268 BuiId YO ca 加ね「 y 730. V ℃ ARIOUS (A) substitutional (B) aggressive (C) sporadic (D) reverent (E) internal 731. VIGILANCE (A) bivouac (B) guide (C) watchfulness (D) mob rule (E) posse 732. V 旧 FY (A) erect (B) eulogize (C) better (D) verify (E) horrify Word List 50 volatile-zephyr ・ VOlatile ADJ. evaporating rapidly; lighthearted; me 「 curial. EthyI chloride is a very vo/ati/e liquid. VOlition N. act Of making a conscious choice. She selected this dress Of her own / 0 / ″わ〃 . voluble ADJ.fIuent; glib. She was a / 0 ルわ / e speaker, always ready t0 回 k. voluminous ADJ. bulky; は「 ge. Despite her family burdens, she kept up a レ 0 ル m 加 ous CO 「「 espondence with her friends. VOlUPtUOUS ADJ. gratifying the senses. The nobility during the Renaissance led / 0 ル p ル ous lives. voracious ADJ. 「 avenous. The WO げ iS a voracious animal, its hunger never satisfied. votary N. follower Of a cult. She was a / 0 ね Of every new movement in literature and art. vouchsafe v. grant condescendingly; gua 「 antee. ー can safely / 0 レ c わ sa you a fair return on your investment. ■ vulnerable ADJ. susceptible tO wounds. Achilles was / - nerab/e only in his heel. vulpine ADJ. like a fox; crafty. She disliked his sly ways, but granted him a certain vu/pine intelligence. vying v. contending. Why are we 〃加 g with each otherfor her favors? Vie, V. waft v. moved gently by wind 0 「 waves. Daydreaming, he gazed at the leaves which wafted past his window. waggish ADJ. mischievous; humorous; tricky. He was a prankster whO, unfortunately, often overlooked the dam- age he could cause with his waggish tricks. waif N. homeless child 0 「 animal. Although he already had eight cats, he could not resist adopting yet another feline waif. waive v. give up temporarily; yield.l will wa ル e my rights in this matter in 0 「 de 「 tO expedite ou 「 reaching a p 「 oper decision. wallow v. 「 0 旧 n ; indulge in; become helpless. The hippo- potamus loves tO ル a / / 0 ル in the mud. wan ADJ. having a pale 0 「 sickly color; pallid. Suckling asked, "Why SO pale and wan, fond lover?" wane v. grow gradually smaller. From now until December 21 , the winter equinox, the hours of daylight will ル a 〃 e. wangle v. wiggle out; fake. She tried tO wang/e an invitation tO the party. wanton ADJ. unruly; unchaste; excessive. HiS ル a 〃わ〃 , drunken ways cost him many friends. warble v. sing; babble. Every morning the birds warb/ed outside her window. 引 SO N. wa 「 rant v. justify; authorize. Before the judge issues the injunction, you must convince her thiS action iS ル a ″ä〃 d.. 733. VIND ℃ TIVE (A) revengeful (B) fearful (C) divided (D) literal (E) convincing 734. V 旧 ULENT (A) sensuous (B) malignant (C) masculine (D) conforming (E) approaching VISAGE (A) doubt (B) personality (C) hermitage (D) face (E) armor 735. tax refund is quite a ル加 d / /. windfall N. fallen fruit; unexpected lucky event. This huge the blackboard made her ル加 ce. wince v. shrink back; flinch. The screech Of the chalk on trouble. wily ADJ. cunning; artful. She is as wi/yas a fox in avoiding Of the ルわ 0 「 / S on the fingers. fingerprints is based on the difference in shape and number whorl N. ring Of leaves around stem; ring.ldentification by 0 「 understanding in your observations. whit N. smallest speck. There is not a Ⅳわ″ of intelligence nose, it sounded as if he ルわ / 〃〃 / ed. whinny v. neigh like a horse. When he laughed through his whimsica/ play. ■ whimsical ADJ. capricious; fanciful; quaint. Peter Pan is a mealis served. ルわ e ″加 g my appetite;l will be ravenous by the time the whet v. sharpen; stimulate. The 0d0 「 s from the kitchen are dO fO 「 breeding, but he'd make a fine pet. whelp N. young wo げ , dog, tiger, etc. This collie ルカ e won't father. she can wheed/e almost anything she wants f 「 om her wheedle v. cajole; coax; deceive by 利 a e Ⅳ . She knows ered with we/ts and bruises. child abuse was very clear; Jennifer's small body was cov- welt N. mark from a beating 0 「 whipping. The evidence of culty, as he had no one in whom tO confide. He weathered the changes in his personallife with diffi- weathe 「 V. endure the effects Of weather 0 「 Other forces. eating junk fOOd and stick tO fruits and vegetables. activity. He decided he would wean himself away from wean V. accustom a baby not tO nurse; give up a cherished victim as he passed through the da 「 k alley going home. waylay v. ambush; lie in wait. They agreed わ way/ay their waxed and he became rich. wax v. increase; grow. With proper handling, his fortunes had dissipated his inheritance. wastrel N. profligate. He was denounced as a wastre/ who proached the sentry. wary ADJ. very cautious. The spies grew ル a as they ap- packed with people t00 P00 「 tO live elsewhere. in which people live. The tenement was a veritable warren, wa 「 ren N. tunnels in which rabbits live; crowded conditions 0 「 50 , 000 miles. n タ that he will replace any defective part fO 「 five years Of this automobile is protected by the manufacturer's ル a 「 - warranty N. guarantee; assurance by seller. The purchaser

exaction N. exorbitant demand; extortion. The colonies . re- belled againstthe exactions Of the mother country. ■ exalt v. raise in rank 0 「 dignity; praise. The actor Alec Guiness was exa/ted tO the rank Of knighthood by the queen. exasperate v. vex. Johnny often exasperates his mother with his pranks. exchequer N. treasury. He had been Chancellor Of the Ex- eq 「 before his promotion t0 the office he now hO 旧 s. excision N. act Of cutting away. With the excision Of the dead and dying limbs 0f this tree, you have not on ツ im- proved its appearance but you have enhanced its chances 0f bearing f 「 u は . excoriate v. flay; abrade. These shoes are so ill-fitting that they will excoriate the feet and create blisters. exculpate v. clear from blame. He was excu/pated Of the C 「 ime When the 「 e criminal confessed. execrable ADJ. very bad. The anecdote was in execrab/e taste and shocked the audience. execrate V. curse; express abhorrence fO 「 . The world exe- crates the memory Of HitIer and hopes that genocide will never again be the policy Of any nation. ・ execute v. put intO effect; carry out. The choreographer wanted 10 see hOW well she could execute a pirouette. (secondary meaning) execution, N. exegesis N. explanation, especially Of Biblical passages.l can fOIIOW your exegesis Of this passage tO a limited de- gree; some Of your reasoning eludes me. exemplary ADJ. serving as a model; outstanding. Her exem- p/ary behavior was praised at Commencement. exertion N. effort; expenditure Of much physical WO 「 k. The exertion spent in unscrewing the rusty bO は負 her ex- hausted. ■ exhaustive ADJ. thorough; comprehensive. We have made an exhaustive study Of all published SAT tests and are happy tO share ou 「 research with you. exhort v. urge. The evangelist will ex カ 0 all sinners in his audience 10 「 efO 「 m. exhume V. dig 0 猷 Of the ground; remove from a grave. Because Of the 「 umo 「 that he had been poisoned, his bOdy was exhumed in 0 「 de 「 that an autopsy might be performed. exigency N. urgent situation.ln this exigency, we mustlook fo 「 aid from ou 「 allies. exodus N. departure. The exodus from the hOt and stuffy city was particularly noticeable on Friday evenings. ex OffiCiO ADJ. by virtue Of one's Office. The Mayor was ex 0 所とわ chairman Of the committee that decided the annual tax rate. SO ADV. exonerate V. acquit; exculpate.l am sure thisletter naming the actual culprit will exonerate you. exorbitant ADJ. excessive. The people grumbled at his ex- 0 ″ä prices but paid them because he had a monopo ツ . Basic WO List 201 exorcise V. drive out evil spirits. By incantation and prayer, the medicine man sought tO exorcise the evil spirits which had taken possession of the young wa ⅲ 0 「 . exotic ADJ. not native; strange. Because Of his exotic head- dress, he was followed in the streets by small children wh0 laughed at his strange appearance. expatiate v. talk atlength. At this time, please give us a brief resumé Of your work; we shall permit you tO expatiate は te 「 . expatriate N. exile; someone WhO has withd 「 awn from his native land. Henry James was an American expatriate whO settled in EngIand. ■ expedient ADJ. suitable; practical; politic. A pragmatic politician, he was guided by what was expedient rather than by what was ethical. expediency, N. ・ expedite \/. hasten. We hope you will be able tO expedite delivery because Of ou 「 tight schedule. expeditiously ADV. rapidly and efficiently. Please adjust this matter as expeditious/y as possible as it is delaying impor- tant WO 「 k. expertise N. specialized knowledge; expert skill. AIthough she was knowledgeable in a number Of fields, she was hired for her particular expertise in computer program- rnlng. expiate v. make amends fO 「 (a sin). He tried tO expiate his crimes by a full confession tO the authorities. expletive N. interjection; profane oath. The sergeant's re- marks were filled with exp/etives that offended the new recruits. ■ explicit ADJ. definite; open. Your remarks are exp/icit; no one can misinte 「 pret them. ・ exploit N. deed or action, particularly a brave deed. 日 ao WalIenberg was noted f0 「 his exp/oits in rescuing Jews from Hitler's forces. ■ explOit V. make use Of, sometimes unjustly. Cesar Chavez fought attempts tO exp/oit migrant farmworkers in CaIifO 「 nia. exploitation, N. expostulation N. remonstrance. Despite the teacher's scoldings and expostu/ations, the class remained unruly. expunge v. cancel; remove. げ you behave,l will expunge this notation from your 「 eco 「 d. expurgate \/. clean; remove offensive parts Of a bOOk. The editors felt that certain passages in the b00k had tO be expurgated before it could be used in the classroom. extant ADJ. still in existence. Although the authorities sup- pressed the bOOk, many copies are extant and may be pu 「 chased at exorbitant prices. extemporaneous ADJ. not planned; impromptu. Because his extemporaneous remarks were misinterpreted, he decided tO write all his speeches in advance. extenuate V. weaken; mitigate. は is easier fO 「 us tO extenu- ate ou 「 own shortcomings than those Of Others. extirpate V. 「 00t up. The Salem witch trials were a mis- guided attempt tO exfrrpate superstition and heresy.

entice v.lure; attract; tempt. She always tried tO entice her baby brother into mischief. entity N. 「 e being. As soon as the Charter was adopted, the United Nations became an entity and had tO be consid- ered as a factor in world diplomacy. entomology N. study of insects. lfound entomo/ogy the least interesting part of my course in biology; studying in- sects bored me. entrance V. put under a spell; carry away with emotion. Shafts Of sunlight on a wall could entrance her and leave her spellbound. entreat v. plead; ask earnestly. She entreated her father to 回 her stay out till midnight. entree N. entrance; a way in. Because 0f his wealth and social position, he had entree intO the most exclusive cir- Cles. entrepreneur N. businessman; contractor. Opponents of ou 「 present tax program argue that it discourages entre- preneurs from trying new fields Of business activity. enunciate v. speak distinctly. How will people understand you if you dO not enunciate 2 environ \/. enclose; surround.ln medieval days, paris was environed by a wall. environs, N. ■ ephemeral ADJ. short-lived; fleeting. The mayfly is an ephemera/ creature. epiC N. long heroic poem, novel, 0 「 similar work Of art. Kurosawa's film Seven Samurai is an epic portraying the struggle Of seven warriors tO destroy a band Of robbers. SO ADJ. epicure N. connoisseur Of fOOd and drink. Epicures f 「 e- quent thiS restaurant because it features exotic wines and dishes. epicurean N. person whO devotes himself tO pleasures Of the senses, especially tO fOOd. This restaurant is famous for its menu, which can cater tO the most exotic whim Of the ep/curean. a 0 ADJ. epigram N. witty thought or saying, usually short. P00 「 Rich- ard's ep/grams made Benjamin Franklin famous. epilogue N. short speech at conclusion Of dramatic WO 「 k. The audience was SO disappointed in the play that many did not remain 10 hear the epi/ogue. epitaph N. inscription in memory Of a dead person.ln his will, he dictated the epitaph he wanted placed on his tomb- stone. epithet N. descriptive word 0 「 phrase. Home 「 's writings were featured by the use Of such epithets as "rosy-fingered dawn. ' epitome N. summary; concise abstract. This final bOOk is the epitome Of all his previous bOOks. epitomize, v. epoch N. period Of time. The glacial epoch lasted for thou- sands Of years. equable ADJ. tranquil; steady; uniform. After the hOt sum- mers and CO 旧 winters Of New England, he found the cli- mate Of the WestIndies equab/e and pleasant. Basic WO List 199 equanimity N. calmness Of temperament.ln his later years, he could IOOk upon the foolishness Of the world with eq - 〃 / 万 7 / and humor. equestrian N. rider on horseback. These paths in the park are reserved fO 「 equestrians and their SteedS. a 0 ADJ. equilibrium N. balance. After the divo ℃ e, he needed some time tO regain his eq し / / / わ「ル m. equine ADJ. resembling a horse. His long, bony face had an equine lOOk わ it. equinox N. periOd Of equaldays and nights; the beginning Of Spring and Autumn. The vernal equinox is usually marked by heavy rainstorms. equipage N. horse-drawn carriage. The equipage drew up before the inn and the passengers stepped 0u1. equipoise N. balance; balancing force; equilibrium. The high wire acrobat used his po as an eqlJ/po/se tO over- come the swaying caused by the wind. equitable ADJ. fair; impartial. ー am seeking an equ/tab/e solution tO this dispute, one which will be fair and accept- able to both Sides. equity N. fairness; justice. Our courts guarantee equity tO ・ equivocal ADJ. doubtful; ambiguous. Macbeth was mi ・ s- led by the equivoca/ statements Of the witches. equivocate V. lie; mislead; attemptto conceal the t 「 u 物 . The audience saw through his attempts tO equivocate on,the subject under discussion and ridiculed hiS remarks. erode v. eat away. The limestone was eroded by the drip- ping water. erosion, N. erotic ADJ. pertaining tO passionate love. The erotic pas- sages in this novel should be removed as they are me 「 ely pornog 「 aphic. errant ADJ. wan ・ dering. Many a charming tale ・ has been written about the knights-errant whO helped the weak and punished the guilty during the Age 0f Chivalry. ・ erratic ADJ. Odd; unpredictable,lnvestors become anx- ious when the stock market appears erratic. ■ erroneous ADJ. mistaken; wrong.l thought my answer / was correct, but は was e 〃 0 〃 eous. erudite ADJ.Iearned; scholarly. His erudite writing was dif- ficult tO read because Of the many allusions which were unfamiliar tO most readers. erudition, N. erudition N. high degree Of knowledge and learning. AI- though they respected his e ル d / ″ 0 〃 , the populace refused tO listen tO his words Of caution and tu 「 ned tO less learned leaders. escapade N. prank; flighty conduct. The headmaster could not regard this latest escapade as a boyish joke and ex- pelled the young man. eschew v. avoid. He tried to eschew all display of temper. escutcheon N. shield-shaped surface on which coat Of arms is placed. His traitorous acts placed a shameful blOt on the family escutcheon.

194 BuiId YO c 曲 u ね「 y dismember v. cut intO small parts. When the Austrian Em- pire was dismembered, several new countries were estab- lished. dismiSS V. put away from consideration; reject. Believing in JOhn's love for her, she dismissedthe notion that he might be unfaithful. (secondary meaning) ・ disparage v. belittle. DO not disparage anyone's contri- bution; these little gifts add up tO large sums. disparaging, ADJ. ・ disparity N. difference; condition Of inequality. The dis- pantyin theirages made nodifferenceatall. disparate, ADJ. ・ dispassionate ADJ. calm; impartial. a dispassionate analysis Of the problem, he carefully examined the causes Of the conflict and p 「 oceeded tO suggest suitable remedies. ・ dispel v. scatter; drive away; cause tO vanish. The bright sunlight eventually dispe//ed the morning mist. ・ disperse v. scatter. The police fired tear gar intO the crowd tO disperse the protesters. dispersion N. scattering. The dispersion Of this group throughout the world may be explained by their expulsion from their homeland. dispirited ADJ.lacking in spirit. The coacb used allthe tricks at his command tO buoy up the enthusiasm Of his team, which had become dispirited at the IOSS Of the star player. ・ disputatious ADJ. argumentative; fond Of argument. Peo- ple avoided discussing contemporary problems with him because Of his d/sputatious manner. disquisition N. a formal systematic inquiry; an explanation Of the results Of a formal inquiry. his d/sqwsition, he outlined the steps he had taken in reaching his conclu- ons. dissection N. analysis; cutting apart in 0 「 de 「 tO examine. The dissection of frogs in the は bo 「 ato 「 y is pa 「 ticularly un- pleasant tO some students. dissemble v. disguise; pretend. Even though you are trying tO dissemb/e your motive in joining this group, we can see through your pretense. ■ disseminate V. scatte 「 (like seeds). The invention Of the radiO has helped propagandists tO disseminate their favor- ite doctrines very easily. ■ dissent v. disagree.ln the recent Supreme Court deci- sion, Justice Marshall dissentedfrom the majority opinion. SO N. dissertation N. fO 「 m 引 essay.ln 0 「 de 「 10 earn a graduate degree from many Of OIJ 「 universities, a candidate iS fre- quently required tO prepare a d se 々ä〃わ〃 on some schOl- arly subject. dissimulate v. pretend; conceal by feigning. She tried t0 d s / 加し / å her grief by her exuberant attitude. dissipate v. squander. The young man quickly dissipated hiS inheritance and was soon broke. dissolute ADJ. loose in morals. The disso/ute lifeled by the ancient Romans iS indeed shocking. ■ dissonance N. discord. Some contemporary musicians deliberately use dissonance tO achieve certain effects. dissuade v. advise against. He could not dissuade his friend from joining the conspirators. dissuasion N. advice against. All his powers Of dissuasion were useless; they failed tO heed his warning. distaff ADJ. female. His ancestors on the distaffside were equally as famous as his father's progenitors. distant ADJ. reserved 0 「 alOOf; CO 旧 in manner. His distant greeting made me feel unwelcome from the start. (second- ary meaning) distend v. expand; swell out.l can tell when he is under stress by the way the veins distend on his forehead. distortion N. twisting out Of shape. は is difficult to believe the newspaper accounts Of this event because Of the d わ「 - ″ 0 〃 s and exaggerations written by the reporters. distrait ADJ. absentminded. Because Of his concentration on the problem, the professor 0ften appeared distrait and unconcerned about routine. distraught ADJ. upset; distracted by anxiety. The d なし y parents frantically searched the ravine fO 「 their lOSt child. diurnal ADJ. daily. A farmer cannot neglect his diurna/tasks at any time; cows, fO 「 example, must be milked regularly. diva N. operatic singer; prima donna. Although world fa- mous as a diva, she did notindulge in fits oftemperament. diverge V. va 「 y; go in different directions from the same point. The spokes Of the wheel d/verge from the hub. ・ divergent ADJ. differing; deviating. The tWO witnesses presented the jury with remarkably dwergent accounts 0f the same episode. divergence, N. divers ADJ. several; differing. We could hear divers opin- ions Of his ability. ・ diverse ADJ. differing in some characteristics; various. There are diverse ways Of approaching this p 「 0b m. ・ diversion N. act Of tu 「 ning aside; pastime. After study- ing fO 「 several hours, he needed a diversion from WO 「 k. divert, V. diversity N. variety; dissimilitude. The d/versity 0f colleges in this country indicates that manylevels Of ability are being cared fO 「 . divest v. strip; deprive. He was divested Of his power tO act and could no longer govern. divestiture, N. divination N. foreseeing the future with aid Of magic.l base my opinions not on any special gift Of d ル加 a ″ on but on the laws Of probability. divulge v. reveal.l will not tell you this news because ー am sure you will divu/ge it prematurely. dOCiIe ADJ. obedient; easily managed. As doci/e as he seems tOday, that 0 旧 lion was once a ferocious, snarling beast. docility, N. dOCket N. program as for trial; bOOk where such entries are made. The case Of Smith vs. Jones was entered in the docket f0 「 JuIy 15. a 0 v. ・ document v. provide written evidence. She kept allthe receipts from her business trip in 0 「 de 「 tO document her expenses fO 「 the firm. 引 SO N.

190 i YourVocabulary defunct ADJ. dead; no longer in use 0 「 existence. The law- yers sought tO examine the bOOks Of the defunctcorpora- tion. degraded ADJ. lowered in rank; debased. The degraded wretch spoke on ツ Qf his past glories and hono 「 s. deify v. tu 「 n intO a god; idolize. Admire the rock star all you want; just don't deify him. deign v. condescend. Hefeltthat he would debase himself if he deigned tO answer his critics. delectable ADJ. delightful; delicious. We thanked our host fo 「 a most de/ectab/e meal. delete v. erase; strike out. げ you de/ete this paragraph, the composition will have more appeal. ・ deleterious ADJ. harmful. Workers in nuclear research must avoid the de/eterious effects Of radioactive sub- stances. ■ deliberate v. conside 「 ; ponder. Offered the newjob, she asked for time t0 de/iberate before she tO 旧 them her deci- on . ■ delineate N. portray. He is a powerful storyteller, but he is weakest when he attempts tO de/ineate character. delineafion, N. deliquescent ADJ. capable Of absorbing moisture from the air and becoming liquid. Since this powder is extremely de/iquescent, it must be keptin a hermetically sealed con- tainer unti! it is used. delirium N. mental disorder marked by confusion. The drunkard in his de/ir/um saw strange animals. delude v. deceive. Do not de/ude yourself into believing that he will relent. deluge N. flOOd; rush. When we advertised the position, we received a de/uge Of applications. deiusion N. false belief; hallucination. This scheme is a snare and a de/usion. delusive ADJ. deceptive; raising vain ・ hopes. DO not 「 aise your hopes on the basis Of his de/usive promises. delve v. dig; investigate. De/ving into 0 bOOks and manu- scripts is part Of a researcher's jOb. demagogue N. person wh0 appeais tO people's prejudice, false leade 「 Of people. He was accused Of being a dema- 00g し e because he made promises which aroused futile hopes in his listeners. demean v. degrade; humiliate. He felt that he would de- mean himself if he replied t0 the scurrilous letter. demeanor N. behavior; bearing. His SOber demeanor qui- eted the noisy revelers. demented ADJ. insane. She became increasingly more de- mented and had tO be hospitalized. demise N. death. Upon the demise 0f the dictator, a bitter dispute about succession tO power developed. demolition N. destruction. One Of the major aims Of the air force was the complete demo/ition Of all means Of transpor- tation by bombing 0f rail lines and terminals. demolish, N. demoniac ADJ. fiendish. The Spanish lnquisition devised many demoniac means Of torture. demon, N. demotic ADJ. pertaining tO the people. He lamented the passing Of aristocratic society and maintained that a de- motic society would lower the nation's standards. demur v. delay; object. TO demur at this time will on ツ worsen the already serious situation; now iS the time fO 「 action. demure ADJ. g 「 ave; serious; COY. She was demure and reserved. denigrate v. blacken. AII attempts t0 denigrate the charac- ter Of ourlate President have failed; the people sti 旧 ove him and cherish his memory. denizen N. inhabitant Of. Ghosts are denizens Of the land Of the dead whO return tO earth. denotation N. meaning; distinguishing by name. A dictio- nary will always give us the deno ね〃 0f a word; fre- quently, it will SO give us its conno ね tion. denouement N. outcome; final• development Of the plot of a play. The play was childishly written; the denouement was Obvious tO sophisticated theatergoers as early as the mid- dle of the first act. ■ denounce V. condemn; criticize. The reform candidate denounced the corrupt city officers for having betrayed the public's trust. denunciation, N. ー depict v. portray.ln this book, the au 物 0 「 depicts the slave owners as kind and benevolent masters. depilate v. remove hair. Many women depi/ate theirlegs With a 「 azo 「 ; some use a cream. ・ deplete v. reduce; exhaust. We must wait until we de- p/ete our present inventory before we 0 「 de 「 replacements. deplore v. regret. AIthough ー dep/ore the vulgarity Of your language,l defend your 「 ight tO express yourself freely. deploy V. move troops SO that the battle line is extended at the expense Of depth. The general ordered the battalion tO dep/oy in order tO meet the offensive Of the enemy 、 depose V. dethrone; remove from Office. The army at- tempted tO depose the king and set up a military govern- ment. deposition N. testimony under oatff. He made his deposition in the judge's chamber. ■ depravity N. corruption; wickedness. The depravityof the tyrant's behavior shocked all. deprave, v. ■ deprecate v. disapprove regretfully.l must deprecate your attitude and hope that you will change your mind. deprecatory ADJ. disapproving. Your deprecatory criticism has offended the author. depreciate v.lessen in value. げ you neglect this property, it will depreciate. depredation N. plundering. After the depredations 0f the invaders, the people were penniless. deranged ADJ. insane. He had tO be institutionalized be- cause he was mentally deranged,. derelict ADJ. abandoned. The dere/ict craft was a menace tO navigation. 引 SO N.

COllier N. worker in co 引 mine; ship carrying coal. The ex- tended co spell has prevented the co ″ / 「 s from delivering the CO 引 to the docks as scheduled. colloquial ADJ. pertaining t0 conversational 0 「 common speech. Your use of co / / 04u / expressi&ns in a f0 「 m essay such as the one you have presented spoils the effect you hope tO achieve. colloquy N. informal discussion.l enjoy ou 「 co//oquies, but lsometimes wish that they could be made more formaland more searching. collusion N. conspiring in a fraudulent scheme. The swin- dlers were found guilty of co//usion. colossal ADJ. huge. Radio City Music Hall has a co/ossa/ stage. comatose ADJ. in a coma; extremely sleepy. The long- winded orator soon had his audience in a comatose state. combustible ADJ. easily burned. After the 「 ecent outbreak of fires in private homes, the fire commissioner ordered that all combustib/e materials be kept in safe containers. so N. comely ADJ. attractive; agreeable.l would rather have a P00 「 and come/y wife than a rich and homely one. comestible N. something fit to be eaten. The roast turkey and Other comestib/es, the wines, and the excellent service made this Thanksgiving dinne 「 particularly memorable. comeuppance N. rebuke; deserts. After his earlier rude- ness, we were delighted tO see him get his comeuppance. comity N. courtesy; civility. A spirit Of com/ty should exist among nations. commandeer V. tO draft fO 「 military purposes; to take fo 「 public use. The policeman commandeeredthe first carthat approached and ordered the driver tO go tO the nearest hospital. commemo 「 ative ADJ. remembering; honoring. The new commemorativestamp honorsthelateMartin LutherKing, Jr. commensurate ADJ. equalin extent. Your reward will be commensurate with your e 幵 0 「 t. commiserate \/. feel or express pity 0 「 sympathy f0 「 . Her friends commiserated with the widow. commodious ADJ. spacious and comfortable. After sleeping in small roadside cabins, they found their hOtel suite com- mod, / 0 リ S. communal ADJ. held in common; Of a group Of people. When they were divorced, they had trouble dividing their communa/ property. compact N. agreement; contract. The signers Of the May- flower Compact were establishing a form Of government. compact ADJ. tightly packed; firm; brief. His short, compact bOdy was better suited t0 wrestling than tO basketball. ・ compatible ADJ. harmonious; in harmony with. They were compatib/e neighbors, never quarreling over unimportant matters. compatibility, N. compendium N. brief comprehensive summary. This text can serve as a compendium Of the tremendous amount Of new material being developed in this field. Basic WO List 183 compensatory ADJ. making up for; repaying. Can a com- pensatory education program make up for the inadequate schooling he received in earlier years? compilation N. listing of statisticalinfo 「 mation in ね bu は「 or b00k form. The compi/ation of available scholarships serves a very valuable purpose. ■ complacent ADJ. self-satisfied. There was a comp/acent lOOk on his face as he examined his paintings. compla- cency, N. complaisant ADJ. trying to please; obliging. The courtier obeyed the king's orders in a comp/aisant manner. complement N. that which completes. A predicate comp/e- ment completes the meaning Of the subject. SO V. ・ compliance N. readiness to yield; conformity in fulfilling requirements. The design fO 「 the new school had tO be in comp/iance with the local building code. compliant ADJ. yielding. He was comp/iant and ready to conform tO the pattern set by his friends. complicity N. participation; involvement. You cannot keep your comp/icity in this affair secret very long; you would be wise 10 admit your involvement immediately. component N. element; ingredient.l wish all the compo- nents Of my stereo system were working at the same time. comport v. bear one's self; behave. He comported himself with great dignity. composure N. mental calmness. Even the latest work crisis failed t0 shake her composure. ■ comprehensive ADJ. thorough; inclusive. This book pro- vides a comprehens ル e review Of verbal and math skills for the SAT. compress V. close; squeeze; contract. She compressed the package under her arm. compromise V. adjust; endanger the interests 0 「 reputation Of. Your presence at the scene Of the dispute compromises ou 「 claim tO neutrality in this matter. a 0 N. compunction N. remorse. The judge was especially severe in his sentencing because he felt that the criminal had shown no compunction for hiS heinous crime. compute v. reckon; calculate. He failed tO compute the interest, SO hiS bank balance was not accurate. concatenate V. link as in a chain. は is difficult tO understand hOW these events could CO 〃 c e 〃 a as they did without outside assistance. concave ADJ. hO Ⅱ OW. The back-packers found partial shel- ter from the storm by huddling against the concave wall 0f the c ⅱ幵 . ・ concede v. admit; yield. Despite allthe evidence Monica had assembled, Mark refused to concede that she was right. conceit N. whimsicalidea; extravagant metaphor. He was an entertaining companion, always expressing himself in amusing conceits and witty turns Of phrase. concentric ADJ. having a common center. The target was made Of concentric circles.

From AppIication t0 Acceptance A 叩ツ i for Admission The first step in the application procedure is tO obtain applications from the colleges you're plan- ning tO apply tO. You dO this by writing (a postcard is quite acceptable) 0 「 calling the admissions Office Of each school and asking them tO mail you an application. When you receive the application forms, you will be asked tO deliver certain parts tO your high school authorities SO that they may fill out the data in con- nection with the evaluation Of your school record. Your parents may be asked tO fill 0 猷 one section with information regarding your personal health. Another part Of the application will delve into your family background, your past history, and your inter- ests and hobbies, as well as your plans for the future. You will be asked tO fill out certain parts in your own handwriting. Don't worry about your hand- writing. は is t00 late 10 change it now, but dO be careful about neatness. FiIIing 0 瞰 the AppIication Neatness counts. Read the entire application before you start tO write, and then put it away in a safe place. Writing for a second application may not count in your favor. When you are ready tO answer the questions, jOt down the facts you must collect. ColIect all your data on scrap paper and have some reliable person such as a teacher 0 「 guidance coun- selor review the answers and make suggestions for the necessary mechanical corrections. Some CO ト leges require that all parts Of the application be completed in the handwriting Of the applicant.ln such cases, write out the corrected answers very carefully.lf permitted, type or print the answers on the application form. げ a photograph is requested, choose one that is simple and does you justice. DO not use a snapshot with extraneous background. は is not wise tO use a photograph that shows you in unusual dress or attite. Many applications require you tO write an essay. This is an interesting, decisive, and revealing part Of the application. A superb, original, thoughtful, liter- ate, and mature life story can tip the scales in your favor, if all the phases Of the application are satis- factory. A poor essay, on the Other hand, might pro- vide sufficient reason for rejection. This does not mean that you should hire a ・・ ghost writer. " Mem- bers Of an admissions board are quick tO detect ・ masterpieces" written by well-meaning parents or friends of the family. The next chapter, "Writing Your AppIication Essay," will shOW you hOW tO write your own masterpiece. From Application tO Acceptance 761 EvaIuation 0f YO 町 S 曲 0 猷 Record This is by far the most significant part Of the appli- cation. Officers Of admissions committees were not at all surprised at a recent study that showed that about half Of the first year dropouts left school fO 「 academic reasons, WhiCh included poor grades in college and poor high school preparation. Some colleges communicate with your high school as soon as your application is filed. Others ask you tO deliver a special form tO your principal, headmas- ter, or guidance counselor. The college will want to know if you have met or will meet the entrance requirements. They will therefore request a tran- script Of your high schoolrecord. 旧 examining this record, the committee 100ks for grades and the subjects completed. They look for subjects that gave the applicant difficulty and take intO account such extenuating circumstances as temporary illness, orlack Of interest in certain (but not al!) subjects. They attempt tO determine whether the student elected chalienging courses, and are on the lookout for students whO tOOk easy courses in order tO raise their averages. Your standing in the class is quite significant. This is a direct way Of comparing you with the other stu- dents in your graduating class. け you have high grades, but a IOW rank in your class, it iS sometimes a sign that the marking system in your school suf- fers from inflation.lf you attend a specialized school for selected or gifted pupils, then class standing needs special consideration, for you are being com- pared with special students. FinaIIy, if you attend a very small school, your achievement involves small numbers and therefore carries less significance. Extracurrictllar Activities Activities outside the classroom, bOth in school and in the community, are important. They afford the opportunity tO develop personal talents, tO pursue specialinterests, and tO stimulate qualities Of initia- tive and leadership. However, admissions officers are not impressed with a long list Of rather insignifi- cant activities, most Of which merely involved occa- sional passive attendance at meetings. These make an attractive listing in a high schOOl yearbook but dO not impress the scrutinizing eye Of a college admissions officer, WhO iS more concerned With any elected and appointed offices you might have held, and those activities you might have engaged in which suggest definite signs Of leadership in your character, and whO is 引 SO very interested in your ability tO play an unusual musical instrument, paint a canvas, 0 「 write a line Of poetry. Certainly no good college will entirely put aside its Other standards for admission for a good extracurri- cular record. However, all Other things being equal, in choosing one Of tWO applicants, the admissions office will generally choose the student whO partici- pated in out-of-class activities.

unsullied ADJ. untarnished.l am happy that my reputation iS リ〃 su / / / と d.. untenable ADJ. unsupportable.l find your theory untenab/e and must reject it. untowa 「 d ADJ. unfortunate; annoying. Untoward circum- stances prevent me from being with you on this festive occaslon. unwitting ADJ. unintentional; not knowing. She was the リ〃 - witting t06 Of the swindlers. unwonted ADJ. unaccustomed. He hesitated to assume the リ〃ル 0 〃 d 「 0 Of master Of ceremonies at the dinner. upbraid v. scold; reproach.l must リ p わ / a him fo 「 his un- ruly behavior. upshOt N. outcome. The リ ps わ Of the rematch was that the former champion proved that he still possessed 訓 the skills Of his youth. urbane ADJ. suave; 「 efined; elegant. The courtier was レ「 - bane and sophisticated. urbanity, N. urchin N. mischievous child (usually a boy). Get out! This store is no place fo 「 grubby c カ加 s / ursine ADJ. bearlike; pertaining to a bear. Because of its ursine appearance, the great panda has been identified with the bears; actually, it is closely related to the raccoon. usurpation N. act Of seizing power and rank Of another. The revolution ended when the usurpation Of the throne by the victorious rebelleader. usury N.lending money at illegalrates 0f interest. The loan shark was found guilty Of usury. utopia N. imaginary land with perfect social and political system. Shangri-la was the name Of James HiIton's Tibetan utopia. ■ vacillation N. fluctuation; wavering. His vaci//ation when confronted with a problem annoyed all Of us whO had tO wait until he made his decision. vacillate, V. VaCUOUS ADJ. empty; inane. The vaCUOUS remarks Of the politician annoyed the audience, whO had hoped tO hear more than empty platitudes. vagabond N. wanderer; tramp.ln summer, college students wander the roads Of Europe like carefree vagabonds. so ADJ. Test Word List 48 ス 0 ms Each Of the questions below consists Of a word in capital letters, followed by five lettered words 0 「 phrases. Choose the lettered word 0 「 phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning tO the word in capitalletters and write the letter Of your ChOice on your answer paper. 706. UNEARTH (A) conceal (B) gnaw (C) clean (D) fling (E) react Basic WO List 265 vagary N. caprice; whim. She followed every vagary 0f fashion. vagrant ADJ. stray; random. He tried tO study, but could not collect his 昭 g thoughts. 引 SO N. vainglO 「 ious ADJ. boastful; excessively conceited. She was a / a 加 g / 0 〃 0 し s and arrogant individual. valance N. short drapery hanging above window frame. The windows were curtainless; only the tops were covered with va/ances. valedictory ADJ. pertaining to farewell.l found the va/edic- わ address t00 long;leave-taking should be brief. validate v. confirm; ratify.l will not publish my findings until ー va/idate my results. valor N. bravery. He received the Medal of Hono 「 fo 「 his / / 0 「 in battle. vampire N. ghostly being that sucks the blood of the living. Children were afraid to go to sleep at night because of the many legends Of vampires. vanguard N. forerunners; advance forces. We a 「 e the van- g Of a tremendous army that is following us. vantage N. position giving an advantage. They fired upon the enemy from behind trees, walls and any other point of vantage they could find. vapid ADJ. insipid; inane. She delivered an unin ・ spired and 昭 p 扈 address. variegated ADJ. many-colored. He will not like this solid blue necktie as he is addicted tO variegated clothing. vassal N. in feudalism, one whO held land Of a superior lord. The lord demanded that his vassa/s contribute more tO his military campaign. vaunted ADJ. boasted; bragged; highly publicized. This much vaunted project proved a disappointment when it collapsed. veer V. change in direction. After what seemed an eternity, the wind veered tO the east and the storm abated. vegetate v.live in a monotonous way.l dO not understand how you can vegetate in this quiet village after the adven- turous life you have 厄 d. vehement ADJ. impetuous; with marked vigor. He spoke with vehement eloquence in defense Of his client. vehe- mence, N. (D) showy (E) tawdry 710. UNKEMPT (A) bombed (B) washed (C) neat (C) faulty (D) pensive (E) thorough 709. UNIMPEACHABLE (A) fruitful (B) rampaging (D) dancing (E) pedantic 708. UNGAINLY (A) ignorant (B) graceful (C) detailed (C) wary (D) switched (E) colonial 707. UNFEIGNED (A) pretended (B) fashionable

stentorian ADJ. extremely loud. The town crier had a sten- ~ 0 「 / å〃 VOice. stereotyped ADJ. fixed and unvarying representation. My chief objection to the bOOk is that the characters are s 0- typed. stigma N. token Of disgrace; brand.l dO not attach any stigma tO the fact that you were accused Of this crime; the factthat you were acquitted clears you completely. stigmatize v. brand; mark as wicked.l dO not want tO - matize this young offender fO 「 life by sending herto prison. stilted ADJ. bombastic; inflated. His sti/ted rhetoric did not impress the college audience; they were immune tO bom- bastic utterances. stint N. supply; 訓 0 れ ed amount; assigned portion of work. He performed his daily s ″ cheerfully and willingly. SO , V. stipend N. pay for services. There is a nominal stipend fo 「 this position. ・ StOiC N. person whO is indifferent to pleasure 0 「 pain. The doctor called her patient a stoic because he had borne the pain Of the examination without whimpering. so ADJ. stOke Ⅵ tO feed plentifully. They swiftly stokedthemselves, knowing they would not have another meal until they reached camp. stOIid ADJ. dull; impassive.l am afraid that this imaginative poetry will not appeal tO such a sto/id person. stratagem N. deceptive scheme. We saw through his clever stratagem. stratum N.layer Of earth's surface;layer of society. Unless we alleviate conditions in the lowest stratum Of ou 「 society, we may expect grumbling and 「 evo は . striated ADJ. marked with pa 「回 bands; grooved. The gla- cierleft many striated rocks. striate, V. stncture N. critical comments; severe and adverse criti- cism. His strictures on the author's style are prejudiced and unwarranted. Test Word List 44 〃 0 ms and ス 0 ms Each Of the following questions consists Of a word in capital letters, followed by fivelettered words 0 「 phrases. Choose the lettered word 0 「 phrase which is most nearly similar 0 「 the opposite Of the word in capitalletters and write theletter Of your ChOice on your answer paper. 646. SONOROUS (A) resonant (B) reassuring (C) 「 epetitive (D) resinous (E) sisterly 647. SOPHOMOR ℃ (A) unprecedented (B) mature (C) insipid (D) intellectual (E) illusionary 648. SOPOR 旧 C (A) silent (B) caustic (C) memorial (D) awakening (E) springing Basic WO List 257 strident ADJ. loud and harsh. She scolded him in a strident VO ℃ e. stringent ADJ. binding; rigid.l think these regulations are t00 s な加 ge . strut N. pompous walk. His s な as he marched about the parade ground revealed him for what he was: a pompous bu 幵 00n. 引 so v. strut N. supporting bar. The engineer calculated that the s な supporting the 「 a 負 e 「 needed tO be reinforced. (sec- ondäry meaning) stultify v. cause tO appear fOOlish or inconsistent. By changing your opinion at this time, you will s ル / ″ you 「 se げ . stupor N. state Of apathy; daze; lack Of awareness.ln his s ル po 「 , the addict was unaware Of the events taking place around him. stygian ADJ. gloomy; hellish; deathly. They descended into the s タ g 〃 , half-lit sub-basement. stymie v. present an obstacle; stump. The detective was stymiedby the contradictory evidence in the robbery inves- tigation. SO N. suave ADJ. smooth; bland. He is the kind of individual who is more easily impressed by a suave approach than by threats 0 「 bluster. suavity N. urbanity; polish. He is particularly good in 「 0 s that require suav/ty and sophistication. subaltern N. subordinate. The captain treated his suba/- terns as though they were children rather than commis- sioned officers. subjective ADJ. occurring 0 「 taking place within the subject; unreal. Your analysis is highly subjective;you have permit- ted youremotions and youropinionsto coloryourthinking. subjugate V. conquer; bring under control. は is n01 our aim tO s レグリ ya ね our foe; we are interested 0 可 y in establishing peacefulrelations. sublimate v. refine; purify. We must strive tO s リわ″ ma these desires and emotions intO worthwhile activities. sublime ADJ. exalted; noble; uplifting. Mother Teresa has been honored fo 「 her sub/ime deeds. (D) sneezing (E) pounded 654. STACCATO (A) musical (B) long (C) legato (D) preserve (E) forfeit 653. SQUANDER (A) fo (B) depart (C) roam (D) interrogated (E) glorious SPURIOUS (A) genuine (B) angry (C) mitigated (C) indignant (D) foppish (E) fundamental 651. SPORTIVE (A) competing (B) playful (D) inconsequential (E) occasional 650. SPORAD ℃ (A) seedy (B) latent (C) vivid (D) violent (E) physical 649. SPASMOD ℃ (A) intermittent (B) fit (C) inaccurate 652.

1 a 面 00m 曲 sio Question (35) thinking of them; indeed, they never seem to have been formulated in words. But such rules existed, for accident and coincidence can not explain the common plastic language Of African sculpture. There is t00 great a consistency from ( 4 の one work to another. Yet, although the African, with amazing insight into art, used these rules, I am certain that he was not conscious Of them. This is the great mystery of such a traditional art: talent, or the ability certain people have, without (45) conscious effort, to follow the rules which later l. children to write with their right hands. Parents and teachers alike have an antipathy tO the child's using his left hand. On the other hand, psychologists have shown beyond a doubt that some persons are naturally left-handed and that it is much mo 代 difficult for them t0 do any skillful act with the right hand than with the left hand. Some believe, furthermore, that to compel a left-handed child to write with his right hand may make him nervous and may cause stammering. There seems tO be some cases in which this is true, although in the vast maJ0rity Of children whO change over, no Ⅲ effects are noticed. ln addition tO these difficulties, left-handedness sometimes seems tO cause writing—wrlting from right tO left—and reversals in reading, as reading 、、 for 、、 saw. 2. 3. 4. 5. the analyst can discover only from the work of art which has already been created. The author is primarily concerned with (A) discussing how African sculptors achieved their effects (B) listing the rules followed in African art (C) relating African art t0 the art of 12th or 13th century Europe (D) integrating emotion and realization (E) expressing the beauty 0f African art According tO the passage, one Of the outstanding features Of African sculpture is (A) its subject matter (B) the feelings it arouses (C) 、 the training of the artists (D) its strangeness (E) its emphasis on movement The word 、、 plastic" in line 38 means (A) synthetic (B) linguistic (C) consistent (D) sculptural (E) repetitive According tO the information in the passage, an African carver can best be compared tO a (A) chef following a recipe (B) fluent speaker of English who is just beginning t0 study French (C) batter who hits a homerun in his or her first baseball game (D) concert pianist performing a well-rehearsed concerto (E) writer whO is grammatically expert but stylistically uncreative Which of the following titles best summarizes the content Of the passage? (A) The Apprenticeship of the African Sculptor (B) The History of African Sculpture (C) How African Art Achieves Unity (D) AnaIyzing African Art (E) The Unconscious Rules of African Art One Of the most urgent problems in teaching 6. 7. 8. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage 燔 (A) Nervous Aspects Connected with Handwriting (B) Teaching Handwriting (C) The Problems of the Left-handed Child (D) A SpeciaI ProbIem in Teaching Handwriting (E) Stammering, Mirror Writing and ReversaIs The author implies that handed ones (E) left-handed persons are less skillful than right- right-handed ones (D) left-handed persons are not more brilliant than left-handed persons are inclined to stutter (B) left-handed children need special consideration ness (A) parents should break children 0f left-handed- (C) 、 My father is not very well,' said Eleanor. (E) resulted in unsolved problems (D) made many children skillful with both hands (C) aimed at mirror writing (B) resulted in failure to learn to write (A) dismayed the experts teaching handwriting has According tO the passage, the traditional policy in handwriting is presented by the left-handed child. The traditional policy has been to attempt to induce all JOhn BOId was very sorry ・—so sorry. He hoped it was nothing serious, and put on the unmeaningly solemn face which people usually use on such occaslons. 、 I especially want tO speak to you about my father, Mr. Bold.Indeed,I am now here on purpose to do so. Papa is very unhappy, very unhappy indeed, about this affair of the hospital. You would pity him, Mr. Bold, if you could see hOW wretched it has made him. 、 Oh, Miss Harding!' 、 lndeed you would—any one would pity him; but a friend, an old friend as you are—indeed you would. He is an altered man; his cheerfulness has all gone, and his sweet temper, and his kind happy tone of voice; you would hardly know him if you saw him, Mr. Bo 旧 , he is so much altered; and—and—if this goes on, he will