irnagined. Vatthu and its Commentary should in the first place 3. The ん 4 地 s Of the Vimänas are be consulted. usually happy persons ()r アな為々んな 5 . ・ see Stede. P. ル 5 れ 39-4 i), called devatä, wh0 have attained tO such an exalted state through their 0 駅 rn merit ( 4 see fO Ⅱ . 4 ). ー - Departed souls whO have gone through the Peta- stage are frequently such devas ()t Vv 1 72 called pubba- devatä). That these are liable t0 semi-punishment and semi-enjoyment is often emphasized, and is founded on the character of their respective kamma : J I. 240 (vimäna-petiyo sattähao sukhao anubhavanti, sattähao J v. 2 (vemänika-peta-bhavena-kammassa dukkhao) , sarikkhako vipäko ah0Si ・ i. e. by night pleasures; by day tortures) : cp. Pv Ⅱ . 12 (see Stede, G おのた g お訪え ~ ぉ P に既 up. 106 ) , 日 1. 78 ; PvA 204.210. & Divy p. 9. Expressions for these “ mixed ” devatås who are partly blessed. part)y cursed are e. g. : vimäna- petaPvA ー 45 コ 48 , 2 れ , 275 ; f. vimäna-peti PVA 152 ロ 60 , 186 , 】 ) : vimäna devatä PvA 190 : vemänika-peta J v. 2 : PvA 244 : DhA リ 1. ー 92 ()s powerful. by the side 0f näga.s & supaqnas). ln their appearance they are like beautiful human beings, dressed in yellowish (pita. expld as “ golden ' robes (cp. the angels ⅲ the oldest Christian apocalyptic literature : on their relatlon t0 HeIIenic ideas see e. g. A. Dieterich, Ⅳア , Leipzig 1903 , pp. 10-18 , 29 : red & white the colours Qf the )and of the blesscd). with gold and silver as complementary outfit in per.son and surroundings. Thus throughont the Vimäna Vatthu, esp. Nos. 36 & 47 (pita-vimäna). Their splendour is 0ften likened t0 that of the moon or of the morning star. 4. 0 g 朝 of Vimänas. A vimäna / なお in the “ other world ' (paraloka) at the instant of somebody doing good (even during the lifetime of the doer) and waits for the entry of the owner : DhA 111.291 sq. ln the description of the ⅵ m 巨れ & 0f the näga-king (J Ⅵ .3 巧 =Vv 8 2 ) it is said on this subject : a vimäna is obtained neither without a cause (adhicca), nor has it arisen in the change Of the seasons, nor is it self-made (sayankata), nor given by the gods, but ( sakehi kammehi apäpakehi punnehi laddha " (). e. ' on by 0 、 n sinless & meritorious deeds). Entering the Vimäna-paradise is. analogous tO all semi-lcthal passing over into enchanted conditions in tairy tales, compared with the awakening from sleep ()s in a state 0f trance) : sutta-ppabuddha I)hA 1 Ⅱ . 7. Of the Vimäna itself it is said that it な (pätur ahosi). e. g. VvA 188 : DhA l. ロ or 0 5 お (uggaåc.hi) DhA 日 29 VvA 22 : . 5. 00 れ Of the Vimänas. The “ virnäna ” is an individual paradisiacal state. Therefore vimänas az e not definitelv んなイ“ EIysian Fields. ” They are ar.ywhere ()n 信 world as well as Vimäna in the お 0 れの . but certain places are more favourable for their establishment than Others. Thus we may state that 住「 ' 0 Ⅳ they are found in the neighbour- hOOd Of 別 . Thus eithor in the 00 伊は」声せ såga- rasmio Th I , 1190 : samudda-majjhe PvA 47 ) , where access is possible only through adventures after ship- 、 vreck or similar causes (). IV.I sq. , PV IV.I ー ) : or at one or the Other Of the great んお Of the Himavant ()v IT. 12 ). They are in out-of-the-way places ( “ end of the world ” ) : they are also found ⅲ the 盟〃川お 5 . ・ Vv 84 : Pv ー v. 3 第 . As tree-vimänas with rukkha-devatä inhabitants they occur e. g. at J Ⅱ I. 0 : v. 502 : Pv 1.9 ; Ⅱ .9 : PVA 244. Very 0ften they are phantas- magorical castles ⅲ the 4 ル . By special power 0f their inhabitants they may be transported tO any place at will. This faculty Of transference is combined with the ability Of extremely swift motion (compared to the speed 0f thought : manojava). Thus a golden palan- quin is suspended in mid-air above a palace at VvA 6 (äkäsa-cärin, sigha-java). They are said t0 be k - tthänäni J Ⅵ . い 7 ; SnA 222 , 370 (but the palace 0f the Yakkha Ålavaka is bhumma-ttha, i. e. stands 0 the ground. and is described as fortified : SnA 222 ). The place 0f a (flymg) vimäna may be taken by various conveyances : a chair, an elephant. ship, bed. litter etc. Or the location Of it in the Other world is in the Cittalatävana ()v ・ 37 ). or the Päricchattaka tree ()v 38 ) , or in the Cåtummahäräjika-bhavana (VvA 331 ). Later on. when the theory 0f meritorious deities (or departed souls raised t0 special rank) vemänikä devä was established, their abode was 盟ん their vimänas settled among the T ク (). g. VvA ー 88. 幻 7 , 22 し 24 289 ; DhA 111.291 ) , or in the T 豆 heaven. Thus Tusita-pura interchanges with Tusita-vimana at DhA Ⅱ . 208. The latter occurs e. g. at DhA I. 173 , 2 ー 9. 6. The われど st ・ 0 5 Of the Vimänas are Of course enor- mouss but harmonious (being “ divine ' ' ) , i. e. either Of equal extent in a11 directions, or specially proportioned with significant 剏′ s. Of these the f011. may be mentioned. The typical numbers Of greatest frequency are 12 , 16 , 30. 700 , in connection with yojana. The dimensions, with ref. to which 12 & 16 are used, are length, width. height, & girth. whereas 700 applies usually tO the height (DhA III 291 e. g. , where it is said to be “側 700 ! ' ) , and the number Of turrets (see above 2 ). At VvA 267 (satta-yojana-pamäoo ratho) NO. 7 is used for 700 ; NO. 30 (extent) is found e. g. at DhA 1.7 : ThA 55 : NO. ー 2 e. g. at J Ⅵ . い 6 : DhA Ⅱ L291 : VvA 6. 217 , 221 , 244 , 246. 291 sq. : No. ー 6 at VvA ー 88 , 7. Vimänas of s 鉢 and 00 ル A peculiar 289. (late ? ) idea is that sun and moon have their vimänas (cp. Vedic ratha = sun). There are only very few passages in the post-canonical b00 mentioning these. The idea that the cele.stial bodies な vimånas ( “ immense chariots in the shape 0f open hemispheres ” Kirfel. K05 川 og カん・ど dey わ p. 282 ) is essentially Jainistic. S ・ e on いⅲ Vimänas in general Kirfel. 1. c. pp. 7 -9 , 292 -300. —ln the Päli Com. we find SnA 7. ー 88 (canda-vimänao bhinditvä =breaking up the moon's palace. i. 0. the moon itself) : and DhA 日 L99 (candima- suriyä vimänäni gahetvä atthaosu). 8. Other terms for vimåna, and 5 クど C ー ca 0 5. Var. Other expressions are used more frequently for マⅱれえれ a general. Among these are ratha (see above ー a) : nagara ()V 日 . ロ ) ; pura (see above 5. as tusitaO) : päsäda; either as dibbao (DhA 111.291), or varao (VvA ー 30 ). or vimänao (VV 3 卩 ). ・一 The vimänas aro specified as deva-vimäna " heavenly palace, ” e. g. J 59 : Vism 342 : VvA 173 ; or ()n a still more superlative expre.ssion) brahma- vimäna. i. 色 best or most excellent magic palace, highest paradise, e. g. D 1.17 (here perhaps “ palace Of Brahmä” ) : Ⅱれ 28 ( “ abode 0f brahmäs ” Rh. D. ): lt 巧 : Vism ー 08. Tbe latter expression is abbreviated to brahma (nt. ) “ highest. best thing 0f all,' summum bonum. para ・ dise. magic palace : ThA 47 (Ap. v. 6 ) & 55 (Ap.

0Tha 289 Th. 0Tha (0!tha) (adj.-suffix) [from titthati] standing, as opposed t0 cither ・ lying down or moving : located. bcing based OII, foun(ied on (e ・ g ・ appa0 bascd on little 1.14$) : scc kappa0 (lasting k. ), k 第心 (immovablc), gahao (founding a house, househol(ler), (lhamma , nava , (). ) a stand i. e. a place for : vehäsa0 ( = vihan-ga) ・ gottha a stable. Thapana (nt. ) I. setting up, placing. founding : cstablish- ment. arrangcmcnt, position Vin v. ロ 4 : J L99 (aggha ー vi(lhå- fixing prices) ; Miln 352 (pädaC) ; I)A L294 : ( ー 2. lctting alonc, ()mission, rite) : PvA 5 (kulavao.sat ・ ) ・ suspcnsion, in pätimokkha0 Vin 日 .241• Thapanä (). ) I. arrangement I)A 294. 2 : application of mind, attention Pug 18 , Vism 278 ( = appanä) ・ Thapita [pp ・ 0 ー !hapeti 」に placed, put down : set up. arranged, often simply plconastic for finite verb ( = being) : saoharitvä !h. being foidcd up 」 1 ・ 265 (cp. similar use of gahetvä c. ger. ) : mukkhc th. J V1.36() : 0sankära ((lusthcap) I)vA 82 : pariccaJanc !h. appointed for the distribution of gifts PvA ロ 4. 2 ・ suspendcd, left over, set aside Vin II. 242 (pätimokkha). Thapeti 「 Caus. 0f titthati] t0 place, set up. fix, arrange, establish : appoint t0 (). 】 OC. ) : t0 place aside, save, put by. leave out Vin II. 32 (paväraoao), ー 9 ー (ucce & nice thäne to place high or 】 ow ) , 276 (paväranao) : v ヨ 93 (uposathao) 、一 96 (give advice) ; l) 1. に ( ) (leaving out, discarding) : (-)h 4 ( ) (cittao !h. make firm) J 1.62 , リ 8 , 223. 293 (except) ; li コ 32 (puttauhäne 山 . as daughter) ; J Ⅱコ 59 : Ⅵ・ 365 (putting (y) : VvA 63 (kasi1J thapetvä except ploughing); PvA 4 , 2 ( ) (varao thapetvä denying a wish), 39 , 4 (setting (p) : Miln 壗 (thapetvä setting aside, leaving till later). inf. thapetuo Vin コ 94 : PvA 73 (saoharitvä山 . t0 fold up : cp ・ thapita) : grd. !hapetabba J Ⅳ 352 (räjatthäne) : PvA 97 : & thapa- niya ()n pafiha th. a question t0 be left standing over, i. e. not t0 be asked) D 111.229. ger. thapetvä (leaving out. setting aside, excepting) a 0 used as prep. c. acc. (before or after the noun) : with the omission 0f, besides, except D 1.105 (!h. dve) : J I. 179 (marj but ・ for (e), 294 (tumhe !h. ) : II ・ 154 (ekao vaddhao th. ) : Ⅳコ 42 (!h. mao) ; VvA ハ ) 0 (th. eka1J itthiO) ; PvA 93 い h. ma1J). Cp. BSk. sthäpayitvä " except " Avg Ⅱ . い I. ーー Caus. thapäpeti tO cause tO be set up : t0 have erected, tO put up J L266 ; DhA Ⅱコ 9 厩 ↑ na (tthäna) (nt. ) 「 Vedic sthäna, h 鶤 see titthati : cp. I. Co れひ - Sk. sthäman Gr. 0 ァ ag な . Lat. stamen) 行 0 ル As one 0f the 4 iriyäpathä (behaviours) con- trasted (a) as standing position with sitting or reclining , (b) as rest with motion : 2. by itself without particular characterization as location. Ⅱ . 川れⅲ gs ー - い ) 1 ⅲ . ・ place, region, locality, abode, part ( - 。 of, or belonging to)—(a) cattäri thänäni dassaniyäni four places ()n the career 0f Buddha) t0 be visited D II. 140— A II 2 ( ) : väse thäne gamane Sn 40 (expl. by SnA 85 as mahä-upatthäna-sankhäte thäne, but may be referred t0 1.I (b) ) : thänä cäveti t0 remove from one's place Sn 442 : J Ⅳ .138 : PvA 55 (spot Of the (b) kumbha0 (the “ locality of the pitcher," body). i. e. the well) q. v. : araöfia0 (part of the forest) J I ・ 253 : PvA 32 ; niväsana0 (abode) PvA 76 : phäsuka0 J 11 03 : Thäna 1'vA : vasanao J I. ー 5 い , 278 : VvA 66 ; virühanao (place . ) PvA 7 : vihära (placc of his for thc growing of リ ourn) l)vA 22 : sakao (his own al)0(le) 」ⅱ . ロ 9 : PvA (c) ln this meaning it approaches thc phorical sense Of “ condition. statc ” (sec 2 & cp. gati) tidivao in : dibbäni thänäni heavcnly rcgions S I. 2 ー・ S L96 : saggao th ・ happy condition 1•卩 : pitu gatao the place where my fathcr went (after death) l'vA 38 : (d) ln its prcg- Yamassa th. = pettivasaya l)vA 59. nant sense ln combli With accuta & ー (b), i. e. perdurancc, constancy, the connotation I. 2. 月 2 が川れ朝 gs ーー i. e. Nibbäna Vv 5 卩 : Dh225. (a) state, condition ; a ト 0 - 。 ()n sg. ) as collective-abstract suffix in the sense Of being, behaviour (corresponding to E. ending hood, ion, 0 「 ing), where it resembles abstr. formations in 0tä & ottao (Sk. tä & tvao). as lahut- thäna= lahutä & collcct. formations in oti (Sk. daéati ten-hood ; devatäti godhead. sarvatäti = l). sabbattao cornprehensivenes.s : cp. alSO Lat. civitätern. juven- tütem). ーー S L29 (condition) 日 .27 (asabha0)=M 69 : S 111.57 (atasitäyarj fcarlcss state) : A 11. ロ 8 sq. (four l)h リ 7 (dasannarj th. 。 mgac• conditions) , chati he undergoes one 0f the f011. ten conditions, i. c. items of affliction, expld at l)hA II 7 ( ) with kärana 'labours ' ' ) , 3 ( ) 9 (states= dukkhakäranäni DhA Ⅱ工 482 , conditions Of suffering or ordeals) : hattha-pasärana ・ -t!häna condition 0f outstretched hands DhA 298 : 10C. thäne ( - ) when required, at the occasion 0f DhA L89 (hasitabba0, saovegao, dätuo yutta0) : pubbe nibbatta -tthänato patthäya “ since the state ()r the vibhüsana- time) of his former birth い h n ornamentation. decoration. things for adorn- ment I) 1.5 : Sn 59 (I)A 77 superficially : thänao vuccati käranao : SnA ロ 2 simply vibhüsä eva v-tthä- nao) : jüta-pamäda0 (gambling & intoxication) D I. 6 ~ ()p ・ expl. at KhA 26 ) : gatao & ägatao (her) going & pariccägao distribution Of gifts coming J 1 ⅱコ 88 ・ (b) (part= ) attribute, quality, degree : PvA 124. aggasävakao (degree•s ()f discipleship) VvA 2 : esp. in set Of ハ ) attributes. viz. rüpa (etc. ト 5 ) , äyu, vanoa, sukha, yasa, ädhipateyya l) リ 6 : S IV. 275 ; Pv Ⅱ .958 , also collectively [see (a)] as dasatthänao S 1 コ 93 : out of thcse are mcntioned as 4 attributes äyu, vaona, sukha, bala at Vv 327 : other ten at A v. に 9 (päsaosäni). (c) (counter-part= ) object ( - 。 for), thing : item, point : pl. grounds, ways, respects. With a numeral often= a (five)fold collection ()f . S IV. 249 sq ・ ( 5 objects or things, cp. Ger. fiinferlei) ; A 1 Ⅱ .54 sq ・ (id. ), ⅸ ) sq. , sq. : etehi tihi !hänehi on these 3 grounds Dh 224 , manus.sä tihi !hänehi bahuo pufiöao pasavanti : käyena väcäya manasä ()n 3 ways, qualities or properties) A 巧ー sq ・ : cp ・ 11. い 9 sq ・ (=saovutao tihi !hänehi Dh 39D : catuhi thänehi ⅲ Com. equals catuhi äkärehi or käranchi pämujjakaraoao th. (object) Sn 256 : ekaccesu thänesu sameti ekaccesu na sameti “ I agree in certain points, but not in Others ” D 1 コ 62 : kankhaniya n' atthi thänao doubtful point S Ⅳ .350 , 399 : no other means. nothing else DhA Ⅱ . ) : agamaniya0 something not tO be done, not allowed VvA 72 : cp. alSO (d) (standpoint= ) ground for (assump- kamma . tion) reason. supposition. principle, esp. a sound con ・ clusion, logic, reasonableness (opp ・ a0 see 4 ) : garayhao th. ägacchati "he advocates a faulty principle ' ' D L16 ー・

Thäna 290 Thiyati catuhi いし pailüäpeti (four argumcnts) S III. 116 : IV. 38 ) ・ thäna-kusala accomplishcd in sound reasoning S 111.61 sq ・ (satta0) ; A Ⅱ . 1 7 ( ) sq. Also with atthäna-kusala : see below 4. III. / 面 e / “可 so 川し 45 お acc. thänao : ettakao !h. even a little bit DhA 1.389. abl. thänaso : in ,. 、 & causally con- ditioned [see 2 (d) 」 S v ・ 304 ; A 111 ・ 417 : v. 33 : Nett 94 ( ⅱリ a ) ; abs. without moving (see I. I (b) & cp. Lat. statim) i. e. without an interval or a cause ()f change), at once, immediately, spontaneously, impromptu (cp. cpd ・。 uppatti) S I. 193 : v ・ 50 , 321 , 38 Pv I. 44 (=kha- yeva PvA 19 ). 10C. thäne instead= like, as dhitu thäne thapesi he treats her like a daughter VvA 209 : puttatfliäne as a son J II ・ 132. IV. Co 川 s 田ツんれど ga れ 0 可 t ″ (thäna & atthäna). The meanings in this category are restricted to those mentioned above under 1 [esp. 1 (c)] & 2 (d), viz. the relations Of place ) not place ()r wrong place, also as proper time & wrong tirne). i. e. somewhere >nowhere. and Of possibilitY> impossibility (truth > falsehood). (a) thänao upagacchati (pathaviyä) t0 find a (resting) place on the ground. t0 stay on the ground ()y means Of the law of attraction and gravitation) MiIn 255 : opp ・ na thänao upao t0 find no place t0 rest, tO go intO nothing- ness Miln 一 ) , 237 , 27 ( ). (b) thänao vijjati there is a reason, it is logically sound, it is possible D I. 163 , 175 ; M ⅱ I. 64 : Ps II. 236 sq ・ ; cp. M Vastu Ⅱ .448 : opp ・ na etao け viJjati it is not possible, feasible, plaus- ible, logically correct Vin II. 284 ; D I. 104 , 239 : M Ⅱ .10 ; I Ⅱ .64 ; Miln 237 : Nett 92 sq ・ (c) atthänao an im- possibility Sn 54 (atthäna, with elision of リ ) : atthäne at the wrong time J I. 256 ; thäna is that one of the gatis which is accessible to human influence, regards gifts of relief or sacrifice (this is the pettivisaya), whilst atthäna applied t0 the other 4 gatis (see gati) PvA 2 7 sq ・ ln cpd. thänåthäna-gata it means referring or leading t0 good & bad places (gatis) : of sabbe khaya- dhammä (). e. keci saggüpagä keci apäyüpagä) Nett 94. ln comb'i apucchi nipune palähe thänåthänagate (Miln I ) it may mean either questions concerning possibilities & impossibilities or truths & falsehoods, 0 「 questions referring to happy & unhappy states (of existence) : !hänåthäna-lääqa is “ knowledge of correct & faulty conclusions ' ' Nett 94 , cp. Kvu 231 sq ・ : the same combli occurs ・ With Okusala Okusalatä“ accom- plished or skilled ( & skill) in understanding correct or iaulty conclusions ' ' D III. 2 12 (one Of the ten powers Of the Buddha) : M III. 64 : Dhs 1337 , 1338 (trsl. by Mrs. Rh. D. on p. 348 D ん 5. trsl. as “ skill in affirming or ncgating causal conjuncture ' ' ). ln same sense : thänao thänato pajänäti ( & atthänao atthänato p. ) to draw a logical inference 仕 om that which is a proper ground for inference (). e. which is logical) S v ・ 304 ; M I. 69 sq ・ =A Ⅱ 1 ・ 417 : v ・ 33 ・ -uppatti arising instantaneously (see thänaso, above 1 Ⅱ . ) VvA 37 : J Ⅵ .308 (0käranavindana finding a means right on the spot) ; 4 (adj. ) on the spot, momentary, spontaneous J VI. 304. Thäniya (adj. ) [grd. of titfllati] standing, having a certain position, founded on or caused by (-0) Vin 11.194 (-nica0) : A I. 264 (chanda - räga - dhamma0). See also under tißhati. Thäyika (adj. ) at MiIn 2 ( ) 1 “ one wh0 gains his living or subsists on ' ' (instr. ) is doubtful reading. Thäyin (adj.-n. ) {from tit!hati 」 standing, being ⅲ , being ⅲ a statc 0f ( - ) , staying with, (lcpendcnt い n (with gcn ・ ) : pariyutthat!häyin “ being in a statc Of onc tO whom it ha.S ar1SCIl. 1. e. one wh0 has got the i(lea 0f one wh0 imagines S Ⅱ I. 3 sq ・ : arüpa-!!häyin lt 62 Yamassa thäyino being under the rulc of Yama Pv Thita [pp. of tiuhati=Gr. 作「“ロ Lat. status, Celt. fossad (hrm)] standing, i. e. (sec !häna I) cither upright (opp. nisinna. etC. ), or immovable, or being, bchaving in general. ln the latter function 0ften (with gcr. ) pleonastic for finite verb (cp. thapita) ; resting in, abiding in ( - 。 or with 10C. ) : 0f time : lasting, enduring : 石 g. steadfast, firm, controlled : amissikatam ev' assa thitao änejjappattao A 111.377 = IV ・ 4 ( ) 4 : cittao hOti, tassa thito va käyo h0ti thitao cittatJ (firm, unshaken) S v. 74 = Nd 475 B2;—D I. 135 (khema0); A I コ 52 : Sn 25 ( ) (dhamme) : lt I IO sq. い h. caranto nisinna sayäna) ; J I. 167 ; 279 : 111.53. —with ger. : nahätvä th. & niväsetvä th. (after bathing & dressing) J I ・ 265 : därakao gahetvä th. J VI. 336. Cp. . -atta self-controlled, composed, steadfast D I. 57 ( 十 gatatta yatatta ; expl. at DA 1.168 by suppati!!hita- citto) : S I. 48 : I Ⅱ .46 : A II. 5 ; IV. 93 , 428 ; Sn 37 ( ) ( 十 pari- nibbuta), 359 (id. expl. at SnA 359 by lokadhammehi akampaneyya-citta) : Pug 62 : -kappin (adj. ) (for kappa-*thitin) standing or waiting a whole kappa Pug 13 (expl. at Pug A 187 by thitakappo assa atthi ti : kappao thapetuo samattho ti atthO) : -citta (adj. ) 0f controlled heart ( = 0atta) D Ⅱ .157 ・・ ; -dhamma (adj. ) everlasting, eternal ()f mahäsamudda, the great ocean) Vin 日 .237 = A IV. 198. Thit8k8 (adj. )= thita in meaning of standing, standing up. erect Vin II. 165: D Ⅱ .17=111.143: M Ⅱ .65 : J I ・ 53. 62 ; VvA 64. Thit8tä (). ) the fact of standing or being founded on ( - 。 ) S 11.25=A I. 286 (dhammao 十 dhamma-niyämatä). Thitatt8 (nt. ) standing, being placed ; being appointed t0, appointment J I ・ I 挈 4 ・ Thiti (). ) [ 仕 om titthati Sk. sthiti, Gr. 作れ , Lat. statio (cp. stationary), Ohg. stat, Ags. stede] state ()s opposed to becoming), stability, steadfastness : duration, con- tinuance, immobility : persistence, keeping up ()f : c ・ gen. ) ; condition 0f ( - ) relation S Ⅱ . 11 : 111.31 : Ⅳ . リ , I ( ) 4. 228 sq. , A v. 96 ; Vism 32 (käyassa) : in jhäna: S III. 264 , 269 sq ・ , saddhammassa (prolongation (f) S II. 225 : A I. 59 : Ⅱ .148 ; Ⅱ I. 177 (always with asammosa dhammatthiti- & anantaradhäna), cp. M 11.26 sq. ⅱ氤 a (state or condition (f) S II. 124 : Ps I. 50 sq. atthi dhuvao thiti : the duration is not for long M II. 64 =Dh 147=Th 1, 769=VvA 77 , cp. Th 2 , 343 (=ThA 241 ); Sn い 14 (vifilääqa0) PvA ー 98 (positiom constella- tion), ー 99 (jivitao as remainder 0f cp. thitakappin) : Dhs 11N(cittassa), ー 9. ・ ( 十äyu= subsistence). -bhägiya connected with durati(jn. enduring' lasting' perrnanent (only appl. tO samädhi) l) III. 277 ; A III ・ 427 : Nett 77 ; cp. samädhissa ßlitikusala “ one whO is accom- plished in lasting concentration ' ' A III. 31 1' 427 靆 v ・ 34 ・ Thitika (adj ・ ) (l)er. 仕 . thiti] standing, lasting. enduring : existing. living on ( - ) , e ・ g. ähärao dependent on f00d Kh 111. (see ähära) : nt. adv. constantly VvA 75. Thiyati see patit!hiyati ・

ävan t 671 Sanda convince D L236 ; M 1.397 ; A 1.75 :. S Ⅳ .313 : Vin 10 : Ⅱコ 97 : Miln 0. 3. t0 appease, conciliate J I. 479 ; PvA ー 6. Also saööapeti J 1.26. etc. - ー inf. ⅱ a u り Sn 597. pp. at ね . ーー At J I. 408 read saiöäpä- petvä (instead 0f saöfia1J päpetvä), or simply saööäpetvä, like the parallel text at Ud 17. 3 風を (adj. ) Lfr. safifiä] having perception A Ⅱ .2 巧 = Dhs 1003. Saiiita [ =saöfiäta : pp. of saüjänäti] so-called, named, so-to-speak Mhvs 7 , 45 : PvA 135 : Sdhp 72 , 4 い . See alSO aya under niraya. & ⅲ (adj. ) [fr. safifiä] (). safifiini) conscious, being aware of ( - 。 ). perceiving, having perception I) 1.31, 180 ; 111.4(), III, 140 , ; S I. 62 : A 1L34. 48 , 50 ; 111.35; Ⅳ .427 : Dh 253 ; Ndl 97 , ー 38. älokasafiüin having a clear perception l) 1.71 : A Ⅱ .2 ー I : v. 207 ; Sum I. 211 : nänattao conscious Of diversity A IV. 39 sq. : pathavisafifiin con- scious Of the earth (kasina), in samädhi A v. 8 sq. pathavisafiüiniyo ( m. plur. ), having a worldlv mind D II.1 39 : asubhasaläliin perceiving the corruption of the world lt 93 : vihiosasaöüin conscious of the troublc Vin I. 7 ; nevasalälii-nåsafilhin consctous nor un- conscious L) III. 1 い : A Ⅱ .34 : Ndl 97 , 138 : lt 90 ; I)A ーコー 0. Cp. vi . 1 Ⅱ composition ⅲ。 , e. g. 0gabbha animate production D 1.54 : DA 1.163. 8 ⅱⅳ a 「 safitiin 十 väda] name of a school maintaining con- scious existencc after death D 3 ー : I)A 1.119 ; Mhbv ロ 0. 3 8 [most likely —Sk. éada (fall), fr. a to fall ; Kern TO . s. v. equals it to Sk. süta ()r S! ・ (a) of ()r (u) to run ()o impel), as in ussa!a and visata. Thc Dhtm ( 789 ) gives a root in rneaning of “ visarana," i. c. profusion, diffusion (cp. visata)] a fall, a heap of things fallen ; only in cpd. paqqao a heap of fallen leaves M 2 ー (=paqqa-kacavara MA 1.120 ) ; J 11.271. S8 a [pp. of sajatil] dismissed ; in cpd. -0esana one who has abandoned all longing or 1 ℃ search I) 1 圧 269 (cp. D た nL247 “ has utterly given up quests ' ' ) ; A Ⅱ . 引 ()o 1 ℃ ad for sa h 。 ). ー sattha at S III. 84 is to be read settha, and at S IV. 298 satha. Sa (num. ord. ) [cp. Sk. i : scc cha] sixty D 1.45 ; Ⅱ .261 : Sn 538 ; DhA lll 4 ロ (cküna0). lt is found mostly in the same application as cha (group-number), e. g. at J I. 64 (Oturiya-sahassäni) : VvA 92 (id. ) ; J I. 87 (0yojana) : v 512 (Osahassa) : DhA I. 8 , 17, 26 , 131 (0sakata) ・ -Ohäyana 60 years 01d ()f elephant) M L229 : J Ⅱ・ 343 ・ Sa h 設 9 at J v 匚 185 (tao asakkhi satthuo) is inf. Of sajatil ( 町一 =Sk. sra$uo) t0 dismiss. let 100Se. The form has caused trouble, srnce the Com. explains ・ it with gaq- hituo “ t0 take. '' This has induced Kern ( TO . s. v. ) to see in it a very 01d (even pve-Vedic ! ) form with *sädhuo original. Evidently he derives it fr. sah (Epic Sk. sodhuo ! ) , he trsls it as “ to master, over- PO 、 ver. ' 3 履 8 (adj. ) [cp. Sk. éatha] crafty, treacherous, fraudulent D Ⅱ .258 : Ⅱ L246 : M 1.32 , ー 53 : S IV. 299 : A 11.41 : Ⅱ I. 35 : v ユ 57 ; Dh 252 ; Vin Ⅱ .89 : Nd1 395 ; Miln 250 : Dävs Ⅱ .88 : DhA 1 Ⅱ .375 : Dhtp 100 ( =ketave). ーー f. sathi Pv Ⅱ .34. See also kerätika, samaya0, sätheyya. & a ・ t 風 (). ) [abstr. 仕 . satha] craft, wickedness Pug 19. Sa 恤 8 (adj. ) [Sk. {ithila. which also appears sithila e. g. Th I, 277 」 100Se. inattentive Dh 312. 恤 ana see ha. (nt. ) [Vedic éaoa : Gr. r 鬲 , レ“ c =Lat. cannabis ・ Ags haenep =E. hemp : Ger. hanf. ] a kind of hemp D Ⅱ .350 ( v コ . ) : S ⅱい 5 ( do. ) ; cp. 亞 2 & ⅲ . -dhovika [perhaps (Kern's suggcstion) 語リ a 。 (). (.) = visänaO 0f a particular kind 0f ga1nl)01 of elephants ⅲ water M I. 229. 375. B(lhgh at I)A 1.84 uses the obscurc säna-dhovana-kilä tO denote trick of Candälas. But see sandhovika. [svan; ldg. *suenö =Lat. sono, Ags. swin music. S 、 8•' ・ insian tO Sing ; Ohg. swan = swan] t() sound, t() make a noisc Sn 72 ー (). sanati)-• Miln 4 : sanateS I. 7 = 203 : J Ⅵ 507 ; ppr ・ sananto Sn 720 (). n). S84i0 (adv. ) [cp. Sk. éanail.U softly, gradually Sn 350 ; Mhvs 25 , 84. (adv. ) [fr. last 」 slowly, gently, gradually 11.333 : MI. 120 : S L82 , 2 ( ) 3 ; 」 1.9, 292 ; 】 1.103 ; Miln い 7 ; DA I ヨ 97 ; L)hA I. 6 ( ) , 389 : VvA 36 , 178. S8Qtha a recd (used for bow-strings) M L429. Santhapeti & thäpeti [Caus. of santi!!hatiJ I. t0 settle. to establish A 日 .94 (cittao) ; S IV. 263 : 」 L225 : PvA 196. 3. t0 adjust, f01d 2. tocall tO orderD l. ー 79 ( 。 p 。 ) ・ up J 1.3 ( ) 4. (nt. ) [fr. santitthati] recreation Vism 420 sq. see santitthati. S8Q#häna (nt. ) は r. s れリ十 sthä」 configuration, position : composition, nature, shape, f()l•l)) Vin 日 .76 ; Ⅳ 1 1.120 (spelt 0nth0) ; A 1.5() : IV コ 9 ( ) (). osakkana) : MiIn 270 , 6 , 4 ( ) 5 ; J 1.7 し 29L 368 ; Ⅱ .108 ; Vism ー 84 , 225. 243 : 1)hsA う幻・ I)A I. 88 (nth) : SnA 464 ( linga). su0 well formcd Sn 28. adj. ( - 。 ) having the appearance of megha-vannao 2 5 1 ; Chavi0 appeal ・ ance Of the skin J L489 : vaqqa0 outward semblance Nett 27 : J L271 ・ sarira0 the (material) b0()y ViS1)1 ー 93. fuel J Ⅱ . 3 3 ( ) 3. (usually spelt 0nth0) れ 1 ・ esting placc, ー I v. 4 戸・ mccting place, public place (markct) (cp. Sk. sansthäna in this mcaning). At S 1.201 in phrasc nadi-tiresu santhäne sabhäsu rathiyäsu (). c. at all public places). S 1.2 ( 月 reads santhäne (). 1. santhäne) : cp. ノ (. S. L25 ( ) from C. a resting place (vissamana-tthäne) near thc city gate. when rnarket-wares had been brought (lown, trsln “ resting by the gates. ' 'l'his stanza is quote(l at SnA 20 , where the ed. prefers reading panthäne as correct reading (). 1. saothäne). At M 1.481 (0nth0) S ⅱ .28 ( 2 fr. し ) , it seems to be used in the sense of “ end, stopping. cessation ' ' =A IV ユ 90 (the editions 0f S and A have santhäna). At J VI. い 3 it is transla•ted by “ market place, ' ' the comp. saqthäna-gata being •explaincd hy the Comm. by santhäna-mariyädao gatä, but at J VL360 santhäna-gata is by the English translator translated ' a wealthy man ' (vinicchaye thitO, Com.), which. however, ought to be “ in the court house ' ' (cp. vinic- chaya-tthäna), i. e. publicly. ln both places there is a ト 0 v. 1. santhäna- 0 [pp. 0f santitthati 」 I. established in (-0), settled, composed Sn 330 (santi-soracca-samädhi0) : Sdhp 458 . suO firmly or well established Sn 755 : Miln 383 : in a good position, well situated DhsA 65. 2. being com- posed (as), being Of the nature 0f ( - 。 ) , ullumpana- sabhävaO 0f a helping disposition DA I.1 77 : PvA 35. S8Qthiti (). ) は r. santighati] stability, tinnness S v. 228 : l)hs 11 ; Vism 206 ; DhsA ー 43 : Sdhp 460. 2. fixing. settling Miln 144 ・ Sanda 国 ial. : l)htm 巧 7 : gumb' attha-m-irane : cp. Sk. sanda] a heap, cluster, multitude ; a grove (vana0) D I. 87 ; S Ⅱ L98 : Vin L23 ; J 1 コ 34 (vana0); sattao tecming with beings lt 21. Jambu0 N. of Jambudipa Sn 352 ー = Th 1 , 822 (). l. 0manda, which Kern considers to be the correct reading : see T 既日 .67 ). sanda - cärin swarming I) 1.166=M 77 = A Ⅱ 306.

Khepa khela] phlegm. saliva. foam : usually with singhänikä 'l'he latter (khcla) has of course nothing to do with kelanä : it is given by l)htp 279 in meaning “ calana. ' See also kilid & kilis. cp. ukkhetita. On root khela see Rhe18 [Sk. kheta. cp. kive4a and 引 ma. P. silesuma. Sn リ 5 ( = abhaya KhA 244 ) : Dh 258. Khemin (adj. ) one who enjoys security or peace S リ ; yappatta. vesärajjappatta) M 1.72 = A Ⅱ .9 ・ Sn ) 9 : -ppatta having attained tranquillity ( = abha- -dassin looking upon the Serene molested D I. リ 5 ; ( = Nibbäna ThA 242 ) ; -tthita peaceful, appeased, un- the place Of shelter, the home of tranquillity Th 2 , 350 Nibbäna) L) L73 : Nd2 on Satthä ; Vism 303 ・ -#häna peaceful country (opp. kantära), a paradise ( 四 p. of bhütao assabhäva1J (A). -anta security, in 0bhümi a -atta one who is at peace ( 十 viratta) S い 2 ( = khemi- S Ⅱ . Ⅱ ) 9 : Sn ー 4 , Ⅱ ) 98 ; Nd2 s. v. ( 十ね ato , etc. ). AbI. khemato. from the standpoint of the screne Vv 5320 (amatao khemao) : ps L59. Sec a 0 yoga. 953 ・ Jn particular 0f Nibbäna: S ー v. 37 A Ⅳ・ 455 ; D I. ロ (peace, opp. bhaya) : Sn 896 ( 十 avivädabhümi) ; peace. the Serene (Ep. of Nibbäna). ln general: 2. (nt. ) shelter, place of security, tranquillity, home of Pv ー v. 33 ()f a road= nibbhaya PvA 250 ) : VvA 85. Sn 268 ー = abhaya. nirupaddava KhA ー 53 ) ; Dh 9 sq. ・ attainment of Nibbäna ” ) A 354 ()f ⅱ由 la ) lt 32 ・ is the door to the lmmortal, leading to peace, for the (vivatao amatadvärao khemao nibbänapattiyä " opened bäna) I. 9 = Sn 454 ()f väcä nibbänapattiyä) : M L227 S レ 3 ()f the path leading to the ambrosial, i. e. Nib- peace, safe : tranquil. calm D L73 ()f a country) : K 第 [Vedic ksema to k}i, cp. khetta] I. (adj. ) full of Khepeti see khipati. vattassa kh. ). stroyed, destruction. annihilation. DhA Ⅱ .163 ( ki 厄 - annihilated. khepitatta (nt. ) the fact of being de- K i 地 lpp. of khepeti] destroyed. brou gh t to waste. äyu0 VvA 3 い . Rh 島 [cp. khepeti] - 。 the passing of. appld to time : Cp. ⅵ。 . saoo Usually in citta-kkhepa loss of mind, perplexity Dh 138. 物第 [cp. khipatiJ ( - 。 ) throwing. casting. Sdhp 42. 239 Gaccha mUCUS. sometimes in the sense 0 ー perspiration. sweat A 34 : Ⅳヨ 37 : Sn ー 96 ( 十 singh0) : Kh Ⅱ . =Miln 26 (cp. Vism 263 in detail, & KhA 66 ) ; J 6 ー : ー v. 23 : VL367 : Vism 259 , 343 ( 十 singhäoikä), 362 : l)hA 日 L18 Ⅳ . 2 り . 一 : Pv Ⅱ .23 as food for Petas, cp. Av. S. L279 (khega- mütropaJivini : Ⅱ . ロ 3 : khetavadutsrjya) ; PvA ) ( = nitthubhana). -kilinna wet with exudation J ーヨ 64 : -mallaka a spitting box, a cuspidor Vin L48 : Ⅱコ 75. 209 ・ -singhänikä phlegm 改 mucus J)hA ). Rh 可心 (Vin) & kheläsik8 (I)hA) an abusive term “ eating phlegm ” (?) [Miiller, お . G. 30 = khetåtmaka] Vin Ⅱコ 88. cp. ま・ル Tcxts Ⅱ L239 : oväda the use of the calling one by this name Vin term “ phlegm-eater. ' 既 189 : DhA 140. Cp. äpaka.? spittle-dribbler; "wind bag. 区 0 [ fo vowels often khv' : con . 0f khalu= Sk. ⅲ ] an enclitic particle 0f amrmation & emphasis indeed, re . surely ; in narration : then. now ()p ・ kira) : in question : then. perhaps, really. Def. 四 adhikär' antara- nidassan' atthe nipäto KhA ロ 3 : avadhäraoao (affrmative particle) PVA , ー 8. ー A few of its ses are foll. : 0 Vin ー 7 : p d hO D Ⅱは 55. After pron. : mayhao khO J 279 ; ete kho Vin I•IO ; idao kh0 ibid. : 0 J 1.5 YO kh0 M L428 : - ー After a negation : na khO indeed not J II.I 日 : no ca khv' a A 、 ' は 95 ; må kho J 253 ; ー - Often combd with pana : na k khO pana “ is it then not possible ”」 1.15 api ca kh0 pana J 253 ; siyä h0 pana D 54 い一 F0110wing Other particles, esp. ⅲ aorisEc ra 日 on : atha 0 (extremely : tatra h0 : tåpi kh0 ; api ca kho : evao bhante kh0 ; evao bya kh0 Vin ー 4 : Dh 27. etc. ln interr. sentences it Often follows nu : kin nu kho J 279 ; atthi nu kho J Ⅱ L52 : kahan nu kh0 J 255 ・ 区 Ob (). ) [cp. Vedic 絅恤 kpbhayati,to 曲 e = Go 新 . skiuban Ger. schiebe n. to push. E. shove] shaking, Vism 3 一 57 : khobhao karoti to shake VvA 35. 36. 2 78 : khobha-karaoa shaking up, disturbance Vism 474. See so akkhobbha. 区 0 [cp ・ Vedic adj. flaxen : nt. a linen clo 山 . linen garment, usually combd with kappäsika Vin 58. 96. 2 : A Ⅳ・ 394 ; v ・ 234 = 249 (0yuga); J Ⅵ・ 47. : Ⅱ . を DhA 7 ・ - p 0 日 a linen clo 山 Vin 2 ・ G. 。 0 ・ [ . ー ] j ・ . only 四 ending : going ・ See e. g ・ atiga. anuga, antalikkha0, urao, pärao. majjhao. samipa , hattha0. lt so appears 0gu, e ・ g ・ in addhao. antao. ー・ dugga (). & nt. ) a diffcult road pattha0, pårao, a 。 Dh 327 = Miln 379 : pv Ⅱ . ( = duggamana-tthåna PvA ー 02 ) ; .9 ー 6 : J 385 ・ (nt. ) the sky (with reference t0 sidereal mo 日 0n3 ) ; usually Of the 襯 00 . ・ g? majjhe punoacando viya J ー 49. 2 12 : go tale canda-maodalao J Ⅱ 365 : cando go majjhe thito J v は 3 7 : cando gagane viya sobhati Vism 58 : g0 tale candao viya DhA L372 . g0 tale canda “ the in the expanse Of the heavens ' VVA 3 : g0 talamagga the (moon's) course ⅲ the sky PvA 8 : etc. Of the 5 “お . ・ suriyo åkåse antalikkhe gaganapathe gacchati Nd2 on Sn 297. U や % d ・ J L57 ; Vism 6 (0taI-åbhimukhao). 0 関ー・ [Vedic gargara throat. whirlpool. ・ tO sling down. to wharl, cp. Gr. “如 ov. Lat. gurges. gurgulio, Ohg. querechela “ kehle ” ] 1. roaring, only in f ・ gaggari a blacksmith's : kammära0, ⅲ simile M 243 ; S 106 ; Vism 287. ム (nt. ) cackling, cawing. in 。 the sound Of geese J 96 (expl. by haosa ・ madhur ・ assara) ・ Gaggarä N. 0 太 a lake at Vism 208. See n Ote on g ・ 0 a [fr ・ gaggara] a whirlpool. eddy 」Ⅵ 405 ; according t0 Kern TO ′リ . 5. v. a sort 0f hsh (Sk. gargaraka. Pimelcxius Gagora) : gaggaJaka at MiIn ー 97. 0 区就 i Ⅳ . den. . prec ・ : cp ・ gurgulio : gurges. E. gargle & gurgle] t0 whirl, roar, bellow. Of the waves the Gangä Miln 3. ・ galagaläyati. 0 a [not = Sk. kaccha, grass-land. Morris. 工 P. T. & ー 893. ー 6. The passage J Ⅱ L287 stands with gaccha . 既 l. kaccha for gaccha at A Ⅳ .74 : g0 for k0 at Sn 2 ( ) ] a shrub, a bush. usually together with , creeper & rukkha, tree. e. g. Nd2 235 , 卩 , J L73 ; Miln 268 : Vism 】 82 (described on p. 3 ). With däya, W(X)d A Ⅳ . 74. puppha0 a flowenng shrub 」ロ 0 : khuddaka0-vana a wood 0 ー small shrubs J v. 37. ーー PvA 274 : VvA 30 ー (-gumba. brushwcx»d. underwood) : DhA ーヨ (-po- thana-tthäna) ; Ⅳ .78 (-müla).

738 ( り The Päli Dictionary affords an interesting companson of our own interpretation of terms with the fanciful etymological play of words given by th ・土 Commentators, whieh throws a light both 0 取 their dogmatic bias and their limited linguistic knowledge. lt is quite evident that Bdhgh did not know Sanskrit. ー ln matters of g 貪 / I place Dhammapäla higher than Buddhaghosa. 1 ( 々 ) ln sho . the Päli Dictionary gives clues t0 a variety 0f problems, which it was hitherto almost impossible to approach : the proper study 0f Päli Buddhism is aided greatly by it, and an endless field 0f work lies 0 n to future scholars. 0 the other hand, nobody realizes more than I do, after ten years 0f intimate study, how far the " CIassics ' ' we are, both in analysis and synthesis, ln explanation, interpretation, and application. And also : that it will worth the trouble to explore 0 肥 thoroughly that range of civihzation which lies enshrined in the Päli Canon. 2 6. CONCLUSION. That my share ⅲ the actual working out of the Dictionary preponderates over his own, I am sure Rhys Davids would not mind : on the contrary, it was his wish from the beginning that it should so, and he would repudiate any attempt which would put the faults t0 my blame and the merits to his credit. His mind was more on other aims than dictionary work/ which was not his strongest point. But without him there would not have been this Päli Dictionary. I cannot conclude without extending my sincere thanks tO all those whO have made it possible for me t0 complete the work, and have helped me directly or indirectly with encouragements 0f various kinds. Among the former are the subscribers t0 the Dictionary Fund (especially genefous Japanese donors) : those who have unselfishly handed over to me material collected by themselves. or have assisted me with the copying of indexes, or suggested corrections and given valuable reviews. Above all the Founder of the PäIi Text society and Mrs. Rhys Davids, who helped me with many suggestions details and with reading the proofs : and last not least my wife, who has been untiring in copying the whole MS. f0 「 the printer. For all deficiencies I sincerely apologize. Had I had another twenty years' experience 0f Päli, I would have made a better job of it : but 0 町 motto was " Better now and imperfect than perfect and perhaps never ! ' ' By no means do I leave the work with a feeling 0f self-satisfaction. I realize now that I am only at the beginning of the " perfect " Dictionary. May l, within the next twenty years, see a second edition of the PäIi Dictionary which will come nearer t0 the ideal. But then the ideal will have moved farther away accordingly ! Until then I ho that the " Provisional " Dictionary W111 d0 its service and will prove a help to students and scholars 0f Päli alike ! W. 訂 DE. 227 , VALLEY ROAD, STREATHAM* LONDON, S. W. 16. / 一 925. ー There are more than a score of instances which prove this point, but the following is espeually interesting. The word for " w 0 . entire " vissa is extremely frequent ⅲ Vedic and Sanskrit ( = ⅵ 47a ) , but unknown in Päli (where b takes its place) , except for 0 passage ⅲ the Dh. ( 266 ). Had Bdhgh known Sanskrit, he would have explained it " sabba. " but instead Of that he takes it as *visra (musty). which ()s a 厄ⅵ c. word) was current ⅲ late Päli, but ' ( swoo 可 by " calati " (see uqder does れ Ot fit the passage mentioned. ー Among Other e な 0 B expiams ' ー stiffness ・ chambhita and mucchaåcikatä) : ⅲ paräjita he takes parå instr. Of para ( = parena DhA 259 ) : he connects Påli piqeti with pinvati ()A 1. 巧 7 , cp. Vism 32 pioana), and he explains attamana " saka-mana " ()A 255 ). thus equalling atta = åtman. ー ln connection with this I may point 0 t that one Of the greatest ユ 0 3 0 ! Påli scholarship is a Dictionary 0f Nam . TO insert names intO t 3 dictionary was not ourintention, although more than once I was tempted. and doubtful tO the category Of " names," e. g. whether tO regard names Of trees and months. or titles Of b00ks ・ names ” 0 【 Thus the Name Dictionary will be an indispensable supplement tO the Word Dictionary. I hope that 1 を wo 3. ・ 3 一 be placed ⅲ a position which will make it possible to edit is supplement, for w Rhys Davids ?•nd myself ve y collected a large amount 0f material.

Eva 「 Sn 592 (esäno ppr ・ med.), 9 ー 9 ; Dh ー . SO aJJhesati, anvcsati, pariyesati] to seek, ・ search, strive E 十辱ー with confusion ー and % icchati, see 0 n Sn 286. E 2 (adj. ) E8 第一 see etad. that name M I. 429. 記 in holding such a view M L484. -näma havi0g ーー 34 ; eval) su D ーは 04 ; etc. c. 50 " D 1.5 SD い巧 ; e り kho D 3 ; evam pi Sn iva kho) Vin II. 26 ; Ⅳ 34 = DA L27 ; evam ev 望り gjust evam 228 , 237 , 239 ; in older 「 0 【 m evao byä kho ( = just the same way ” ()n final conclusions) D ー 04 , ー 99 , combd ・ with similar emphatic p 「 t evam eva kho ßin 0 負 00 483 ( a り me はり uthus have I heard ” ). ( 2 ) thus ()s fo Ⅱ 0 s ) M II 靆ず 2 evao etar), Just 50 ). ー 95 (id. ); Vin Ⅱは 94 ( e り bhante, yes); J 222 ; Pv nidassana ” ) D ー 93 (eval) sante this being being 50 ) , ()s mentioned, exp ・ at Vism 528 gniddittha-naya- ferring to what precedes 0 【 what fo Ⅱ 0W5 , e. g ・ 0 ) thus Evao ( 記 v. ) [Vedic evar)] so 「 thus, in this way, ei 山び代・ Ⅱ I. ー 28 etc. 352 , etc. ( 2 ) 0 「 such 「 0 【 m , beauty 0 「ⅵ ue J 294 ; -rupa い ) such, like that Sn 279 , 280 ; lt 98 ; J Ⅱ . After long vowels eva is 0 e shortened to va (). v. ) ・ 4 ・ J 223 ; tasmiö J I. ー 39 ; Miln 40. 0 「 0 a , mostly with assimilation of リ to ⅱ viz. ねⅱöeva 巧 9 ; Ⅳ .3 ; Ⅵ .363. 3. After り eva so takes the form other vowels and り , cp ・ J 293 , 307 ; Ⅱ・い 0 , ー 28 , ーま 91 as yeva, mo frequently 「 te 「 i and 0 , but alSO 第「 t the 2. ev 象 often appears with p 「 0 山 ic (sandhi ・ )y own). 1 ) , 巧 4 (ekam 0. just on の , ー 60 (attano 0. his 日 . い 3 (ahao 0. this veryday), 278 (tath)eva likewise) ; eva J (ajj'eva eq. in all contexts & com い E 第 ( 記 v. ) [Vedic 0 マ a ] emphatic part 0 , 0 円 just' ; 0 162 Okantati 0. 0 lnitial 0 in Pali may represent a Vedic 0 Vedic au (see 0 」 as, cgha, etc. ). 0 「 it may g Ⅱ良 of (see 0 - rika, opakammika, etc. ). But it is usually ま prefix repres- enting Vedic ava. The form in 0 is the 代 g 猷 a 「 use Old Pali ; there are only tWO or three cases where ava, fO 「 metrical 0 「 0ther reasons, introduced. P06t ・ canonical Pali the form in a is the regular one. Fo 【 new form- ations we believe there no exception tO this ー u 厄 . But the 0 旧 form in 0 has, in a few cases, survived. Though 0 , standing alone, is derived om v も yet compounds with 0 are almost invariably 0 旧 e 「 than the corresponding compounds With ava (see note 0 Ⅱ ogamana). 0 第 (nt. ) [Vedic okas (nt. ), 伝 . 0 to like, thus orig. com 「 0 ” , hence place 0 「 comfort, sheltered place, habit- ation. The indigenous interpretation connects Oka partly with Ok fig ・ room ( f0 「 rising), chance, occasion (thus Nd1 487 on Sn 966 : see anoka; SnA 573 ibid. ; SnA 547 : see anoka; SnA 573 ibid. ; SnA 547 : see below partly with udaka ()s contraction): see below on Dh 34. Geiger ( . Gr. 20 ) considers ok be a direct con- ac ⅱ on 0 「 udaka (via ・ d k も *utka, eukka, eokka). The customary synomym for oka (both lit. & fig. ) is älaya] resting place, shelter, 代 so 「 t ; house, dwelliog ; fig. (this meaning according ~ 0 later commentators prevailiog in anoka, likiog, fondness, attachment to (worldly things) S 9 = Sn 844 (okam pahäya; oka e 代 is expld ・ at SnA 547 by 可 p -v 市 ) di ・ⅵⅱⅱ ass ) ok 0 ) ; S v. 24 = A v. 232 = Dh 87 ( ok anokam ägamma) ; Dh 34 ( ok m ・ ok は ubbhato, i. e. ok m-ok 0 伝 om this & that bod ら伝 om 震腿 places, thus ね k00 ok 猷 0 , whereas Bdhgh. k05 it Okasya OkatO an interprets the 6 「 st Oka as contracted ん『 m d k 贒虹 e ら which happens to fit in with the 第 en 記 required 気 this passage, but is 0 【 warranted Othe ト (f•) は r. esati 」 desire,longing, wish D ⅱ 1•れ 6. 270 : M L79 ; S v. 54 , 9 ; A 93 ; Ⅱ・ 4 v ・ 3 VvA 83 ; PvA 98 , ー 63 , 265. See so ー & pariyo. E 調 ( 「 . ) [ 伝 . 年 ] a surgeon's probe M 11.256 ・ Esabha ( ー。 ) a by-form usabha ( 气 . Y. ), in cpd. rathesabha. Esika (nt•) & E8 攸 ( 「 . ) い by ・ form 。「 k a post A Ⅳ 06 , ー 09. Freq. in cpd. 。 h 画 y ー 0 as stable as pillar D れ一 4 ; S Ⅱ L202 , 2 ロ , 2 リ ; DA 1 は 05 ・ Es ⅸ desire, see abbUiha. E8in (adj. ) [Sk. esin, ] seeking, wishing, desiring S 11. い (sambhav0); J 87 (pha10); Ⅳ .26 (dukkham0); Pv Ⅱ .9 (gharanO; PvA ー 32. Ehi [imper. 0 「 eti] come, come he 代 Sn 新 5 ; J ー 59 ; Ⅵ・ 巧 4 (migao 0 ・ after carving the deer) ; PvA 2 (pit!hi- a マ第。 PvA 2 ー 3 ) ; ge 「 . okantitvä J ー 29 ー pv ー 02 ( = cut 0 cut ou cut carve ; p 代 5. Okanta 鱸 M I. 0 恒 ( 0 皴 ant 。 ) [ 。十 cp ・引 5 。 apakantati] to 444 ・ 0 also avao ・ Ok dh 第 [ 0 十 k 4 to drag away' remove Th 2 , attachment : see separately. hO sete 1 homeless ー comfortless 、 renouncing 1 伝 ee om jahat) SnA 598 ; cp. Nd2 6 with マ . 1. oghaojaha). -anoka (the world), giving up attachment Sn い 0 ー ( = älayar)- -(ö)jaha giving up the ト ou 記 (and its com 靆 ) , renouncing seyya 0. " i. e. takes away the male & kills the ma 厄 . female ()0 entice the others)' OPP ・ Uühaneyya 0. nä- rikat)" i ・ e. he puts down a male decoy and places a at M 7 鼬れ s "odaheyya 0k ca 偬り !hapeyya okacä- means 0f which other wild 0 es are caught. The passage VI.416 れ is clear that here tame animal is meant by w te ド '. But om the context as weli as 伝 om C. on J い 7 , い 8 has caused confusion by 0k being taken as 0 「 gtame ” = Lat. domus, domesticus). The passage M the ho se (said 0 「 animals), i. 0. tame ()p ・ me etym ・ -cara (). ocarikä J Ⅵ .4 ー 6 ; ocärikä M I. い 7 ) living 0 e 「 shelter they have ” , expld ・ by älaya DhA 70 ). problematic) ; Dh 9 ー (okam okar) jahanti cthey le e whRt- i. e. om the water's abode. Bdhgh's expln ・ is 0 「 course pi labbhati okamokato Ⅱ d ・ nkh älayä ti a h0 ” aniketa ・語ⅱ ti ettha 引 0 , idha (). e. at Dh 34 ) ubhayam his interpretation DhA 289 runs: oka り 0k り p y Bdhgh. on p. 387 : oghapuqqehl ti pi p ho. The rest 0 「 must regarded corrupt passage cp ・代 m 師 ks 0f et 山良 d a り” . This q 0t. is taken 丘 om Vin L253 , which wise except by Bdhgh ・ s quotation "okapucmehi civarehi ti I) I. い 6 ; Vin Ⅱい 111.181. (lit. 0 れ e whO habitually says : come, you are welcome SnA 456. ehigägata-(& gvägata-)vädin a man of co 町 [ y Sangha, admission to the 0 「 de 【 J L82 , 86 ; DhA Ⅱ .32 ; 456. ehibhikkhubhäva ・ 3tate 0 「 being invited to join the L95 ・ ehibhikkhu-pabbajjä initiation into Bhikkhuship SnA f. ehi bhikkhuni Vin Ⅳ . 4 pl, etha bhikkhavo DhA mission t0 the order Vin ー 2 ; II 廴 24 ; DhA L87 ; J L82 ・ ehi bhikkhu "coune bhikkhu ! ” the oldest formula of ad- an invitation D 66 ; M 342 ; Ⅱは 6 A 295 ; 206. v ・ 343 ; A 巧 8 ; Ⅱ 98. ehibhadantika who accepts vidhao arahatl ⅱ” , D Ⅱ .2 ; ltl. 5 , 227 ; S 1.9; Ⅳ・ 4 27 第ら as gehi, passa imao dhamman ti evao pavattao ebi-passa- come t0 see 「 0 himself, open to all, expld ・ Vism 2 ー 6 ika] 0 「 the Dhamma, that which invites every man t0 23 ( 十 täva = さみ ). ehipassika (adj ・ ) [ehi 十 passa 十 ation = G 「 . アも L . age, ucome 0 Ⅱ” DhA Ⅱ .9 ー ; PvA 367 ; DhA L49. ln the later laoguage part. exho ・

Viss andaka 642 Vihäraka J .305 ; I Ⅱ・ 343 : Miln 109 (babu0 enjoymg great con- fidence) : SnA 188 (0bhåva state of confidence) : Sdhp 168 , 593. —vissatthena (instr. ) ⅲ confidence Vin Ⅱ .99. Cp. abhi0. V a (adj. ) [fr. vissandati) overflowing P め 119. V 地就 i [vi 十 sandati, Of 8Y to fiow out, to stream ove て升 ow J 1.51 : v. 2 74 : PvA 34 ( ao 「 . 0sandi =pagghari), 51 (ppr. 0amäna), (ger. 0itvå), 119 (0ant0 =paggha ・ ranto), 123 (for paggharati : T. 0eti). Vissamati [vi 十 samati. of 義血 ] to rest. repose ; to recover 仕 om fatigue J 1.485 ; Ⅱ .70 ; 128 , 133 : 1 Ⅱ .208 : Ⅳ .93. 293 : v. 73 : PvA 43 , 151. ー - Caus. vissameti t0 give a rest, tO make repose J 1 Ⅱ .36. Vissamana (nt. ) [fr. vissamati] resting, reposing J 1 435 ・ Visszmetar Cn. ag. fr. vissameti] one who provides a rest. giver Of repose, remover of fatigue J VI. 526. Vissara [fr. ⅵ十 sarati, of svar] outcry, shout, cry 飜 distress, scream Vin 1.87 ; .152 , 207 : IV. 6 : pvA 22. 245 (s), 279 , 284 ( 。り karoti) ; Sdhp 188. 2 . distress Vin IV. 212 , 229. i 社就 i [vi 十 sarati, of を m to forget Vin 1.207 : IV. 261 : Mhvs 26 , 16. - ー pp. ⅵ s 「 i ね . Vissarita [opp. 0f vissarati] forgotten P 、 ?A 202. Vigsavati [vi 十 savati. of sru) tO ow , ooze Th 1 , 453 = Sn う 05 (). 1. SS vissasati). 地四就 i & ~ i [ ⅵ十 sasati. of 点 ] to confide ⅲ . to put one's trust ⅲ ( 10C. or gen. ). tO be friendly with S I. 79 (vissase) ; J 461 (vissäsayitvä) : Ⅱ 1 48 = 525 (vissäsaye) ; IV. 56 : Ⅵ .292. pp. vissaftha. V 3 a [vi 十 säsa, Of V ] trust, confidence, intimacy, mutual agreement Vin I. 296 , 308 , A .78 : J 1.189 , 487 : MiIn 126 ; Vism , VvA ; PvA 13, 255. —dubbis ・ s diffcult tO be trusted J IV. 462. V a ( & 0ika) (adj. ) [vissäsa) intimate. confidential : trustworthy A 1.26 ; MiIn 146 : DA 1.289. V 地 3 ⅳ a (adj. ) [ d. Of vissåseti] t0 be trusted, trust- worthy PvA 9 : Sdhp 306 , 441 : neg ・ a0 J 1 Ⅱ・ 474 : cp ・ dubbissäsaniya hard t0 trust J IV. 462. V ⅲ (adj. ) [fr. vissäsa) intimate. confidential A Ⅱ : は 30 (asanthavao intimate. although not acquainted). V 地 3 Ⅱ (adj. ) [ⅵ十・ suta, 0f iru] widely famed, renowned, famous Sn 137. 597 , 998 , 1009 : ハ , Ⅱ .74 : Mhvs 5 , ー 9 : PvA 107 ( =düra-ghuttha). Vissus.88ti [vi 十を叫 ] t0 dry up, t0 wither S I. 126 ()n combn ussussati vissussati, with ss from uss0). SpelIing here visuss0, but ss at S Ⅱ I. 149. ーー Caus. visoseti (). v. ). V 地 0 地 (adj. ) [ ⅵ十 sota, of gru] 0 、ヨ away , wasted Miln 294 ・ Vih•ga (viha, sky, 十 ga] a bird (lit. going through the sky) - pati lord 0f birds. a garula Dävs IV. 3 引 38 , DA ー 46. 55 ・ Vihanga=vihaga. ] v. 416 ; PvA 154 , 157 ; Sdhp 24L Vihangama (adj. ) [viha 十 gam] going through the air, flying : (). ) a bird A Ⅱ .39 : Ⅱ I. 43 : Sn 221 , 606 : Th 1, 1108; J I. 216 : Ⅱ I. 255 : DA I. 125=DhsA ー 41. Vih8ifiati [Pass. Of vihanati] t0 struck or slain : t0 be vexed or grieved, t0 get enraged. tO be annoyed, suffer hardship : to be cast down Sn 168 sq. , 買 . ロ ? ( =vighä- äpajjati pvA 150 ) : IV. ゞ (with same expln} : J I. 73. 359 ; Ⅱ・ 442 : v ・ 330 ; DA L289. ーー ppr. ⅵ ha 義れ a Sn ロ 2 1 (with long and detailed exegæis at Nd* 4 ) ; S L28 (a0); PvA ー・ pp ・ vihata DA 1.2 . Vi 恤地 1 [pp. of vihanati] struck. killed, destroyed. impaired lt 100 (where A 1.164 reads vigata) : J Ⅵユ 71 ; Sdhp 313 , 425 ・ 亟ー (adj. ) [cp. Sk. vihrti) broad, wide J Ⅵ .1 (=pu- thula C. ). Vihaaati [ ⅵ十 hanati] to strike, kiil. put an end to. remove A L248 ・ (kankhao ; v. 1. vitarati to be pre- ferred) : Sn 673 ; pot. 3 , 0 sg. vihane Sn 975 (cp. Nd1 509 ) : & vihäne Sn 348 =Th 1, 1268. ger. ⅵ cca : see abhto Pass. vihaååati (). v ・ ). - ー pp. vihata. VthatA48 (nt. ) [fr. vrharati] abiding, dwelling DhsA 4 , 168. Viharati [ ⅵ十 harati) to stay, abide, dwell, sojourn ()n a certain place) : ge 観 . ・ to be, to live : 4 ク卩 . ・ to be- have, lead a life ()s such expld with “ iriyati " at Vism 16 ). Synonyms are given at Vbh 194 with iriyati, マ a , päleti, yapeti, yäpeti, carati ; cp. VbhA 262. Seee. g. D I. 2 ; Sn 136 , 30 島 925 : pug 68 : DhsA 168 : DA L70 , 132 ; PvA 22 , 67 , 78. ーー S I 五 s . ・ aor. 3 sg. vihäsi Sn p. 16 : Pv 11.9 ・ 0 : Mhvs 5 , 233 : P 、 ?A 54 , 121 : 32 pl. vihiosu Th 1, 925. & vihaosu A Ⅱ .21 ; fut. viharissati A I Ⅱ .70 : ⅵ hes Th 1 , 257 : vihissati Th 2 , ー 81 : and vihähisi J 1.298 (doubtful reading ! ) , where C. expl• as “ vijahissati, parihäyissati ” with phrase sukhao vihähisi cp. dukkhao viharati at A 1.95 , and 38 so vihähesi. ーー pp. not found. Vihaviha は or vihaga] a so of bird Th 1.49 (). 1. cihaciha). The C. expl• by “ parillaka. ' V 止 at J Ⅵ .78 ( 10 ta り ) is poetical for vijahämi : C. expl• nifihubhämi, i 、 e. I spit out. Vihåya is ger. of vijahati (q ・ v. ). Vihåyua [cp. Sk. viha & vihäyasa) the air. sky pvA 14. Cases adverbially : 0yasä through the air Mhvs 12, 10, & yasao id J IV. 47. Cp. vehäyasa . & vehäsa. マ止は r. viharati] 1. ( m. & adj. ) spending one's time (sojourmng or walking about), staying in a place, living : place 0f living, stay, abode ()n general) VvA 50 (jala0) : PvA 22. 79 : eka0 living by oneself S Ⅱ .282 sq. : janghä0 wandering on foot PvA 73 ; divä0 passing the time of day Sn 679 : PvA 1 . See also below 3 a. 2. (appld meaning) state 0f life. condition, mode of life ( ⅲ this meaning almost identical with that Of väsa2), e. g. ariya best condition S v. 326 : SnA 136 ; dibba0 supreme con- dition ()f heart) Miln 22 5 ; brahma0 divine state S v. 326 : SnA 136 ; Vism29.5 sq. (ch. IX. ) ; phäsu0 comfortA 111.119, 132 : sukhao happiness S III. 8 : v. 326 : A 43 : れ .23 : III. 131 sq. : IV. 111 sq. , 230 sq. ; v. 10 sq. See / れん D I. 145. ー 96 : 111.220 (dibba, brahma, ariya), 250 (cha satata0), 28 ー : S Ⅱ .273 (jhänaC) : I Ⅱ .235 (id. ) ; A 1 Ⅱ .294 ( 。 kappeti t0 live one's life) : Ps 11.20 : Nett 119 sq. 3. (a) a habitation for a Buddhist mendicant, an abode in the forest (araüüaO), or a hut ; a dwelling. habitation, lodging ( fO て a bhikkhu), a single room Vin 11.207 sq. D II. 7 : A 111.51 , 299 (yathävihärao each to his apart- ment) : Sn 220 (dürao a remote shelter for a bhikkhu), 391 : Vism 118 (different kinds : may be taken as c. ). (b) place f0 て convention of the bhikkhus, meeting place : place for rest & recreation ()n garden or park) DA 1.133. (c) (later) a larger building for housing bhikkhus, an organized monastery. a Vihära Vin 1.58 ; I 買・ 47 : S I. 185 (0päla the guard of the monastery); J 1.126 ; Miln 212 ; Vism 292 : DhA 1.19 (0cärikä visit to the monastery), 49 (0pokkharani), 416 ; Mhvs 19. 77 : PvA 12, 20 , 54 , 67 , 141. 151 ; and passim. See also D な 0 なⅣ 2 ぉ . The modern province Behar bears its name from the vihäras. Vihiraka =vihira 3 (room, hut) Th 2. 94 ( =vasanaka- ovaraka ThA p).

Bhütatta 508 Bheqdi character, neg. a0 PvA 14. -vacana statement of reality or of the truth SnA 336. -vädin truthful, speaking the truth M 1 ; D Ⅱ 1.175 : Pug 58 ; a0 untruthful Dh 306 : J II ・ 4 ー 6. -vikära a natural blemish, fault 0f growth, deformity SnA 189 (opp. nibbikära). -vijjä knowledge 0f demons, exorcism D I. 9 ; Dh I. 93 , cp. D /. 1.17 ). -veJja a healer Of harm caused by demons, an exorcist Vin IV. 84 ; J Ⅱ .2 ー 5 ; 111.511 ・ M ⅱ n23. Bhüt8tta (nt. ) 「 abstr. 仕 . bhüta] the fact of having grown, become or being created (). e. being creatures or part 0f creation) Vism 310 ()n def. of bhütä) : MA 1.32 (id. ). Bhütanaka [cp. *Sk. bhütroa] a fragrant grass : Andro- pogon schcnanthus J Ⅵ .36 (=phanijjaka) : Vism 543 ()o v. 1. for T. bhütinaka). 第返 a (adj. ) ( - 。 ) in cpd. cätummahä0 belongs to the whole expression, v レ . composed of the 4 great elements M 5 巧 . B 面曲 a [diffcult t0 expln : is it an 01d misspelling for bhüta 十 gha ~ The latter 0f a 取 a destroyer of beings Sn 664 (voc. bhünahu, expld by SnA 479 as “ bhüti-hanaka vuddhi-näsaka ' vv. 11. bhünahata, bhünahota, bhühata. a11 showing the diffculty of the archaic word) : J v. 266 (pl. bhünahuno. expld by C. ・ isina13 ativattäro attano vaddhiyä hatattå 272 as bh. ” ). Cp. M I. 502 ("puritanical " suggested by Lord Ch almers). 第 ma ( - 。 ) [=bhümi] 1. (lit. ) ground, country, district S 111.5 (pacchäO the western district). ー 2 ・ (fig ・ ) ground, reason for, occasion : stage. step Sn 896 (avi- vädao ground Of harmony ; according tO SnA 557 Ep. Of Nibbäna). Bhümaka ( & 0ika) (adj ・ ) (only - 。 ) [from bhüma, or bhümi] I. having floors or stories ()f buildings) as dve0 päsäda DhA 1.414 : paica0 päsäda a palace with 5 stories J 58 , 89 ; sattao with 7 stories (päsäda) DhA Ⅱ . 1, 2 ⅸ ). The form 0ika at DhA 182 (dveo geha). 2. belonging t0 a place or district, as jäti0 from the land 0f (their) birth M I. 147 ; pacchä0 from the western country S IV. 3 ロ (brähmaqä). 3. being 0 Ⅱ certain plane or in a certain state, as paritta0 & mahä0 Vbh 340 teo in 3 planes SnA 4 ()f the 5 Khandhas). 510 (0vatta) : DhA L36 (kusala). 305 (0vatta) : Ⅳ .69 (tebhü- maka-vatta-sankhätao Mära-bandhanao), 72 (dhammä) : catuo in 4 planes DhsA 296 (kusala) : DhA 1.35 (citta). The form 0ika at DhA 1.288 (with ref. to citta). Bhåmi (). ) [cp. Vedic bhümi, Av. bümiö soil, ground, to b as in bhavati, cp. Gr. 中 etc. See bhavati] (lit. ) ground, soil, earth Vin Ⅱ 75 : Sn 4 ー 8 (yänao carriage road) : Pv I. 914 : SnA 353 (hetthä-bhümiyao under the earth) : DhA い 4 (id.. opp ・ upari-bhümiyao). 2. place, quarter, district, region M 1.145 (jäti0 district Of one's birth) : Sn 83 ( ) (vighäta0) : Nd2 475 (danta0) : DhA I. 幻 3 (öpäna0) : PvA ) (susäna0). uyyänao garden (-place or Yocality) Vv 6413 : Pv コ 2 ・ J 58. 3. (fig ・ ) ground, plane, stage, level : state of consciousness, Vin. 1.17 : Vbh 322 sq. : Vism 126 , 442 (with ref. to the 4 Patisambhidä. as sekha-bhümi & asekha-bhümi), 舁 7 (paöfiä0-niddesa). Usually indriya0 Nett ー 92 : dassana0 plane of insight Nett 8 , 14, 50 : sukhao ground for happiness Dhs 984 (cp. I)hsA 2 ) ・ bhümi-ttaya the 3 stages, viz. kähåvacara, rüpåvacara, lokuttara Vism 493. bhümiyo Ps 既 205 = Vism 384 (appld to the 4 jhänas) ; purisa0 (attha p. bh. eight stages of the individual; v 肛 . manda-bhümi. khiddä0, vimaosana0, ujugata0 sekhao, samaoao. jina0. panna0, or as trsld by Rh. I). in D L72 , under " eight stages of a prophet's exist- ence ' babyhood, playtime. trial time, erect time. learning time, ascetic time, prophet time & prostrate time. Cp. the decades of man's life, as given by Bdhgh at Vism 6 ー 9 ). - ー Bdhgh. when defining the 2 meanings Of bhümi as “ mahä-pathavi ' ' and as “ citt- uppäda ” (rise Of thought) had in view the distinction between its literal & figurative meaning. But this def. ()t DhsA 2 ) is vague & only popular. ーー An old 10C. of bhümi is bhumyä, e ・ g ・ J 1.507 : v. 84. Another form of bhümi at end of cpds. is bhüma (q ・ v. ). -kampa shaking Of the ground. earthquake Miln ー 78. -gata ・・ gone intO the soil," i. e. hiding, stored away -ghana thick soil SnA 9 , cp ・ pathavi-ghana J 廴 375 ibid. ー 40. -tala ground (-surface) PvA 186. -padesa place or region upon the earth J V1.95 ・ -pappataka outgrowths ⅲ the soil I. 87 = Vism 4 18. -pothana beating the ground DhA I.J 71. -bhäga division of the earth, district J I. IC9 : v. 200 : VvA 125 : PvA 29 , 154 ・ -ladcnfluppanna) acquired on a certain stage of existence -saya lying or sleeping on the ground DhA 11.61. SnA 4. Bhüri1 (). ) (cp. late Sk. b ⅱ月 the earth : given name f0 て the earth (pathavi) at Ps Ⅱ 97 : see also def. at DhsA ・ 7. Besides these only in 2 dÖubtful cpds. , b0th resting on demonology. viz. bhürikamma D I. 12 , expld 4 practices t0 be observed by one living ⅲ a bhüri- (?) DA 97. bvt cp. Vedic ghara or earth-house ' and bhürivijjä much effecting bh ⅱ ri -karman D 9 , expld as “ knowledge Of charms tO be pronounced by one living in an earth-house ” ( ? ) DA L93. See D れ I 8 , 25. The meaning of the terms is obscure : there may have been ()s Kern rightly suggests : see TO . s. v. ) quite a diff. popular practice behind them, which was unknown tO the later Commentator. Kern suggests that bhüri-viJJä might be a secret science tO find go 旧 (digging for it : science 0f hidden treasures), and 0kamma might be “ making gold ' ' (alchemistic science). Perhaps the term bhumma-jäla is t0 be connected with these two. B i2 (adj. ) (cp. Vedic bhüri] wide, extensive, much, abundant, DhsA 147 ()n def. 0f the term bhüril, i. e. 0paMa (adj. ) of ex- earth) ; otherwise only in cpds. tensive wisdom, very wise S IV. 205 : Sn 34 し , 792 , ー 097 , ロ 43 : Pv 1 日 .55 : Ps Ⅱ .197 ( “ pathavi-samäya vittha- täya vipuläya pafifiäya samannägato ti bhüripaööo,' with other definitions) : Ndl 95 (same expln as under Ps ル 197 ) : Nd2 4 巧 C. (id. ). 。 pa a (adj. ) same as 0pa1höa Sn 1136 ~ (cp. Nd2 4 ). ・ 0medhasa (adj. ) very intelligentSI. 42・ー 74 : I Ⅱコ 43 : AIV. 449 ; Sn ロ引 , ロ 36 : Th 1. 1266 ; Pv 1 ル 77. BhürI (). ) [is it original ~ Cp. BSk. bhüri in same sense at Lal. V. 444. 54 ー , MVastu L332 ] knowledge, under- standing, intelligence Dh 282. quoted at DhsA 76 (expld as termed so because it is as widespread as the earth; Dhs ー 6 : DhA III. 421 : same explnat DhsA 148 ) : J Ⅵ・ 4 巧・ Bhüsana (nt. ) [fr. bhü') ornament, decoration Vism 10 (yatino-sila-bhüsana-bhüsitä contrasted to r 匈羲 no muttä・ mani-vibhüsitä). Bhüsä (). ) [fr. bhå') ornament, decoration, only in cpd. bhüsa- (read bhüsä-)dassaney.ya beautiful an 2 ornament PV 111.3 . Bhüseti ℃ aus. of bhü', to be busy ; in meaning “ to adorn ' etc. Expld at l)htp. 3 巧 , 623 by “ alankära ” ] to adorn. embellish, beautify. OnIy in pp ・ bhüsita adorned with ( - 。 ) Pv ル 952 , ロ ? ; 35 ; J V1.53. Cp. vi0. Bheka [cp. Vedic bheka. onomat. ] a 仕 og Th 1, 3 】 0 : J III. 430 ; ー v. 247 : VL208. is fut. of bhindati (q ・ v. ). Bhejj8 (adj ・ ) [grd. 0f bhindati] to be split, only in neg. form abhejja not to be split 0 「 sundered Sn 255 . J L263 : 日 I. 8 : Pug 30 : Miln 新 0 , ー 99. Bhejjanaka (adj. ) [ 仕 . bhejja) breakable : like bhejja only in neg. form abhejjanaka indestructible J 393 ・ B di [perhaps identical with & only wrong spelling

Nivattana 372 Nivutta Nivattana (nt. ) は r. nivattati] 1. returning, turning, fig ・ turning away from, giving up, ー conversion ” PVA 120 (päpato). 2. a bend, curve ()f a river), ・ 00k J I ・ 324 : ルロ 7. 巧 8 : Ⅳ .256 : v. 162. Nivattaniya (adj. ) (grd. formation fr. nivattana] only neg. a0 not liable tO return, not returning DhA 1.63. Nivatti (). ) [fr. ⅲ十・ vrt] returning, return PvA 9 (gati0 going & coming). Nivattha ()p ・ ) ゆ p. of ni 十 vasatit] clothed in or with ( - 。 or acc. ), dressed; covered S I. 1 15 : J I ・ 59 (su0), 307 (sätakao) : PvA 47 , 49 (dibbavattha0), 50. Nivapati [ni 十 vapati] to heap up, sow, throw (food) M 1 ・ 151 sq ・ (niväpao) ・ pp. nivutta (q ・ v ・ ) ・ Nivaraqa see vi . Nivarati [ni 十 varati] only in Caus. れⅳ代 ti (). v ・ ). pp ・ nivuta. Nivasati [ni 十 vasati2] to live, dwell, inhabit, stay Vin pp. nivuttha, CP. alSO niväsana2 & niväsin. Nivaha は r. ⅲ十 vah] multitude, quantity, heap Dävs Ⅳ・ 53 : v ・ 14. 24 , 62. Nivätal (adj. ) [Sk. niväta, ni 十 väta " wind-down " ] with the wind gone down, i. e. without wind, sheltered 丘 om the wind. protected, safe, secure Vin 1.57 , 72 ; M 1.76 = A 1.137 (kütägära) : A 1( 月 (id. ) : lt 92 (rahada) : Th 1 , 1 (kufikä); 2 , 376 (päsäda). (nt. ) a calm (opp ・ paväta) Vin 11.79. Niväta2 [identical with nivätal , sheltered from the wind = 10W ] lowliness, humbleness. obedience, gentleness M I. 125 : Sn 265 (=nicavattana KhA 4 ) : J VI. 252 : Pv IV. 2. Cp. M Vastu 11 ・ 423 ・ Freq. in cpd. niväta- vutti (id. ) A Ⅱ L43 : Sn 326 (=nicavutti SnA 333 ) : J Ⅱ I. 262 : Miln ) , 207 : VvA 347. Nivätaka [fr. nivätal) a sheltered place, a place of escape, opportunity (for hiding) J L289 = v ・ 435 : cp. Miln 205 (where reading is nimantaka, with v. l. nivätaka, see note on p. 426 ) ・ See Com. on this stanza at J v ・ 437 ・ ⅳ pa Ccp. Sk. niväpa, ni 十 vap, cp ・ nivapati] food thrown (for feeding), fodder, bait ; gift, portion, ration M 1 ・ 151 sq. (Niväpa-sutta); J I. 150 ; Ⅱ I. 271 ; DhA 1.233 (share) : 111.303 : VvA 63 (digupao り pacitvä cooking a double portion). Cp. neväpika. -tiqa grass tO eat J I. 1 5 ( ) : -puttha fed on grains Dh 325 ( = kundakådinä sükara-bhattena puttho DhA IV. 16=Nett 129 =Th : -bhojana a meal on food given, a feeding M I. 156 ). Niväyäsa ( り oozing of trees : Bdhgh's expln of ikkäsa at Vin Ⅱ .321. See niyyäsa. N a (nt. & adj. ) [fr. niväreti] warding 0 , keeping back, preventing : refusal Sn 1034 , 1035 , 1106 (=Nd2 363 äväraoa rakkhana gopana) : DhsA 259 : PvA 102. 278 : Sdhp 396. Niväraya (adj. ) [grd. of niväreti] in dun0 hard to check or keep back MiIn 2 1 ( 十 durävarapa). Nivärita (adj ・ ) ゆ p. of niväreti] unobstructed, open pvA 202 ( =anävata). Niviretar [n. agent to niväreti] one who holds back or refuses (entrance) (opp. pavesetar) D 11.83 = S IV 94 = A v は 94 (doväriko aöfiätänao niväretä iätänam pave- setä). Nivireti 「 Caus. 0f nivarati] to keep back, to hold back from (). abl.), tO restrain : tO refuse, obstruct, forbid, warn Vin I 6 い L220 : S 1.7 (cittao niväreyya), ー 4 (yato mano niväraye) ; Ⅳ .195 (cittao); Dh 77 , ロ 6 (päpä cittao niväraye) ; J 1.263 : Pv I Ⅱ .74 : VvA 69 : PvA 79 , ー 02 : DhA I. 41. Niväsa [fr. nivasati2] stopping, dwelling, resting-place, abode ; living, sheltering J I. ロ 5 ( 。 9 kappeti to put (p) : Ⅱ . 110 : PvA 76. 78. UsuaIIy in phrase pubbe-niväsao anussarati ー tO remcmber one'S former abOde or place of éxistence ( ⅲ a former life), characterising the faculty Of remembering one's former birth D I コ 3 , 巧 , 山 , 8 S I. 167 , 175 , 196 ; Ⅱ . ロ 2 , 213 : v. 265. 3C5 : A I. 25. 164 : Ⅱ .183 : Ⅱ L323 , 418 sq. : Iv.J41 sq ・ : v ・ 2 ロ , 339 ・ AISO in pubbeniväsao vedi lt 100 : Sn 647 (T)h 423 : p-n-patisaoyuttä dhammikathä D Ⅱ . I : p-n-anussati- fiäna D III. 110. 220 , 275 ; A IV. 177. Cp. neväsika. Niväsanal (adj. -nt. ) [ f 「 . niväseti] dressed, clothed : dress- ing, clothing, undergarment (opp ・ pärupana) Vin 1.46 ; Ⅱ .228 : J I. 182 (manäpa0), 421 : Ⅱ I. 82 : PvA 50 , 74 , 76 , 173 (pi10tikakkhanda0 dressed in rags). Niväsana2 (nt. ) [fr. nivasati2] dwelling, abOde PvA 44 (0!thäna place of abode), 76 (id. ). Niväsika (adj ・ ) [fr. niväsa] staying, living, dwelling J II ・ 435 ( =nibaddha-vasanaka C. ). Niväsin (adj. -n. ) [t0 nivasati] dwelling, staying : (). ) an inhabitant Dävs v. 45 ・ Niväseti [Caus. Of nivasatil) tO dress oneself, tO put on (the undergarment), t0 get clothed or dressed. Freq. in ster. phrase pubbanhasamayao niväsetvä patta- describing the setting out on h1S civaram ädäya round Of the bhikkhu : e. g. 1. 卩 ) 9 , 178 , 2 ( ) 5 , 226. J I. 2 ( ) 5 : Pug 56 : Pv Vin I. 46 : IL137 , 194 ; D ll. に 7 ・ 1.1 ( ) 3 : PvA 49 , 61, 75 , に 7 (niväsessati 十 pärupissati), リ 7 ( =pärupämi). - ー・ Caus. niväsäpeti tO cau•se or order to be dressed (with 2 acc. ) J I. 5 ( ) : ー v. 142 : DhA I. 2 2 3. Nivicikicchä see nibbicikicchä ; M L26 ( ). Nivijjha see ⅵ . Nivittha (adj ・ ) [pp. 0f nivisati] settled, established (in) : confirmed, sure : fixed on, bent on, devoted tO い OC. ) Sn 57 ( =satta allina etc. Nd2 364 ) , 756 , 774 , 781 (ruciyä), 824 (saccesu), 892 ; Nd1 38 , い 5. 162 : lt 35 , 77 : J I. 89 , 259 (adhammasmio) : Miln 361 : VvA 97 (0gäma. built, situated) : DA I. 9 ) (su0 & dun0 of a street =well & badly built or situate). Cp. abhi0 Nivisati [ni 十 visati] tO enter, stop, settle down on ( IOC. ). tO resort tO, establish oneself Vin 1.207 : J I. 309 = pp. nivit!ha ger. IV. 2 1 7 (yasmio mano nivisati). nivissa (). V. ). Caus. mveseti. Nivissa-vädin (adj. - Ⅱ . ) [nivissa (ger. 0f nivisati) 十 vädinl speaking in the manner Of being settled or sure," a dogmatist Sn 910 , 9 リ , expld at Nd1 326 as ・ sas.sato 10k0 idam eva saccao, mogham ' at SnA 560 ー jänämi passämi tath' eva etan ti. ' Nivuta (adj. ) CPP. 0f nivarati (niväreti) cp. nivärita) sur- rounded, hemmed in, obstructed, enveloped l) I. 24 ら : S Ⅱ .24 : IV. 127 : Sn 348 (tamoO). I( ) 32 , 1082 : lt 8 : Nd2 365 ( =ophuta, pa!icchanna. pa!ikujjita) : Miln ーい・ SnA 596 ( =pariyonaddha). Nivuttal (pp. ) [PP. 0f ni 十 ca!led, termed. designated PvA 73 (dasavassa-satäni, vassa-sahassao n. 0ti ). Nivutta2 (pp. ) [Sk. *nyupta, PP. 0f vapatil t0 shear] shorn, shaved, trimmed Sn 456 (0kesa = apagatakesa, ohäritakesamassu SnA 403 ) ・ Nivutt83 (pp. ) [Sk. *nyupta. PP ・ of vapati2 t0 sow] sown. thrown ()f f00d), offered, given M 1. 巧 2 : J 日 L272.