416 Seven MOdel SATS 3 SECTION Time—30 minutes 50 Questions The questions in this section measure skills that are important to writing well. ln particular, they test your ability tO recognize and use language that is clear, effective, and correct according tO the requirements of standard written English, the kind 0f English found in most college textbooks. Directions: The following sentences contain problems in grammar, usage, diction (choice of words) , and idiom. Some sentences are correct. NO sentence contains more than one error. You will flnd that the error, ifthere is one, is underlined and lettered. Assume that elements ofthe sentence that are not underlined are correct and cannot be changed. ln choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard written English. If there is an error, select the one underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct and blacken the If there is no error, blacken answer space ⑧ . corresponding space on your answer sheet. EXAMPLE: The region has a climate so severe that plants growing there rarely had been more than twelve Being that my car is getting annual tune-up, I E D inches high. NO error will not be able tO pick you up tomorrow morning. 1 . 2. 3. 4. NO error The teacher with her capable aides have complete control Of the situation , lOOk forward tO a very uneventful trip. N 0 error 5. 7. 6. We can't hardly believe that the situation is SO senous as tO iustifY such precautions as you have taken. NO error be asked on this test. NO error A B NO one but knew which questions ー t0 SAMPLE ANSWER ④⑨・⑦⑧ You are being q 山 cynical when you say that the reason we have such a large turnout iS because we are serving refreshments. NO error AIthough I am playing go げ for more than three & 0 0 ⅱ 0 THENEXT PAGE ailment. NO error available in drug stores in the treatment Of this B C affective than the commercial preparations I have found that a mild salt solution is more years, I cannot manage tO break 90. NO error

518 44. Seven M 面可 SATS (E) eager:anxious (D) poor: miserly (C) honorable : y (B) cautious:wise (A) joyful: ecstatic FRUGAL:PARSIMONIOUS 45. CONVENTION :MORES : (A) caprice : whimsicality (E) innovation : prodigy (D) culpability : penance (C) popularity : infamy (B) corruption : acquiescence IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY. DO NOT WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST. S T O P

132 Reading Com 曲 si 聞 Question good title for a passage Of two or more paragraphs should include the thoughts 0f ALL the paragraphs. This third question on the Jones passage is a title question. NOte hOW it resembles questions on the passage's purpose or main idea. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (A) Unsung Black Artists of America (B) A Hard Row to Hoe: The Struggles of LOiS Jones (C) Locke and Jones: Two Black Artistic Pioneers (D) African and Haitian lnfluences on ・ Lois Mailou Jones (E) The Making of an Artist: Lois Mailou Jones When you are trying tO select the best title for a passage, watch out fO 「 words that come straight out Of the passage. They may not always be your best choice. Consider Choice C. Though the author men- tions Alain LOCke and suggests the importance Of his influence in prompting Jones tO use her experi- ences as a black American in her art, the passage as a whole is about Jones, not about Locke and Jones. Likewise, although the passage refers tO Afri- can and Haitian influences in her imagery and style, the passage iS about hOW Jones's experiences formed her as an artist, not about the specific influ- ences on her Style. Choice D iS t00 narrow in scope tO be a good title fO 「 this text. Ch0ice A has the opposite p 「 Ob m. As a title for this passage, Unsung Black Artists Of America is far t00 broad. This passage concerns itself with a par- ticular black artist whose fame deserves tO be sung. While Choice B limits itself to Jones, it t00 has a flaw. The passage clearly does not dwell on Jones's struggles; instead, it focuses on influences on her artistic growth. Of the titles suggested, Choice E is best. The pas- sage refers tO the many and varied experiences that have made Jones an important figure in the world of art. FoIIowing her progress step by step, it portrays "the making Of an artist. ' W れ Asked About Specific DetaiIs ⅲ the Passage, Spot Key Words ⅲ the Question and Scan the Passage tO Find Them ( 町 Their S 0 町 m 斗 旧 developing the main idea Of a passage, a writer will make statements tO support his or her point. TO answer questions about such supporting details, you must find a word or group Of words in the passage which supports your choice Of answer. The words according tO the passage" or ・ 'according tO the author" should focus your attention on what the passage explicitly states. DO not be misled intO choosing an answer (even one that makes good sense) if you can not find it supported in the text. Often detail questions ask about a particular phrase or line.ln such instances, use the following tech- ntque: 1 . LOOk for key words (nouns or verbs) in the answer choices. 2. Run your eye down the passage,looking fO 「 those key words or their synonyms. (This is called scanning. は is what you dO when you 100k up someone's number in the phone bOOk. ) 3. When you find a key word or its synonym, reread the sentence tO make sure the test-writer hasn't used the original wording t0 mislead you. Read the following scientific passage from a recently published SAT and apply this tactic. Prostaglandins are short-lived hormonelike substances made by most cells in the b0dy after injury or shock. They are responsible for a number 0f physiological reactions. Prostaglandins have been shown tO influence blOOd pressure, muscle contraction, and bIOOd coagulation and are involved in producing pain, fever, and inflammation. When released from platelets—minute discs in the blood—a prostaglandin derivative called thromboxane makes the platelets clump together and thus initiates clotting. ln 円 71, John Vane, a British researcher, discovered that aspirin interferes with the synthesis Of prostaglandins. Scientists now know that aspirtn relieves pain by inactivating cyclooxygenase, an enzyme that aids in initiating the synthesis Of prostaglandins. When scientists realized that aspirin can alSO interfere with clotting 、 they began tO wonder whether it could help prevent heart attacks and strokes. which are often caused by b100d clots that block arteries in the chest and neck. Studies now indicate that IOW daily doses Of aspirin can cut the risk Of a second heart attack by about twenty percent and the risk of a second stroke by nearly half. lt seems logical tO assume that if the drug can prevent second heart attacks 、 it can also ward Off an attack the first time around. Therefore, many doctors recommend an aspirin tablet every 0ther day t0 people whO have high 00d pressure or Other symptoms that increase the risk Of heart attacks.

Test 7/Section 3 721 this period should read this b00k facing eastward. who have always 100ked westward when reading about using their own words WheneVer POSSible. Americans Yet they are not alllost, those lndian voices of the past. A few authentic accounts Of American western history were recorded by lndians either in pictographs or in translated English, and some managed t0 get pub- lished in obscure journals, pamphlets, or b00ks 0f small circulation. ln the late nineteenth century, when the white man's curiosity about lndian survivors Of the wars reached a high point, enterprising newspaper reporters frequently interviewed warriors and chiefs and gave them an opportunity tO express their opinions on what was happening in the West. The quality of these inter- views varied greatly, depending upon the abilities 0f the interpreters, or upon the inclination Of ・ the lndians tO speak freely. Some feared reprisals for telling the truth, while others delighted in hoaxing reporters with tall tales and shaggy-dog stories. Contemporary newspaper statements by lndians must therefore be read with skep- ticism, although some Of them are masterpieces Of irony and Others burn with outbursts Of poetic fury. Among the richest sources Of first-person statements by lndians are the records Of treaty councils and Other formal meetings with civilian and military representa- tives Of the United States government. lsaac Pitman's new stenographic system was coming intO vogue in the second half 0f the nineteenth century, and when lndians spoke in council a recording clerk sat beside the official interpreter. Even when the meetings were in remote parts Of the 、 Mest, someone usually was available tO write down the speeches, and because Of the slowness Of the translation process, much Of what was said could be recorded in longhand. lnterpreters quite often were half-bloods wh0 knew spoken languages but seldom could read or write. Like most oral peoples they and the lndians depended upon imagery tO express their thoughts, SO that the English translations were filled with graphic similes and metaphors 0f the natural world. If an eloquent lndian had a poor interpreter, his words might be transformed tO flat prose, but a good interpreter could make a poor speaker sound poetic. Most lndian leaders spoke freely and candidly in councils with white officials, and as they became more sophisticated in such matters during the 70 ' s and 1880 ' s , they demanded the right to choose their own interpreters and recorders. ln this latter period, all members Of the tribes were free tO speak, and some Of the Older men chose such opportunities tO recount events they had witnessed in the past, or sum up the histories of their peoples. Although the lndians wh0 lived through this doom period 0f their civilization have vanished from the earth, millions 0f their words are pre- served in official records. Many Of the more important council proceedings were published in government documents and reports. Out 0f all these sources 0f almost forgotten oral his- tory, I have tried tO fashion a narrative Of the conquest Of the American 、 Mest as the victims experienced it, 3 1 . 32. 33. A main concetm Of the author in this passage is tO source materials for hiS text (E) introduce the background 0f the original Of the West are similar tO white accounts suggest that lndian narratives Of the conquest today argue for the improved treatment Of lndians councils evaluate the effectiveness Of the military treaty ness and savagery denounce the white man for his untrustworthi- (D) (C) (A) According tO the passage, nineteenth-century news- paper accounts Of interviews With lndians may con- tain inaccuracies for WhiCh Of the following reasons? 1. Lack 0f skill on the part of the translators Ⅱ . The tendency of the reporters to overstate what they were told by the lndians III. The lndians' misgivings about possible retaliations (A) I only (B) III only (C) I and Ⅱ only (D) I and III only (E) I, Ⅱ , and III The author's tone in describing the lndian survivors can best be described as (A) skeptical (B) detached (C) elegiac (D) obsequious (E) impatient 34. The author is most impressed by which aspect 0f the English translations 0f lndian speeches? (A) Their vividness of imagery (B) Their lack of frankness (C) The inefficiency of the process (D) Their absence of sophistication (E) Their brevity of expression 35. The author most likely suggests that Americans should read this b00k facing eastward (A) in an inappropriate attempt at levity (B) out Of respect for Western superstitions (C) in order to read by naturallight (D) because the lndians came from the East (E) to identify with the lndians' viewpoint & 0 間Ⅷ日 E 灯氈

524 Seven M 面 SATS 5 SECTION Time—30 minutes 35 Questions ln this section solve each problem, using any available space on the page for scratchwork. Then decide which is the best of the choices given and blacken the corresponding space on the answer sheet. The following information is fo 「 your reference in solving some ofthe problems. CirCle ()fradius r: Area = 師 r2 ; Circumference = 2 師 r The number ofdegrees ofarc in a circle is 360. The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 絽 0. Definitions of symbols: is equal tO is unequal tO く is less than > is greater than is less than 0 「 equal t() is greater than 0 「 equal tO Ⅱ is parallel t0 上 is perpendicular tO Triangle: The sum Ofthe measures in degrees ( ) 「 the angles ( ) 「 a triangle is 0. げ乙 CDA is a right angle, then (l)areaof △ ABC= AB x CD 2 ( 2 ) 月 C2 = 月 D2 十 DC2 D B NOte: Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems. They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that its figut ℃ is not drawn to scale. AII figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. AII numbers used are real numbers. 3.6X4 ) , 4 0.4X3 3 (A) (E) 4 4 0.04X 3 (B) (C) 3 3 (D) 3 3 2. 3. 4. A student attending a schOOl for 3 semesters has a scholastic average Of 85 percent. She transfers tO another school and after 4 semesters earns an average 0f 90 percent in this school. What is her average for her work in bOth schools? (A) 82 % (B) 87 % (C) 87.5 % (D) 87.9 % (A) 27 (B) 33 (C) 57 (D) 81 (E) 171 number have? many marbles does the bOY with the greatest the boy with the least number has 9 marbles, how Three boys have marbles in the ratio of 19 : 5 : 3. If (E) 88 % (A) 30 (B) 39 (C) 48 (D) 300 (E) 480 miles per hour take tO make the trip? hours, would a train with an average speed Of 60 Fe, New Mexico, is 1 , 800 miles. How long, in The distance between Portland, Oregon, and Santa 5. 6. 7. If the cost of 500 articles is d dollars, how many of these articles can be bought for ズ dollars? 500d 500 500X (A) (C) (B) (D) d 500 50 (E) Point 召 is on line segment AC, and point E is on line segment DF. If AB > DE and BC = EF, then (A) ÄC く DF (B) AC = DF (C) AC > DF (D) DF > AC (E) EF > DF A candy dealer makes up a mixture 0f 3 parts 0f candy costing him 60 per pound with 2 parts candy costing him 70 per pound, and 2 parts candy costing him 50 per pound. At what price, in cents, per pound should he sell this mixture tO make a profit 0f 25 percent? (A) 50 (B) 60 (C) 65 (D) 70 (E) 75 & 0 0N T0 THE 羅灯 PAGE

206 8 ⅶ dY0 聞加ね frieze N. ornamental band on a w 訓 . The frieze Of the church was adorned with sculpture. frigid ADJ. intensely CO け Alaska is in the 〃扈 zone. fritter v. waste. He could n01 apply himself tO any task and 〃 / な e d away his time in idle conversation. ・ f 「ⅳ 0 ⅱツ N. lack Of seriousness. We were distressed by his 〃ル 0 / / during the recent grave crisis. frivolous, ADJ. frolicsome ADJ. prankish; gay. The 〃 0 / / む some puppy tried tO lick the face Of its master. frond N. fern leaf; palm 0 「 bananaleaf. Afterthe storm the beach was littered with the fronds Of palm trees. fructify v. bear fruit. This peach tree should 〃リ c ″ in three years. f 「 ugality N. thrift.ln these difficult days, we must live with 〃レ ga ″タ 0 「 ou 「 money will be gone. fruition N. bearing Of fruit; fulfillment; realization. This build- ing markS the 〃レ / わ〃 Of all ou 「 aspirations and years Of hard work. frustrate v. thwart; defeat. We must frustrate this dictato 「 's plan tO seize CO 猷「 Of the government. fulcrum N. support on which a lever rests. げ we use this stone as a ーレ / 「レ〃 7 and the crowbar as a lever, we may be able to move this bou 旧 e 「 . fulminate v. thunder; explode. The people against whom she fu/minated we 「 e innocent Of any wrongdoing. Test Word List 20 〃 0 ms Each Of the questions below consists Of a word in capital letters, followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word 0 「 phrase that is most nearly similar in meaning tO the word in capitalletters and write the tte 「 Of your ChOice on your answer paper. (D) intuition (E) fish 291. FORAY (A) excursion (B) contest (C) ranger (D) dandyish (E) magnificent 290. FOPPISH (A) scanty (B) radical (C) orthodox (D) futile (E) erudite 289. FOOLHARDY (A) strong (B) unwise (C) brave (D) spray (E) maintain 288. FOMENT (A) spoil (B) instigate (C) interrogate (E) gain 287. FOIL (A) bury (B) frustrate (C) shield (D) desire (D) patient (E) poetic FLORID (A) ruddy (B) rusty (C) ruined 286. fulsome ADJ. disgustingly excessive. , His fu/some praise of the dictator annoyed his listeners. functionary N. official. As his case was transferred from one ル〃 c 〃 a tO another, he began tO despair Of ever reach- ing a settlement. funereal ADJ. sad; solemn.l fail tO understand why there is such a funerea/ atmosphere; we have lost a battle, not a war. fu 「 0 「 N. frenzy; great excitement. The story Of her embez- zlement of the funds created a ル ro 「 on the Stock Ex- change. ■ furtive ADJ. stealthy; sneaky. The boy gave a ル / e 100k at his classmate's test pape 「 . fusion N. union; coalition. The opponents Of the political party in power organized a ル s / 0 〃 Of disgruntled groups and became an important element in the election. fustian ADJ. pompous; bombastic. SeveraIin the audience were deceived by her fustian style; they mistook pomposity for erudition. futile ADJ. ineffective; f 「 uitless. Why waste your time on ル″ / pursuits? gadfly N. animal-biting fly; an irritating person. Like a gad- 取 , he irritated 訓 the guests at the hotel; within forty-eight hours, everyone regarded him as an annoying busybody. gaff N. hook; barbed fishing spear. When he attempted tO land the sailfish, he was so nervous that he dropped the ga が intO the sea. 引 SO V. (D) bum (E) thief 300. GADFLY (A) humorist (B) nuisance (C) scholar (D) quick (E) abortive 299. FURTIVE (A) underhanded (B) coy (C) brilliant (D) anteroom (E) lover 298. FUROR (A) excitement (B) worry (C) flux (D) solemn (E) dreamy 297. FUNEREAL (A) dizzy (B) empty (C) diverse (C) indifference (D) enthusiasm (E) economy 296. FRUGALITY (A) foolishness (B) extremity (D) cancel (E) abuse 295. FRITTER (A) sour (B) chafe (C) dissipate (D) reason (E) fashion 294. FRANCHISE (A) subway (B) kiosk (C) license infected (D) raise (E) 「 0 Ⅱ 293. FOSTER (A) speed (B) fondle (C) become (C) grandiloquent (D) impenetrable (E) venerable 292. FORMIDABLE (A) dangerous (B) outlandish

530 Seven M 面可 SATS 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Each passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis Of what is stated or implied in that passage. The money-changers have two irregular modes Of making a profit by their traffic: if they state the fair price Of silver tO the customer, they cheat him in the weight; if their scales and their method Of weighing are accurate, they diminish the price Of silver accordingly. But when they have to dO with Tartars, they employ neither Of these methods Of fraud: on the contrary, they weigh the silver scrupulously, and sometimes allow a little overweight, and they pay them above the market price. ln fact, they appear t0 be quite losers by the transaction, and SO they would be, if the weight and the price Of the silver alone were considered. Their advantage iS derived, in these cases, from their manner Of calculating the amount. When they come tO reduce the silver int0 sapeks, they d0 indeed reduce it, making the most flagrant miscalculations, which the Tartars, whO can count nothing beyond their beard, are quite incapable 0f detecting, and which they, accordingly, adopt implicitly, and even with satisfaction, always considering they have sold their bullion well, since they know that the full weight has been allowed, and that the full market price has been given. Free unrhymed verse has been practiced for some thousands Of years and reaches back tO the incantation which linked verse with the ritual dance. lt produced a communal emotion: the aim Of the cadenced phrases was tO create a state Of mind. The general coloring Of free rhythms in the poetry Of today is very different. The predominant pattern of poetry today is that of speech rhythm, composed in the sequence Of the musical phrase, not in the sequence Of the metronome, the regular beat. ln the twenties, conventional rhyme fell into almost complete disuse. This liberation from rhyme became as well a liberation of rhyme. Freed of its exacting task Of supporting lame verse, it could be applied with greater effect where wanted for some special effect. Such break in the tradition 0f rhymed verse had the healthy effect Of giving it a fresh start, released from the hampering convention Of t00 familiar cadences. This refreshing and subtilizing Of the use Of rhyme can be seen everywhere in the poetry Of today. 26. 27. 28. The primary purpose of this passage appears tO be (E) (D) (B) (A) tO tO take advantage Of their customers describe techniques the money-changers use weight explain the relationship between price and financial transactions (C) denounce the gullibility 0f the Tartars in Of the money-changers compare the character Of the Tartars with that changers defend the economic practices Of the money- changers can infer from this passage that the money- (E) Tartars seek an unfair price for their sapeks. fraudulent methods Of weighing their goods. (D) Tartars cheat their customers by employing (C) Tartars sell sapeks for silver. prlCe. (B) Tartars are careful about weight and market (A) Tartars hide valuables in their beards. supported by the passage? Which of the following statements about Tartars is (D) (C) (B) (A) their Other customers (E) make less profit from the Tartars than from lose by their transactions with the Tartars convert bullion intO pure silver have fixed prices for their transactions are aware that Tartars are poor mathematicians 29. 30. 31. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage (A) Primitive Poetry (B) The Origin of Poetry (C) Rhyme and Rhythm ⅲ Modern Verse (D) CIassification of Poetry (E) Purpose in Poetry According tO the author contemporary or free unrhymed verse shares all the following attributes EXCEPT (A) phrasing analogous tO the patterns Of speech (B) rejection Of the traditions Of rhymed verse (C) unconventional use Of rhyme (D) metronomic regularity of beat (E) rhythmic patterns akin to musical phrases The author's attitude toward the use Of free unrhymed verse iS one Of (A) approval (B) skepticism (C) indifference (D) anxiety (E) tolerance & 0 ON T0 THE NEXT PAGE

498 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Seven M 面 SATs D. E. A. A. C. E. E. VO 耘襯 substances tend tO evaporate. (Definition) F ′な 0 れ or limitations are by definition not satisfying. Remember tO watch for signal words that link one part Of the sentence tO another. The use Of "Despite" in the opening clause sets up a contrast. The missing word must be an antonym for 。 'stirring and satisfying. N0te, t00 , that you are looking for a word With negative associations. Therefore, you can eliminate any word With positive ones. Ch0ices A, B, C, and D all have positive associations. Only Choice E can be correct. (Contrast Signal) G ′襯れど , meaning pertinent or relevant, iS the only appropriate chOice. A judge might logically rule not tO admit material because it was irrelevant. 0 れ gro ″れホ砒 is equivalent to わ ec ″ s 巳 (Cause and Effect Signal) ln this paragraph, the author pays particular attention tO Maria' S appearance, her behavior, her effect on others. If she had been introduced previously in the text, there would be no need tO present these details about her in the second paragraph. (Main ldea) The descriptions of the bright and shiny kitchen where you 、、 could see yourself in the big copper boilers' ' and Of tiny, witch-like Maria with her long nose and long chin belong tO the realm Of fairy tales. (Technique) The passage mentions the matron twice: once, in the opening line, where she gives Maria permission tO leave work early; once, in lines 18 ー 20 , where she pays Maria a compliment. Given this information, we can logically infer that Maria views the matron positively, finding her a benevolent or kindly supervisor. Choices A, B , and C are incorrect. Nothing in the passage suggests Maria has a negative view of the matron. Choice D iS incorrect. Given Mana's menial position, it is unlikely she and the matron would be close or intimate friends. (lnference) TO slice loaves so neatly and invisibly takes a great deal 0f care. The author specifically states Maria has cut the loaves and emphasizes the importance Of her having done 25. 26. 27. E. D. E. SO by placing this sentence at the end Of the paragraph (a key position). As the subsequent paragraphs POint Maria is hungry for compliments. Just as she takes pride in her peace-making, she takes pride in her ability tO slice barmbracks evenly. (lnference) Maria helps others tO compromise or become reconciled; she herself is not necessarily unwilling tO compromise. Ch0ice A is implied in the passage as characteristic Of Maria. She speaks soothingly and respectfully. Therefore, Ch0ice A is incorrect. ChOice B is implied in the passage as characteristic Of Maria. Mana's response tO Ginger Mooney's toast shows her en 」 oyment Of being noticed in this way. Therefore , Choice B iS incorrect. ChOice C is implied in the passage as characteristic Of Maria. Maria's obedience tO the COOk and tO the matron shows her respect for authority. Therefore, Choice C is lncorrect. Choice D is implied in the passage as characteristic Of Maria. Maria's disappointed shyness and ・ her forced laughter about a wedding ring and husband show that she has wistful dreams of marriage. Therefore, Choice D iS incorrect. (lnference) The concluding sentence of the opening paragraph mentions factors that produced the crop Of BIack writers whO made up the Harlem Renaissance. The subsequent paragraph cohtinues the discussion Of these social and political factors. Choice A is incorrect. AIthough the opening sentence indicates that the willingness Of Black writers tO portray their own lives was a contributing factor tO the Harlem Renaissance, the next sentence makes it clear that this willingness was only 〃 am プ Of what was going on. Choice B iS incorrect. The author is concerned with these writers as part Of an American literary movement, not a worldwide crusade. Choice C is incorrect. The author cites examples Of specific injustices in passing. Choice E is incorrect. lt is unsupported by the passage ・ (Main ldea) The author's use of such terms as 、 'nobility of expression" and 、、 masters Of recent American literature" makes it clear his attitude is one Of d ′れか行 0 れ . Remember, when asked tO determine the

474 Seven M 面 SATS 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 23. 24. 25. (5) ( 7 の ( 2 の (25) ( 3 の lt can be inferred from the passage that Maria would most likely view the matrofi as which Of the following? (A) A political figurehead (B) An inept administrator (C) A demanding taskmaster (D) An intimate friend (E) A benevolent superior We may infer from the care with which Maria has cut the barmbracks that (A) she fears the matron (B) she is in a hurry to leave (C) she expects the Board members for tea (D) it is a dangerous task (E) she takes pride in her work lt can be inferred from the passage that all the following are characteristic of Maria EXCEPT (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) a deferential nature eagerness for compliments respect for authority dreams Of matrimony reluctance tO compromise There can be no doubt that the emergence of the Negro writer in the post-war period stemmed, ⅲ part, from the fact that he was inclined tO exploit the opportunity tO write about himself. lt was more than that, however. The movement that has variously been called the 、、 HarIem Renaissance," the 、、 Black Renaissance," and the 、、 New Negro Movement" was essentially a part Of the growing interest Of American literary circles in the immediate and pressing SOCial and economic problems. This growing interest coincided with two developments in Negro life that fostered the growth of the New Negro Movement. These tWO factors, the keener realization Of injustice and the improvement Of the capacity for expression, produced a crop Of Negro writers whO constituted the 、、 Harlem Renaissance. The literature Of the Harlem Renaissance was, for the most part, the work Of a race-conscious group. Through poetry, prose, and song, the writers cried out against SOCial and economic wrongs. They protested against segregation and lynching. They demanded higher wages, shorter hours, and better conditions of work. They stood for full social equality and first-class citizenship. The new ViSion Of SOCial and economic freedom which they had did not force them to embrace the several foreign ideologies that sought tO sink their roots in some American groups during the period. (35) ( 4 の ( 45 ) (5 の (55) ( 6 の ( 乃 ) ( 7 の (65) The writers of the Harlem Renaissance, bitter and cynical as some Of them were, gave little attention tO the propaganda Of the socialists and communists. The editor Of the Messenger ventured the opinion that the New Negro was the 、 product 0f the same world-wide forces that have brought into being the great liberal and radical movements that are now seizing the reins Of power in all the civilized countries Of the world. ' ' Such forces may have produced the New Negro, but the more articulate Of the group did not resort tO advocating the type Of political action that would have subverted American constitutional government. lndeed, the writers Of the Harlem Renaissance were not SO much revolting against the system as they were protesting its inefficient operation. ln this approach they proved as characteristically American as any writers Of the period. Like his contemporaries, the Negro writer was merely becoming more aware Of America's pressing problems ; and like the others, he was willing to use his art, not only tO contribute tO the great bOdy Of American culture but alSO tO improve the culture Of which he was a part. lt seems possible, moreover, for the histonan tO assign tO the Negro writer a role that he did not assume. There were doubtless many WhO were not immediately concerned with the injustices heaped on the Negro. Some contrived their poems, novels, and songs merely for the sake Of art, while Others tOOk up their pens tO escape the sordid aspects Of their existence. If there iS an element Of race in their writings, it iS because the writings flOW out Of their individual and group experiences. This is not tO say that such writings were not effective as protest literature, but rather that not all the authors were conscious crusaders for a better world. AS a matter Of fact, it was this detachment, this objectivity, that made it possible for many Of the writers Of the Harlem Renaissance tO achieve a nobility of expression and a poignancy Of feeling in their wrltings that placed them among the masters Of recent American literature. & 0 0N T0 THE NEXT PAGE

654 24. 28. A. 25. 26. 27. B. Seven M0deI SATS B. B. C. Choice C is incorrect. Dickens' feelings were stronger than mere irritation or a れれ 0 ) れ C ど . Choice D is incorrect. Dickens' attitude had nothing t0 d0 with た行 c な川 or disbelief. Choice E is incorrect. Dickens was certainly not 夜なん″ⅵ as 行 c about his suffermgs. (Attitude/Tone) If trade unionism and similar labor movements arise because employers are not fatherly enough , greater paternalism and われど VO れ c (kindliness) on the owners' parts should cure such labor problems. Ch0ice A is incorrect. Lines 65 ー 68 state 、 there is no sign" Dickens wanted the workers tO take their destiny intO their own hands. This implies that he would not have favored protest marches, even nonviolent ones . Choices C and D are incorrect. Dickens apparently opposed apprentices' associations and similar labor organizations. Choice E is incorrect. The passage states that Dickens disbelieved 、、 that any good can come out of Parliament. (lnference) The author states that Dickens' time as a Par- liamentary shorthand writer 、、 was no doubt a disillusioning expenence. ' ' This disillusion- ment led t0 his despising politics. ln Other words, his 女川浦砒め , with Parliament み尾 d CO れ川〃た (lnference) The opening sentence states that ethology and behavionst psychology ( 川 , 0 圧 g ど 0 ) illustrate the distinction between learnlng and instinct ( わ e んⅵ ora / 〃′ OC ど 5 ). The discussion 0f these two theories that follows explains the behavioral processes. Choice A is incorrect. The passage does not suggest that one behavioral theory is more effective than another. Choice B is incorrect. The passage sums up current theories ; it does not propose a new one in their place. Choice D is incorrect. The passage presents Pavlov's arguments in the course Of explaining behaviorist psychology ; it does not dispute them. Choice E is incorrect. The passage is concerned With learned behavior as as instinctive or innate behavior. (Main ldea) ln lines 15 ー 17 , the author states that Lorenz and Tinbergen were, with Frisch, the founders of ethology (the study 0f instinct). 29. 30. E. E. Choice A is incorrect. Only Lorenz and Tinbergen are cited for their work with the egg-rolling response in geese ; nothing in the passage suggests that Frisch worked with egg- rolling. Choice C is incorrect. lt is unsupported by the passage ・ Choice D is incorrect. Behavionsts, not ethologists, are cited as favoring strictly controlled conditions (line 44 ー 47 ). ChOice E is incorrect. Nothing in the passage suggests the ethologists have invalidated the behaviorists' approach. (Specific Details) What is remarkable about the goose's response is that 、、 at first glance (it) might seem tO be a thoughtful solution tO a problem. ' ' This suggests that the appearance Of 〃甲 0 れ d ⅲ花〃 igence is what makes the act remarkable or noteworthy. Choice B is incorrect. This is an aspect Of the goose's response; it is not what makes the goose's response noteworthy. lt is not remarkable for an egg-rolling response tO be triggered by an egg ・ Choice C is incorrect. The egg-rolling response supports ethological theories ; it does not refute or disprove them. Choice D is incorrect. This is an aspect Of the goose's response, not what makes the goose's response noteworthy. Choice E is incorrect. lt is bOth inaccurate factually (the response lasts longer than four weeks) and not an aspect Of the goose's response that would be noteworthy. Remember, when asked tO make inferences, base your answers on what the passage implies, not what it states directly. (lnference) Choice E is correct. You can arrive at it by the process Of elimination. Statement I is true. Behaviorists such as Pavlov worked with the unconditioned responses Of animals. Therefore, you can eliminate Choices B and C. Statement ll is untrue. lmpnnting is a term current among ethologists, not behavionsts (line 10 ー 12 ). Therefore, you can eliminate Choice D. Statement lll is true. Behaviorists assume animals act in order tO obtain rewards avoid punishments いんれれど ga リど s 行川″ ). Therefore, you can eliminate Ch0ice A. OnIy Choice E is left. lt is the correct answer. (Specific DetaiIs) The author does れ 0 ー settle any arguments ; he merely presents differing theories without