NOW Ok at a question on a specific detail in the passage ・ According tO the passage, prostaglandins play a ro 厄 in all of the following EXCEPT the (A) clotting of blood (B) sensation of pain (C) contraction of muscles (D) manufacture of platelets (E) inflammation of tissue Watch out for questions containing the word EXCEPT. To answer them, you must go through each answer choice in turn, checking tO see if you can find it supported in the passage.lf you can find support fO 「 it, then you must rule it out. When you find an answer choice withoutsupport in the pas- sage, that's the answer you want. The last two sentences in the first paragraph are the key tO this question. These tWO sentences cite the physiological reactions caused by prostaglandins. Check each Of the answer choices against the infor- mation in these sentences. Testing Tactics€ 133 Choice A is incorrect. ProstagIandins influence 'bIOOd coagulation" or clotting. NOte the use Of clotting, a synonym ・ fO 「 coagulation, rather than the passage's original wording. Choice B iS incorrect. Prostaglandins are involved in producing pain. Choice C iS incorrect. Prostaglandins influence mus- Cle contraction. Choice E iS incorrect. Prostaglandins are involved in producing inflammation. The correct answer is Choice D. WhiIe prostaglan- dins dO have an influence on platelets, they play a ro 厄 in causing platelets tO clump or gather together, notin manufacturing them. lmportant Words in Questions on Specific Detail aesthetic allusion assumption attribute divergent fluctuate hypothetical incompatible indicative inherent innate innovative misconception phenomenon preclude When Asked tO Make lnferences, Base YO Answers 側 What the Passage lmplies, N0t WhatIt States Di ct Language in Thought and Action, S. l• Hayakawa defines an inference as ・ 'a statement about the unknown made on the basis Of the known. lnference questions require you tO use your own judgment. You must not take anything directly stated by the author as an inference.lnstead, you mustlook for clues in the passage that you can use inÆoming up With your own conCll-lSiOn. You should choose as your answer a statement WhiCh iS a logi- cal development Of the information the author has provided. Try this fairly easy SAT inference question, based on the previous passage about prostaglandins. The passage suggests that which 0f the following would be most likely tO initiate the production Of prostaglandins? (A) Taking an aspirin (B) Spraining an ankle (C) CIimbing stairs (D)TIexing a muscle (E) Running a fever •The justification for Choice B as an answer comes in the opening sentence, which states that prosta- glandins are produced in response tO injury or shock. Choice B, spraining an ankle, is an example Of an injury. AS such, it is likely tO initiate or set intO motion the production Of prostaglandins. None Of the Other choices is an example Of an injury or shock. Thus, you can logically infer they are unlikely tO start prostaglandin production going. Taking an aspirin, in fact, would interfere with or block prosta- glandin production. On ツ Choice B is logical tO sug- gest. NOW read this SAT fiction passage, taken from the novel The Heart Of the Matter by Graham Greene. ん i れど 、 lmagine. Forty days in the boats!" cried Mrs. perrot. Everything over the river was still and blank. 、、 The French behaved wellthis time at least,' Dawson remarked. 、、 They've only brought in the dYingC' the doctor retorted. 、、 They could hardly have done less. ' Dawson exclaimed and struck at his hand. 、、 Come inside," Mrs. perrot said, 。、 The windows are netted. The stale air was hea 、 ,ツ v•'ith the coming rains. 、、 There are some ea.ses Of ' said the 、、 but most are Just exhaustion—the worst disease. lt's what most Of us die Of in the end. Mrs. perrot turned a knob; music from the London ( 7 の

8. 9. 10. 12. 13. 14. 15. Test 5/Section 4 619 you continue tO drive SO recklessly, you are likely tO have a ser1011S accident in the near future. NO error The general along with the members Of his general staff seem tO favor immediate retaliation at 4 ・ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Neither the opera singers the general public had seen as much glitter in years as they did D for launch, and the platform had broke as a result. The hot air ballon had burst as they were preparing NO error B C was SO incredulous that no one believed him. His story about the strange beings in a space ship NO error during T ″川れ d , the finale 0f the opera season. NO error I fail tO understand 旦 Y you are seeking my 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. B C A B council after the way you ignored my advice last week. NO error to millions 0f readers, 旦匹 well-known for family Ann Landers, whose name is a household word D C advice. NO error in order tO avoid ma. 」 or catastrophes resulting from review bridge construction across the country Between you and l, the highway department must metal fatigue. NO error B NO error C question Of whether what he eats is healthy or not. JOhn usually eats a quick lunchs ignoring the NO error currently being decided upon in the courts. B C one Of the many controversial issues WhiCh are Child custody in surrogate mother cases is just this time. NO error up ー 0 that time. NO error had ignored our requests for assistance B A We resented him crlticizing our efforts because he Casey Jones, who was killed in the line of duty, was to be immortalized by a ballad. No error became a hero tO fellow railroad workers and new, deceptive proposition. NO error county, voters must go tO the polls tO defeat the Whether self-government is to be retained by the seems tO have noticed that the most influential ln the controversy against TV evangelism, no one CardinaI O'Connor but Bill Cosby. No error preacher in America is not Jerry FaIweII or John & 0 0N T0 THE NEXT PAGE

456 30. 38. D. 31. 32. 33. 34. 45. D. 35. Seven M 面可 SATS B. B. B. B. C. E. Since these three animals were reptiles, we may assume that 、〃 means reptile or reptilian. Remember, when asked tO make inferences, base your answers on what the passage implies, not what it states directly. (lnference) Sign language is useful when words are unavailable or When a person has linguistic difficulties, as in dealing with a foreign language. Remember, before you 100k at the choices, read the sentence and think Of a word that makes sense. Likely Words: translation, language, vocabulary. (Examples) The view Of S contriblltions tO govermnent, 朝 W 、 and engineering iS WhOlly positive: these original addition.s tO htllnan knowledge are gener- ally acknowledged Ot• recognized. / 〃 ( ・ 0 〃〃・ ast 、 Rotne S original contl ・ ibtltions tO art are 〃 ( 耳 rec- ogn レ ed: they 田℃ see ・ n a.S Jtl.St an に ( 0 or imitation Of the art Of ancient Greece. NOte that "although 、・ sets up the contrast. (Contrast Signal) 'Deadbeats" are borrowers whO default on their loans, persons whO dO not repay what they borrow. These people are / か甲厩 or neglectful 0f an obligation. N0te how the phrase set 0ff by the comma deflnes the missing Word. (Definition) A cau 、 sal connection involves cause and effect. Causal is the opposite Of ( ℃どれ / or due tO chance. Remember tO watch for signal words thatlink one part Of the sentence tO another. The use Of 、、 rather than" sets up a contrast. The miSSlng words must be antonyms or near- antonyms. (Contrast SignaI) Disbelief or ⅲ c 尾市り , in the face Of strong evidence indicates a closed or 0 〃〃れ・ 0 れー mind, not an openminded one. (Argument Pattern) 36. 37. 39. 40. 41. 42 。 43. 44. A. B. E. B. A. A. A. D. Just as a れ 0 リに″訂 creates a 〃あー as a guide for a novel in progress, an ′℃ん″ ec ー creates a わん as a guide for a building in progress. Remember, if more than one answer appears tO fit the relationship in your sentence, Ok for a narrower approach. 、、 A novelist uses a が 0t ' ' is t00 broad a framework; it could fit Choices B, C, D, and E. (Worker and Creation) Those whO wince indicate 〃加 ; those whO わ〃ん indicate ど川わ′ r 、川れた (Synonyms) unsophisticated) and ′ⅳ are synonyms. synonyms; likewise ⅲ g れ″ 0 〃 (innocent; S ど面わ (industrious) and 市″ g 加 are (Function) 肥〃 protects a 、 sna ″ . A cat ・〃 ac (hard case) protects a ″〃•tl に ; a (Function) overflow Of water. blOOd; one must dam a ア 00d tO prevent an One must れ c んわ d ⅲ g tO stop the flOW Of (Degree 0f lntensity) must belong tO a different analogy type. synonyms. Eliminate them: the correct answer Note that Choices C, D, and E are all pairs 0f something d 〃川わ″れ浦れ g is extremely Something ″〃′・ 04 0 ″、 extremely 川″、ⅵれ g ; (Defining Characteristic) petulantly. tO ルん / 〃に iS tO ShOW 9 ″に〃 0 ″ & れ S , tO speak TO ゞ〃′ is tO show に 0 ″ん ; tO move sneakily; (Definition) however, is the one WhO gets mocked. A heckler does the jeering; a laughingstock, Beware Eye-Catchers: Choice D is incorrect. g 胤″れわら someone WhO CO 〃 1 〃 / ⅲ $. heckler iS someone WhO ノ e れ、 or mocks; a (Defining Characteristic) from ル〃肥 , 、 g must be separated from 耘 0 ル Just as the dregs (sediment) must be separated (Degree of lntensity) イ夜れ ( ) / なん is more extreme than damage. A わん (hate) is mo 代 extreme than d 〃 ; (Action and lts Significance)

88 The Antonym 0uestion TO be licensed is tO be permitted tO dO something, tO be authorized. Obviousiy, the best antonym tO 「 /icensed is Ch01ce D, not formaily authorized. MOSt students whO take the test wiil get it right. However, some won't Some wiil pick Ch0ice E, not proper/y trained. TO most high schooi students, the iicense that counts is the driver s iicense. Students pay a great deal Of attention tO every aspect Of getting a license, and that inciudes drivers training. Someone whO fails the driving test*is uniicensed; someone whO fails the test must not have been properly tralned You ve JUSt seen an exampie Of hOW someone can be f00 d by an eye-catcher, an answer choice set up tO tempt the unwary intO guessing wrong. Eye- catchers are words that somehow remind you Ot the capitalized WO 「 d. They re related in a way; they feei as if they beiong in the same set Of words, the same semantic field. Here's a more difficuit SAT exampie. See け you can spot the eye-catcher. UNDERMINE: (A) entangle (B) parch (C) overwork (D) enter (E) support What's the opposite Of under? 〇 ve 「 . What ・ s the opposite Of undermine? NO, it's not ove 「Ⅳ 0 「 k. Be suspicious Of answers that come t00 easily. TO undermlne means tO weaken something or cause it tO coliapse by removtng its underlying SUPPOrtS. The OPPOSIte Ot tO underrmne is ChOlce E, tO support. Here s another SAT antonym question. Once again, 、 see if you can spot the eye-catcher. ADVOCACY: (A) dlsrepute (B) opposition (C) ascendancy (D) jusuce (E) unconsclousness Advocacy has tO do with pieading 0 「 arguing for a し ause, advocating or supporting it. Susan B. Anthony, for example, was noted fo 「 her advocacy Of women s rights. The antonym ot advocacy is opposition, Ch0ice B. Where is the eye-catcher in this question? Advocacy may remind you Ot justice. (Advocate is another word forlawyer, after all.) Don't let it catch you. Watch out for those easy-iooKing answer choices thatleap right Off the page. Consider S 0 面 a 『 y Meanings Of the CapitaIized WO as WelI as Primary Meaning. け none Of the answer choices seems right tO you, take another lOOk at the capitalized word. は may have more than one meaning. The SAT Often con- structs questions that make use Of secondary, less weil-known meanings Of deceptively tamiiiar words. Take, f0 「 exampie, this typicai SAT question. (B) inetficient CIVIL: (A) rude (E) proud (D) lazy (C) shy Here, civil does not mean pertaining tO a citizen or tO the state ()s in civil rights, the civil service, or the Civil War). lnstead, civil means pollte, courteous, considerate Of others: 、、 When ー ask a civil question,i expect a ClVil answer. ' By definition, the best antonym fO 「 this meaning Of civi/ is Choice A, rude. Try a second,more difticuit SAT question invoiving the secondary meaning Of a deceptiveiy familiar word. QUALIFIED: (A) underiying (B) disregarded (C) unrestncted (D) predetermined (E) rehabilitated Oua/1fied most commonly means having the accom- plishments that quaiify 0 「 fit you for a particular Office or task. 、、 She was a qua/lfied accountant," for exampie. its opposite wouid be unqualified or unfit. However, none Of the answer ch01ces has thiS meaning. Obviousiy, some Other rneaning Of quali- fied must be involved. Here is a different context fO 「 quallfied: Unsure about the project, the Mayor gave it oniy a qualified endorsement. '、ⅲ this case. quaiified means limited or modified in some way. The Mayor aoes not give the project unlimited 0 「 unrestricted support; she gives it qualified support. The best antonym for qua/ified is unrestricted, Choice C. Notice hOW the word conviction is used in this next example. CONVICTION: (A) crime (B) 、・ eto (C) dearth (D) argument (E) uncertainty The most famiiiar context for the word conviction is a 厄 g one. The District Attorney 旧 out tO get a con- victlon tO prove someone guilty Of a crlme. However, a convictlon iS 引 SO a strong persuaston or belief. ltS antonyms are doubt,lack Of belief—in Other words, uncertainty. Choice E is the best answer.

724 Seven M 面可 SATs ④⑧・◎⑧ (D) face : expression (E) impatience : rebellion (B) anger : madness (C) smile : amusement YAWN : BOREDOM : : (A) dream : sleep Example : pmr. relationship similar tO that expressed in the original phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a or phrases, followed by five lettered pairs 0f words or Each question below consists Ofa related pair ofwords (C) presupposed (D) depreciated (E) implied (A) rescinded (B) promulgated Association. - by the American Medical When it was - cians during epidemics did not exist until 1846 15. A code 0f ethics governing the behavior of physi- 16. SIDEWALK : PEDESTRIAN : (D) deck : card (E) latch . (B) piano : music (C) ruler . 17. ALPHABET : LETTER : (E) waterway : boat (D) boardwalk : shore (C) highway : robber (B) sidecar : motorcycle (A) hangar : plane ・ door ・ distance (A) preface : b00k 18. DROPCLOTH : FURNITURE : (A) banner : flagpole (B) towel : rack (D) singe : fire (E) spread : gossip (B) broach : topic (C) suppress : riot (A) divert : traffic 25. SCOTCH : RUMOR : (E) celebrity : wealthy (C) atheist : radical (D) dignitary : conceited (A) zealot : intense (B) miser : prodigal 24. LUMINARY : ILLUSTRIOUS : (D) outrank : bravery (E) outrage : wrath (B) outstrip : speed (C) outreach : charity 23. OUTFOX : CUNNING : : (A) outline : thought (D) permeate : odor (E) solidify : fluid (B) vaporize : mist (C) petrify : fear (A) analyze : argument 22. PULVERIZE : DUST : (D) winch : hoist (E) ladder : lean (B) card : shuffle (C) axe : sharpen (A) stocking : mend 21. GIRDER : SUPPORT : (D) miser : parsimony (E) nurse : surgery (B) celebrity : fans (C) professor : faculty (A) judge : jury 20. COUNTESS : NOBILITY : (E) remunerate : poverty (D) exonerate : guilt (C) exasperate : irritation (B) commiserate : sorrow (A) mitigate : pain 19. INTIMIDATE : FEAR : (E) apron : clothing (C) pillow : bedding (D) curtain : theater Each passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis 0f what is stated or implied in that passage ・ TO keep clear of concealment, to keep clear of the need Of concealment, tO dO nothing which one might not dO out on the middle Of Boston Common at noonday - ー I cannot say hOW more and more it seems tO me the glory 0f a young person's life. lt is an awful hour when the first necessity Of hiding anything comes. The whole life is different thenceforth. When there are questions t0 be feared and eyes t0 be avoided and sub- 」 ects which must not be touched, then the bloom 0f life is gone. Put 0ff that day as long as possible. Put it 0ff forever if you can. 26. The author regards the occasion when one first must conceal something as (A) anticlimactic (B) insignificant (C) fleeting (D) momentous (E) enviable & 0 Ⅷ E 灯

720 S M 面可 SATs Each passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage ・ Five main weather elements act upon rock. Frost and ice fracture rock. lt can be gradually eroded by airborne dust. The action of the seas , whether through the con- stant movement Of tides or the pounding Of heavy storm waves, remorselessly wears away the coastlines. Rivers are immensely powerful destructive agencies —one has but to ok at the Grand Canyon to appreciate their enormous power. And SLlCh rocks as escape all these influences are worn away over the eons by the effect Of rain. Whatever the cause of erosion, the net result is the same. The rock is reduced tO its tiniest possible constituents—rock particles or, simply, dust. Rain and melting snow carry this dust down tO the tiniest rivulets and the mightiest rivers, which, in turn, transport it tO lakes, inland seas and the coastal regions Of the oceans. Dust, however fine and powdery, is still heavier than water, and whenever the water becomes sufficiently still, it will gradually sink to the bottom, not only in lakes and seas but also in the sluggish lower reaches Of rivers and where flOOd conditions exist, in the form Of silt. And so, over unimaginably long reaches of time, 、 WhOle mountain ranges are carried down tO the seas, and in the process, through the effects of gravity, new rock is born as layer after layer Of dust accumulates on the bottom, building up t0 a depth 0f ten, a hundred, perhaps even a thousand feet, the lowermost layers being gradually compacted by the immense and steadily increasing pressures from above , until the particles fuse together and reform as a new rock. lt is in the intermediate and final processes Of the new rock formation that 0 ⅱ comes intO being. Those lakes and seas 0f hundreds of millions of years ago were almost choked by water plants and the most primitive forms 0f aquatic life. On dying, they sank to the bottom 0f the lakes and seas along with the settling dust parti- cles and were gradually buried deep under the endless layers of more dust and more aquatic and plant life that slowly accumulated above them. The passing of millions Of years and the steadily increasing pressures from above gradually changed the decayed vegetation and dead aquatic life int0 oil. Described this simply and quickly, the process sounds reasonable enough. But this is where the gray and disputatious area arises. The conditions necessary for the formation Of 0 ⅱ are known; the cause Of the met- amorphosis is not. lt seems probable that some form Of chemical catalyst is involved, but this catalyst has not been isolated. The first purely synthetic oil, as distinct from secondary synthetic Oils such as those derived from coal, has yet t0 be produced. We just have to accept that 0 ⅱ is 0 ⅱ , that it is there, bound up in rock strata in fairly well-defined areas throughout the world but always on the sites Of ancient seas and lakes, some Of which are now continental land, some buried deep under the encroachment Of new oceans. (E) mention a limitation (C) cite an example (D) propose a solution (A) describe a process (B) state a possibility 30. The author does all the following EXCEPT (C) erroneous (D) deficient (E) acceptable (A) biased (B) systematic process by which 0 ⅱ is created is According tO the author, our understanding of the (E) the magnificence of nature (D) where 0 ⅱ may be found (C) the effect of rain (B) the devastating impact of rivers (A) the urgent need for dams tO illustrate 28. The Grand Canyon is mentioned in the first paragraph (C) chemists (D)laymen (E) prospectors (A) geologists (B) meteorologists read primarily by lt can be inferred that this passage was written to be (D) I and III only (E) Ⅱ and III only (A) I only (B) Ⅱ only (C) III only Of new rock. III. Gravity plays an important role in the formation synthetic 0 ⅱ in the laboratory. Ⅱ . Scientists have not been able to produce a purely factor in erosion Of the earth's surface. I. The action of the seas is the most important statements iS true? 26. According t0 the author, which 0f the following 29. 27.

ノ ツ Test 1/Section 4 425 primeval' 引 . The author mentions all of the following faults of poor public officials EXCEPT (A) corruption (B) lack of candor (C) indecision (D) uninventiveness (E) lack of independence Throughout extensive areas Of the tropics the tall and stately primeval forest has given way t0 eroded land, scrub, and the jumble 0f secondary growth. Just as the virgin forests Of Europe and North America were laid IOW by man's improvidence, SO those Of the tropics are now vanishing—only their destruction may be encompassed in decades instead Of centuries. A few authorities hOld that, except for government reserves, the earth's great rain forests may vanish within a generation. The economic loss will be incalculable, for the primary rain forests are rich sources Of timber (mahogany, teak) and such by-products as resins, gums, cellulose, camphor and rattans. NO one, indeed, can compute their resources, for Of the thousands Of species that compose the forest cover, there are only a few whose physical and chemical properties have been studied With a view tO commercial use. MOSt important Of all, the primeval rain forest is a reservoir Of specimens, a dynamlC center Of evolution whence the rest 0f the world's plant life has been continually enriched with new forms. These extensive reserves must be defended from the acquisitive hand Of man, whose ruthless ax would expose them tO the ravages Of sun and rain. 32. According to the passage, the primary reason for conservation Of the great rain forests is that they (A) are areas Of botanical evolution (B) are not ready for man's ruthless ax (C) are the chief source of income of governments (D) provide major sources of material for chemical industries (E) need further development before they can be used commercially 33. 34. 35. AS used in the passage, the word (paragraph 2 , line l) means (A) first in importance (B) commercial (C) gorgeous (D) untouched (E) forbidden to man The ideas of the author would probably be most strongl y supported by (A) lumber company representatives (B) conservationists and botanists (C) chemical manufacturers (D) government representatives (E) the "man on the street ” According tO the passage, the result of chopping down the tropical rain forest has been (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) an lncrease in government reserves a surge in plant evolution damage tO the soil a decrease Of commercial exploitation a renewal Of European and North American forests & 0 0 ⅱ 0 THENEXT PAGE

768 writing YO Application Essay ・ lllustrate your qualities with specific examples. Use telling anecdotes tO support your opinions Of yourself. ■ Ask people whO know you well whether they agree with your self-analysis. DON'T ■ Don't be evasive. Stand up for what you think about yourself. ・ Don't be t00 cute or coy. Sincerity is preferable. ■ Don't choose a characteristic merely tO impress the college. ・ Don't write everything you know about yourself. Focus on one or tWO Of your outstanding qualities. ・ Don't write an essay fit for True Confessions. Remember that you can violate every rule and still write a compelling essay. Just be aware Of the per- Suzannah R thinks Of herself as a dynamo in danger Of burning out by age 20. But she can't control her energy level. She's impatient and Often intolerant Of others' laid-back attitudes. But, she added, "AS ー have grown 0 er コ feell am learning t0 accept Other people's shortcomings. Betsy S wrote four paragraph-long sketches Of tmportant moments in her life. Each one—a sail with her father, her mother's remarriage, a breakfast at summer school, and a skiing trip in Vermont ・一 has shaped her personality in some way. Nancy S explained that "anxiety over taking tests has resulted in scores that reflect neither my aca- demic achievement nor my enthusiasm for learn- ing. ' Nancy has tried "every trick in the bOOk" tO overcome test anxiety, but none seems tO work. She appealed tO the college tO be understanding. David V said, "The most important fact tO know about me is thatl am a black person in a white soci- ety. '' David considers himself an outsider and expects tO continue feeling alienated as long as racial prejudice exiStS. 日厄 n E contrasted her goofing Off early in high school("personai problems and just plain stupid- ity") with her productive junior and senior years.ln effect, she was reborn during the summer between 10th and llth grade. AIIison R has fought shyness all her life. She recounted three moments in her life when shyness defeated her.ln contrast, she tO Of three recent incidents that have helped tO raise her self-esteem. steve M sees himself as a latter-day Clarence Dar- row, always standing in defense Of the little guy' often taking the minority point Of view in class' just tO generate a little controversy. け Others consider him obnoxious, he claimed, "it's a small price tO pay for a life full of heated debates and discussions. JOhn K sees himself as a character in a movie. When he's alone he pretends he's Richard Dreyfuss, playing the role Of a yuppie bachelor. He even hums background film music when he's driving or jog- Brendan B is a gourmet COOk. He loves tO eat. "You are what you eat," he believes, so he defined him- self by the f00d he enjoys most. From meat and potatoes, for example, he has gained a strong will. From French sauces, he has derived a subtle sense of humor. NicoIe W is a perfectionist. From schoolwork to keeping her room in order, she cannot allow herself tO dO anything shabbily or incompletely. She is wor- ried about getting a 引 Ob for a college roommate. Dena P, a gymnast since age eight, works like a demon tO be number one. Ever striving for perfec- tion, she wrote, 。 know now that when it comes tO making commitments,l can be ready tO make them. Doug W is an adopted Korean orphan. He sees him- self as a child of two cultures. While a double iden- tity causes confusion in others, he feels "more for- tunate and richer" than hiS American classmates. Jennifer B defines herself as a human computer. lnstead 0f brains she has memory boards and micro-circuitry inside her head. Everything about computers comes SO easily and naturally tO her that She said, 当 must have been conceived in an Atari factory. WouId You TeII Us a Story About YourseIf? TeIIing stories is a most natural thing tO dO. When you come home from schOOl you tell what happened that day. You tell friends what Donna said tO Fred and how Kathy felt afterwards. The story you write for a college application isn't expected tO be like a superbly crafted tale by Poe or 0. Henry, but just an autobiographical account Of an experience. は should tell about something that hap- pened and what it meant tO you. A good story bOth entertains and informs the reader. A story written for a college does even more. は suggests your values, clarifies your attitudes, and better yet, breathes life intO your personality. WhiIe storytelling possibilities are limitless, applica- tion questions usually direct you tO identify and dis- cuss a noteworthy time in your life: Write about a significant experience or event in your life and what it meant tO you.

7 The S entence Completion Qu e stion 0 0 0 Testing Tactics 叩 a 叩 e Strategies Practice Exercises Ans 響 Key The sentence completion questions ask you to choose the best way tO complete a sentence from which one 0 「 two words have been omitted. These questions test a combination Of reading comprehen- sion skills and vocabulary. You must be able tO rec- ognize the logic, style, and tone Of the sentence, SO that you will be able tO choose the answer that makes sense in this context. You must SO be able tO recognize the way words are normally used. Once you understand the implications Of the sentence, you should be able tO choose the answer that will make the sentence clear, logical, and stylistically consistent. The sentences cover a wide variety Of topics Of the sort you have probably encountered in your general reading. However, this is not a test Of your general knowledge. You may feel more comfortable if you are familiar with the topic the sentence is discus- sing, but you should be able tO handle any Of the sentences using your understanding Of the English language ・ Here are the directions for the sentence completion questions just as they will appear on the actual SAT when you take it. Learn them now. They won't change, and the test time you would spend reading the directions can be better spent answering ques ・ tions. Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered words or setS Of words. Choose the word or set ofwords that best fits the mean- ing Of the sentence as a WhOle. Example : Although its publicity has been -- -- , the film itself is intelligent, well-acted, handsomely produced, and altogether -- (A) tasteless.. respectable (B) extensive.. moderate (C) sophisticated.. amateur (D) risqué.. crude (E) perfect.. spectacular ・⑧◎◎⑧ The word a ″わ oug わ is a signal word: it suggests that the film's publicity contrasts with the film itself. The main clause describes the film in positive, even glowing terms: "intelligent, wel ト acted, handsomely produced. " The film is well done. Therefore, the film's publicity must be poorly done. You are looking for tWO words more orless opposite in meaning. The first, describing the publicity, must be negative; the second, summing up the film as intelligent, well-acted, etc. , must be positive. tasteless, and (D) sq リ Since crude, the second half Of Choice D, is not positive, it is an unlikely word tO describe this "intelligent, wel ト acted . film. Eliminate Choice D; Choice A is correct. NOW that you know what tO expect on sentence completion questions, use the following tactics tO help you fill in the blanks. 115

35-Question Math Section 1 ー 7 standard multiple-choice questions 8 ー 27 quantitative comparison questions 28 ー 35 standard multiple-choice questions 50-Question TSWE Section 1 ー 25 usage questions 26 ー 40 sentence correction questions 41 ー 50 usage questions The VerbaI Sections The two verbal sections contain four types of ques- tions: antonyms, analogies, sentence completions, and reading comprehension questions. Your college success will be closely bound up with your verbal abilities—especially your ability to understand what you read. This often means your ability to under- stand the words you read: your vocabulary.ln fact, the more you study actual SAT verbal questions, the more you realize that the key to doing well on the verbal sections Of the SAT is a strong working vocabulary Of college-level words. AS in all SAT sections, the questions in the verbal sections progress from easy tO difficult within each group Of the same type Of question.ln Other words, the first antonym question will probably be easier than the last antonym question; the first analogy question will probably be easier than the last anal- ogy question, and the first sentence completion question will probably be easier than the last sen- tence completion question. Reading comprehension questions, however, are not arranged in order Of dif- ficulty. They are arranged according to the logic and organization Of the passage they are based on. The passages, however, are usually ordered from easy tO difficult within the section. AIthough the amount Of time spent on each type of question varies with the individual, in general, antO- nyms take the least time, then analogies, then sen- tence completions, and, finally, reading comprehen- Sion. Since reading comprehension questions take much longer tO answer (you have tO spend time reading the passage before you can tackle the ques- tions), you should dO these questions last. Antonym Questions The antonym questions are always the first group of questions in a verbal section. They are the most straightforward vocabulary questions on the test. You are given a word and must choose, from the five choices that fO 日 OW it, the best antonym (oppo- site). The vocabulary in this section includes words that you have probably seen in your reading, The e 市 Sections 7 although you may never have used or even heard them in everyday conversations. See Chapter 5 for antonym testing tactics and prac- tice exercises. AnaIogy Questions Analogy questions test your understanding Of the relationships among words and ideas. You are given one pair Of words and must choose another pair that is related in the same way. Many relationships are possible. The tWO terms in the pair can be syno- nyms; one term can be a cause, the Other the effect; one can be a tOOl, the other the worker whO uses the tool. Analogies are the questions that people seem tO think Of most often when they think about the SAT. They may well be the most difficult kind of question on the test, but they aren't impossible, and at least some Of them will be fairly easy. The testing tactics and practice exercises in Chapter 6 will help you handle analogy questions. Sentence CompIetion Questions The sentence completion questions ask you to choose the best way tO complete a sentence from which one or two words have been omitted. These questions test a combination of reading comprehen- sion skills and vocabulary. You must be able to rec- ognize the logic, style, and tone Of the sentence, so that you will be able to choose the answer that makes sense in this context. You must so be able tO recognize the way words are normally used. The sentences cover a wide variety of topics of the sort you have probably encountered in your general reading. However, this is not a test of your general knowledge. You may feel more comfortable if you are familiar with the topic the sentence is discus- sing, but you should be able tO handle any of the sentences using your understanding of the English language. The testing tactics and practice exercises in Chapter 7 will help you handle sentence completion ques- tions. Reading m 曲師 si 聞 Questions Reading comprehension questions test your ability tO understand and interpret what you read. This is probably the most important ability you will need in college and afterward.lt's the ability you are using right now, when you are reading about the SAT. AS we already noted, reading comprehension ques- tions take more time than any Other questions on the test because you have tO read a passage before you can answer them. Therefore, you should dO the reading comprehension questions last. Make sure, though, that when you're working on a 45-question