OSF/Motif のすべて - べきである、といっています。 Yes No Yes No HeIp Yes No Cance1 Yes No Cance1 HeIp #define OR ー D リストーサンプルプログラム ( main. c ) また、もう 1 つの問題は、カスタム・ダイアログを作るた ます。 グを流用するか、カスタム・ダイアログを作る必要があり てしまうという問題があります。セレクション・ダイアロ Cancel( 取消し ) のつもりが、、 NO 〃が選択されたことになっ ー ( または Esc キー ) によってアクティベートした場合に 動作を記述すればいいのですが、キーポードの CanceI キ ールバックが呼はれます。 CanceI コールバックに No の ら 2 番目のボタンは、ラベルを、、 No クにしても CanceI コ は、つねに左から 2 番目に作られてしまいますから、左か イアログを作るしかないようです。また、 Cancel ボタン は実現できません。 4 っボタンを作るには、カスタム・ダ を作りませんから、いちばん下の、、 Yes No CancelHeIp ′ しかし、クエスチョン・ダイアログは、 3 つしかボタン めのコンピニエンス関数が、前ページの表 3 に示したもの しか用意されていないことです。表 3 の関数では、たんに DialogSheII の上に BulletinBoard Widget や Form Widget を作るだけですので、 OK や CanceI や HeIp な どのボタンの細かい設定 ( キーバインドや、リサイズされた ときの動作 ) を定型ダイアログと完全に同しにすることは とても難しいと思われます。カスタム・ダイアログ Widget を定義したほうが楽でしよう。 ごあいさつ 足掛け 3 年にわたってご愛読いただいたこの連載ですが、 今回をもちましてひとます終了させていただきます。この 間、さまざまな事情で連載がとびとびになってしまったこ とをあらためてお詫びいたします。 もしどこかで ( 狭い業界ですから ) 私を見かけるような ことがありましたら、気軽に声を掛けてください。それで ーき一げーん一よー ( もちろん、、かしまし娘〃 は皆さん、 ( くばやま・まさふみソニ 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 . C #include く Xm/SeIecti0B. h> #include く Xm/MessageB. Ⅱ> #include く Xm/PushBG. h> #include く Xm / RO 、℃ 01 リ mn. h > #include く Xm/Xm. h> #include く 10C 矼 e. h > #include く stdio. h> #include く Xm/FiIeSB. h> #define PROMPT-D #define FILESEI. ECTION-D #define SEI. EffION-D #define MESSAGE—D #define WORKING_D #define QUESTION-D #define INFORMATION_D #define WAR.NING_D #define APP CLASS " F00 " VOid XtWorkProcId vorkp—id; Widget app-shell; XtAppContext app-con; 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 okCB(), client—data, call—data) caddr—t client_data; Widget App1icationContext App1icationShe11 Work Procedure ID vidget id data from applicaiton UNIX MAGAZINE 1991.12 53

N E W W 0 R L D / C A N C E R SLAM THE SCREENING 000R Study finds one-third of women with breast cancer are being treated needlessly ONE IN THREE women with breast cancer detected by a mammogram is treated unneces- sarily, because screening tests found slow-grow- ing tumors that are essentially harmless. That's according t0 a Danish study, published in 由川 4 な Q わなげ〃 4 / 化市れら that has renewed debate over the value of early dete ction. The study raises the uncomfortable POSSI- bility that some women whO believe their lives were saved by mammograms were actually harmed by surgery, radiation and even chemo- therapy they didn't need, says Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical offlcer Of the American Cancer Society. He wrote an accompanylng editorial but was not involved in the study. Researchers increasingly recognize that not all breast cancers pose the same risk, even if they 100k the same under a nucroscope, Brawley says. While some early tumors turn into deadly mon- sters, Others stop growing or even shrink. But assuming that all small breast lesions have the potential t0 turn deadly is akin t0 racial profil- ing, Brawley wrote in his editorial. By treating all the cancers that we see, we are clearly savmg some lives,' Brawley says in an intervlew. But we re alSO curmg some 、 V01 れ en whO don't need tO be cured. ” Although experts such as Brawley have long discussed the risks posed by overdiagnosis, he said relatively few women whO undergo can- cer screenmgs are aware Of the debate. The American C011ege 0f Radi010gy, which strongly supports breast cancer screemngs, acknowl- edges that れ 1 れ ograr れ S lead some women tO be treated unnecessarily but says the prob- lem is less common than the new study sug- gests. Another study from Denmark—where the national health program keeps detailed records—estimated the overdiagnosis rates at only 2.3 percent. Brawley says that most esti- mates Of overdiagnosis put the rate between 15 percent and 25 percent ofbreast cancers. "The amount of overdiagnosis really is small," says Dr. Debra Monticciolo, chair ofthe American COllege 0f Radiology's Comnuss1011 on Breast lmaging ・ Articles like this aren t very helpful," she added, because they leave women confused about whether tO be screened. But treating women for cancer unnecessarily can endanger their health, says Fran ViSC0, pres- ident Of the National Bre ast C ancer Coalition, an advocacy group. Radiation c an damage the heart or even cause new cancers. ViSCO notes that breast cancer aCtlViSt Carolina Hine strosa, a VICe pre SI- dent at the coalition, died at age 50 仕 om soft-tis- sue sarcoma, a tumor caused by radiation used tO treat an early breast cancer. Women should understand these risks, ViSCO says. lnstead, women Often hear only about mammograms benefits. "Women have been inundated with the early-detectlon message for decades. The risks ofoverdiagnosis and false positives, which can lead women with benign growths to undergo biopsies and 0ther follow-up tests, have caused some experts tO re-evaluate breast can- cer screenings. Although mammograms don't BY LIZ SZABO @LizSzabo Ka なげ H どⅣ硼 NEWSWEEK 52 01 / 27 / 2017

みあ″ ograp 231 Kavetsky, E. ; Turkevich, N. M. ; Akimova, 袞 . H. ; Khayetsky, I. K. ; and Matveichuf, Y. D. lnduced carcinogenesis under var- ious influences 0 Ⅱ 0 hypothalamus. ス死な可 the New York / ca イを川ッ可 Sciences, 1969 , 1 , 517 ー 19. Kidd, 工 G. Does 0 五 0 react against his own cancet cells? Ca c 設に 2 尾ん , 1961 , 21 , 1170. Kissen, D. M. Lung Ⅱ cer , inhalation and personality. 血 D. M. Kissen and し LeShan ( 団 3. ) , P 0 川口加 aspects 可れ e が c 市 Philadelphia: 工 B. Lippincott, 1963 , 3 ー 11. Personality characteristics 血 males conducive to lung cancer. お $ ん ~ 可 MedicaI ~ 0 g ア , 1963 , 36 , 27. . Relationship between lung cancer, cigarette smoking, 血 - halation and personality and p Ch010 c factors 遍 lung cancers. B ル 4 可外化市 c ~ olo , 1964 , 37 , 203 ー 16. The significance of personality lung cancer 遍 men. / な可 New Yo ′ / 川ア可 c , 1966 , 12j , 93375. . factors, peronality, and lung cancer ⅲ men aged 55 ー 64. B なん加 4 可 M ど市 c ~ c ん olo , 1967 , 40 , Kissen, D. M. ; Brown, . I. F. ; and Kissen, M. A. A f 山 er report on personality and psychological factors 遍 lung cancer. スル な可Ⅳル York Academy 可れ c 1969 , 164 , 53575. Kissen, D. M. , and Eysenck, H. G. PersonaIity ⅲ male lung cancer patients. J04 可 ~ 0 2 R 尾ん , 1962 , 6 , 123. Kissen, D. M. , and Rao, L. G. S. Steroid excretion pattems and personality ⅲ lung cancer. / な可 the ⅣⅣ YO Åcad- ど川ア可れ 1969 , 164 , 47482. 0 ⅲ , E. transplantation antigens. / na な可 the New York / イア可 & れ c , 1969 , 164 , 344 ー 51. KIein, G. lmmunological surveillance against *. The 2 ”を c , 1973 ー 74 , Series 69. KIopfer, B. Psychological variables ⅲⅡ m cancer. ル肝 ~ 可 可 ec T c んれ 1957 , 21 , 33170. KostrubaIa, T. Prescription for stress: Running. ~ c c ~ c み 0 ト 0 / 0 ′ ~ c , 1975 , 2 ( 1 の , 50 ー 53. KowaI, S. 工 Emo 0 as a cause of cancer: Eighteenth and nine- teenth century contributions. ~ c ん 02 Review' 1955 , 42 , 217 ー 27. Krc, I. ; Kov ov M. ; ねⅲ 00k , M. ; and Hyzak, A. The effects 0f physical exercise on 山 0 absolute b100d basophil leukocyte count. ス c U れル . ~ な耘 c 黼 0Z0 uc Fac Med. , 1973 , 66 , 253 ー 58.

should incre ase while the number 0f large cancers is reduced by about the same amount. Although mammograms ⅲ Denmark detected 2 10t the we remostly— small, early-stage tumors, says study coauthor Dr. Karsten Jorgensen, a researcher at the Nordic Cochrane Center ⅲ Copenhagen, Denmark. The number ofadvanced cancers did not fall. The debate about overdiagnosis illustrates the limits of medical technology, Brawley says. Although researchers can estimate the statisti- cal rate ofoverdiagnosis, doctors treating actual patients can't tell which breast tumors need "WE'RE ℃ URING' SOME WOMEN WHO DON'T NEED TO BE CURED. ” treatment and which might be safely ignored. SO doctors tend tO err on the side ofcaution and treat all breast cancers with surgery and often with radiation and chemotherapy. An estimated 253 , 000 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in U. S. women this year, with nearly 41 , 000 deaths, according tO the American Cancer Society. An additional 63 , 000 women will be diagnosed With ductal carcmoma in situ, alSO known as DCIS, which has some, but not all, of the typical 十 traits 0f cancer. Although DCIS cells can change STOPANDTHINK: tO appear malignant under the microscope, they Assuming that find all tumors, they reduce the risk of dymg haven t invaded surrounding tissue. all small breast lesions have the from breast cancer by 25 percent to 31 percent for The American Cancer Society defines DCIS potentialto turn women ages 40 t0 69 , according t0 the Agency as the earliest stage Of breast cancer, and deadly is akin tO 'racial profiling, for Healthcare Research and Quality, part ofthe women with the condition typically undergo one expert says. し S. Department ofHealth and Human Services. the same treatment given tO women with early Medical groups now offer differing advice lnvaslve cancers. DCIS isn't life-threatening, on mammograms. The American C011ege Of but doctors recommend treating it to prevent it Radiology takes the most aggressive stance, rec- frOI れ becoming lnvaslve. ommending annual mammograms beginmng at Other experts note that DCIS carries such a age 40. Tumors should be found when they're low risk that it should be considered merely a smaller and easier tO treat,' Monticciolo says. riSk factor for cancer. Researchers are conduct- The American Cancer Society scaled back its ing studies tO measure whether it's safe tO scale screening advice in 201 recommending women back treatment ofDCIS. But it's unclearwhether get annual mammograms 仕 om 45 t0 54 , followed women Will get clear answers on screemng and by screemngs every 0 er year a er at. any t11 れ e lll e near utureÄfifthemean- ln the new study, Danish researchers estimated time, they and their doctors must make difflcult the rate Of overdiagnosis by companng the num- choices without knowing for sure whether it's —ber -of early-stage ・ *. breasuumor before and after the country started offering This story was written for Kaiser Health News, mammograms. If screenings work as intended, an editorially independent program ofthe Henry the number Of small, curable breast tumors 」 . Kaiser Family Foundation. NEWSWEEK 53 01 / 27 / 2017

引 00d - cancer cells T cells—which can seek and destroy cancer cells—are extracted from a patient's bIOOd ② 0 T cell antigen chimeric produce modified to genetically are the T cells ②旧 the lab, DNA ー cell T ce[ls 3 The CAR T cells are grown in ね e numbers in the lab and are infused back intO the patient ceptO (CARs) that make them better cancer fighte rs receptor antigen Chimeric modified to destroy her leukemia. "You take someone whO essentially has no possibility for a cure—almost every single one Of these patients dies—and with [this] therapy, 90 % go into remission,' says Dr. David Porter, director of blood and bone-marrow transplantation at the University of PennsyIvania. Such radical immune-based approaches were launched in 2011 with the success Of intravenous drugs that loosen the brakes on the immune SYStem SO it can see cancer cell s and de stroy them with the s ame vigor with which they attack bacteria and viruses. Now, with the genetically engineered immune cells known as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that were used ⅲ Kaitlyn's study, doctors are crippling cancer in more precise and targeted ways than surgery, chemotherapy and radiation ever could. While the first cancer immunotherapies were broadly aimed at any cancer, experts are now repurposing the immune system intO a personalized precision treatment that can not only recognize but also eliminate the cancer cells unique tO e ach individual patient. What makes immune-based therapies like CAR T cell therapy so promising— and SO powerful—is that they are a living drug churned out by the p atients themselves. The treatment isn't a pill or a liquid that has to be taken regularly, but a one-hit wonder that, when given a single time, trains the bOdy tO keep on treating, ideally for a lifetime. "This therapy is utterly transformative for this kind of leukemia and also lym- phoma; ” says Stephan Grupp, director 0f the cancer immunotherapy program at CHOP and one of the lead doctors treat- ing patients in the study in which Kaitlyn participated. Eager to bring this groundbreaking option tO more patients , including those With Other types Of cancers, an advisory panel for the F00d and Drug Administra- tion voted unanimously in July to move the ther 叩 y beyond the testing phase, during which several hundred people Often does, and it iS expected tO announce obligated to follow the panel's advice, it ments have failed. While the FDA isn't with certain leukemias if all other treat- become a standard ther 叩 y for children have been able to take advantage ofit, to 31 Trial after trial failed as reinfusions of cancer and battled skin cancer himself. cancer, having lost his first wife tO ovarian familiar with the devastating effects Of ofthe U. S. NavaI Academy, June is all too wh0 pioneered the therapy. A graduate Abramson Cancer Center and the scientist at the University Of Pennsylvania's 0f the Center for CeIIuIar lmmunotherapy the research,: ” says Dr. CarlJune, director "Only a handful ofpeople were doing its own cells. and the immune system is loath tO target cells that mutate and grow out ofcontrol, the body, cancer cells start out as healthy and viruses that are distinctly foreign tO ing. Unlike infection-causing bacteria the practical reality had proved daunt- cancer has been around for a long time, ofusing the body's immune cells against ever, almost didn't h 叩 pen. WhiIe the idea THIS REVOLUTIONARY THERAPY, hOW- in the U. S. , as well as untold suffering. currently spent each year on cancer care cant drop ⅲ the more than $ 120 billion treating them, would result in a signifi- patients. Curing cancers, rather than may even lead tO a cure for some ofthese tO e ntertain the ide a that this living drug are even cautiously allowing themselves benefit from this novel approach. They hundreds of trials to see if they, too, will diagnosed ⅲ Senator JOhn McCain—in sarcoma and brain, including the kind breast, prostate, pancreatic, ovarian, ing tO enroll people with Other cancers— Across the country, doctors are rac- itS decision in a matter ofweeks.

The S ′ル′ the C 側ゞ可 C 礪 0 29 duces 0ther cells with 山 0 same 血な ect genetic makeup, then a tumor begins tO f0 血 0f a mass 0f 止 ese imperfect . 0 皿 a Ⅱ y , 山 0 body's defenses, the immune systern' would て e 止 e cells and d な OY them. At a m ⅲ , they would be w 記 0 they d not spread. 血止 0 case 0f malignant cel sumcient cellular changes take place that they reproduce て叩 i 田 y and begin の intrude on adjoining tissue. ereas 止 0 is a form Of "communica- 0 Ⅱ” between nonnal cells that eve Ⅱ them 丘 om 0V0 な producing, the mali9,ant cells 0 suffciently disorganized that they 0 0t rßpond tO the communication 0f the cells around them, and they begin の reproduce rec essly. The body normally destroys them. But it does not, the mass 0f ね cells, the tumor, may begin t0 b100k proper functioning Of b0dy organs, either by expanding t0 the point that it puß s 世 e on 0 山 organs or by replaci-ng enough healthy ⅲ organ with malignant cells that the or- 取 0 longer able の function. ln severe forms 0f cancen mal.Wnt break loose from the 0 ⅱ n mass and are transported 0ther parts Of the b0dy, where they begin の reproduce and f0 血 new 加 mo . This breaking 0 竄 and spreading Ⅱ記 '%netastasis ・” W △賀 CAUSES CANCERT Our patients have generally heard just enough about ぐ a れ - cer research 協 believe that me 1 science is closing ⅲ on its . tend 18k for the culprit ⅲ extemal factors. By now everyone “ ows ” that cancer is 記 by carcino- genic substanc% or by genetic predisposition, or by radiation' or perhaps by 血 reality, not one 0f these elements alone is a sumcient explanation for wh0 g03 cancer and whO doesn't. Let's 100k at separately ・ C 0 ① ge ⅲ 0 Substances There Ⅱ 0 that there are harmful substances' including analine dyes, asbestos, coal tars, and 0ther chemicals that apparently are able t0 affect the genetic information in 00 Ⅱ s and 止 produce cancer. Research using laboratory ani- mals has demonstrated that when they are e os t0 large amounts Of 止 e harm. ful substances over a period 0f timg 山 0 substances have become known "carcinogens' ” or cancer- producing agents.

lntroduction 5 weeks of volunteering, I was already researching graduate school programs. I attended the University 0f California at Berkeley for my master's degree in oncology SOCiaI 、 vork, with a specialized focus in counseling cancer patlents. ・み hile attending graduate sch001, my interest in complementary medicine deepened, leading me to read many books on the subject and complete an intenslve yoga teacher's training course. I spent my days counseling cancer patients and my evenings studying and practicing yoga. At that time' my husband was earning his degree in Traditional Chinese Medicine (acupuncture, herbs, etc. ) and also studying an esoteric form of energy healing, so I was surrounded by examples Of complementary medicine. lt 、 Mas during this time that I read Andrew Weil's book, which changed the course of my life by introducing me tO 、 vhat Weil calls "spontaneous healing" and con- vincing me to continue toward my Ph. D. , so I could study this fas- cinating topic in depth. From that point on, I have devoted my life tO discovering what people dO tO overcome cancer against all OddS. WHAT RADICAL REMISSION? ln order to understand what Radical Remission is, it is helpful first tO think about 、 Mhat iS considered "standard ” or non-radical ” re- m1SSion.. A. dOCtor expects cancer tO go intO remlSSion if it iS caught early enough and iS one Of tOday'S 1 れ ore treatable" cancers. For example, if a 、 MOman iS diagnosed with stage 1 breast cancer, She will be expected—statistically speaking—to be cancer-free for at least five years, as long as She completes the recommended medical treatment Of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation. ト{0 、 Mever, if that same 、 V01 れ an iS diagnosed with stage 1 pancreatic cancer, there is only a 14 percent chance that she will be alive in five years, even if she completes all the recommended medical treatment. 1 This is

304 N 0 T E S ( H A P T E R 5 : R E [ E A 引 N G 5 U P P R を 5 5 E D E M 0 料 0 N S 1. H. Ohgaki and P. KIeihues, "PopuIation-Based Studies on lncidence, Survival Rates, and GenetiC Alterations in Astrocytic and Oligoden- droglial Gliomas," / イⅣど 4 訪房。 4 〃イ砿 / 砌 / ル翩 / - 0 64 , no. 6 (June 2005 ) : 479 ー 89. 2. S. Cohen, D. TyrreII, and A. Smith, "Psychological Stress and Suscepti- bility to the Common Cold," Ⅳどル〃 g 〃イ〃翔房イ M 325 , no. 9 ( 1991 ) : 606 ー 12. 3. C. B. Pert, 財 0 んなイ。Ⅳり〃んイどー ) , 〃ど / (New York: Scribner, 1997 ). 4. M. Yu, "Somatic MitochondriaI DNA Mutations in Human Cancers, 爿市 C / / ヮ 57 ( 2012 ) : 99 ー 138 ; M. Yu, "Generation, Function and Diagnostic Value of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Alterations in Human Cancers," & お 89 , nos. 3 ー 4 (JuIy 18 , 2011 ) : 65 ー 71 ; A. Schulze and A. L. Harris, "How Cancer Metabolism ls Tuned for Proliferation and VuInerabIe [ 0 Disruption," ル 4 尾 491 , no. 7424 (November 15 , 2012 ) : 364 ー 73. 5. B. A. McGregor et al. , "Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management ln- creases Benefit Finding and lmmune Function Among women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer," 〃 4 / イリ訪の 0 4 ぉ尾ん 56 , no. 1 (January 2004 ) : 1 ー 8. 6. F. I. Fawzy et al. , "Malignant Melanoma: Effects of an Early Structured Psychiatric lntervention, Coping, and Affective State on Recurrence and Survival Six Years Later," 尾ん″ぉイ G 砌ど / ヮ c んヮ 50 , no. 9 (Sep- tember 1993 ) : 681 ー 89. 7. J. W.. Fielding et al. , "An lnterim Report a Prospective, Random- ized, Controlled Study ofAdjuvant Chemotherapy in Operable Gastric Cancer: British Stomach Cancer Group," Ⅳな〃翔 4 / 研 54 どヮ 7 , no. 3 (May 1983 ) : 390 ー 99. 8. S. C. Segerstrom et al., "Worry Affects the lmmune Response to Phobic Fear," 召氿お訪 4 明〃イ / 〃〃り 13 , no. 2 (June 1999 ) : 80 ー 92. ( H A P T E R 6 : ー N ( R E A 引 N G P 0 引刊 V E E M 0 料 0 N 5 1. V. N. Salimpoor al., "Anatomically Distinct Dopamine Release During Anticipation and Experience of peak Emotion to Music, ル 4 尾ル / 砌化 14 , no. 2 (February 2011 ) : 257 ー 62 ; J. Burgdorf

228 R A 田 C A L R E M 引〇 N tional magnetic resonance imaging), EEG (electroencephalography), and blood plasma spinners, researchers are now able to study the effects that spiritual connection practices have on the brain and the body—and the results so far have been very intriguing ・ For example, researchers have found that practicing meditation produces high levels ofmelatonin in the body. 2 Melatonin is a healthy and necessary hormone that helps us sleep. A good night's sleep is vital tO our health, because it is the only time 、 Mhen our lmmune sys- tems can spend hours repairing cells and cleaning outthe b0dy.3 ln- terestingly, melatonin has been found to be dangerously low in many cancer patients. 4 Therefore, this study could explain hOW a spiritual practice such as meditation might help the body fight cancer. ln another study, researchers found that meditating for just thirty mmutes a day for eight weeks decreases the density of your brain areas associated With anxlety and stress and increases your brain matter density in the areas associated with empathy and memory. 5 ThiS study is important for cancer patients because countless stud- ies have Shown that decreasing stress bOOStS 11 1 system. 6 SO, because meditation iS a proven stress reliever, lt is therefore alSO an booster. other studies have IOOked directly at meditation's effects on the 11 れ 1 れ une system. one such study ShO 、 that the 1 れ ore you medi- tate, the more V1rus antibodies you produce. 7 ThiS is an important finding for cancer patients because cancers are being linked tO viruses (). g. , HPV has been linked to cervical cancer). ln another study on the immune system, meditation was ShO 、 tO significantly lncrease telomerase aCt1Vity in lmmune system cells. 8 Telomerase IS commonly known as the antiaging enzyme because it allO 、 cells [ 0 live longer. So, in this study, meditation allowed people's immune system cells to live longer, which is a good thing when the body is tryi ng to fight cancer.

Exercise We began t0 think seriously about including exercise 0 treatment program after meeting Dr. Jack S ⅲ 1976 , prominent cardiologist whO s exercise as a major elemeni ⅲ treating heart patients. Scaffs ⅵ goro exercise pro was 0n0 that ten years ago thought would rather than help a heart patient. As we discussed the potentia) such a program might 五 01d for cancer patient$ we r 1 that a significant number Of our most successfully treated pa ・ tients had maintained a program 0f vigorous physical exercis€ after 止 diagnosis, and they had slim, builds. After makng 山 e preliminary observations, we began tc research 山 0 me 51 literature to seek out the re 0 止 al ⅵ goro exercise might have great advantages 遍 assisting 止 ( cove 0f 五 and patients. One 0f the first observa ・ tions we came upon was that the rates Of heart disease cancer have b0 山 paralleled the degree 0f industrialization 血お society. 0 incidences 0f heart disease and cancer have b0 仕 increased dramatically life has become more amuent ( lowing 山 0 population t0 overeat) , more sedentary (decreasinÉ the amount 0f physical exerdon)—and much more stressful We found that early 1911 , James Ewing, one 0f 山 ( early great names ⅲ cancer research, observed that cancel was much more likely t0 0C0 ⅲ the and ind0• lent" than in the ・・ poor and overworked. ” Ev•hng believed 止 ai a lack Of exercise in the higher socioeconomic classes was 188