1867 : A Currier & lves print entitled Home ′ 0 「一 a sg ル加 gfo 「 e e 「 sets the classic mood fo 「 a quiet day of family 「 e 社ⅲ 0 5 United States A HoIiday of Hope ル″カ guarded 叩″襯な襯 , し & あ 0 r ル 4 乃 4 〃んル加 g t was, as always, a special holiday, with a mood all its own. lt had its tradi- tional parades, fiestas on main streets that make children glad adults never grow up; its classics, 0ften unclas- sically played; its Butterballs, a word sometimes as aptly applied tO the stuffed consumers as it is to the birds. But there were few elaborate dress-up parties and no bulging racks ofgreeung cards; the 8- casional pasteboard turkeys that ap- peared ⅲ stores got lost amid the Christ- mas lights that began winking as soon as the Halloween decorations came down. lts very lack Of glitter, as Americans dis- covered anew last week, makes Thanks- g1V1ng the essence Of what a holiday was originally supposed tO : a day pnmar- ily for family, for reunion, even for the of- fering 0f thanks. The day was, as well, a time bOth for reflection and for 100k ⅲ g ahead. Thanksgiving is a kind of pause between seasons ()a little this side Of the snow andt that side of the haze, ” wrote Poet Emily Dickinson). This year the holiday 26 also marked a 00 ⅱ tlcal pause. A defeat- ed Administration was tidying up 100Se ends before vanishlng intO history; a new Government was organizing itself tO take over. The nation seemed tO looking forward, not with exuberance, but with a more realistic n100d that mingled re- lief and hO . There was relief that the strident echoes Of a divisive and inter- minable campaign had at last died away, and, like it or not, the nation had made a clear chOice. And there was hope that a new President f0Ⅱ0 、 a new VISion could make a start toward building a れ 10re confident Amenca. Like many 0f the citizens he will lead for the next four years, Ronald Reagan prepared for the months tO come by se- cluding himself with his family. Leaving LOS Angeles ⅲ a green Marine Corps Huey helicopter for three days at his 688- acre ranch ⅲ the Santa Ynez Mountains, he was asked if he would be making his final Cabinet decisions. "Oh れ 0 , ” the Pres- ident-elect replied , "I think I'II doing work on the brush and the woodpile. ” And he did: chopplng wood with a heavy double-edged ax and riding horseback ev- ery day with his wife Nancy. On Thanksgving, Daughters Patty and Maureen, Maureen's fiancé Dennis Reve11, Brother Neil, 71 , a retired adver- tiS1ng executive, and Neil's wife Bess came tO the ranch for a turkey dinner. The weather was sparkhng and the ocean vrew stunning 仕 om vantage points along the hills Said Reagan: 'lt's very easy tO talk about Thanksgiving when surround- ed by this type of beauty. l'm thankful, very 部 ate ん 1. Maybe some time ⅲ the day everyone will find time tO appreciate what we have ⅲ this country. Jimmy Carter a19 boarded a Marine Corps Huey, but on the lawn ofthe White Hou 記 . He tOO tOOk 0 代 for a mountain- top retreat, and for his last Thanksg1ving as President. Rosalynn, Amy, Jeffand his wife Annette, and Annette's parents, 、行 and Mrs. G. C. Davis Jr. , joined the Pres- ident at Camp David. He had taken along hiS cross-country SkiS in case there 、 snow, but he was disappointed. He made TIME, DECEMBER 8 , 1980

What particularly bothers students and school offcials is that the news of ェ each incident has seemed tO spawn Oth- ers. ln an open letter tO the college com- munity, WesIeyan President COlin Camp- bell said he believed the anonymous letter delivered there was one example Of 。 're- surgent racism ln society at large. '' Chan- dler concurs: “ Because Of the current shift ⅲ the national mood I 'm assum- ing that some rather ugly impulses have been liberated. ” Says Archie Epps III, dean Of undergraduates at Harvard and a black: 。、 ln such a climate, an indi- vidual whO has harbored resentment is more likely tO feel free tO threaten ml- KLAM 、 0 U T norlties because , once agaln, it iS re- spectable. ' ' Among the moves that Chan- dler and Epps feel encourage racism are 0F HARVAR an antibusing measure in Congress and calls tO repeal the Voting Rights Act. The incidents have spurred students and faculty members tO 100k anew at long- srmmering problems between the races , Before the Harvard-YaIe game, demo れ st 「 atO 「 5 protesting attacks march tO the stadium b0th on campus and 0 仕 Acknowledges Susan Hobbs , a white Williams semor: Racism Flares on Campus “ There has been apprehension about re- lations between minorlties and whites. 召ん 4 な ac ん平〃′ 4 尾ル〃ビル〃〃イ〃イ加 g $ Another white Williams student wonders why 。 'each group seems tO stick together, the Midwest. Earlier this semester two without reaching out tO each Other. ” Says he ugly message called for the elim- Darrell McWhorter, a black senior who ination 0f "stinking black monkeys ” cross burnings occurred at Purdue Um- from "a white society. ” lt was mailed versity ⅲ lndiana. One, made Of WOOd , is president Of the Williams student coun- from CIeveland, signed K. K. K. and ad- was planted on the lawn 0f a black fra- cil: "There is really nothing different here ternity house; the Other, shaped Of com- from the world outside. These incidents dressed to a black senior at Williams C01- have just shown that Williams does not lege ⅲ Williamstown, Mass. , part 0f a puter cards, was taped tO the dormitory exist ⅲ a vacuum. ' Says Harvard's Jack- spate Of hate mail and threatening phone window of two black students and set son: “ Until we sit down and talk to each calls tO blacks on campus. A similar let- afire. At Ohio's Kent State University, black student organization material on other about what's really going on ⅲ this ter was sent tO Williams President JOhn campus bulletin boards was defaced. country that makes people lash out Chandler. against blacks, Third World people , gay The wave Of antiblack attacks began Though omcials have sharply tight- ⅲ early November. During homecoming, people and poor people, I think the prob- ened security on the campuses and the tWO figures ⅲ white sheets planted a FBI is investigating the incidents at 、 MiI- lem will exist. ' At Williams, offcials held two prayer wooden cross on campus. Few tOOk any liams, WesIeyan and Harvard for pos- notice until the pair doused the cross with meetings and replaced half a day 0f class- sible civil rights violations , there is no gasoline, igmted it and escaped. Williams, evidence Of whO is behind the racist cam- es With semmars 0 れ campus race re- a small liberal arts college ⅲ a rural cor- paign, whether isolated individuals or lations. A reward Of $ 1 000 was offered ner Of northwestern Massachusetts, is not concerted groups. Despite the Ku Klux for information about the cross burners. Corne11 President Frank Rhodes con- the only school ⅲ the Northeast where ra- Klan references and implications, there ducted four meetings with administrators, cial incidents have occurred : is no proof that the Klan is involved. faculty and staff members , and concerned At Harvard , Lydia Jackson, president students, and praised 、 'the way they are Of the university's BIack Students As- helping me deal with [the incidents]. sociation, found her omce calendar de- 工 At WesIeyan, a rally by 600 Of the uni- faced with racist slogans, including TEN versity's 2 , 600 students heard 20 speak- DAYS TO KILL and K. K. K. UNITE. She also received several frightening phone ers , including Campbe11, the mayor 0f calls, one of which threatened her with Middletown, ministers and several black rape if she did not "stop creatlng trou- undergraduates. Before the Harvard-Yale ble and maklng noise on campus. football game , 250 chanting students , At Cornell University ⅲ upstate New black and white , marched to the sta- York, a gang of ten white youths jostled dium carrymg antiracist placards. The incidents and the resulting ral- and harassed a young black student on Election N1ght. Six weeks before, some- lies, prayers and discussions appear tO have brought blacks and whites on cam- one had hurled a rock through a win- dow Of Ujamaa HaIl, a residence pre- pus closer together. Says Wesleyan Pro- dominantly for black students. fessor Long: "ln the nine years that I have been here, this is the first time the At WesIeyan University ⅲ MiddIe- tO 、 vn, Conn. , Associate Professor Jerome umversity has coalesced tO speak tO a Long, director Of the Afro-American common concern. ” Concludes Campbell : Despite the cruelty Of its motivation Studies Center, got a letter addressed tO all residents of Malcolm X House, a and the pain it has caused , this latest incident may yet serve a beneficial pur- black student dormitory. "I have a dream, ” it read, 0f "wiping all g. d. mg- pose by reminding us hOW far we have Charred c 「 055 at Purdue fraternity house gers 0 代 the face 0f the earth. ' come and hOW far we still have tO . c ん加 c / イ e 〃ー seemed ね 24 ル〃 0 . There have a19 been incidents ⅲ 32 TIME, DECEMBER 8 , 1980

Time Essay The Sad Truth About Big Spenders breadline that accepts only cash. But let a Silver Shadow come The face of luxury (a dizzy little thing) 、ををな 1 い humming along, and our h0110W faces will suddenly be laved in seems tO pop up at the Oddest times. an involuntary beatific glow , like the Ancient Mariner j ust be- ln our own Odd times , for example , fore the bird dropped. Why? there are very few signs Of a world ⅲ If such things were tO be explained rationally, several POS- the chips. Yet, on a given street on a sible answers come tO mind : l) luxury redistributes wealth; 2 ) given day, R011s-Royces idle bumper tO splendid bumper; the luxury is a sign Of national strength ; 3 ) individual big spending air is soaked ⅲ召記å / 夜〃 , ・ diamonds go like Tic Tacs. redounds t0 the well-being 0f the masses. Unfortunately, none From now tO Christmas T んル YO 夜・ will be heaving with of these explanations pertains. The general reason the world ads for crystal yaks and 0ther lavish doodads ⅲ。 'limited edi- loves big spenders is fascination—not j ust for what they buy, tions, ' ' for which one assumes there must be buyers. Saks Fifth but also for wh0 they are, what they want 0f life. If the rich are Avenue, which advertises itself as all the things we are, has re- different from you and me, it is not because they have 1 れ ore cently decided that we are a 14-karat gold charge plate ( $ 750 ). money, but rather because their money has enabled them t0 Of course such stuff is not for the multitudes. But you would live ⅲ an apparently perfect tense: the hypothetical fantastical. think that the multitudes might get rather sore at the spectacle TO most people the question "What if . ワ” iS mere hazy spec- Of the luxuriating た w. OccasionallY they dO. TOday ⅲ ltaly and ulation. TO the luxuriating rich, 、 What if' is a lever, the fore- West Germany , the rich are growing shy about strutting their taste Of a fact. lt works the same way for artists as well, but the stuff ⅲ public. On the whole, however, they are about as ret- dreams 0f the rich fall something short 0f art. icent as Bette Midler. On the whole, t00 , nobody resents the So David Bowie , the rock star, outfitted his Linc01n Con- flaunting. tinental with a television, paintings and plants hanging 仕 om For luxury exists quite comfortably on tW0 incompatible the roof. And a Saudi sheik recently bought a jet that he fur- planes 0f thought. The higher plane is moral. On it luxury is nished with a $ 40 000 mink bedspread and 24-karat gold show- heartily condemned , as indeed it has been heartily condemned er fixtures. Such stuff is child's play compared with oldtime big throughout history. Ye cannot serve GOd and mammon , ' ' it spenders like the Maharaj ah 0f Gwalior, whose model electric says plainly ⅲイ砒どル . CatO offered a practical note. "Beware train ran on 250 feet Of silver tracks between the kitchen and Of luxury, ” he tOld the Romans. ' 'You have conquered the prov- the banquet hall. But it is 4 〃 child ' s play : Hugh Hefner's flying ince Of Phasis, but never eat any pheasants. ” And that has been rabbit no less than the royal yacht 召〃〃 , with space for a the general line on the subject , spliced here and there with a quib- RoIIs below decks. There seems a special need on the part 0f ble on what actually constitutes a luxury (V01taire holding that big spenders tO locate treasures withln it is anything above a necessity) , or a rare treasures, thus ensuring the possibility Of defense: "Give us the luxuries of life and continuous surprise and delight. When lit- we Will dispense 、 itS necessities ” tle Willie Hearst asked his mother tO buy (J0hn L0throp M0tley). Still, history's him the Louvre , he may have foreseen high livers have been accused Of every whole hours Of contentment. imaginable sin: active, cardinal, political, The curious thing about a 'What i 「 ' cosmic , origmal. state Of mind is that it ought tO provide Since that is SO, it ought tO fOllOW that lives Of exquisite variety. ln fact, it seems the world's big spenders would constantly to lead to the most limited choices. There be shrinking from the public's stony stare , have been exceptions tO be sure—the Chi- like devils ⅲ the sunshine. That they dO nese Emperor Qin Shihuang, wh0 built not shrink that instead they swell and 270 fully equipped palaces, each a rep- shimmer, may be yet another sign Of our lica 0f one that had belonged t0 a de- essential depravity. For all its sermons tO feated king or warlord ; and the Roman the contrary, the world loves a big spend- Emperor Elagabalus, whO once had slaves er. Ⅵ℃ cannot help ourselves. We may be bring him 10 , 000 pounds 0f cobwebs be- stripped Of all our possessions, out ⅲ the cause it seemed like a good idea. Among cold , down tO our last charge plate (not the more gallant big spenders was the 8 th one 仕 om Saks) , and standing last ⅲ a Teatime guest of Eccentric [ 0 「 d Berners 2 一を -00 第 ST E V E S C 工 A P 一 R 0 Partygoers on a spree at the Great Gatsby's The 「 OY yacht 8 けねね , with space fO 「 a RO 5 below decks 58 TIME, DECEMBER 8 , 1980

The good ship こ 0g05 docked in Bangk0k REFUGEES Saving SouIs at Sea / 川な 0 〃 / 襯 20 訪五〃 4 / ゆ CO 川ん 4 2 ア e 〃イ加 g he mission 0f the M. V. ん og lies in ed more than 」 ust provisions, ' explained its name. Translated from the Greek, the ん 0g0 ゞ director, Allan Adams. "We it means "the word"—and, for Christians, knew that picking them up could u pset the Word of the Gospel. For the past our 1 れ 1SSIOn , but there was no moral al- ten years, the 269- ft. - long former Dan- ternative. ' Within tWO days came an- ish ship and its crew Of 100 evangelical Other test, when the ん 0g0 came across Christians have been sailing the seas from a second hapless boat carrying 4 ー ref- ugees. The missionary vessel resc ued Yokohama to Bombay , stopping at 20 countries a year tO sell religious bOOkS them as well. at bargaln prices and save souls for free. The crew's worst fears were justi fied. When the ん og reached ThaiIand, of- Operated by Britain ' s United Bible SO- cieties, the ん 0g0 picks up customers in ficials there refused tO let the refugees launches dubbed "glory boats," brings land and ordered them intO quarantine them aboard to browse through its b00k- on the ship. Singapore, where the ん og is registered, also balked at letting the shelves and hear the message. There are Bible classes , premarital counseling, sem- Vietnamese ashore despite pleas from inars for 10Ca1 ministers. But ⅲ early OC- the British foreign 0 伍 ce. Britain itself refused tO take them in , even though tober the ん og embarked on a different kind Of soul saving when it came upon the vessel is owned by British interests. For weeks, the re. 」 ected refugees camped tWO boatloads Of desperate Vietnamese under tarpaulins on the ん 0g0 、 swel- refugees. En route from Hong Kong tO Thai- tering aft deck, helping in the ship's land and about 93 miles east of Viet upkeep by cleaning , painting , washing Nam , the ん 0g0 encountered a small, dishes and working in the galley. Some overloaded boat crammed with 52 Viet- cheerfully embraced their hosts' Christian namese. At sea for eleven days, the 30- message. ft. rlver craft was out Of fOOd, water and ln the end, GOd, in the dubious guise almost all its fuel—and drifting ⅲ cir- of Whitehall, provided. Last week the cles. Twenty ships, mostly Japanese, had diplomatic 10 am broke when Britain agreed tO guarantee the resettlement Of passed the forlorn vessel; one came SO close that it almost swamped it. Sighed the refugees, whO will now make their Luc Bich Van, 36 , a former accountant way tO the U. S. , Canada, France and Brit- for the U. S. Air Force in Viet Nam: ain. For other boat people still wan- dering on the high seas, the end is not 、 We wonder why people have no likely to so happy. Reflects ん og humanity. Direc tor Adams : 、、 A high percentage Of So did the ん og staff. WeII aware that taking on the refugees could make these people die. Yet the only recep- their ship a pariah ⅲ Asian ports, they tion for the few that survive is annoy- prayed over the decision, but it never ance. ” The good ship ん 0g0 is still the exception. seemed in doubt. "These refugees need- Re scued chi ldren with a crewman 0 れ board Snatched from the 50 社 th China Sea, Vietnamese rest, talk and mend clothes on deck while ()e 代 ) one young man wears a religious T shirt The crew ん〃どル 4 ー the r c 〃 C04 / イどれ da 〃 g 夜・川な豆 0 〃わ 4 / , 4 アど 2 ′ア / れ g , ″ z d ー′ビル 0 〃 0 川 0r0 / / r 〃″肥 . 20 TIME, DECEMBER 8 ヨ 980

WorId Europe , began to build it up. This is the possibility Of confrontation must ad- friendly tO the SOViet Union, intO a hos- being done in bOth quantitative and quali- vance at an ever higher pace. OnIy then tile outpost Of imperialist forces on the tative terms, which is a departure from will these efforts outpace the rate of the southern border ofthe U. S. S. R. the policy Of reaching arms limitation development Of military-technological lt has become fashionable ⅲ the agreements. Does this not harm the po ト ideas and their implementation and lead U. S. A. to proclaim whole regions of the icy ofdétente? tO a reduction Of the arms race. This is world as zones of 、、 vital interests. ” Why TOday all attempts tO achieve mil- essential for the general process Of arms can the simple truth not be understood : itary superiority are doomed. Ⅵ may reduction and preventing an armed con- though the SOViet Union is far from pro- surpass each Other ⅲ the production Of frontation. claiming some regions as a zone Of itS a specific type Of arms, but when we The leaders of our country have re- vital interests , it cannot at the same time speak Of the approximate parity Of forc - peatedly stated that we are ⅲ favor Of remain indifferent when on itS borders, es, bOth in your country and ours, we con- good relations with the U. S. These are be it in the south , west or east, attempts sider the totality Of all the weapons that not merely words. Ⅵ℃ have confirmed are being made tO create reglmes hostile the Soviet Union , the U. S. and their al- this with practical deeds and keep do- tO it? 、 have had some experience—a lies possess. ing SO. As emphasized by Leonid Brezh- rather grlm one at that—prior tO Ⅵ′ orld Unfortunately, the policy of the nev , any signs Of a SOber and construc- War Ⅱ when there were efforts to cre- U. S. A. and other NATO countries has tive approach tO the settlement Of ate a so-called sanitary cordon around recently exhibited a sharp turn toward international issues will meet a positive the U. S. S. R. What it resulted in for the upsetting the existing approximate bal- attitude on our part. The SOViet Union whole world has not , probably , been for- ance Of forces in the world. They want has consistently stOOd for détente and gotten in the U. S. A. 「 Or revitalizing it. This is exac tly where tO revive the cold war against the SOViet The actions the Soviet Union has Union. But we already once went through we see the only opportunity for pre- taken tO render assistance to the Af- such a periOd , and it brought ghan government are purely neither the U. S. A. nor the defensive. These actions pur- U. S. S. R. any good. sue one alm : protec tion Of our The very fact of Soviet- friends and the security of our American understanding on southern frontiers. NO 1 れ ore key issues has always exerted than that. The U. S. S. R. has a stabilizing influence on the repeatedly emphasized that it international situation. At dif- stands for a political solution ficult moments this made it tO this problem. Washington possible tO act tO prevent dan- knows well that if the U. S. A. gerous developments. ensured the complete termi- The obj ective truth is that nation Of outside interference we must hold discussions all in the affairs Of Afghanistan the time, and dO SO on a wide and effectively guaranteed, range Of questions: bilateral re- together with Afghanistan's lations, international issues or neighbors, that such interfer- the problem Of disarmament. That is venting a retreat tO the cold war periOd. ence would not be resumed , the reason the way it should be. But there are dif- There are , unfortunately, many hot for keeping SOViet troops ⅲ Afghanistan ferent kinds Of discussions. They are most spots in the world these days. There has would be eliminated. productive when the underlying wish is been an aggravation Of the situation in 、 Mashington shows particular zeal in to seek and find a solution. Yet it is the MiddIe East. ActuaIIy, the U. S. has trying tO justify its actions against Af- quite another thing when negotiating in effect given up the search for a 」 ust ghanistan and in spreading the allegation partners are politicians whO seek their and comprehensive Middle East settle- that the U. S. S. R. threatens the 0 ⅱ sup- own advantage in disadvantages for Oth- ment through j Oint efforts Of all parties ply lines on which Western countries ers , or WhO , having signed an agreement concerned. lt has wrecked the settlement depend. Our country does not have the tOday , take a diametrically opposed de- machinery Of the Geneva Conference , slightest intention tO encroach upon en- CISion tomorrow. where the Soviet Union was meant tO ergy sources ⅲ the Middle East. And it 、 MhiIe negotiating on a broad range play no small part. is not Soviet forces that are stationed in Of issues, the parties should not rigidly Tension has been increased South- the region. link them together. Discuss10ns must con- west Asia as well—owing tO a sharp de- There is yet another question. ln the sider all the issues, but the way tO settle terioration in lraqi-lranian relations. past few years, the U. S. side—let us put them iS ln a parallel and consistent man- Just like any Other part Of the world , it that way—has been actively trying tO ner. Experience shows that this method the Persian GuIf is the sphere of in- demolish the edifice of American-Soviet produces effective results. terest Of the countries located there. NO economlc relations, the edifice that was Of course, continuity in politics is one has the right tO interfere ⅲ their af- erected by bOth sides under the pre- also essential. This is the only basis that fairs. lt is imperative tO bring this crisis decessors Of today's President. lt is easy can assure stable development Of mu- tO the earliest political settlement through and irresponsible tO destroy all this. But tual trust and confidence ⅲ each other's negotiations between the warring sides. it will take much time to restore it. TO intentions. The opponents of détente are trying SOW enmity between our nations means Arms reduction and the Other side tO use the Afghanistan events tO fan up resorting tO methods that harm not the Of this issue , namely the safeguarding Of international tension. The fact is , how- Soviet Union but the prestige Of those each country' s national security, are tO ever, that the pressure on Afghanistan whO use such methods. a certain extent interdependent. That is started immediately after the April rev- The U. S. S. R. , as before, believes that why it is essential tO conduct negotiations olution of 円 78 and was directed from the only reasona ble way is tO lessen ten- without upsetting the achieved balance. Pakistan. ln plain words, it is with ac- sion and limit arms, and that bilateral lt is equally essential tO leave landmarks tive American and Chinese participation problems should be settled on a j ust and in the course Of negotiations in the shape that armed formations are brought in tO mutually advantageous basis. The stable Of concrete agreements and understand- A fghan territory from Pakistan. Amer- development Of trust and confidence in lngs, rather than declarations Of intent lcan politicians have not concealed that each other's intentions is possible only tO tackle these issues. The efforts in the they would like tO see the Afghanistan on this basis. What we sow today will sphere Of disarmament and in preventing situation turn this country, traditionally sprout tomorrow. 14 TIME, DECEMBER 8 コ 980 "AII attempts to achieve military superiority are doomed. —Leonid Zamyatin

Cinema The camera that's a computer PiIe of Zs programmed t0 take THE AWAKENING D / c イ Mike Ⅳ e ″ beautifulpictures. Chris 召ヴ 4 厩 4 〃イ C ″肥 E 0 〃 t the tomb site a professor and his as- The new Mamia ZE has an "electronic brain" programmed t0 sistant (Charlton Heston and Susan- take simply beautiful pictures. nah York) are prinng open the evil prin- And it's a camera that's superbly simple t0 use. There's a quartz- cess's mummy case. Back in camp his wife timed shutter release , stepless electronic LED shutter speeds, (Ji11 Townsend) goes int0 labor—two months early. A mysteriously diffcult warning system LEDs for over-/under-exposure, and a full range birth ensues. NO one needs a translation Of accessories— from autowmder tO autoflash. Plus revolutionary of the hieroglyphics ⅲ the burial place t0 Mamiya-Sekor lenses that come with electromc couplings for data know what is happemng—the soul 0f the input tO the camera, and the same superb optics that have made royal personage is reversing the usual 」 ourney, moving from tomb tO womb. the Mamiya name SO famous. When the professor's daughter turns Don't think of the new Mamiya ZE a camera. Think 0f it a 18 , she answers a mystenous call Of the computer programmed t0 take b100d and flies to her father's side ⅲ Lon- don. There, estranged 仕 om the child's beautiful pictures. Mamiya MAMIYA CAMERA CO ” D. kyo , Japan Ma ya TIME Subscription Service Form ロ Moving? Check this box. Add your magazinelabel and name and address 円 ea attach magazine abel hererlist new 日 d 、 : below. Airmail to: TIME Magazine, dress beIOW, and tnail six 0 eight weeks before Central Post Office, BOX 88 , ツ ou mov 00 ⅳⅲ 0 duplicate 00 可 es Tokyo, Japan. of TIME, ptease send bottvlabe!s, Orif you have ロ Subscribing? Check this b0X. SO a question about your bscription, attach labeU check ロ new 0 「ロ renewal. Give h 0 and clip thi$ form ま 0 YO 町厄せ e 「 . name and address below. Mail coupon with payment according tO list below. QUARTZ CharIton Heston ⅲーわ e Ⅳョ e g 財ん加 g / 0 〃 g 立 0 〃れわわ mother—he was always dlggmg up stuff instead 0f tending t0 her wifely needs he has latched on tO Co-Finder YO ⅸ . Nev- er was there such an absent-minded ro - fessor, or one SO absently played. TO make a long story unbearable, mystenous un- pleasantnesses begln as as father and daughter are reunited, and most Of the peop 厄 whO get involved with her end up colorfully slain. Unfortunately, there is very little sus- pense between the death scenes, and far more exposition Of the obvious than any- one needs. Horror, as a genre, has lately become the province Of functionaries whO disregard such niceties as motivations, ex- planations and , for the most part , produc- tion values. lt seems significant that Th / ル 4 ん砌加 g 、 only credible performer is young Stephanie Zimbalist , wh0 throws herself zestfully int0 the part Of a girl mys- teriously possessed, but gamely fighting her lethal impulses. AII others 100k badly ⅲ need of alarm clocks. Audiences will share that need. - ー朝 0 ′ dS ( ⅸ可 TIME, DECEMBER 8 , 1980 st) LOCK ETTER , please irst) ame ddress Postcode Country Subscription rates and remitting addresses (Payment must accompany 0 「 de の stan through thetr bankers and send the same 10 Nattonal Bank Pak- BURMA ( 1 yr. US$ 40 ). c/oTrade Co 「 po 「 a れ on No ( 9 ). P O Box. 1387. 550 ・ 552 Merchant Street. Rangoon 旧 n. Local OfflCe. KarachI along Wlth thelr subscr•ptlon ordercards ) HONG KONG ( 1 y 「 . HK$ 182 ). 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Robots at Ford plant in Wixom, Mich ” measure openings fO 「 windshields, d00 「 5 ights. They work ten times as fast as humans conomy & Business The Robot RevoIution F g00 イ″ / , ″な記 ad. アな 4 〃 r 川加 g ル 4 アルル 0 ヤ bling a compressor valve unit from twelve he new robots dO not really 100k separate parts. lts tWO arms can dO tO- like Frankenstein's monster, or tally different jObs at once. When it picks like Artoo Deetoo in S ぉルの , up a slightly defective gasket in its gray but rather like a row of giant birds. steel claw, it immediately senses some- They poke their 9-ft. -long , rubber- thing wrong, flic ks the gasket tO one sheathed necks toward the row of auto- side and picks up another. The Pragma mobile frames. From their beaks, a blind- produces 320 units an hour, without mis- ing shower 0f sparks streams forth. The takes, and it can labor tirelessly for 24 escape Of compressed air creates a loud hours a day. That makes it roughly the hissing sound. This is Chrysler's sprawl- equivalent Of ten human workers. Fur- ing 145-acre Jefferson plant in East De- thermore , it can easily be reprogrammed troit , where the trouble-ridden firm is tO assemble TV sets or electric motors building the new K-cars—the Plymouth or, theoretically, 」 ust about anything. Reliant and Dodge Aries—that it hopes Near GoIden, C010. , at the Depart- will save its future. Once 200 welders with ment Of Energy's Rocky Flats plant, a their masks and welding guns used tO technician pushes a red button marked work on such an assembly line. Here there REQUEST TRANSFER. Behind a 10- in. - are れ 0 welders ⅲ sight; there are only 50 thick concrete wall, a pair Of claws reach- robots craning forward, spitting sparks. es out tO grasp a stainless steel con- They work two shifts , and the assembly tainer filled with pink powder, then lifts line's output has increased by almost 20 % it intO a furnace where it is baked at since the robots arrived earlier this year. 950 。 F until it turns into a nondescript ln a plant outside Turin , the ltalian gräy button three inches in diameter. firm Of DigitaI EIectronic Automation is Such a button could be worth $ 100 000 , trymg out its first new Pragma A- 3000. RObOt being tested at plutonium works The $ 1 10 , 000 robot, which has just been for the job of this robot, which goes into 'The カ〃 4 〃 ra 化な 0 〃 the わ′加ん . licensed by GeneraI Electric , is assem- regular operation in a few months, iS 50 TIME, DECEMBER 8 コ 980 D A V ー D F RA N K 凵 N COVER STORY

Economy & Business B 一 L L P 一 E R C E thinkingly refer tO a robot as ' 、 he," but at the worker's control and you freeze out one plant in Japan the clanking autom- his initiative. 、 Me Often overlook the im- ata have each been given the name Ofa fe- 、 3 pact Of robots on the jObs that remain. 1 れ ale movie Star. Today, if a worker assembling compo- The willingness of the robot to do the nents has a daily quota Of 100 units tO dirty work, like some mechanized Turk- fill, he can, for example, work flat out ish Ga 4 ′わど″の・ , has muted alarms about and assemble 60 in the first half of a shift, the loss of jobs and has kept the labor leaving only 40 for a relatively unpres- unions mostly at bay. Welding cars and sured second half. But when he is slotted spraying paint are stupefying j0bs, and, between centrally programmed robots besides, they are ideally done at temper- that dictate the pace, he becomes a mere atures hotter than a worker can stand. cog in the machine. These things matter. "ln the next five years," says Anthony Leaders in the robot industry claim Massaro, Westinghouse's c hief Of robotics that the maln resistance tO their inven- technology , we' re going to lose 25 000 tions comes not from union labor but from people in manufacturing due tO attrition, management. 、 are thrusting ourselves and there's no way tO replace them all. intO the manufacturing area, and it's a People joining the labor force these days very conservative place,' says Joseph En- don't want the dirty 」 Obs. gelberger, the ebullient president Of Uni- Robert Cannon, president of an elec- mation. TOP executives turn for advice tO trical workers 10Ca1 that represents many their technical managers, and these are 、 vestinghouse workers in New Jersey, ac- naturally cautious. 、 'Plant supervisors get cepts that reasoning. Frankly, I welcome worried because they don't understand ro- it, ” he says. 'lf we can bring ln a robot bots," says NeaIe CIapp, a robotics ex- Unimation's Engelberger at Danbury plant here tO dO, say, the painting that a man pert for t he management consultant firm does for $ 7 , then we can move him tO an- rumblings. Says Russ C00k, U. A. W. dis- of BIock Petrella Associates in Plainfield Other jOb at $ 7.50 an hour. We say, Train trict committeeman at G 、 4 「 s Buick plant N. J. "They feel their authority is under- our people for the skilled jobs that are in in Flint: 。、 If we don't get smarter and start mined. ' G. E. , for one, commissioned a today's market. combatting the machines, we will be psychologist tO study the effect Of the in- cannibalizing ourselves and competing troduc tion Of robots on workers , and it or the present, that is what is hap- against one another for j0bs. '' Adds Lar- found the greatest anxiety among fore- pening, and it can continue as long ry Jones, a Chrysl& metal-shop worker: men. Says James Clark, operations man- as corporations dO not make the They say they are only going tO put ro- ager Of the Westinghouse Elevator CO. ・ shift tO robots faster than the nat- bOts on boring jObs. But in an autO plant, 'The fear is: What do I know about this? ural rate Of worker attrition, which now all thejobs are boringjobs. What will I be supervising? Will I be runs as high as 15 % in the metalworking Aside from the specific problem OfIOSt killed if it doesn't work?' ” plants that are ripe for robotization. (One j Obs , Shaiken warns Of more intangible To all this, the robot backers offer two reason why Japan has been able tO shift difflculties. "The use of robots has social answers. One uses the hard language Of SO extensively tO robots is that Japanese costs that are not being addressed by any- survival. 、、 lfwe don't go tO robots," says an corporations have a tradition ofcaring for one in the U. S. tOday, ” he says. By de- expert at Carnegie-MeIIon, 、、 we'll 」 ust their employees for life. ) But as the ro- signing a production process that mini- continue tO lose tO Japan and West Ger- bOts ta ke over more and more 」 obs—and mizes human participation, you freeze out many. Our economy 、 grow, and they can dO the more pleas- there won't be any new jObs. D E N N ー S B R A C K—日 L A C K S T A R ant and interesting tasks as New 」 Obs have always come well as the dull and dirty ones from new technology. ” The —the umons ' acqulescence Other answer iS a gentler may change. The U. S. unem- prophecy Of benefits tO come. ployment rate is already 、 lt's my fervent belief, ” says 7.6 % , after all, and retraining Engelberger, 、 that any in- programs have SO far had lit- crease ln productivity is al- tle effect on it. ways good. The problem is t0 "UItimately,' predicts decide what to do with the Harley Shaiken, a former De- blessings. DO we want tO have troit assembly-line machinist a shorter work week ? That ' S WhO now works as an indus- one ofthe possibilities. WouId trial consultant at M. I. T. we like clean air and water? 、 retraining will not be pos- Three percent of the G. N. P. sible , because there will be no will give us a clean environ- j Obs for workers tO be re- ment. The point is tO separate trained for. ” That is probably out the problems, not just say, an exaggeration, but Charles 、 Gee whiz, people are going to COOk, president Of the Unit- lose their 」 Obs. ' SO far, in any ed Auto Workers Local 7 , case, we ve created a hell of a which represents K-car 10t more 」 Obs than we've dis- workers at Chrysler's Jeffer- placed. '' Adds Edward Fred- son plant , is equally suspi- kin , professor Of computer C 10us. Says he: 。 workers science at M. I. T. : ' Ⅵ℃ are are not worried now a bout ro- creating what is going tO be bOts taking their jObs , but an lmmense new ind ustry , once the company gets more perhaps as big as the autO ofthose goddam things work- industry. James AIbus tests a 「 ObOt at the NationaI Bureau of Standards bo to lng, we ' Ⅱ have problems. NOt everyone, Of course, 'The ro わ 0 なⅵ〃カ〃″ za 〃わ e / 〃ね勧 00 どか 0 ル〃んづ / . Already there are a few IS SO euphoric a bout the com- TIME, DECEMBER 8 コ 980 ま 56

ln a noisy inferno at Westinghouse's tO become more productive by being mometer plant at 98.6 Faichney Drive in lamp factory in Bloomfield, N. J. , a Uni- smarter, not by working harder. Watertown, N. Y. , a Unimation Mark Ⅱ This sense Of the robot as a helper mate 2015G robot performs a process is ⅲ charge Of the delicate task Of remov- rather than a menace iS Wid espread called "swagmg. ” This is somewhat like ing any air bubbles that may remain in among factory hands. Though robots are making spaghetti, but it is done with 21- the mercury inside a thermometer. ES- tablished ⅲ an isolated room, because Of highly vulnerable t0 sabotage , there has ⅲ . rods Of yellow tungsten , destined tO be- been no trace of the Luddite violence that come light-bulb filaments. The robot lifts the increased awareness Of the dangers threatened the first labor-saving ma- Of mercury poisoning, the robot takes a them 0 代 a conveyor belt and sticks them chines of the lndustrial Revolution. On int0 a blazing furnace ( 3 , 200 。 F) , then into boxful Of thermometers and lowers it intO the contrary , working with a robot seems a swagmg machine that stretches the rods a tank 0f h0t water ( 100 。 F t0 145 。 F), to confer status. And , while the mac hine until they have grown tO 37 ⅲ . ⅲ length then int0 a tank 0f cold water ( 40 。 F) , usually 100kS less like a man than like a and shrunk tO exactly .467 in. ⅲ diam- then intO a centrifuge that squeezes out lobster, itS human partners Often seem un- even the tiniest bubbles. Working with eter. Three workers, each Of whom cost tWO dozen different boxes, it performs its able tO resist g1Ving it a name and even the company $ 20 000 per year, used t0 lavishing on it a certain metallic affec- dO this very unpleasant labor with ⅲ - ritual three times on each box ⅲ the tion. When one machine known as "CIyde creasingly uneven results during their course Of a 394-step program that takes 7 % min. A simple routine , but it used tO the Claw ” broke down at a Ford stamp- eight-hour shifts. The robot does it flaw- ing plant in Chicago, its human partners lessly for 16 t0 24 hours a day. lt will pay occupy 13 employees, and now only one for itselfin 2 % years. gave it a get-well party. Chauvinism be- is necessary. Says Plant Manager M. ing what it is, most fac tory workers un- James Dawes: “ I tell our people we've got At the Chesebrough-Pond 's ther- ofclay a giant robot known as a go 厄 m. This figure, which came tO life when a tablet with a divine name, 訪ビ , was placed ⅲ its Some 「 0b0 ・聞 fo 聞 a mouth, was supposed tO protect the Jews from persecution, but れ d ・ cy tO chase girls, as ⅲ this some accounts claim that its masters tried tO use it for unwor- 、 sce 0 、 from a Universal film of ゝ 1S413 M 登 benign automata, thy purposes, and Others report that it turned upon its creators. TO almost all these versions Of the legend 0f the artificial 、 00 飛 e 「 clockw 0 \ from left: man there clung the aura Of evil. TO create a living being was Swiss robot of ーは 930 model GOd 's role ; tO imitate GOd was blasphemous, even diabolic, from 1932 し 0 don exhibit; 5 ね「 and thus doomed tO disaster. Hence Frankenstein. \ Ⅳ砿 $ good guy A 杙 00 00et00. The term robot comes 仕 om the Czech word for forced labor and was invented by Karel Capek and popularized ⅲ his "fantastic melodrama ” of 1921 , 犬 . し犬 . , which stood for Rossum's Universal Robots. These robots 100k and behave like people and work twice as hard, but since "G0d hasn't the least notion ofmodern englneermg, ” as Rossum's general man- ager puts it, the robots have been built without such imprac- tical attributes as feeling or a soul. First they d0 all the world 's work, then they wage all the world 's wars, then they rebel and destroy their makers. "You are not as strong as the ro- bOts, you are not as skillful as the robots," says the leader Of the rebellion. "I want tO be master. ' Just as there is a romantic tradition that robots are ln- herently diabolic creatures that will rebel against human con- trol, there is an equally romantic tradition that machines are inherently benign, symbols 0f progress and perfectability. lsaac Asimov epitomized that view ⅲ a famous story titled 犬 0 わわ ⅲ which a much mistrusted robot baby sitter Of that name res- cues its ward from a speeding tractor. Asimov then went 0 Ⅱ to formulate, ⅲ犬〃〃 aro 〃〃イ ( 1942 ) , what he decreed t0 be, ⅲ the world of science fiction at least, the Three Laws Of RO- botics: “ 1 ) A robot may not injure a human being, 2 ) A robot must Obey the orders glven it by a human bemg except where such orders would conflict with the First Law, 3 ) A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. An admirable theory, but the whole tradition 0f the de- monlc robot assumes that when a metal creature feels im- mortal longmgs, no mere law can rein him in. Arthur C. Clarke 0 demonstrated that ⅲ 20 似 . The computer HAL れ 0t only OP- erates the space ship and talks in a supercilious tenor but is SO exalted by its own superiority ()l am incapable Of making an error ” ) that it starts killing the astronauts wh0 interfere with its plans. ln a 1976 MGM effort titled De 川 0 〃 S イ , a pre- sumptuous robot goes even further and fulfills the sinful am- bition Of making Julie Christie pregnant. But then came & の・ Ⅲ 4 ⅲ which the cutely diminutive Art00 Deet00 and See Threepio help tO rescue the imprisoned Princess Leia. Thus HoIIywood found ways t0 reduce Frankenstein's heirs t0 fig- ures Of camp, reproducible ⅲ plastic. lnside their wired metal brains, the robots nourish greater ambitions than that. 0 55 TIME, DECEMBER 8 , 1980

United States Reagan mainly listened. Occasional- Choosing fo 「 the Chairman ly, he would wonder why a name had been left out and ask that it be put back on the list. Or he would add names himself. Af- 0 / d / ホ 4 〃イ 0 ル 4 んゆ加 g 犬 ga 〃たけ力な Ca わ加 terward he remarked, “ We have a wealth oftalent out there. We're just narrowing it t a meetlng tO discuss Cabinet appoint- Diners' CIub founder; Joseph Coors, the down. ments, one Of RonaId Reagan's trust- C010rad0 brewer; W. Glenn CampbeII, di- The winnowrng continued two days ed friends turned to him and said how rector Of Stanford's conservative Hoover later at Reagan's house overlooking the worried he was about the complexity of lnstitution; Holmes Tuttle, one Of the big- ocean at Pacific Palisades. When there the task confronting them. A relaxed Rea- gest Ford dealers ⅲ CaIifornia and long a was disagreement, the President-elect gan replied, 。Ⅵ℃ were scared 14 years close associate Of the President-elect; would glance at Laxalt with his eyebrow ago, but it turned out all right. " Anne Armstrong, Gerald Ford's Ambas- raised , and the Senator would express his lndeed , Reagan's choices for the Cab- sador to the Court of St. James's; Justin opinion. Yet this time Reagan dominated inet, which will probably announced Dart of Dart & Kraft, lnc. , a multination- the session. He confidently guided the next week, were belng made by resortlng al fOOd and housewares corporation; Ne- evaluations and made the decisions. tO much the same system and many Of vada's Senator Paul Laxalt, Reagan's key The group thoroughly discussed possi- the same peop 厄 he had relied on tO pick man ⅲ Washington; and Edwin Meese, ble jobs for George ShuItz, Richard Nix- his top assistants when he was elected Reagan's closest assistant , whO will coor- on's Secretary Ofthe Treasury, and Caspar Governor ofCaIifornia ⅲ 1966. Says 、 MiI- dinate the shaping Of domestic and for- Weinberger, Nixon's Secretary of HEW. liam French Smith, Reagan's personal at- eign policy ⅲ the new White House. But a problem arose. Both are top offcers of the BechteI Corp. , which among other foreign investments has a $ 9 billion devel- opment pro. 」 ect ⅲ Saudi Arabia. Even one Cabinet omcial with such strong Arab connections would be controversial enough. SO the Reagan advisers agreed that only one—probably Weinberger —could be tapped for the Cabinet. At week's end Reagan said he understood that ShuItz did not want a post. WO possibilities for Treasury Secretary were discussed at length : William Simon, wh0 held the same post under Ford, and AIan Greenspan, Ford 's chair- man of the Council of Economic Advis- ers. The New R1ght supports Simon, whose b00k / 川ル T 翔 is consid- ered t0 be free-market gospel. Moderates back Greenspan. Last week Ford phoned Reagan tO warn him against Simon' s pe- riOdiC outspokenness and abrasiveness. Simon, whose first choice was Secre- tary Of State, said he would take Treasury The President-elect and aides meet to consider appointments to Cabinet and other top jobs only if he could have enhanced control over the Administration's economic poli- The イな c 〃ね〃ル as ″ん e 平〃 0 ア e た / 〃〃勧 co れ肥 4 ″ 0 〃加 2 滝・Ⅷ c んわ . cy. Reagan's group was apparently un- torney and head Of the team that is con- Each participant at the sessions was willing t0 go along, and Simon finally t01d sidering the appointments: "Being ⅲ - Reagan tO take him out Of consideration. glven a top-secret notebook contalmng volved ⅲ the 1966 appointment task force summaries Of résumés gathered over the From all accounts, the Cabinet choic- is a big asset tO us this time. past six months by Pendleton James, a es will not be made tO appease the nation's The process by which Reagan is LOS Angeles executive talent hunter and varlous interest groups. Says Meese : "Rea- choosing his Cabinet is revealing 0f the personnel director for the Reagan tran- gan is looking at people's qualifications. If man and his methods. He has entrusted sition team. James had gathered about there is a Democrat ⅲ the Cabinet , it will the talent hunt to 01d friends with whom 70 candidates for Cabinet posts , listing by accident, not by design. If the most he feels comfortable and has given them their strengths and weaknesses. Explains qualified person turns out tO be a woman, a great deal 0f leeway. ln Reagan's eyes, Smith: "James' finished product was our she will ⅲ the Cabinet. ” Right-wing Smith is the ideal man to head such a com- raw material. ' conservatives are afraid many Of Reagan's mittee. A successful LOS Angeles lawyer The first meeting was held ⅲ Smith's choices may be t00 moderate. Shrugs —he could become Attorney GeneraI 47th-floor omces ⅲ downtown Los An- Smith: "I wouldn't be surprised if some of —Smith is respected by his peers for his geles. ln general, the group looked for the the people whO supported Reagan will be intelligence and integrity, and for his abil- same qualities that might be found ⅲ the unhappy with our choices. ity tO stand up tO Reagan, when need be. chief executive omcer Of a m or corpo- ln the end, the only man tO please is . A man WhO has served on dozens Of cor- ration: proven competence, team 、 vork, RonaId Reagan. He is considering a plan porate, educational and cultural boards, expenence and toughness. Since the par- suggested by Senate Majority Leader Smith is such an Establishment figure ⅲ ticipants had been dealing with 0 れ e an- Howard Baker that would allow the hear- California that Franklin Murphy, former Other for SO many years, there were 第 0 lngs on his nommees tO be held ⅲ the tWO chancellor Of U. C. L. A. and now chalrman personality clashes. Said one member Of weeks prior tO the lnauguration. The con- of the Times Mirror Corp. , jokes, "He has the panel: "lt was like an after-lunch con- firmations presumably could be whipped a subconscious desire tO tithe. versation at a private club. Everyone pret- through ⅲ a day or two, and Reagan and 、 Morking under Smith is a 部 0u0 0f 18 ty much respected what the Other guy was his team would able to launch their that includes Alfred Bloomingdale, the Administration together. trymg tO say. 28 TIME, DECEMBER 8 , 1980 、ミー 0 ま