21 ☆ Cämupdä Probably Ra. 」 asthan About early 1 lth century 52 The River Goddess Gafigä Probably near Mathura, Uttar Pradesh About nud-7th century Crouchmg Lion Probably western Uttar Pradesh About 8th century 56 ☆ ThreshoId with Lions Probably eastern RaJ asthan or southwestern Uttar Pradesh About 6 t halfofthe 9th century 28 Sürya Madaur, Mathura Distnct, Uttar Pradesh About A. D. 85g875 19 Durgä Destroying the Buffalo Demon Probably Mathura reglon, Uttar pradesh About late 9th century 70 Visnu Probably Mathura reglon, Uttar pradesh About late 9th century 25 Umä-Mahe'vara W1th Nandi ProbabIy Haryana or neighbonng Uttar Pradesh About mid-10th century 18 Gane'a 、 vith HiS Consorts Probably eastern RaJ asthan About A. D. 100 ( ト 1050 37 Lotus Ceihng AJmer, RaJasthan About late 1 lth century Uparamäla 9 ☆ Dancing Celestial Woman Probably RaJ asthan or Madhya pradesh About A. D. 800 56 ☆ Threshold with Lions Probably eastern RaJ asthan or southwestern Uttar Pradesh About 6 t half of the 9th century 42 CeIest1aI Woman with Monkeys Possibly Mandasor reglon, Madhya pradesh About 9th century 64 ☆ Vmspava 〃 4 灯 ra Probably eastern RaJ asthan About mid-9th century 58 Corner ofan Overdoor W1th Siva Probably Kota reglon, Rajasthan About second halfofthe 9th century 59 Smva Guardian Probably Kota reglon, RaJ asthan About second halfofthe 9th century 60 ☆ Siva as the cosmic Dancer Probably western Madhya pradesh or eastern RaJ asthan About late 9th century 8 Guard1an of the Northwest, Väyu ProbabIy Kota reglon, Raj asthan About A. D. 875 ー 900 10 CeIestiaI Woman Eastern RaJ asthan or western Madhya Pradesh About early IOth century 72 Vispu AsIeep on the Serpent Ananta Rectangular temple south ofthe tank, Bar011 , RaJ asthan About A. D. 925 ー 950 Celest1aI Woman W1th a Lotus Flower ProbabIy Kota reglon, Rajasthan About A. D. 950 ー 975 45 CeIestiaI Woman Beneath 2 Mango Tree From the ra 明叫叩 4 ofthe Ghate'vara temple, Bar011, Rajasthan About 6 パ t halfofthe 1 1 th century 275

Gurjarade'a 38 ☆ 嶬信 mor Rondel Probably sou thern RaJ asthan About late 9th century 67 行灯 ra 犬励第 Chandravat1, Sirohi Distnct, RaJasthan About 1 lth century 5 Decorated Moldmgs 274 About late 8th to early 9th century Probably southern Uttar Pradesh The seven Mother Goddesses 62 About mid-8th century probably Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh ・ Umä—N'1ahe'vara 24 About 8th century neighbonng Uttar Pradesh Probably central-eastern Madhya Pradesh or Dancing 16 Madhyade'a About A. D. 1075 ー 1100 Attributed to KhaJuräh0, Madhya Pradesh Celestial Woman Under a Tree Branch 46 About second half ofthe 1 lth century KhaJ uräho , Madhya Pradesh Lakimi-Näräyapa 26 About late 10th century KhaJ uräho, Madhya Pradesh ( 翫 A Pmr ofMythical Aquatic Creatures 31 About A. D. 975 ー 1000 Probably KhaJ uräho , Madhya Pradesh CeIestiaI Woman Undressed by a Monkey About second halfofthe 10th century KhaJ uräho , Madhya Pradesh Myth1cal Beast ( アイ同 W1th aWamor 47 Jej ekäde'a A. D. 1169 Patan) , GuJ arat Somanätha temple, Somanätha (Prabhas 35 Loving Couple Kannau. 」 , Uttar Pradesh About early 9th century 73 Five-headed Siva ロ Possibly Uttar Pradesh About early 9th century 74 ☆ Five-headed Siva Li 4 Probably Uttar Pradesh or central Madhya Pradesh About 9th century 41 ☆ CeIest1aI 嶬 man B eneath a Mango Tree Possibly southern Uttar Pradesh About m1d-9th century 54 ☆ R1ver Goddess Possibly southern Uttar Pradesh About mid-9th century 69 Durgä W1th Two Lions Probably southern Uttar Pradesh Abou い econd halfofthe 9th century 20 Durgä with a Lion Probably south-central Uttar Pradesh About mid-10th century 33 Slanted Seat Back KannauJ , Uttar Pradesh About second halfof the 10th century 39 A Row of Ganders ( Ha ホ ProbabIy Uttar Pradesh About late 10th century 30 Esotenc G0ddess (Yogini) on an Owl KannauJ, Uttar Pradesh About first halfofthe 1 lth century Märude'a 34 Vase-and- Foliage Pillar Probably northern RaJ asthan About m1d-8th to early 9th century 9 ☆ Dancing Celestial Woman Probably Rajasthan or Madhya Pradesh About A. D. 800 6 Women with a Water POt Har}amätä temple , Abanen , RaJ asthan About A. D. 80 ( ト 825 55 [Overdoor wi th] Umä-Mahe'vara W1th Lovers and Protect1ve "Faces ” Harsamätä temple complex, Abanen, Raj asthan About A. D. 80 ( ト 825 23 Rävana Shakmg Mount Kailäsa Probably northeastern RaJ asthan About m1d-9th century 64 ☆ Va1spava P ロれたロ ra Probably eastern RaJ asthan About nud-9th century 12 Celestial Woman W1th a 怖” Harshag1n , RaJ asthan A. D. 956 ー 57 48 Umä—Mahe'vara 、 Mith Musicians and Dancers Harshagn , RaJ asthan A. D. 956 ー 57 43 Celestial Woman and Attendant Harshag1n , RaJ asthan Second halfof the 10th century 71 in HiS Boar lncarnatlon Probably northern RaJ asthan About A. D. 1000 21 ☆ Cämuvdä Probably RaJasthan About early 1 lth century Medapäta 64 ☆ Va1spava P ロ ri たロ ra Probably eastern RaJ asthan About mid-9th century 38 ☆ Wamor RondeI Probably southern RaJ asthan About late 9th century 40 CeIestial Woman Playing Ball Attributed to Madhanya (Tusa) , RaJ asthan About A. D. 94 ( 950 14 Mythical Beast ( りの on an Elephant-head Bracket ProbabIy Udaipur regon, Rajasthan Mid-IOth century

Appendix: Regional Classification of Sculptures All works in the exhibition have been classified here according to the anclent reg10n (see map on pages 16 ー 17 ) 伝 om wh1Ch they came or to which they show a stylistic afflliation. The order within each reglonal groupmg IS 叩 proxlmately chronolo 部 cal. Where reglonal styhst1C afflliation IS uncertaln or ambiguous, works appear under more than one reglonal category and are identified with an asterlsk. Dähalade'a 17 Twenty-armed Gane'a Probably central-eastern Madhya Pradesh About early l()th century 49 The SoIar God (Revanta) and His Entourage Probably central-eastern Madhya Pradesh Abou い econd halfof the 10th century 36 FlY1ng Celestial Attnbuted to the monastery at Candrehe, Madhya Pradesh A. D. 973 61 as the ( 〕 osmIC Central-eastern Madhya Pradesh About early 1 lth century 50 Nursing Mother Sh 2d01 Distnct, Madhya Pradesh About early 1 lth century 27 Visnu Probably central-eastern Madhya Pradesh About early 1 1 市 century 3 Lion Subduing an Elephant Reputedly Kari Talai , Madhya Pradesh About 6 t half ofthe 1 lth century Da'ärqade'a Crouching Lion Probably western Madhya Pradesh About 8 市 century 22 Siva Slaymg the Demon Andhaka Southern Uttar Pradesh or neighbonng Madhya Pradesh About second half ofthe 8 市 century 29 Ambikä Yak}i Possibly UJain regon, Madhya Pradesh About late 8th to early 9th century 9 ☆ Dancing Celest1al Woman Probably RaJ asthan or Madhya Pradesh About A. D. 800 D()Or Probably central Madhya Pradesh About A. D. 80 ( ト 850 53 The R1ver Goddess Yamunä Probably central Madhya Pradesh About early 9th century 74 ☆ Five-headed Siva 石 4 Probably Uttar Pradesh or central Madhya Pradesh About 9th century 41 ☆ CeIestiaI Woman Beneath a Mango Tree Possibly southern Uttar Pradesh About m1d-9th century 54 ☆ River Goddess Possibly southern Uttar Pradesh About m1d-9th century 57 Overdoor with Vispu and Goddesses Probably central Madhya Pradesh About m1d-9th century 60 ☆ Siva as the Cosm1C Dancer Probably western Madhya Pradesh or eastern RaJ asthan About late 9th century 7 Guardian of the Southeast, A 部 11 Probably central Madhya Pradesh About early l()th century 66 、 212 ⅱ Probably central Madhya Pradesh About first halfof the 10th century 65 Sürya Parikara Possibly central Madhya Pradesh About late 1 Oth century 44 CelestiaI Woman Beneath a Flowenng Branch Attributed to Surwaya , Madhya Pradesh About late 10th or early 1 1 市 century 68 Ambikä Yakii Attributed to Onkar Mandata, East Nimar D istrict, Madhya Pradesh Dated A. D. 1034 / 35 2 Udayapur, Madhya Pradesh A. D. 1080 15 ☆ Myth1cal Beast ( ) Probably western Madhya Pradesh About late 1 lth century Gopädri 1 Small Shrine Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh About A. D. 750 ー 775 15 ☆ Mythical Beast ( V Probably western Madhya Pradesh About late 1 lth century 32 Pillar Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, or ucimty About late 1 1 th to early 12th century 63 The Tnmty and Goddesses Probably near Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh About 12th century 273

66. Marici Probably sanctum lntenor Provenance unknown, probably central Madhya Pradesh (Dafirnade'a) About first halfofthe 1 Oth century Sandstone; H. 95.9 cm Mr. and Mrs. JoeI Shapiro

69. Durgä with Two Lions Probably a sanctum lmage Provenance unknown, probably southern Uttar Pradesh (Madhyade'a) About second halfofthe 9th century Sandstone; 63 x 41 cm The BrookIyn Museum, Anonymous Gift; 79.254.2

16. Dancing Gaqe'a ProbabIy extenor wall, central offset Provenance unknown, probably central-eastern Madhya Pradesh or neighbonng Uttar Pradesh (Madhyade'a) About 8th century Sandstone; 125.7 x 67.3 cm The Asia Society, New York, Mr. and Mrs. John D. RockefeIIer 3rd 166 ら貰い Collection; 1979.13 Gane'a, elephant-headed Lord of Easy Passage and G00d Fortune, sways h1S corpulence in graceful dance. A host of celestlal mLlSIC1ans accompames hlm on cymbals and drums. Most of Gane'a's ten hands are held in a vanety of dance postures. ln t 、 MO he cames the rosary and snake while a thlrd grasps h1S broken tusk. lndia abounds with legends about this deity. Accordmg to one, Gane'a ovenndulged in his favorite sweets (h1S trunk IS on the verge of snatchmg another). While ndmg h1S レ 4 れ 4 , the rat (seen beneath the lotus pedestal), he tumbled 伝 om its back and his stomach burst. The moon, gazing down at the sight, laughed. ln embarrassed anger, Gane'a snapped 0 圧 one tusk and hurled it skyward; therefore, he is portrayed with the broken tusk in hand. Legends also glve Gane'a a vanety of ongms, but in all he is somehow created by or born of Pärvati and ⅳ a. The lion-skin skirt, delicately etched on his le , connects him with the wild, ascet1C Siva, as do the snake and the matted locks 0f halr peeklng 伝 om behind his crown. ln the temple settmg, however, he appears ln vanous locatlons ln monuments Of many sect affliatlons, not only ln connectlon 、 Mith the Sa1va pantheon. Behind Gane'a's head is set a large lotus halo surrounded by a hatchworked circle. Above it, a flY1ng couple beats percusslon to accompany the god's dance, as d0 the four male attendants at the base. The flying figures are backed by a stylized cloud, a conventlon partlcularly popular and visually promment in the sculptures 伝 om Madhyade'a and DähaIade'a in Madhya Pradesh throughout the eighth tO tenth centunes, but met with in the south as early as the late sixth century. The format of th1S image makes it likely that it fit intO a large extenor 、 vall niche, probably on a Saiva temple (although possibly on one dedicated to Sürya, the sun). When placed in such a context 伝 0n1 at least the

eighth century onward, Gane'a often appears in the 励記川 (central offset) niche of a 2 southern wall ( No. 1 ). SchoIars who have pubhshed this 3 sculpture have called it eighth century, 5 mnth century, and ninth tO tenth century. exammatlon Of the carvmg as well as certain details, partlcularly Of ornament, seems tO warrant an early date—probably no later than the end of the eighth century. Ornament IS simple, as are the round lotus pedestal with stem, layout of figures and pierced rehef ground. This Gane'a is really carved in the round, the features of h1S back roughly but fully chiseled. The naturalism of the lotus pedestal as well as the so 仕 undulating flesh and weight of the bodies also indicate an early date. The particular 応 rm of the たル川たん 4 in the center Of the crown, more monkey than lion, as well as the dimensionality of the foliate scrollwork connect this image Of Gane'a with monuments Of the eighth century. These forms retaln a taste Of earher structures, such as the Munde'vari temple at Ramgadh, Madhya pradesh, datable to A. D. 636 7 that are Just emerglng 伝 om Gupta conventlons—convenuons Where the vegetal and animal forms that become stylized ornament by the ninth century stlll retaln a clear VISIOn Of their prototypes ln nature. R ( 肥れ化 : Lee 1975 : 17 , 20 , no. 8 ; The Asia Society 1981 : 11 , 1982 : 3 ; Sutton 1983 : 364 , fig. 9 ; Newman 1984 : 44 , 75 , 84 ; Bird et 1985 : 28 , fig. 6 ; Chandra 1985 : 112 ー 13 , no. 46 ; Courtnght 1985 : pl. 1 ; Pal 1986 : 71 , no. 16. EITA, V01. 2 , pt. 1 , pp. 115 ー 23. 7. Ramgadh is located southeast 0f Varanasi. See ( 石ー T 月 , vol. 2 , pt. 2 , fig. 168 ). Archeolog1cal Museum, Lucknow Umvers1ty fragment 伝 om Ahar, Madhya Pradesh, in the See, for example, the probably late eighth-century Robert Brown. Pramod Chandra. 3. Richard Newman, Paul Courtnght. See the essay by Danelle Mason. vol. 2 , pt. 1 , pl. 220. 1. Doorway 0fAurangabad Cave NO. 6. See EITA, 6. 5. 4. 2. 17. Twenty-armed Gaqe'a ProbabIy extenor wall, central offset Provenance unknown, probably central-eastern Madhya Pradesh (D ähalade'a) About early 1 Oth century Sandstone; 68.3 x 23 cm JamesW. and Marilynn AlsdorfCoIIection, Ch1cago His t 、 venty arms fanned out around him like a halo, th1S dancing Gape'a, elephant-headed Remover 0f Obstacles, combines extraordlnary exuberance With a gentle, inward hesitancy. Left leg steppmg forward in the dance, heel slightly raised to stamp, and nght knee bent, he swings h1S h1P and bulglng belly backward, counter- balancing with h1S head and opposite shoulder. ln his many hands Gane'a holds an array of attnbutes, includmg h1S own broken tusk ( No. 16 ) as cornucopia bursting with fohage (upper le 仕 hand) , a reference to his early role as Lord 0fAgnculture and thus れⅲ呼 As his name implies, he is lord of Siva's host of rotund dwarfs (g 叩 ) who h1S own corpulence, probably indlcatlve 0f his as a 4 or early lndian 10Ca1 nature s int. Son of Siva and Pärvati, Gane'a holds iva' s snuling snake (upp er nght hand) , crescent n100n (center le ) , and skull cup (center nght) as well as the conch (center le and mace (center nght) that may indlcate an attempt tO mcorporate Vaisnava afflliation. His supple, curhng trunk plucks a sweet ball 伝 om the ubiquitous bowl in his forward le 丘 hand. Other hands dlsplay 川 of the dance and musical instruments. dances on a lOtus pedestal similar in f0n11 tO the earlier Gape'a ( NO. 16 ). TO his le 仕 a long, llthe rat, his レ〃 4 〃 4 , twists upward tO gaze appreciauvely at the god, while a second rodent crouches nearby. Directly above the god's head, a heavenly garland-bearer pr0Jects e 〃 - 化伝 0n1 an ornamental, multilayered cloud. Flankmg clouds hold celestial couples playing muSIC t0 accompany the dance. AdditionaI muslclans at the god's feet beat percusslon as they sway vlvaciously to the divine rhythm. S corkscre 、 pose With one shoulder forward to balance an outthrust hip, seen even 1 れ ore clearly in the dancing drummer by the god's nght leg, is a typical 1 167

48. MusiC1ans Dancers Probably interior frieze above a hall architrave H arshagn , RaJ asthan (Märude'a-Sapädalaksa) A. D. 956 Sandstone; 45.7 x 85.7 cm The Nelson-Atkins Museum ofArt, Kansas City, Missoun (Nelson Fund) ; 35 ー 304 underlaid by a row of flattened, leaflike Amid swaying dancers and mLISIC1ans, Siva and Pärvati (Umä—N'Iahe'vara), ornament. Although th1S piece has been well entwined, appear as an 1COn upon the sedate published, mentlon has never been made of Nandi. The relief comes 伝 om Harshag1n its probable ongmal location within the (Nos. 12 , 43 ) and, like others 伝 om that site, architecture of, presumably, the large temple reflects an acute, jewelerlike attentlon to fine at Harshag1n (the Harsanätha, known as the detalhng, as seen in the 、 voven rattan basket Puräna Mahädeva). Just where did this relief on the arm Of the flex—limbed ascetlc tO and others like it (not only 伝 om Harshagn Siva's right. but throughout north lndla) ongmally As with other Harshag1n lmages, bodies appear? are , 1 Ⅱ O , y with long torsos and sensuously Early in th1S century the temple was na 江 0 , waiStS. Faces are fairly 、 Mide and reconstructed above its bindlng n101d1n round, yet have sloping Jaws. The plane of usmg a miscellany Of pieces collected at the the face is flat; features stand out in sharp site, , in their proper locatlons. contrast. Eyes, for example, are deeply carved Fortunately, the hall retams lts onglnal lower W1th1n sharp outhnes (rounded on the inner portlons with lateral projectmg porches, a rectangular space in front Of the sanctum corner, pointed on the outer) , and brows f0n11 curvlng cordlike lines across the door ( の marked by two pillars, and a forehead, nearly meetlng at the nose. raised central platform. Four partlally ongmal scene 1S enacted on a single plane, pillars stood on the corners of th1S pla 0m1. all figures restlng on a shallow ledge, Although unfinished blocks are used as 円イ

61. Siva as the Cosmic Dancer Section Ofan overdoor Provenance unknown, probably central-eastern Madhya Pradesh (D ähalade'a) About early 11 th century Sandstone; 44.5 x 31.6 cm Museum ofFine Arts, Boston, Marshall H. Gould Fund; 1992.12

KhaJuräho had attalned a tenuous balance bet 、 veen the reqtllrements Of the autonomous lmage and those Of the entlre C01 れ posltlon. Even on the temple 伝 om which this image came, it is hkely that figures oflesser importance already tipped that balance t0 the needs of the whole ( No. 46 ) , as was true of all sculptures on temples bullt by the subsequent generatlon. 27. Vi ロ Probably extenor wall, central offset Provenance unknown, probably central-eastern Madhya Pradesh (Dähalade'a) About early 11 th century Sandstone; H. 119.3 cm Museum ofFine Arts, Boston, David PuIsifer KimbalI Fund; 25.438 1. This is not certaln, however, since the large temples of Khajuräho frequently dlsplay such d1Vine images, even couples, in Other OffsetS as well. For example, the unusual Pär'vanätha temple repeats images Of standlng Lakyni-Näräyapa without mches flankmg the wlndows on the extenor Of the ambulatory path. 2. Deva, 川 2 研 K ん可 0 , V01. 1 , pp. 23 , 240.