hack hail-fellow 器を通して他の電算機のプログラムを消したり変えたりするこ 〔魚 ) =hagfish. 嶽紙g ・ fish 囹 ( 物→ fish ) 0 〔魚 ) メクラウナ と ). ~ ・ er 囹 0 〔電算 ) ルカー ( 1 カグラム作りに熱中 Hag. ( 略 ) [ 聖 ) Haggai ・ する人 . 2 割り込みする人 ). Hag ・ ga ・ da(h) /hagå:da/ 囹 1 ハガダー ( タルムード法 thack2 (hackney の略 ) 囹 0 1 はく使われた ) おい 典 (Talmud) 中のたとえ話 ). 2 0 ( ユダヤ人の ) 過ぎ越 ほれ馬 , やせ馬 . 2 乗用馬 ; ( 英 ) ( 楽しみのための ) 乗 しの祭り (Sedar, Passover) で用いる典礼書 [ 式文 ]. 馬 . 3 [ けなして ] あくせく働く人 ; 三文文士 , 文筆家の tHag-ga-i / h 9 ね i ト ge ね i / 囹〔聖』ハガイ ( 紀元前 下働き ; 金もうけ第一主義の人 ( 医者・弁護士など ) : a 6 世紀の小預言者 ) : ハガイ書巛略 ) Hag. ). political ~ 政治ゴロ . 4 ( 英 ) 貸し馬 ; ( 米 ) 貸 thag ・ gard / h 99 / 1 ( 心配・疲労などで ) 目のお し馬車 , ( 米略式 ) タクシー , タクシーの運転手 (cab ちくぼんだ , やつれた . 2 くタカが〉成長して捕えられた ; 馴鬥 (-driver)). 5 ( 米俗 ) ( 刑務所の ) 看守 ; 売春婦 . れていない , 野生の . ー囹 0 野生のタカ . ー [ 限定 ] 1 雇われた (hired), 金で働く ; 下働 hag ・ gis /hégis/ 囹囘 0 ( スコット ) ハギス ( 刻んだ羊 きの . 2 平凡な , 使い古した . の臓物を胃袋に入れて煮込んだ料理》 . 一⑩ 1 く馬〉を賃貸しする . 2 く言葉など〉を陳 thag ・ gle /hégl/ @ 〔値段などを〕値切る , 〔・・・のこと 腐にする ; ・・・をこき使う . ー⑧ 1 ( 普通の速さで ) 馬に で〕言い争う〔町 , 0b0 〕 ; 〔人と〕やりあう [ かけあう ] 乗って行く (alo れ g), ( 楽しみに ) 馬に乗る . 2 ( 略式 ) ー囹 0 値切ること , 論争 , 押し問答 . ( 文筆の ) 下働きをする ; あくせく働く . 3 ( 米略式 ) タク シーを運転する [ 流引 . hag-i ・ og ・ ra ・ PhY / h 9i69 6 / 囹囘 0 聖人伝 血 k ・ b も r 囹 ( 米 ) 0 〔植 ) 工ノキ属の木 ; 工ノキの ( 研究 ). -•pher 囹 ag - i ・ 01 ・ 0 ・ gy häd3i-/ 囹囘 0 聖 実 ( 食用 ) ; 囘工ノキ材 . hack-ie /héki/ 囹 0 ( 米俗 ) タクシーの運転手 . 人伝 , 偉人伝 ; 聖人列伝 ; 聖人 [ 偉人 ] 伝文学 [ 研究 ]. thack ・ le /h±kl/ 囹 0 1 [—s; 複数扱い ] ( 怒った時 hag ・ rid-den /hégridn/ 厖 ( 文 ) 悪夢に悩まされた , に逆立てる鳥・犬などの ) 首まわりの毛 , うなじ毛 (CÅ) → 妄想にとりつかれた . tHague /héig/ 囹 [The ~ ] ハーグ ( オランダの行政の中 chicken): with one's up 戦おうと身構えて , 怒 って . 2 ( 麻・亜麻などをすく金属性の ) すき櫛に ). 3 a 心地 ; 国際司法裁判所がある ). = ん flj ( 雄鶏の首の毛で作った ) 毛針 , 蚊針 . b ( 蚊 thah /hå:/ 間囹 =ha. ha-hal, ha-hal/ha:hå:/ 間囹 0 はは , あはは ( 笑 針にする ) 雄鶏の首の羽毛 . gét [ んåじ司 O's ん 6 8 加 =måke [ i8 司 0 ' 5 ん 6 8 記 ( やや略 い声・冷笑 ) ; ( 略式 ) 冗談 . 一 @ ははと笑う . 式 ) く人〉を怒らせる . a a2 , ha-ha2 囹 0 ( 庭・公園などの ) 隠れ垣 , 境界 håck ・ man 囹 ( ④ - ・ men) 0 ( 米 ) ( 貸し ) 馬車の御 壁 ( 景観・見通しを損なわないように溝の中に作る ). hahn ・ i-um /hå:niom/ 囹囘ハーニウム ( 人工放射性 者 . thack ・ ney /hékni/ 囹 0 1 乗用馬 : 馬車用の馬 : 元素 ; ( 記号 ) Ha). ハックニー種 ( 前ひざを高く上げて歩く馬 ). 2 = ん hai ・ ku /håiku:/ ( 日本 ) 囹 ( ~ ) 0 俳句 . ワ h 齟 / ( 伺 hale) ( 「幸 ( あれ ) 」が原義 ) (—s cärriage [cåb] 貸し馬車 , ( 正式 ) タクシー ー⑩ ( まれ ) [ 通例 be —ed] く言葉などが〉酷 / - —ed /-d/; ~ ・ ing) ⑩ 1 0 ( 正式 ) [SVOI 使される . ー 1 賃貸しの . 2 ( 廃 ) ありふれた . く人が〉 0 く人〉を歓呼して迎える , 歓迎する (wel- ね・ neyed 尨 ( 使い古して ) 陳腐な , 紋切り型の . come); く物・事〉を受け入れる : ~ the winner 勝 hack ・ saw /héksö:/ 囹 0 金属用のこ . 利者を歓迎する . 血瓰k ・ wörk 囹駄作 [ 雑文 ] を書くこと ; おもしろ味の 2 0 [SVO (as) C] く人が〉 0 く人〉を・・・として迎える ; ない仕事 , 金目当てのみの仕事 . く物・事〉を・・・として認める : ~ him ( king 彼を王 :had / ( 弱 ) had, od, [ 母音の後で ] d; ( 強 ) héd/ に迎える / ~ it a work of art それを芸術作品 have の過去・過去分詞形 : be ~ → have 20. と認める . 一 have の過去形 ( ◆過去完了・仮定法過去 3 ・・・に合図する , 声をかける ; ・・・を呼び止める : ~ a taxi 完了を作る . → have 2 ). タクシーを止める . ー@ 1 ( 海事 ) 〔・・・に〕合図をおくる〔 to 〕 . 2 ( 主に had gåod [ 川 d6 ・・・するのもよい : ・・・した方が 米略式 ) 〔・・・の〕出身 [ 育引である ; く船が〉〔・・・から〕出 had け“就 ) 住 8 S00 Ⅳ ... “ 8 ・ はい . 航する〔行 om 〕 : ~ om the same town 同じ町 had BETTER [BEST] dO. の出身である . 3 ( 豪略式 ) 宿をとる , 泊る ( ゆ ). ん ad スア E [ S00 Ⅳ e 司… thad ・ dock /hédok/ 囹 ( 朝 ~ , (s) 0 〔魚』ハドック w ん抛åi 〃雇 g 0 れ ce 〔・・・の〕声の届く距離に , 〔・・・の〕近くに可〕 . ( タラの一種 ; 北大西洋の食用魚で cod ほど大きくない ) ; 囹囘 0 あいさつ ; 声での合図 , 呼び声 , 呼びかけ . 囘その肉 . tHa-des /héidi:z/ 囹 1 罸神』ハーデース , 冥府の王 痂 t んれ [ 面′矼 ] ん血・・・の〕声の届く [ 届かない ] 所 (Pluto); 地下界 , 死者はみ ] の国 . 2 [h—] ( 俗 ) 間旧 ~ ! ] ( 古 ) 万歳 ! , ようこそ !. L に〔可〕 . Ⅱん Måry =Ave Maria. 地獄 (hell). /héil/ ( 「丸い小石 (small pebble) 」が原義】 hadj-i /héd3i/ 囹 ( ④—s /-z/) = hajji. *had-n't /hédnt/ had no 【の縮約形 . 囹 1 あられ , ひょう ( ◆ 1 粒は hailstone/a piece hae ・ mat ・ ic /hi(:)métik/ ( 英 ) = hematic. [pellet] of ~ ). 2 [a ~ of + 0 囘名詞 ] ( ・・・の ) haem-a ・ tite /hémotåit, hi:m-/ 囹 ( 英 ) = hema- 雨 : れ ~ 可 bullets 銃弾の雨 / 0 ~ 可 abuse 雨 あられのような罵詈雑言ごん ). tlte. ー @ [it を主語にして ] あられ [ ひょう ] が降る ; く物・ haem-a ・地1 ・ O-gy /hi:motålod3i/ 囹 ( 英 ) = he- 事が〉〔人に〕あられのように降る [ のしかかる ] ( 面れ ) 〔 0 れ〕 . matology. ー⑩・・・を〔・・・に〕雨あられと浴びせる , 投げつける (show- a mo - /hi:mou-, hé-/ ( 英 ) = hemo-. (r) (down) 〔 0 れ , れ ; ( まれ ) 砒〕 : ~ 面れ haf ・ ni-um /héfniom/ 囹囘〔化』ハフニウム ( ( 記 curses 0 れ him 彼に容赦なく毒舌を浴びせる . 号 ) Hf). 凾ト f もⅡ ow 囹 0 [ 叙述 ] 〔・・・と〕愛想のいい ( 人 ) , thaft /héftlhå:ft/ 囹 0 ( 文 ) ( 刀・ナイフの ) 柄 ( え ) , っか (handle). ー⑩く刀・ナイフなど〉に柄をつける . ( うわべだけ ) 大の [ 調子の合う ] 仲間 ( の ) ; [ けなして ] なれな れしい ( 人 ) 〔れれ〕 ( ◆ håil-féllow-wéll-mét とも thag / h 9 / ( 陬 hug) 囹 1 0 [ 通例けなして ] 醜い [ 意地悪な ] 老婆 ( ◆ you ~ で呼びかけも可 ) ; 魔女 . 2 いう ). 761
consider taking the j0b with the electronics firm. ロ練習 11 ( p. 215 ) 2. were I you 3. Had you used a computer . 4. Should you need tO reach me . 5. Had it gone out of business . 6.... had Thompson caught the ball. 7. Had Thompson not dropped the ball, we would have won the game. 8.... Had they not dared t0 be different .. 9. Should there be . 10. Had find ajob . turned down the volume . if I had had enough money. not been there . Tom told the truth about . .. if he hadn't had to quit school and (hadn't had to) 6.... if I hadn't stepped on the brakes. 7. .. if she hadn't ロ練習 12 ( p. 216 ) 3.... ifl had heard it ring. 4.... if I hadn't had your help. 5. 12. … HadI 11.... were you tO finish your education . 20 come] … had come[ くだけた言い方 : would have come] … would have had 3. weren't ロ練習 21 ( p. 227 ) I. were … were 2. had come[ くだけた言い方 : would have end 5. would pick ロ練習 20 ( p. 226 ) I. would change 2. would shave 3. would send 4. would 12. were 13. had 14. did 15. were ロ練習 19 ( p. 225 ) 6. had 7. could 8. did 9. had 10. could 11. would meet 14. had come[ くだけた言い方 : would have come] 15. were lying coming/would come/could come 12. weren't going tO give/wouldn't give 13. could wearing/had worn 7. had 8. had gone 9. could go 10. would lend 11. were have gone] 4. know 5. had told [ くだけた言い方 : would have told] 6. were ロ練習 18 ( p. 224 ) 1. had 2. were shining 3. had gone[ くだけた言い方 : would meant ロ . will tell 14. had been driving … would have been come ... had I known Ⅱ . would have done/could have done 12. would not say . 7. would have graduated 8. would have been 9. would not ride 10. would not have 3. would have taken 4. would think 5. were … would not be 6. would not be … had ロ練習 14 ( p. 218 ) 1. were not … would be sleeping 2. would have been 13. didn't outnumber ... would not be able to eat/couldn't eat be 10. were ... would be 11. hadn't been sleeping 12. would forget … weren't 7. would have ... hadn't spent 8. would have been hit … hadn't pulled 9. would completed 4. would you be … had been 5. weren't snowing 6. would have gone ロ練習 1 3 ( p. 217 ) I. would/could spend 2. would have sent 3. is/has been
チャレンジ問題の答えと解説 ① Coming out of the house, the dog started barking. 「犬」が共通の主語で、 When the dog came out Of the house, it ( = the dog) started barking. です。「 ~ し始める」は start -ing を使うとよいでしよう。 ② ScoIded by the teacher, John was in a bad mood all day. 共通の主語は「ジョン」で、分詞構文にする方の文 ( 従属節 ) は受動態ということ に注意してください。元の文は Because JOhn was scolded by the teacher, he ( = John) was in a bad mood all day. です。余談ですが、不機嫌の反対、つまり「機 0 Kept in the refrigerator, this ham will stay fresh. に「電話で」は on the phone を使います。 これは「 ~ ながら」の文です。双方の文の主語が「リサ」なのは明らかです。ちなみ 0 TaIking on the phone, Lisa wrote an e-mail. 嫌がよい」は be in agood mood となります。 1 34 ① Listening ② Seen 3 Living ④ asking 0 Destroyed にすれはいいのです。 had to go home on foot. となり、これを分詞構文にするには having lost という形 ごとです。つまり従属節は大過去なので、元の文は Becausel had lost my wallet,l らなかった」は過去のできごと。そして「財布をなくした」のはさらにその前のでき ヒントにもあるように時間の流れを考えてみましよう。「歩いて家に帰らなければな 0 Having lost my wallet,l had to go home on foot. will や may がつくことが多いので目印として考えてもいいですね。 残し、主語だけを省くことも可能です。また「 ~ すれは」の分詞構文は主文の動詞に ります。そういう場合はげ kept in the refrigerator, this ham will stay fresh. と if を すが、ほかの「 ~ ので」や「 ~ とき」と違って文脈からはわかりにくいことがままあ this ham) will stay fresh. となります。この「 ~ すれば」の文は別名条件文と言いま の文は「保存される」となり、元の文は lfthis ham is kept in the refrigerator, it ( = 日本語では「保存する」となっていますが、主語は「ハム」ですから接続詞のある方
hall 214 房 / there we had to turn back, due to the heavy rain ・雨が激しく降ったので , 我々は中途で引き返さなければならなかった . ー中ほどにある , 中間の . The runners passed the な ) point ・ ランナーは中間点を過ぎた . fllall Cho:l ホール ] 囹 ( 複数 ha118 [ -2 ] ) 0 ①会館 , 会堂 , ホール : ー a city 〃市役所 . ②玄関 , 玄関の広間 ; ( 米 ) 廊下ほ ). The visitor left his overcoat in the 〃 . 訪問客はオ→く一を玄関に置いた . al ・ 10 , hal ・ loa [h016u , 、ろウ ] 間 ( 人に呼び カ財て ) おーい ; ( 電話で ) もしもし . ( →Ⅱ。 ) HaI ・ low ・ een, al ・ 10W ・ e ' en [höloui : n ハあろウィーン ] 囹ハロイーン ( 諸聖人の祭り の前夜祭で , 10 月 31 日の夜 . アメリカではこの 日 , 子供たちがかぼちやをくり抜いたちょうちん を持ち , お化けなどの仮装は ) をして家々を回 り , お菓子をねだる風習がある ). halt Cho:lt ホーるト ] 囿止まる , 休止する , 停止する . ( 圍 stop, 胆 e ) The soldiers イ for lunch. 兵士たちは昼食のために休止した . ー他・・・を止める . 国 stop) Deep snow んな″ e イ the cars for two days. 大雪で車は 2 日間立ち往生 ( ルた . ー囹 0 停止 . halves [hævz/ha:vz , 、あヴズ ] 名 half の複 数 . haml Chæm , 、あム ] 囹 , 、ム ( 塩づけにして , くん製にした豚のもも肉 ). ham2 [ h 記 m , 、あム ] 囹 0 ( 米レ、ム , アマチ、ア 無線家 . Ⅱ am ・厄 t [ h mlit ハあムれット ] , 、ムレット ( シェークスビアの四大悲劇の 1 つ ; その主人 公 ). ham ・ mer [hémo ハぁマ ] 囹 0 金づち , , 、ン ー他・・・を金づち [ ハンマー ] で打っ . The boy tried to んな er nails into the board. その少年は板にくぎを打ち込もうとした . ham ・ mock [ h mok ハあモック ] 囹 0 ハンモッ ク , つり床 ( ぎ ). ntand [hænd ハぁンド ] 囹 ( 複数五 a 取 [ - ① 0 ( 手首から先の ) 手 . He t00k me by the イ . 彼は私の手を取った ホ研・ ( 掲示の文句 ) 手を触れるな . ② 0 ( 時計の ) 針 :—the hour [minute] 時 [ 分 ] 針 . the long Cshort] んな長 [ 短 ] 針 . 3 0 側 , 方 , 方面 . a 取 fingers thumb hand どうそ私の帽子を取ってください . なれイ me my hat, please. letter ル him ・ ) 私は彼にその手紙を渡した I ん 0 虎イ him the letter. ()I ”虎イ the 取ってやる . A B=hand B to A)A( 人 ) に B ( 物 ) を渡す , 記 [-id] ; 現分 handin の他手渡す ; (hand ー ( 三単現 han [ - z ] ; 過去・過分 - 彼女は私たちに手を振った . She なイ her んなれイ to us. 0 ” one's れ d 手を振る . 私は彼と握手した . I s ん 00 々んな”ホ with him. 8 れ面 ( ・・・と ) 握手 ( する ( ⅶの . 火事は手に負えなくなった . The fire got 0 可んなれ d. 0 衂 of ん 0 ル d 手に負えないで , 手にあまって . 伽 the r ん 0 ル d 他方では , これに反して . 伽 the 0 ん 0 ル d 一方では . お金をどのくらい持ち合ていますか . HOW much money do you have 0 〃んなれイ ? 0 ルん。ル d 持ち合て ; 出席して ; 手近に . 我々は手を取り合って歩いた . We walked んな”イ加んなれイ . 加ん。手を取り合って ; 協力して 〆り e [ んル d ] ・・・ 0 ん。れ d ・・・を助ける , 手を貸す . 作 0 んれ d t0 0 その日暮らしで . 私の 15 歳の誕生日が間近です . My 15th birthday is near 砒んなれイ . 砒間近に ; 手近に , 手もとに . 彼女は字がじようずだ . She writes a good んなれイ . 6 0 筆跡 . 近ごろは農場の働き手カ坏足している . They are short of farm んなれホ these days. 30 働き手 , 労務者 . 金メダルは彼のものとなった . The gold medal fell into his 加ホ . 赤ん坊は安心できる人に預 ( 学財られた . The baby was left in good んな〃ホ . ④ [ 複数形で ] 管理 , 手中 ( う ) , 所有 ; 世話 . 右側に高い山が見えた . 「 e saw a high mountain on the right arm elbow wr1St
T H E K E E P E R 0 F T H E K E Y S 59 Dursleys, 'thatthis boy ー this boy! ー knows nothin' abou' ー about ANYTHING?' Harry thought this was going a bit far. He had been to school, after all, and his marks weren't bad. 'I know some things,' he said. 'I can, you know, do maths and stuff.' But Hagrid simply waved his hand and said, 'About 0 r world, I mean. r world. My world. Yer p 尾れ屋 WO 日 d. ' 'What world?' Hagrid looked as if he was about to explode. 'DURSLEY!' he boomed. UncIe Vernon, who had gone very pale, whispered something that sounded like 'Mimblewimble'. Hagrid s tared wildly at Harry. But yeh must know about yer mum and dad,' he said. 'l mean, they're 工住 mo 課 S. YO 眈 ' 化 famous. 'What? My ー my mum and dad weren't famous, were they?' 'Yeh don' know ... yeh don' know … ' Hagrid ran his fingers through his hair, fixing Harry with a b ewildered stare. 'Yeh don' know what yeh 住尾 ? ' he said finally. Uncle Vernon suddenly found his voice. 'Stop ! ' he commanded. 'Stop right there, sir! I forbid you to tell the boy anything! ' A braver man than Vernon Dursley would have quailed under the furious 100k Hagrid now gave him; when Hagrid spoke, his every syllable trem- bled with rage. 'You never told him? Never tOld him what was in the letter Dumbledore left fer him? I was there! I
TRANSLATION TROUBLES "Hi everyone! Did you have a good weekend? ” "I had tO work, ” said one student. "Oh that's too bad!" said Laura. "I hope you get tO take next weekend Off. HOW about you Megumi? What did you do?" "WeII, my husband really likes... how do you say it ⅲ English? 〃イノ 0 わ ? SO I helped him," said Megumi. By now Laura had gotten pretty used t0 her students' way 0f saying things. She expected certain mistakes. She could usually tell what her students were trying tO say. But in this case, she had no idea what Megumi was trying t0 say. She had t0 be making a mistake. She couldn't possibly mean t0 say "hand j0b. N0t Megumi, the quiet housewife! Or maybe Japanese people are more open about these things? Laura thought. "Uh, hand job?" Laura asked. "Oh, maybe that isn't the right word. I will check my dictionary... " said Megumi. She got out her electronic dictionary and lOOked 79
158 HARRY POTTER narrowly escaping Muggles in helicopters. He was- n'tthe only one, though: the way Seamus Finnigan told it, he'd spent most of his childhood zooming around the countryside on his broomstick. Even Ron would tell anyone who'd listen about the time he'd almost hit a hang-glider on Charlie's old broom. Everyone from wizarding families talked about Quidditch constantly. Ron had already had a big argument with Dean Thomas, wh0 shared their dormitory, about football. Ron couldn't see what was exciting about a game with only one ball where Ⅱ 0 one was allowed to fly. Harry had caught Ron prodding Dean's poster of West Ham football team, trying t0 make the players move. Neville had never been on a broomstick in his life, because his grandmother had never let him near one. Privately, Harry felt she'd had good rea- son, because NeVille managed tO have an extraordi- nary number Of accidents even with bOth feet on the ground. Hermione Granger was almost as nervous about flying as Neville was. This was something you couldn'tlearn by heart out of a book ー not that she hadn't tried. At breakfast on Thursday she bored them all stupid with flying tips she'd got out of a library book called Quidditch through the Ages. Neville was hanging on to her every word, desper- ate for anything that might help him hang on to his broomstick later, but everybody else was very pleased when Hermione's lecture was interrupted by the arrival of the post. Harry hadn't had a single letter since Hagrid's note, something that Malfoy had been quick to
six hundred (and) seventeen 617 hack hack ・ ney [hékni] 名 nid] 形使い古した , 陳腐な引 a ん“り ( ~ s [ ~ z ] ) 乗用馬 , 貸し phrase 陳腐な文句 馬車 hack ・ saw [h&ks5:] 囹⑥ ( 金属を切る ) 金のこ håckney cårriage ( 左図 ) 名貸し馬車 ; 2 頭立て [hæd] have 、の過去・過去分詞 ( 6 人乗り 4 輪馬車 ( ◆ ・一 - ーー - ー、・ havel) 引 He had a book in his häckney cöach ともいう ) hand. 彼は手に本を持っていた / We イ a pleas- 〔 hacksaw 〕 hack ・ neyed [hék- ant evening. 私たちには楽しい晩でした :had [ 弱形 hod, 記 , d ; 強形 hæd] have2 の過去 ( *have2 ) ① ( 過去完了 ) ( 完了・結果ト・してしまっていた The train イ already started when we got t0 the station. ( 経験 ) ・・・したことがあった He ん〃イ never been tO the concert before he was seventeen. ( 継続 ) ずっと・・・していた He イ lived in Japan for ten years when I met him. ( 主節より前の過去 ) He asked me how long I カ 4 イ been in 、 America. ② ( 仮定法過去完了ト・だったとしたら Ⅱ I had known ( = 〃〃 d I known) about it, I could have changed my が an. ① ( 希望・計画の非実現 ) I イ expected that you would be able to come. 墜 : ( 1 ) [hæd] と発音するのは助動詞のうち次の場合である①単語として引用するとき ( 例 )the word ' イ ' ②強調するとき ( 例 ) He had seen it before. ( 彼は以前にそ れを見たことがあった ; その時が初めてではない ) ③文または節の段落の終わりにあるとき ( 例 ) He hadn't seen it, but I ④ hadn't としたとき ( 2 ) 山記 ] [ 記 ] と発音するのは文頭のとき ( 3 ) [d] と発音するのはその他のとき ( 例 ) He said he had been ill . ( 彼は病気だったと言 った ) ( ◆この場合 he'd と略記するのが普通 ) ① ( 過去完了 ) ( had + 過去分詞の形で , 過去のあ She lost the pen which her aunt ん 4 イ given her. 彼女はおばがくれたペンをなくした る時を基準にして , その前に起こった動作・状態をその e ( 過去の時点から見た過去を表して ) 時に結びつける ) I ん 4 イ seen him an hour before you a ( 完了・結果 ) ( その時までに ) ・・・してしまってい arrived. 私は君が着く 1 時間前に彼に会った た The train イ already started when we ② ( 仮定法過去完了 ) Chad + 過去分詞の形で ) got tO the station. 私たちが駅に着いた時には ( もしあのとき ) ・・・だったとしたら ( ◆過去の事実に 反する仮定・想像を表す ) (=+ifl) 列車はすでに出発してしまっていた If I had known(=Had I known) about it, I remembered that I ん〃 d left my hat behind. 私は帽子を置き忘れてきたことを思い出し I could have changed my plan. もしも私が それを知っていたら , 計画を変更することもできたのに た b ( 経験 ) ( その時までに ) ・・・したことがあった ( ◆仮定法過去の If I had it , .. 「もしも私がそ He had never been to the concert before れを持っていれば・・・」では had は本動詞で , 現在の he was seventeen. 彼は 17 歳になるまで音楽会 事実に反する仮定を表す ) 3 ( 希望・計画の非実現 ) ( ◆ ho , expect, に行ったことがなかった As I んなイ never seen him, I could not think, SUPPOSe, mean などの動詞の過去分詞と recognize him. 彼に以前一度も会ったことがな ともに用いる ) I expected that you would be able t0 かったので彼だとはわからなかった come. あなたが来られることを望んでいた ( のだが実 c ( 継続 ) ( その時まで ) すっと・・・していたト・だっ 際は来られなかった ) He ん〃イ lived in Japan for ten years when She had intended to make a cake. 彼女はケ I met him. 彼は私が会った時までに 10 年間日本 ーキを作るつもりだった ( が , 作れなかった ) ん ad れ催 [ 8 幻•betterl, best( 成句 ) で暮らしていた She イ been reading till then. 彼女はその時 ad 0 ー been for ( 文語 ) もし・・・がなかった ならば ( if it had not been for) 引〃な d ″ まで読書していた d ( 間接話法あるいは複文の従属節で , 主節の動詞が 厖 / your help, he could not have succeeded. 君の助けがなかったら , 彼は成功しなか 過去形の時に従属節において用いられる ) He asked me how long I had been in ったであろう America. 彼は私にアメリカにどれくらいいたか尋ね ・ ad ra 肱 [ 800 月むしろ・・・した方 た (=He said to me, "How long have you がよい [ したいと思う ] (wouldratherdo)( ◆ been in America ? ” ) ロ語では米英とも 'd rather の形をとるので , had I thought he had killed the woman. 私は彼 か would かはっきりしないが , ( 英 ) では would が がその女性を殺したと思った 普通 . 節を従えることもあるが , その場合節内の動詞 2
habituate 818 ha ・ bit ・ u ・ ate / ha 叮 ue ⅱゆ be/become habituated tO (dOi ng sth ) ア m 観 to be or gradually become used tO something: Over 曲 ece 〃ーリ r s , 曲 2 0 〃 ima なれ 0 become わ 0 加ル 0 d の living 加 such 0 dry ha ・ bit ・ u ・きⅸ叮 ue 〃 + oflformalsomeone who regularly goes tO a particular place or event ha ・ ci ・ en ・ da /lhæsi'endo/ 〃 ] a large farm ⅲ Spanish-speaking countries hackl 小記 k / v 1 卩 always + adv/prep, T always + adv prep] tO cut something intO pieces roughly or violently:hack away/at etc She わ ac ん記 0 砒 the ice, trying 襯 0 0 わ 0 厄 lhack sth into/through etc We んねわ ac ん 0 0 ro ″ g わ 2 ゾ″〃 g 厄 2 can't hack sth 加知 r 襯観 tO feel that you cannot do somethingthat is diffcult or boring:l've been doing なわ r e の・ s , わレーーノレ ca 〃 7 カ ac ″ 0 〃襯 0 尾 . 3 [IlAmEt0driveataxi 4 [I,Talways + adv/prep] BrE to ride a horse along roads or through the country hack intO 〃んロⅡ T 】ル r 襯 0 ハ 0 secretlyfindaway tO get intO the information on someone else's com- puter system SO that you can use or change it hack2 田 k / 〃 [CI 1 a writer who does a 10t of 10W quality work, especially writing newspaper arti- cles: わ ac んノ 0 レ r 〃 0 〃 sm —see alSO HACKWORK 2 an unimportant politician: The meeting was 0 ″ 2 〃 ded の the ″ s レ 0 〃 ar カ ac ん s. 3 ス襯 E informal a taxi, or a taxi driver 4 an act of hitting something roughly with a cutting tool: レ立 give ″ 0 ん ac ん w ″れ the 0 ズ e. 5 an old, tired horse 6 a horse you can pay money tO ride on 7 BrE a ride on a horse hacked-off ・・ / 0 可 BrE 加 r 襯観 extremely annoyed: l'm r 〃加 c ん ed -0 ゴ ~ ィー襯 ) , co 砒明 the わレ s. hack ・ er / ・ h 出 k 司つ「 / 〃 [CI informal someone who secretly uses or changes the information in Other people's computer systems —hacking 〃 [UJ hacking cough ' ・ / 〃 [usually singular] a repeated painful cough with an unpleasant sound hacking jacket た・ ・・ / 〃 [C] BrE a woollen JACKET ( 1 ) worn when riding a horse hack ・厄5 / ' h 出 ko レ / ″ [plural] 1 sb ・ 5 hackles rise if someones hackles rise they begin to feel very angr 、 y, because someone's behaviour or attitude offends them: ん 0 ″ rasa e ⅲ so 〃 00 ん 0 〃 s - c 巳の滬工″ わ催々 ac ん s おな加 g. lraise sb's hackles (=make someoneangr 、 y) c 〃 ess ma ′ん s 0 れ ( 尾 e 〃 0 レ g んの raise 0 0 's ac ん 2 the long feathers or hairs on the back Of the neck of some animals and birds, which stand up straight when they are ⅲ danger hack ・ ney car ・ riage /'hækni . k 口 d3 / 〃ー BrE 1 also hackney coach ・・ / ス襯 E a carriage pulled byahorse, used inthepastlikeataxi 2 alsohack- ney cab / ・・・・ / 知 r 襯観 a taxi hack ・ neyed / ・ hæknid/ 0 可 a hackneyed phrase, statement, etc is boring and does not have much meaning because it has been used SO often; TRITE hack ・ saw/'hækso: ト n:/n ] acuttingtool with small teeth on its blade, used especially for cutting metal —see picture at T00L1 hack ・ work 出 kW3 : k ト W3 : ⅸ / れ [U] uninteresting work, especially writ ing, done to earn money rather than because you enj oy it had /d, od, hod; s 作 0 ″ g hæd/ 1 the past tense and past part iciple Of HAV E 2 be h ad ~ なル rma / to be tricked or be made t0 100k stupid: l'm afraid ) , 0 ″加 わ″わ ad ! T 力な 0 んな 0 工 0 ん e ! had ・ dock /lhædok/ 〃ル r 観 haddock [C,UI a com- mon fish that lives in northern seas and is often used as food Ha ・ des /'heldi:z/ 〃 [U]the land ofthe dead in the sto- ries Of anc ient Greece; HELLI ( 3 ) hadj 田 d3 / 〃 ] another spelling ofHAJ had ・軈 / ・ h d3i / 〃 [CI another spelling ofHAJ. Ⅱ had ・ n't /'hædnt/short for 'had not': 一わ ad が〃″ 襯既 l'd れ側ん 0 怩わ el d ″ . hae ・ ma ・ t0ト0 ・ gy BrE, hematology AmE /,hi:ma 't 可 0d 訓ド ta : - / れ [Ulthe scientific study of blood haemo- BrE , hemo- 襯 E /hi:moo, -mo, hemoll-moo, -ma , hemo/ 〃尾ズ c わ観 concerning the blood: 0 カ 2 襯 0 わ age ( =bleeding) hae ・ mo ・ 9 ー 0 ・ bi れ BrE, hemoglobin AmE /. hi:mo ・ glo ( ) 可可 - 、 gloo-/ ″ [UI a red substance in the blood that contains iron and carries oxygen hae ・ mo ・ phil•i ・ a BrE, hemophilia AmE /. hi:mo'fllio/n [U] a serious disease that prevents the blOOd from becom ing thick, so that a person loses a 10t Of blood easily hae ・ mo ・ phil ・ i ・ ac BrE, hemophiliac AmE /,hi:mo 'flliæk/ 〃 [C] a person who suffers from haemophilia hae ・ E0「・ rhagel BrE hemorrhage AmE / ・ hem 0 ロ d3 / れ [C,U] a serious medical condition ⅲ wh ich a person BLEE DS a lot, often inside the body haemorrhage2 BrE, hemorrhage AmE —v [I] to have a haemorrhage hae ・ E0「・ rhoids BrE, hemorrhoids A 襯刃 / ・ hemo ロ z / 〃 [plurall painfully swollen BL00D VESSEIS at the ANUS haft /ha:ftllhæft/ 〃 [CI c 観 a long handle on an AXE ー ( 1 ) or on some weapons hag 小出 g / 〃 [C] an ugly or unpleasant woman, especially one whO is OId or 100kS like a W1"1 ℃ H ( 1 ) hag ・ gard / ・ h 90d ト 0 「 d / 0 の havinglines on yourface and dark marks around your eyes, espec ially because you are ⅱ 1 , worried, or have not had enough sleep: S レ dde 〃わ 2 わ 0 ん加 g 襯レ c ん 0 催 , んな知 ん aggar 0 〃 d レ〃 s わ 0 怩〃 . hag ・ gis / ・ h 出 9 い / れ [C,U] a food eaten ⅲ Scotland, made from the heart and other organs ofa sheep, cut up and boiled ⅲ a skin 、 made from the sheep's stomach hag ・ gle ′ h g 』 / v 田 tO argue, especially when try- ing tO agree about the price Of something: haggle with sb over/about ーわ ad ねわ agg 田″ the driver 砒 , 催 e 知尾—haggling ″ [UI hag ・ i ・ og ・ ra ・ phy ん h 出い ogr 。 fi ド。 : 9- / れ [C,U] 1 a b00k about the lives of SAINTS 2 a book about someone that describes them as better than they re- ally are hag-rid ・ den / ・・ド・ / 0 可〃 rary always worried by problems ⅲ your 1 ife ha-hal ・・ / ー〃な e け〃 1 used ⅲ writing tO rep- resent a shout Of laughter 2 s. 〃 0 ん e れ used, some- times angrily, to show that you do not think something is funny: 0 わ , 0. ル〃〃面ん川々 0 加 . ha-ha2 た・ / 〃 [C] a wall or fence set ⅲ a hole ⅲ the
386 JA M E S T H U R B E R ammng it. As he walked home now he went over it again. For the hundredth time he resented the element ofimprecision, the margin ofguesswork that entered into the business. The project as he had worked it out was casual and bold, the risks were con- siderable. Something might go wrong anywhere along the line. And therein 1 the cunning ofh1S scheme. No one would ever see ⅲ it the cautious, painstaking hand 0f Erwin Martin, head of the filing department at F & S, of whom Mr. FitweiIer had once said, "Man is Ⅲ b 厄 but Martin isn't. ” NO one would see his hand, that is, unless it were caught in the act. Sitting ⅲ his apartment, drinking a glass 0f milk, Mr. 、åa ⅲ reviewed his case against Mrs Ulgine Barrows, as he had every night for seven nights. He began at the beginmng ・ Her quacking voice and braying laugh had first profaned the halls of F & S on March 7 , 1941 (Mr. Martin had a head for dates). 0 Roberts, the personnel chief, had introduced her as the newly 叩 pointed special adviser t0 the president ofthe firm Mr. Fitweiler. The woman had appalled Mr. Martin instantly, but he hadn't shown it. He had given her his dry hand, a 100k of studious concentration, and a faint smile. "Well,' ” she had said, 100k ⅲ g at the papers on his desk, "are you lifting the oxcart out of the ditch? ” As Mr. Martin recalled that moment, over his milk, he sqmrmed slightly. He must keep his mind on her cnmes as a special adviser, not on her peccadillos as a person- ali . This he found diffcult to do, ⅲ spite ofentering an objec- tion and sustaining it. The faults 0fthe woman as a woman kept chattering on ⅲ his mind like an unruly witness. She had, for almost two years no baited him. ln the halls, ⅲ the elevator, even in his own offce, into which she romped れ ow and then like a C1rcus horse, she was constantly shouting these silly questions at him. "Are you lifting the oxcart out 0f the ditch? Are you teanng 叩 the pea patch? Are you hollering down the rain barrel? Are you scrapmg around the bottom 0f the pickle barrel? Are you sittmg ⅲ the catbird seat?" lt was Joey Hart, one 0f Mr. Martin's two assistants, wh0 had explained what the gibberish meant. "She must be a Dodger fan," he had said. "Red Barber announces the D0dger games over the radiO and he uses those expressions—picked